Defence Ministry

After independence, the Ministry of Defence was created under the charge of a Cabinet Minister and each
Service was placed under its own Commander-in-Chief.

In 1955, the Commanders-in-Chief were renamed as the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff and
the Chief of the Air Staff.

In November 1962, the Department of Defence Production was set up to deal with research, development and
production of defence equipment.

In November, 1965, the Department of Defence Supplies was created for planning and execution of schemes for
import substitution of defence requirements. These two Departments were later merged to form the
Department of Defence Production and Supplies. In 2004, the name of Department of Defence Production and
Supplies was changed to Department of Defence Production.

In 1980, the Department of Defence Research and Development was created. In 2004, the Department of Ex-
Servicemen Welfare was created.
 Defence Ministry

Department of Military Affairs – Formed on 1st January 2020

Headed by - Chief of Defence Staff
Department of Military Affairs (DMA) is the department in charge of military matters within
the Indian Ministry of Defence.
The Department of Defence - The Department of Defence is mandated with Defence of India including defence policy. It deals
with Inter-Services Organizations, Defence Accounts Department, Coast Guard, National Cadet Corps, Border Roads
Organisation, Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, National Defence College etc. It is responsible for the Defence
Budget, defence lands and cantonments, matters relating to Parliament, and defence cooperation with foreign countries.

The Department of Defence Production - The Department of Defence Production is headed by a Secretary and deals with
matters pertaining to defence production, indigenisation of imported stores, equipment and spares, planning and control of
departmental production units of the Ordnance Factory Board and Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).

The Department of Defence Research and Development - The Department of Defence Research and Development is headed
by a Secretary. Its function is to advise the Government on scientific aspects of military equipment and logistics and the
formulation of research, design and development plans for equipment required by the Services.

The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare - The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare is headed by a Secretary and deals
with all resettlement, welfare and pensionary matters of Ex-Servicemen.

The Department of Military Affairs - This Department deals with the Armed Forces of the Union namely, Army, Navy and Air
Force; Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence; the Territorial Army; Works relating to the three services etc. The
Department promotes jointness among the three Services.
 Public Sector Undertakings under Ministry of Defence

Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) - Bengaluru

Bharat Electronics Ltd. (BEL) - Bengaluru

Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. (BEML) - Bengaluru

Bharat Dynamics Ltd. (BDL) - Hyderabad

Mazagaon Docks Ltd. (MDL) - Mumbai

Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd. (GRSE) - Kolkata

Goa Shipyards Ltd. (GSL) - Goa

Hindustan Shipyards Ltd. (HSL) - Visakhapatnam

Mishra Dhatu Nigam Ltd. (MIDHANI) - Hyderabad

Vignyan Industries Ltd. (subsidiary of BEML) - Tarikere, Chikmagalur (Karnataka)
 Indian Navy

The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the Indian Armed Forces.
The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy.

The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy.

In 1793, the British East India Company established its rule over eastern part of
the Indian subcontinent i.e. Bengal, but it was not until 1830 that the colonial
navy was titled as His Majesty's Indian Navy. When India became a republic in
1950, the Royal Indian Navy as it had been named since 1934 was renamed to
Indian Navy.
 The primary objective of the navy is to safeguard the nation's
maritime borders, and in conjunction with other Armed Forces of the
union, act to deter or defeat any threats or aggression against the
territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and
peace.

Through joint exercises, goodwill visits and humanitarian missions,

including disaster relief, Indian Navy promotes bilateral relations
between nations.
 Navy Day in India is celebrated on 4 December every year to
recognize the achievements and role of the Indian Navy to the
country. 4 December was chosen as on that day in 1971, during
Operation Trident, the Indian Navy sank four Pakistani vessels
including PNS Khaibar, killing hundreds of Pakistani Navy personnel.

The submarine day is celebrated on the 08th Dec every year to mark
the birth of the Indian Navy's Submarine Arm with the
commissioning of its first submarine, erstwhile INS Kalvari on 08 Dec
1967
 Motto - शं नो वरुणः (Sanskrit)
Shaṁ No Varunaḥ
'May the Lord of Water be auspicious unto us’

Recruitment:
Indian Navy – An Ocean of Opportunities
Field marshal is a five–star general officer rank and the highest attainable rank
in the Indian Army.

Field marshal is ranked immediately above general, but not exercised in the
regular army structure.

It is a largely ceremonial or wartime rank, having been awarded only twice.

Sam Manekshaw was the first field marshal of India, and was conferred the
rank on 1 January 1973. The second was K M Cariappa, who was conferred the
rank on 15 January 1986.
Field marshal is equivalent to an admiral of the fleet in the Indian
Navy and a Marshal of the Indian Air Force in the Indian Air Force.

In the navy, admiral of the fleet has never been awarded, but from
the air force, Arjan Singh was promoted to the marshal of the air
force.
 VARUNA French Navy 1983
KONKAN Royal Navy 2004
INDRA Russian Navy 2003
MALABAR US Navy, JMSDF 1992
SIMBEX Singapore Navy 1994
IBSAMAR Brazilian Navy, South African Navy 2008

SITMEX Singapore Navy, Thai Navy 2019

SLINEX Sri Lanka Navy 2012
NASEEM-AL-BAHR Oman Navy 1993
AUSINDEX Australian Navy 2015
JIMEX JMSDF 2012
ZA'IR-AL-BAHR Qatari Navy 2019
SAMUDRA SHAKTI Indonesian Navy 2018
BONGOSAGAR Bangladesh Navy 2019
 Indian Navy has approximate 70,000 active and 60,000 reserve personnel in
service.

1 aircraft carrier – INS Vikramaditya (Purchased from Russia)

INS Vikrant, is an aircraft carrier being constructed by Cochin Shipyard in Kochi,

Kerala for the Indian Navy. It is the first aircraft carrier to be built in India.

INS Vishal, also known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 2 (IAC-2), is a planned

aircraft carrier to be built by Cochin Shipyard Limited for the Indian Navy.

(INS Vikrant originally HMS Hermes of United Kingdom was the first aircraft
carrier of the Indian Navy. She was decommissioned in 1997 and sold for ship-
breaking in 2014)
 Indian Navy Training Establishments

Indian Naval Academy - Ezhimala (Kerala)

INS Chilka - Khurda (Odisha)
INS Shivaji - Lonavala (Maharashtra)
INS Valsura - Jamnagar (Gujarat)
INS Hamla - Mumbai
INS Kunjali - Mumbai
INS Agrani - Coimbatore
INS Garuda - Kochi (Kerala)
INS Dronacharya - Kochi (Kerala)
 Indian Army

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the
Indian Armed Forces.

The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army

and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four-star
general.

Two officers have been conferred with the rank of field marshal, a five-star
rank, which is a ceremonial position of great honour.
Sam Manekshaw, K M Cariappa
The Indian Army originated from the armies of the East India Company, which
eventually became the British Indian Army, and the armies of the princely
states, which were merged into the national army after independence.

The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national security and
national unity, to defend the nation from external aggression and internal
threats, and to maintain peace and security within its borders.
It conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other
disturbances.

The army has been involved in four wars with neighbouring Pakistan
(1947,1965,1971,1999) and one with China (1962).
 Other major operations undertaken by the army include Operation
Vijay, Operation Meghdoot, and Operation Cactus.

The army has conducted large peace time exercises and it has also
been an active participant in numerous United Nations peacekeeping
missions, including those in Cyprus, Lebanon, Congo, Angola,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Namibia, El Salvador, Liberia, Mozambique,
South Sudan, and Somalia.
 The Indian Army is operationally and
geographically divided into seven commands

Western Command - HQ Chandimandir

Eastern Command - HQ Kolkata
Northern Command - HQ Udhampur
Southern Command - HQ Pune
Central Command – HQ Lucknow
Army Training Command - HQ Shimla
South-Western Command - HQ Jaipur

Army has approximate 13 lakh active troops and 10 lakh reserve troops.
In any command army is organized in 7 parts whose details are given
below:

1. Section: The smallest unit of the army is called "section", it

contains 10-12 soldiers.

2. Platoon: It consists 4 sections.

3. Company: It consists 4 platoons. Its Chief is called the company

commander.

4. Battalion: Its Chief is called Colonel.

 5. Brigade: Its Chief is called Brigadier.

6. Division: Its Chief is called Major General.

7. Corps: Its Chief is called Lieutenant General.

Motto - सेवा परमो धममः
(Sanskrit)
"Sewa Paramo Dharma"
 Important Training institutes of Indian Army

National Defence Academy, Khadakvasla, Pune

Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune
Indian Military Academy, Dehradun
Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh
College of Military Engineering (CME), Pune
National Defence University - Gurgaon, Haryana
Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune
Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses - New Delhi
Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare (CIJW) School, Vairengte
High Altitude Warfare School - Gulmarg
List of exercises of the Indian Army

Yudh Abhyas – USA

Nomadic Elephant – Mongolia
Indra – Russia
Hand in Hand – China

Maitree – Thailand
Ekuverin - Maldives
Surya Kiran - Nepal
Ajeya Warrior - United Kingdom

Shakti - France
Sampriti - Bangladesh
List of exercises of the Indian Army

Bold Kurukshetra - Singapore

Prabal Dostyk - Kazakhstan
Garud Shakti - Indonesia

Nomadic Elephant - Mongolia

Al Nagah-Ii - Oman
Harimau Shakti - Malaysia

Dharma Guardian - Japan

Khanjar - Kyrgyzstan
Lamitye - Seychelles
Common places where exercises take place of Indian Army

Aundh Military station, Pune

Umroi, Meghalaya

Babina Military station, Jhansi

Vairengte, Mizoram
Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh

Mahajan firing range, Bikaner, Rajasthan

Chaubatia, Almora, Uttarakhand

Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand
 Army Day (Jan15) - This day commemorates KM Cariappa taking over as the
first Commander-in-chief of the Indian Army from General Francis Butcher, in
1949.

Armed Forces Flag Day (Dec 7) - Celebrated on this date annually since 1949,
the day is dedicated to collection of funds from the people of India for the
welfare of the personnel of the Indian Armed Forces.

Armed Forces Veterans Day (Jan 14) - Observed each year ever since 2017 on
14th January as a mark of respect and recognition of the services rendered by
Field Marshal KM Cariappa OBE – the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the
Indian Armed Forces who retired on 14 Jan 1953
Kargil Vijay Diwas is observed in India on the 26th of July. On this date in 1999
India successfully took command of the high outposts.

Vijay Diwas (Dec 16): On this day in 1971, the India-Pakistan war came to an
end in less than two weeks, with over 93,000 soldiers of the Pakistan Army
surrendering to India. The independent state of Bangladesh was born.
 MARCOS

The Marine Commando Force (MCF), also known as MARCOS, is a special

operations unit that was raised by the Indian Navy in 1987 for Amphibious
warfare, Close Quarter Combat Counter-terrorism, Direct action, Special
reconnaissance, Unconventional warfare, Hostage rescue, Personnel recovery,
Combat search and rescue.

They are also actively deployed on anti-piracy operations throughout the year.
 Indian Air Force

It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British
Empire which honoured India's aviation service during World War II with the prefix
Royal.

After India gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the name Royal
Indian Air Force was kept and served in the name of Dominion of India. With the
government's transition to a Republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed.

The President of India holds the rank of Supreme Commander of the IAF.

Approximate strength – 1.5 Lakh

The Chief of Air Staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for
the bulk of operational command of the Air Force. There is never more than one
serving ACM at any given time in the IAF. The rank of Marshal of the Air Force has
been conferred by the President of India on one occasion in history, to Arjan Singh.
Motto - नभः स्पृशं दीप्तम्
(Sanskrit)
Touch the sky with Glory
Since 1950 the IAF has been involved in four wars with neighbouring
Pakistan and one with the People's Republic of China.

Major operations undertaken by the IAF include

Operation Vijay
Operation Meghdoot
Operation Cactus
Operation Poomalai
 Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, was an officer of the Indian Air
Force.

He was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest

military decoration during war time, in recognition of his lone defence of
Srinagar Air Base against a PAF air raid during the Indo-Pakistani War of
1971. He is the only member of the Indian Air Force to be honoured with
the PVC.
 The Indian Air Force is divided into

five operational
And
two functional commands

The purpose of an operational command is to conduct military operations

using aircraft within its area of responsibility, whereas the responsibility of
functional commands is to maintain combat readiness.
 Central Air Command (CAC) - HQ Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh

Eastern Air Command (EAC) - HQ Shillong, Meghalaya

Southern Air Command (SAC) - HQ Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

South Western Air Command (SWAC) - HQ Gandhinagar, Gujarat

Western Air Command (WAC) - HQ New Delhi

Training Command (TC) + - HQ Bangalore, Karnataka

Maintenance Command (MC)+ - HQ Nagpur, Maharashtra

Aside from the Training Command at Bangalore, the primary flight training
is done at the Air Force Academy (located in Hyderabad), followed by
operational training at various other schools.

Specialised advanced flight training schools are located at Bidar, Karnataka

and Hakimpet, Telangana (also the location for helicopter training).
 The Garuda Commando Force is the special forces unit of the Indian Air
Force. It was formed in September 2004 and has a current strength of over
1500 personnel.
The unit derives its name from Garuda, a divine bird-like creature in
Hinduism. Garud is tasked with the protection of critical Air Force bases
and installations; search and rescue during peace and hostilities and
disaster relief during calamities.
List of exercises of the Indian Air Force

Cope India - United States

Garuda – France
Indradhanush - United Kingdom

Eastern Bridge - Oman

Aviaindra – Russia
Shinyuu Maitri – Japan
 Indian Coast Guard

It is a Maritime Law Enforcement and Search and Rescue agency that protects
India's maritime interests and enforces its maritime law, with jurisdiction over
the territorial waters of India, including its contiguous zone and exclusive
economic zone.

The Indian Coast Guard was formally established on 18 August 1978 by the
Coast Guard Act, 1978 of the Parliament of India.

It operates under the Ministry of Defence.

Approximate strength – 15 Thousand

 Indian Coast Guard

Motto – वयं रक्षामः (We Protect)

Governing body - Ministry of Defence
 Central Armed Police Forces

Sometimes referred to as 'Paramilitary Forces’

They are headed by civilian officers from the Indian Police Service and
are under the control of the Ministry of Home Affairs, not the Ministry
of Defence.
The Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) refers to uniform nomenclature of five security forces
in India under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Their role is to defend the national interest mainly against the internal threats.
They are –

Border Security Force (BSF)

Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
National Security Guard (NSG)
Assam Rifles (AR)
 Border Security Force (BSF)

It is India's Primary border guarding organization

on its border with Pakistan and Bangladesh.

It is one of the seven Central Armed Police Forces of India, and was raised
in the wake of the 1965 War on 1 December 1965.

It currently stands as the world's largest border guarding force. BSF has
been termed as the First Line of Defence of Indian Territories.

Approximate strength – 2.5 Lakh

 Border Security Force (BSF)

Motto - जीवन पयमन्त कर्मव्य (Duty Unto Death)

Governing body - Ministry of Home Affairs
 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

India’s largest paramilitary force

The CRPF's primary role lies in assisting the State/Union Territories in

police operations to maintain law and order and counter insurgency.

It came into existence as the Crown Representative's Police on 27 July

1939.
After Indian Independence, it became the Central Reserve Police Force on
enactment of the CRPF Act on 28 December 1949.
 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

Besides law and order and counter-insurgency duties, the CRPF has played
an increasingly large role in India's general elections.

This is especially true for the state of [Jammu and Kashmir (erstwhile
State), Bihar and in the North East, with the presence of unrest and often
violent conflict.

During the Parliamentary elections of September 1999, the CRPF played a

major role in the security arrangements.
 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

Motto - "सेवा और ननष्ठा" Service and Loyalty

Governing body - Ministry of Home Affairs
 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

CISF It was set up under an Act of the Parliament of India on 10 March

1969

Approximate strength is 1.8 Lakh

Among its duties are guarding sensitive governmental buildings, the Delhi
Metro, and providing airport security.
The CISF is governed by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, it is
headquarters are at New Delhi.
 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

The CISF provides security cover to 300 industrial units, government

infrastructure projects and facilities and establishments located all over
India. Industrial sectors like

atomic power plants, space installations, mines, oil fields and refineries,
major ports, heavy engineering, steel plants, barrages, fertiliser units,
airports and hydroelectric/thermal power plants owned and controlled by
Central Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), and currency note presses
producing Indian currency are protected by CISF.
 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

Motto - संरक्षण एवं सुरक्षा (Protection and Security)

Governing body - Ministry of Home Affairs
 Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)

It is India's primary border patrol organization with its border with

China's Tibet Autonomous Region.

Raised on 24 October 1962 in the wake of the Sino-Indian War of

1962.

Approximate strength – 1 Lakh

 Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)

Motto - शौयम – दृढ़र्ा – कमम ननष्ठा

(Valour – Steadfastness and Commitment)
Governing body - Ministry of Home Affairs
 Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

It is a border patrol organization of India deployed along its border

with Nepal and Bhutan.

It is one of the Central Armed Police Forces under the administrative

control of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).

Approximate strength – 1 Lakh

Formed - 20 December 1963

 Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

Motto - सेवा सुरक्षा बंधुत्व (Service, Security and Brotherhood)

Governing body - Ministry of Home Affairs
 National Security Guard (The Black Cats)

It is an elite counter-terrorism unit under the Indian Ministry of Home

Affairs (MHA).

It was founded on 22 September 1986, following Operation Blue Star, the

Golden Temple attack and the assassination of Indira Gandhi, "for
combating terrorist activities and protect states against internal
disturbances".

Approximate strength – 15 Thousand

 National Security Guard

Motto - सवमत्र सवोत्तम सुरक्षा Omnipresent omnipotent security

Governing body - Ministry of Home Affairs
 Assam Rifles

Oldest para-military force of India

Objective - To guard the Indo-Myanmar border and conduct Counter Insurgency

operations in the North East.

The Assam Rifles came into being in 1835, as a militia called the ‘Cachar Levy’, to
primarily protect British Tea estates and their settlements against tribal raids.

Approximate strength – 65 Thousand

 Assam Rifles

Motto – कर्मव्यम सवोत्तम

नार्म ईस्ट के प्रहरी Sentinels of the North East

Governing body - Ministry of Home Affairs