UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

(PRELIM)
Name of Student: ____________________________ Year/Section: _____________
Subject: Science, Technology, and Society Teacher: ______________

MODULE No. M-01

TITLE: Topic 01: Historical antecedents in which social
considerations changed the course of science and
technology

Overview/  SCIENCE may be defined as the “system of knowledge” of

Introduction: the natural world gained through the scientific method.
Science was originally called “philosophy of the natural
world” since it stemmed from the ancient Greeks’ desire to
know about nature. Thus, the first scientists were called
“philosophers of nature.”

 TECHNOLOGY comes from the Greek words tekhne

meaning “art or craft” and logia, meaning a “subject or
interest.” Taken together, the term has come to mean
“practical applications of what we know about nature”
using scientific principles for the betterment of human
situation.

Learning At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
Objectives: A. discuss the interactions between S&T and society
throughout history.
B. discuss how scientific and technological developments
affect society and the environment.
C. identify the paradigm shifts in history.

Discussion/Analysis:
(MO1 -Student Handout)

Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology

ANCIENT TIMES
In ancient times, people were concerned with transportation and navigation,
communication and record keeping, mass production, security and protection, as well
as health, aesthetics, engineering and architecture.

Early civilization Technological Advancements

Page 1 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

A. Sumerian civilization
The Sumerians made many advances that helped their society develop.
1. Cuneiform
• -World’s first system of writing that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols.
The Sumerians wrote on clay tablets with sharp tools called styluses. The
Sumerians first used cuneiform to keep business records. They also used their
writing skills to write books about history, poems, and math. A new class of
people who wrote and made copies were called scribes.
2. Uruk City
- considered to be the first true city in the world. Sumerians were able to build
the city using only mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with reeds,
producing Sun-baked bricks.
3. The Great Ziggurat of Ur
- the ziggurat also called “the mountain of god” was built in the same manner
that they constructed the City of Uruk. It served as the sacred place of their chief
god, where only their priests were allowed to enter.
4. Irrigation and Dikes
- The Sumerians created dikes and irrigation canals to bring water to farm lands
and at the same time control the flooding of their rivers.
5. Sailboats
- Sailboats were essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering
culture, information, and technology.
6. Wheel
- the first wheels were not made for transportation but for farm work and food
processes. With the use of the wheel and axle, mass production was made
easier.
7. The plow
- Humans evolved from being food gatherers to farm cultivators. The plow
increased farm production.
8. Roads
- To facilitate faster travel, Sumerians developed the first road with the same
technology they used in making the sun-baked bricks that they laid down on the
ground.

B. Babylonian Civilization
The Babylonians were great builders, engineers, and architects.

1. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

- One of the seven wonders of the ancient world. A structure made up of layers
upon layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and

Page 2 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

vines. According to legends, the great Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built

the gardens for his wife Queen Amytis.
-
C. Egyptian Civilization
1. Paper or Papyrus
- Egyptians were able to process the plant (papyrus) in order to produce thin
sheets on which one could write down things. Since papyrus was lighter and
thinner than clay tablets, it was easy to carry and store.
2. Ink
- Egyptians invented ink by combining soot with different chemicals to produce
inks of different colors.
3. Hieroglyphics
- a system of writing using symbols. Hieroglyphics was the language that tells
the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient Egyptians.
4. Cosmetics
- In ancient Egypt, cosmetics was for both health and aesthetic reasons.
Egyptian wear kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. They
also believed that a person wearing make-up was protected from evil and that
beauty was a sign of holiness.
-Wig were used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptian from the
harmful rays of the sun.
5. Water Clock/Clepsydra
- This device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of the water from one vessel
to the other. The amount of water remaining in the device determines how much
time has elapsed since it is full.

D. Greek Civilization
Greece is an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe. Known as the
birthplace of western philosophy.
1. Alarm Clock
- The Greek’s alarm clock made use of water (sometimes stone or sand) that
dropped into drums which sounded the alarm.
2. Water Mill
- they were commonly used in the agricultural processes like milling of grains
which was a necessary food processing.

E. Roman Civilization
- Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in
the west. It was also considered to be the cradle of politics and governance
during that period.

Page 3 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

1. Newspaper
- Gazettes, the first newspapers contained announcements of the Roman Empire
to the people.
2. Bound books or Codex
- With the invention of paper, record keeping was much easier. It marks the
start of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book. The earlier covers were
made of wax but were later on replaced by animal skin. With the papyrus pages
bound together and covered by animal skin, the ancient roman empire was able
to produce the first book.
3. Roman Numerals
- a number system specifically to address the need for a standard counting
method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns.

F. Chinese Civilization
- It is considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia. AKA the middle kingdom,
China is situated on the far east of Asia.
1. Silk
- the Chinese were the ones who developed the technology to harvest the silk
and process it to produce paper and clothing. Silk production resulted in the
creation of a product for trade, which opens china to the outside world, making
way for cultural, economic, and scientific changes.
2. Tea Production
- It was believed that the first tea was drunk by a Chinese emperor. Tea
production was developed when an unknown Chinese inventor created a
machine that was able to shred tea leaves into strips.
3. Great Wall of China
- It is said to be the largest and most extensive infrastructure that the nation
has built. The wall’s construction put the nation among the powerful civilizations
during ancient times.
4. Gun Powder
- a black powder from the mixture of charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate that
could generate large amount of heat and gas in an instant. It is widely used to
propel bullets from guns and cannons which caused countless death.
Additionally, gun powder is also used in fireworks during important celebrations
in china.

MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
The start of this period was marred by massive invasions and migrations. Wars
were prevalent thus, great technology was needed in the fields of weaponry,
navigation, mass production of food and farm, and health.
1. Printing Press

Page 4 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

- After the Chinese developed woodblock printing, Johann Gutenberg was able
to invent the printing press, a more reliable way of printing using a cast type.

2. Microscope
- Zacharias Janssen developed the first compound microscope. The microscope
was the key in discovering new means in preventing and curing various illnesses.
3. Telescope
- the invention of the telescope helps in the observation of remote objects, was
a great help for navigators.
4. War Weapons
- For open-area battles, people developed cross bows and long bows so that
they could attack the enemies at long ranges. Additionally, in close-range hand-
to-hand combat, soldiers should wear armors, a need address by the creation of
iron body armors. However, body armors were heavy so it leads to the invention
of the chainmail.

MODERN TIMES
Nineteenth century onwards demanded more goods production at a faster rate,
efficient means of transportation and easier means of communication. All these
needs resulted in the development of industries. Conversely, due to massive
industrialization, the modern times again faced more complicated problems.
Food processing and medicine posed some of the bigger challenges since was
of great concern.
1. Pasteurization
- Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist, invented
pasteurization, the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria
that allow them to spoil faster. Other contributions of Pasteur include his work
on molecular asymmetry, fermentation, and vaccination.
2. Petroleum Refinery
- Samuel M. Kier invent kerosene by refining petroleum. Kerosene was referred
to as “illuminating oil” because it was used at first to provide lighting to homes.
After some time, it was applied for heating purposes. Now, petroleum is widely
used in powering automobiles, factories, and power plants.
3. Telephone
- Development of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell was one of the most
important invention of modern time.
4. Calculator
- The creation of modern calculator did not only pave the way for easier
arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in the development of more complex
processing machine like the computer.

Page 5 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS

1. Salamander Amphibious Tricycle

- H2O Technologies headed by Dominic N. Chung and Lamberto Armada,
together with Chief Designer Victor “Atoy” Llave invent the Salamander, an
amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and
lakes.

2. Salt lamp
- Aisa Mijeno was able to invent a lighting system that utilizes a salt water. The
SALt (Sustainable Alternative Lighting) lamp is safer as it poses no risk of fire
and emits no toxic gas.

3. Medical Incubator
- Dr. Fe Del Mundo, a Filipino pediatrician and the first Asian woman admitted
into Harvard Medical School, devised a medical incubator made from indigenous
and cheap materials which did not run on electricity. Her incubator was made by
placing a native laundry basket inside a bigger one. Hot water bottles were inserted
between the basket to provide warmth and a makeshift hood to allow oxygen
circulation. Other contributions of Dr. Del Mundo includes her works on the
immunization and treatment of jaundice and the BRAT diet for curing diarrhea.

4. Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System

- In 2010, the DOST -ITDI (Department of science and Technology-Industrial
Technology Development introduce the Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System,
AKA OL Trap. It is a trap system that is made of natural ingredients that are lethal
to moszquitos but safe to humans.

5. EJeepney
- This modern type of transportation utilizes electricity instead of the more
expensive diesel. It is environmental friendly since it does not emit any smoke and
noise.

Desired Activity:
Activity 01-A: MORSE TYPE:
Instruction: Write;
A. If only the 1st statement is true
B. If only the 2nd statement is true
C. If both statements are true
D. If both statements are false

Page 6 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

1. A. Fermentation is the process of heating dairy products to kill possible

pathogenic microorganisms.
B. Pasteurization is a process of immunization.
2. A. Hieroglyphics was developed by Sumerians.
B. Cuneiform was developed by Mesopotamians.
3. A. Pasteurization was developed during modern period.
B. Printing press was developed during the medieval age.
4. A. Salamander Amphibious Tricycle was developed to lessen environmental
problems such as air pollution.
B. Ejeepney was designed to cater problems relating to flood.
5. A. Medical incubator was originally made by Aisa Mijeno
B. Mosquito-larval trap is administered by DOST and a partner institution.
6. A. SALt stands for Sustainable Alternating Lighting lamp.
B. SALt was developed by Ainah Mijeno.
7. A. Paper was processed from a plant called reed.
B. Paper was a contribution from Sumerian civilization.
8. A. Reed was used in producing sunbaked bricks.
B. Bricks were essential in the construction of ancient infrastructure.
9. A. Knowledge derived from science leads to products, which are often referred
to as technology.
B. Science, technology, and society are intricately linked.
10. A. Alexander not so great develop the telephone.
B. Alexander Graham Bell developed the first telescope.

Activity 01-B: Word Bank

Instruction: Define the following terms according to your “own understanding”.

1. Science

2. Technology

3. Society

4. Environment

5. Interaction

Page 7 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

Activity 01-C: Shape up Your Mind

Instruction: Enumerate the key themes during the following period.

1. Ancient Age of Science and Technology

Key themes”
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________________
e. _____________________________________________________________

2. Middle Age of Science and Technology

Key Themes:
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________________
e. _____________________________________________________________

3. Modern Age of Science and Technology

Key themes:
a.______________________________________________________________
b.______________________________________________________________
c.______________________________________________________________
d.______________________________________________________________
e.______________________________________________________________

REFERENCES:

 Bueno, David Cababaro. Science, Technology, and Society. Mandaluyong City:

Books Atbp. Publishing Corp., 2019.
 Ariola, Mariano M. Science, Technology, and Society. Manila: Unlimited Books
Library Services & Publishing INC., 2018
 McNamara, D.G., Valverde, V.M., and Ramon Beleno III, 2018. Science
Technology and Society

Page 8 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

(PRELIM)
Name of Student: ____________________________ Year/Section:
___________________
Subject: Science, Technology, and Society Teacher:
________________________
MODULE No. M-02
TITLE: Topic 02:
Intellectual revolutions that defined society
Overview/
Introduction: Intellectual revolutions

The period of advancements in science and technology that

changed people’s perceptions and beliefs.

Scientific Revolution was the period of enlightenment when the

developments in the field of mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society about the
nature. It explained the emergence or birth of modern science as
a result of these developments from the discipline mentioned.

Scientific revolution is very significant in the development of

human beings, transformation of the society and in formulation of
scientific ideas. In many ways, scientific revolution transformed the
natural world and the world of ideas.

Learning At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
Objectives: A. articulate ways by which society is transformed by science
and technology; and
B. analyze the concepts or ideas proposed by the intellectual
thinkers in the field of society.

Discussion/Analysis:
(M02 - Student Handout)

Scientists in all periods of time are driven by their curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity to
explore the physical and the natural world. Their love for science is driven by their deep passion
to know and to discover.

Page 9 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

A. Copernican Revolution (16th century)

Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who proposed the heliocentric system that
the planets orbit around the Sun; that the Earth is a planet which, besides orbiting the
Sun annually, also turns once daily on its own axis; and that very slow changes in the
direction of this axis account for the precession of the equinoxes.

*Geocentrism=>concept wherein the Earth was at the center of the solar system
-Nicolaus Copernicus, polish mathematician and astronomer, challenged the Ptolemy
model. He stated that “the sun as at the center of the solar system”

*Heliocentrism=>concept wherein the sun was at the center of the solar system

B. Darwinian Revolution (1859)

Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who developed a

theory of evolution based on natural select. He is famous for
his theory of evolution. He published his book The Origin of
Species in 1589. His book The Descent of Man was so
impressive yet so controversial. He introduced all organic life,
including human beings, under the realm of evolutionary
thinking.

Theory of Evolution

Darwin’s theory of evolution declared that species survived through a process called
"natural selection," where those that successfully adapted or evolved to meet the
changing requirements of their natural habitat thrived and reproduced, while those
species that failed to evolve and reproduce died off. Darwin’s theory of evolution and
the process of natural selection later became known simply as “Darwinism.” At the
time, other naturalists believed that all species either came into being at the start of
the world or were created over the course of natural history. In either case, they
believed species remained much the same throughout time.

Click the link for further reading:

Charles Darwin: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/charles-darwin/

C. Freudian Revolution (19th century)

Page 10 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

Sigmund Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a

method for treating mental illness and also a theory which
explains human behavior. Freud believed that events in our
childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our
personality. For example, anxiety originating from traumatic
experiences in a person's past is hidden from consciousness, and
may cause problems during adulthood (in the form of neuroses).

Thus, when we explain our behavior to us or others (conscious mental

activity), us rarely give a true account of our motivation. This is not because we are
deliberately lying. While human beings are great deceivers of others; they are even
more adept at self-deception.
Freud also made a significant contribution in the scientific world through the
development of an important observational method to gather reliable data to study
human’s inner life. This method is called psychoanalysis which means a scientific way
to study the human mind and neurotic illness.

Click the link for further reading:

Sigmund Freud: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud

Three Structures of Personality

1. The ID is the animalistic nature of man – the MAKAHAYOP personality. It is

destructive and pleasure-seeking structure of personality. It is where the sex
urge (libido) is present.

2. The EGO (self) is the human nature of man – the MAKATAO. It builds; it acts
according to laws and morals. It is bound by limits of reality. The ego controls
the ID and acts as mediator between the superego and ID.

3. The SUPER EGO is the MAKA-DIYOS. It strives for perfection. It is always to be

good and honorable. When the ID and ego are in conflict, the super ego tries to
compromise between the ID and the ego (Myers).

Page 11 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

Desired Activity:
Activity 01-A: Shape Up your Mind

1. Why were Darwin’s ideas so important in science and technology?

2. How influential are Freud’s ideas in today’s society?

3. React to the following statements’

a. The theory of evolution is pervasive in our present society.

b. Catholic teachings were based on the theory that the universe was earth
centered.

Activity 01-B: IDENTIFICATION

Instruction: Identify what level of personality is exemplified in the following
situations.
Write; I-id E-ego SE- super ego

1. A hungry baby cried until he was fed.

2. Jane was so sweaty after her workout that she wanted to change her clothes
right there by the car. However, she knew that other people around her would
not approve, so she waited until she was in the restroom to change.
3. Sarah knew that she could steal the supplies from work and no one would know
about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take
anything even though she would probably never get caught.
4. Mike saw a ₱500 bill fall out of Nick’s backpack as he pulled his books out of his
locker. As Nick walked away, Michael bent over, picked up the money, and
slipped it into his pocket, glancing around to make sure no one was looking.
5. Tim really wanted to slug Mark for what he had just said. However, Tim knew if
he hit Mark, he would be kicked off the basketball team, and since he loved
basketball, he unclenched his fists and walked away.
6. On the playground, two kids were making fun of Joseph because he wore
glasses. John was tempted to join in so that he could make himself look good,
but when he thought about how bad Joseph must already feel, he knew that he
couldn’t.
7. Mae really wanted to borrow her mom’s necklace, but knew her mom would be
angry if she took it without asking, so she asked her mom if she could wear it.
8. Mark was stuck in traffic. He just wanted his vehicle to move! Enraged at the
situation, Mark pulled his car onto the shoulder and sped forward, not caring

Page 12 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

that he was clipping people’s side mirrors as he tried to get ahead of the cars in
front of him.
9. A toddler who wanted another helping of dessert whined incessantly until she
was given another serving.
10. Lyn was thirsty. Rather than waiting for the server to refill her glass of water,
she reached across the table and drank from Mae’s water glass, much to her
surprise.

Activity 01-C: Posting Image

Instruction: Post/mount images inside the prepared boxes and put captions below
them.

Copernicus Darwin Freud

___________________ __________________ ___________________

REFERENCES:

 Bueno, David Cababaro. Science, Technology, and Society. Mandaluyong City:

Books Atbp. Publishing Corp., 2019.
 Ariola, Mariano M. Science, Technology, and Society. Manila: Unlimited Books
Library Services & Publishing INC., 2018
 McNamara, D.G., Valverde, V.M., and Ramon Beleno III, 2018. Science
Technology and Society

Page 13 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

(PRELIM)
Name of Student:____________________________
Year/Section:___________________
Subject: Science, Technology, and Society Teacher:
________________________

MODULE No. M-03

TITLE: Topic 03: Science and Technology and Nation
Building
Overview/ Technology is always linked with development phase.
Introduction: Technology occurs where there is advancement in science.
Every individual expects development in every nation in all
aspects. Thus, for developmentto happen, science and
technology must go together.

Barangays are developed into towns and towns to cities

and cities are expanding to greater solutions. This
expansion has occurred through the expansion of science
and technology over the years passed and will be more in
coming years.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
A. discuss the role of Science and Technology in
Philippine nation building
B. evaluate government policies pertaining to science
and technology in terms of their contributions to
nation building
C. identify actual science and technology policies of
the government and appraise their impact on the
development of the Filipino nation
Discussion/Analysis:
(STS M03 -Students Handout)
The development of the science and technology that affect the development
of the Philippines as a nation.
A. Pre-Colonial Period
>Filipino settlers were already using certain plants and herbs as medicine.
Systems of farming and animal raising were also implemented. In addition,
early filipino had already developed different modes of transportation
(terrestrial or maritime).

Page 14 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

>complicated engineering feat was achieved by natives of Cordilleras when

they built the rice terraces by hand. Through this terraces, the people were
able to cultivate crops on the mountain sides in cold temperatures.
B. Colonial Period
>Walls, roads, bridges, and other large infrastructures were built using some
of the engineering skills and tools brought by Spaniards
>American occupation established government agencies, the Bureau of
Science, for sole purpose of nurturing development in the field of science
and technology.
C. Post-Colonial Period
>period of independence from the colonizers
>the Philippines, under different admirations, continued to pursue programs
in science and technology. Each leadership has its own science and
technology agenda.
Eg. Former president dictator Ferdinand Marcos
-under his term many agencies in science and technology were
established and strengthen including: Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), National Academy of Science
and Technology (NAST), National Science and Technology Authority/ National
Science and Development Board (1958) (now it is known as Department of
Science and Technology)
-he realized that the key to nation-building is the continued development of science
and technology

Page 15 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

Desired Activity:

Activity 01-B: Questions For Reflection

Instruction:. Answer the following questions concisely. [Highest possible score is 10
points per item (Content-5, Organization-3, Grammar-2)]

1. Is the Philippines today (2020) lagging behind Asian countries in Science and
Mathematics? Support your answer.

2. Why is science education not being given much importance in (a) schools and
(b) by the government? Explain your reason.

3. Compare science and technology in developing and developed countries along:

a. S&T skills
b. Materials and equipment
c. Curriculum and teaching methodology
d. Budgetary allocations and financial assistance
e. Training activities

Activity 01-C: Essay.

Instruction:. Write an essay consisting of 200-300 words.

Title: “The present Status of Science and Technology in the

Philippines.”
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Page 16 of 17
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
(Formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________

REFERENCES:
 Government Documents: 1. NEDA. National Development Agenda; Regional
Agenda
 Bueno, David Cababaro. Science, Technology, and Society. Mandaluyong City:
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp., 2019.
 Ariola, Mariano M. Science, Technology, and Society. Manila: Unlimited Books
Library Services & Publishing INC., 2018
 McNamara, D.G., Valverde, V.M., and Ramon Beleno III, 2018. Science
Technology and Society

Page 17 of 17