Pre Lab Sieve Distillation Column 1

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR
Department of chemical Engineering
Transport phenomena pre lab-3

II YEAR, SEMESTER-5
EXPERIMENT#1
Sieve plat distillation column
INSTRUCTUR
Mrs. nandana chakinala
NAME-Amoluck Bhatia
ID-209101001
DATE OF EXPERIMENT-31/08/2022
AIM
To find the number of theoretical stages in a Sieve Plate Distillation and
calculate the overall efficiency in a sieve plate distillation column.
THEORY
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which
depends upon the distribution of the substances between a gas and a liquid
phase. It is called as ‘the workhorse of chemical industries.
The basic requirement for separation is that the vapor phase composition must
be different from that of the composition of the liquid phase. Distillation
mainly involves vapor liquid equilibrium. Vapours are formed in a reboiler and
rise in the column. Feed is supplied in the middle, separating the column in
enriching/rectifying section and stripping/exhausting section.
The vapor is condensed at the top and is converted into liquid. The purpose of
distillation is to get more volatile component at the top and less volatile
component at the bottom. An intimate contact between the liquid and vapor
phase occurs on a tray, facilitating rapid exchange of mass between them.
Transport of more volatile component occurs from liquid to vapor phase while
transport of less volatile component occurs from vapor to liquid phase. Thus,
distillation column involves counter-diffusion of components (not necessarily
equimolar).
A typical distillation column looks like this-
1.Enriching Section: Vapor rising in the section above the feed is washed
with the liquid that is being recycled. The liquid coming from the condenser is
leaner, less volatile as compared to the vapor rising. This causes mass transfer
of less volatile component from the vapor to the liquid phase and vapor phase
becomes richer in more volatile component.
2. Stripping Section: In the section below the feed, the liquid is being
stripped off more volatile component by the vapor produced at the bottom.
Liquid (coming from feed + condenser) has more volatile component and
hence is stripped off by the vapor. Thus, liquid now will contain less volatile
component in more quantity.
3. Feed Entry: Generally, it is the feed entry point that divides the column
into rectifying section and stripping section. Feed should be introduced at a
plate where operating line for enriching section cuts the operating line of the
stripping section because this results in a minimum number of trays. Feed
should be added at a point where its addition does not make large changes in
the concentration. It should be added at a point where streams concentration
matches with the feed concentration.
4. Reflux: After the vapor from top section is condensed, some of it is sent
back to the column and the rest is obtained a distillate. Reflux is the most
important variable that is responsible for the high purity of the product.
Without reflux, there will be no enrichment of vapor for top section and of
liquid for bottom section. More the reflux more is the purity of the distillate
obtained.
5. Reflux Ratio: Reflux ratio is the ratio of the amount of the condensed
vapor which is recycled back to the column to the amount of distillate
withdrawn. The reflux ratio decides how far or close the operating line is from
the equilibrium curve. As the reflux ratio increases, the operating line moves
away from the equilibrium curve and number of stages decreases .
Total Reflux Ratio:

At total reflux, minimum number of trays is required. This happens when the
entire condensate is recycled back to the column, the complete liquid is
reboiled (no product withdrawn) and the feed is completely stopped.
Minimum number of stages results when the operating line is at 45 ̊ diagonal
line. Reflux ratio is infinite. Distillate obtained is pure more volatile component
and residue is pure less volatile component.
CALCULATION
Distillate R.I Residue R.I
Refractive Index of Distillate =
Refractive Index of Residue =
Experimental number of stages =
Number of stages from graph ≈
Actual number of stages = 3 + 1 = 4 (+1 for reboiler)
Experimental number of stages =
Overall Efficiency = Experimental number of stages /Actual number of stages
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Materials
1) 15liter water-methanol mixture with 30% methanol by weight
2) Pure methanol
3) Pure water
Apparatus
1) Sieve plate Distillation Column
2) measuring vials
3) Stopwatch
4) Refractometer
5) Dropper
Figure I show the experimental setup of Sieve Plate Distillation Column. It is
made of Stainless-Steel material with seven sieve trays. An electrically heated
reboiler is installed at the bottom of the column. The vapours from the top of
column are condensed in a condenser by cooling water. The condensate is
divided into reflux and distillate by automatic reflux divider and RID ratio can
be varied. Reflux is fed back to the column and distillate is received in a
receiving tank. A rotameter (LPH) measures the flow rate of the cooling water
flowing through the condenser. A pressure gauge indicates the pressure in the
reboiler. A relief valve is situated on the reboiler to release excess pressure.
Various thermocouples are situated to measure the temperatures. The
complete column is insulated for minimizing the heat loss.

Pre Lab Sieve Distillation Column 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pre Lab Sieve Distillation Column 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pre Lab Sieve Distillation Column 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR

Department of chemical Engineering

Transport phenomena pre lab-3

Total Reflux Ratio:

Refractive Index of Residue =

Experimental number of stages =

Number of stages from graph ≈

Actual number of stages = 3 + 1 = 4 (+1 for reboiler)

Experimental number of stages =

Overall Efficiency = Experimental number of stages /Actual number of stages

You might also like