Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
important events in the history of mankind. One proof of it is that it protects and
preserves the natural resources. These things include water, land, soils, rocks,
forests, animals, fossil fuels and minerals. Therefore it is the responsibility of the
the world, lush tropical forests are being logged for timber and pulp, cleared to
grow food, and destroyed by the impact of climate change. Four fifths of the
forests that covered almost half on earths land surface eight thousand years
In addition, forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet. They
produce vital oxygen and provide homes for people and wildlife. Many of the
worlds most threatened and endangered animals live in forests, and 1.6 billion
2
people rely on benefits forests offer, including food, fresh water, clothing,
traditional medicine and shelter. Forest play a critical role in mitigating climate
change because they act as a carbon sink, soaking up carbon dioxide that
It is estimated that 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions are the result of
because these forests are home too much of the worlds biodiversity. In the
Amazon around 17% of the forest has been lost in the last 50 years, mostly due to
rampant near more populated areas, roads and rivers, but even remote areas
have been encroached upon when valuable mahogany, gold and oil are
discovered. Philippines is among the countries that are losing their forest cover
fast, ranking 4th in the worlds top 10 among threatened forest hotspots. Disasters
such as floods and landslides that results in loss of life and livelihood are the most
these is perhaps the Ormoc flood on November 05, 1991 which killed almost
8,000 people.
According to Remollino, (2004), the Philippines had lost at least 80% of its
original forest cover since the 16 century. In fact, forest cover decreased by
328,682 hectares, that is, from 7,168,400 hectares in 2003 to 6,839,718 hectares in
2010 (DENR). This translates an annual forest cover loss of 46,954 hectares. The
3
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United States (UN) in it is 2003
report, the state of the Word Forest, places the Philippines rate of deforestation
at 1.4% annually from 1990 to 2000 or 80,000 hectares. This situation had earned
the country the notoriety in Southeast Asia as the only country with the thinnest
forest cover. To reverse this trend, the Philippine government initiated the
President Benigno S. Aquino III on February 24, 2011. The primary mandate of the
Agrarian Reform and DENR, half of the targeted trees to be planted under the
program would constitute forest tree species intended for timber production
Also, areas eligible for rehabilitation under the program include all lands of
greening areas, inactive and abandoned mine sites and other suitable lands.
the forest to ensure that wildlife will continue to supply a sustainable future.
4
Unfortunately, environmental education is not widespread. Environmental
Education is needed to make people think about the future and always to
present irreversible destruction of our forest. One of the activities of the National
Greening Program that can be utilized to help the preservation of our natural
carbon dioxide, which is largely blamed for global warming. It is also designed
upland and lowland households relating to seedling production and care and
vegetative cover, and cultivation of trees, land productivity and uplift the
5
Reforestation continues to be an important component of upland
goal.
and can be reached by using only four wheeled cars and motorcycles. It is also
these needs would provide every individual to cooperate, seek for improvement
Theoretical Framework
DENR in 2012 in general was centered on the number of hectares and seedlings
were conducted to check the status of the planted seedlings. As a result, the
needed remedial actions like replanting and proper care and maintenance
6
were not undertaken so as to achieve the desired survival rate of 85 percent.
The reason put forward by the report for the absence of monitoring of the
NGP found that the program was viewed by participants on the ground as
perceptions, however, the NGP was viewed as only partially effective and
problem in the initial implementation was the delay in the availability of the
mobilization fund and limited personnel. (Israel, D.C. and J.H. Lintag. 2013.
depend on complex and sometimes intertwining factors. Other than the infusion
7
have a better chance of attaining its objectives if its implementers can
sufficiently monitor and evaluate its activities and effectively implement solutions
Also the Executive Order no. 192, section 4, states that the Department of
the countrys environment and natural resources, specifically forest and grazing
and lands of the public domain, as well as the licensing and regulation of all
sharing of the benefits derived therefrom for the welfare of the present and
Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order No. 30, Sec. 4) Role of the Local
Government Units state that in coordination with the DENR and subject to the
provision of this Order, the Local Government Units shall adopt adequate
8
measures to protect the environment and conserve land, mineral, marine, forest
illegal cutting of forest and forest reserves as qualified theft. State that in section
timber or other forest product, either from the any of the public forest, forest
reserves and other kinds of public forest, whether under license or lease, or from
any privately owned forest land in violation of existing laws, rules and regulation
shall be guilty of crime qualified theft as defined and penalized under Article
Order No. 193 expanding the coverage of the National Greening Program.
communities.
include EO No.23 that bans logging in natural and residual forests, as well as
Proclamation No. 125, declaring 2011 as the National Year Forest in the
9
established by virtue of Executive Order No. 26 issued on Feb 24, 2011 by
President Benigno S. Aquino III. It seeks to grow 1.5 billion tees in 1.5 million
Figure 1 present the research paradigm. The input includes the level of
10
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Level of
implementation of
National Greening
of the problems
encountered in the
implementation of
National Greening
Fernando, La Union.
11
This study aimed to assess the National Greening Program Implementation
Union?
Fernando, La Union?
a. Serious
b. Very serious
Fernando, La Union?
a. Reforestation
12
Local Government Unit. This study will serve as their baseline to improve
PNP Personnel. This study will help them in monitoring the implementation
This will enable the PNP to include Greening Program not only their functions
and jurisdiction, but also their plans in safeguarding our remaining forest.
Community. This study will provide information about the importance and
benefits of the National Greening Program to the community of the City of San
Researchers. This study will benefit the researchers as being the part of the
Fernando, La Union.
Future Researchers. This study will serve as baseline information for future
research studies.
Definition of Terms
13
Assessment. This is a process of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, and
Fernando, La Union.
Philippine National Police (PNP). They are the lead government unit that
enforces laws and supervision and control of security agencies and assist in
recreate forest that has been previously damaged or strengthen the existing
ones.
Selected Barangay. This is a place where the research will be conducted in the
14