Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 97 views

    Boyce ODEch 2 S 6 P 29

    Uploaded by

    Rieldi Petrus Situmorang
    This document provides the solution steps to solve the differential equation ex + (ex cot y + 2y csc y)y' = 0. An integrating factor of μ = sin y is found. Using this, the equation is made exact and a potential function ψ(x, y) = ex sin y + y2 is determined. Finally, the general solution is given as ex sin y + y2 = C1, where C1 is an arbitrary constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Boyce ODEch 2 S 6 P 29

    Uploaded by

    Rieldi Petrus Situmorang
    97 views3 pages
    This document provides the solution steps to solve the differential equation ex + (ex cot y + 2y csc y)y' = 0. An integrating factor of μ = sin y is found. Using this, the equation is made exact and a potential function ψ(x, y) = ex sin y + y2 is determined. Finally, the general solution is given as ex sin y + y2 = C1, where C1 is an arbitrary constant.

    Original Description:

    BoyceODEch2s6p29

    Original Title

    BoyceODEch2s6p29

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides the solution steps to solve the differential equation ex + (ex cot y + 2y csc y)y' = 0. An integrating factor of μ = sin y is found. Using this, the equation is made exact and a potential function ψ(x, y) = ex sin y + y2 is determined. Finally, the general solution is given as ex sin y + y2 = C1, where C1 is an arbitrary constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    97 views3 pages

    Boyce ODEch 2 S 6 P 29

    Uploaded by

    Rieldi Petrus Situmorang
    This document provides the solution steps to solve the differential equation ex + (ex cot y + 2y csc y)y' = 0. An integrating factor of μ = sin y is found. Using this, the equation is made exact and a potential function ψ(x, y) = ex sin y + y2 is determined. Finally, the general solution is given as ex sin y + y2 = C1, where C1 is an arbitrary constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.

    6 - Problem 29 Page 1 of 3

    Problem 29
    In each of Problems 25 through 31, find an integrating factor and solve the given equation.
    ex + (ex cot y + 2y csc y)y 0 = 0

    Solution

    This ODE is not exact at the moment because


    ∂ x ∂ x
    (e ) = 0 6= (e cot y + 2y csc y) = ex cot y.
    ∂y ∂x
    To solve it, we seek an integrating factor µ = µ(x, y) such that when both sides are multiplied by
    it, the ODE becomes exact.
    ex µ + µ(ex cot y + 2y csc y)y 0 = 0
    Since the ODE is exact now,
    ∂ x ∂
    (e µ) = [µ(ex cot y + 2y csc y)].
    ∂y ∂x
    Expand both sides.
    ∂µ ∂µ x
    ex = (e cot y + 2y csc y) + µ(ex cot y)
    ∂y ∂x
    Assume that µ is only dependent on y: µ = µ(y).
    dµ
    ex = µ(ex cot y)
    dy
    dµ
    = µ(cot y)
    dy
    Solve this ODE by separating variables.
    dµ
    = cot y dy
    µ
    Integrate both sides.
    ln µ = ln sin y + C
    Exponentiate both sides.
    µ = (sin y)eC
    Taking eC to be 1, an integrating factor is
    µ = sin y.
    Multiply both sides of the original ODE by sin y.
    ex sin y + (ex cos y + 2y)y 0 = 0
    Because it’s exact, there exists a potential function ψ = ψ(x, y) that satisfies
    ∂ψ
    = ex sin y (1)
    ∂x
    ∂ψ
    = ex cos y + 2y. (2)
    ∂y

    www.stemjock.com
    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.6 - Problem 29 Page 2 of 3

    Integrate both sides of equation (1) partially with respect to x to get ψ.

    ψ(x, y) = ex sin y + f (y)

    Here f (y) is an arbitrary function of y. Differentiate both sides with respect to y.

    ψy (x, y) = ex cos y + f 0 (y)

    Comparing this to equation (2), we see that

    f 0 (y) = 2y → f (y) = y 2 .

    As a result, a potential function is

    ψ(x, y) = ex sin y + y 2 .

    Notice that by substituting equations (1) and (2), the ODE can be written as

    ∂ψ ∂ψ dy
    + = 0. (3)
    ∂x ∂y dx

    Recall that the differential of ψ(x, y) is defined as

    ∂ψ ∂ψ
    dψ = dx + dy.
    ∂x ∂y
    Dividing both sides by dx, we obtain the fundamental relationship between the total derivative of
    ψ and its partial derivatives.
    dψ ∂ψ ∂ψ dy
    = +
    dx ∂x ∂y dx
    With it, equation (3) becomes
    dψ
    = 0.
    dx
    Integrate both sides with respect to x.

    ψ(x, y) = C1

    Therefore,
    ex sin y + y 2 = C1 .

    www.stemjock.com
    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.6 - Problem 29 Page 3 of 3

    This figure illustrates several solutions of the family. In red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and
    purple are C1 = −10, C1 = −5, C1 = −1, C1 = 1, C1 = 5, and C1 = 10, respectively.

    www.stemjock.com

    You might also like