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    Hoang Ha
    The document summarizes an experiment to measure the magnetic field inside a solenoid with finite length. Key points: 1) The magnetic field inside an infinite solenoid is uniform, but a finite solenoid's field is weaker and non-uniform. 2) An experiment was conducted using a solenoid, power supply, ammeter, and teslameter to probe the magnetic field. 3) Measurements were made of the field strength at different positions along the solenoid's axis, for different currents, and compared to theoretical values to validate predictions for finite solenoids.

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    Ex 2

    Uploaded by

    Hoang Ha
    70 views4 pages
    The document summarizes an experiment to measure the magnetic field inside a solenoid with finite length. Key points: 1) The magnetic field inside an infinite solenoid is uniform, but a finite solenoid's field is weaker and non-uniform. 2) An experiment was conducted using a solenoid, power supply, ammeter, and teslameter to probe the magnetic field. 3) Measurements were made of the field strength at different positions along the solenoid's axis, for different currents, and compared to theoretical values to validate predictions for finite solenoids.

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    The document summarizes an experiment to measure the magnetic field inside a solenoid with finite length. Key points: 1) The magnetic field inside an infinite solenoid is uniform, but a finite solenoid's field is weaker and non-uniform. 2) An experiment was conducted using a solenoid, power supply, ammeter, and teslameter to probe the magnetic field. 3) Measurements were made of the field strength at different positions along the solenoid's axis, for different currents, and compared to theoretical values to validate predictions for finite solenoids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    70 views4 pages

    Ex 2

    Uploaded by

    Hoang Ha
    The document summarizes an experiment to measure the magnetic field inside a solenoid with finite length. Key points: 1) The magnetic field inside an infinite solenoid is uniform, but a finite solenoid's field is weaker and non-uniform. 2) An experiment was conducted using a solenoid, power supply, ammeter, and teslameter to probe the magnetic field. 3) Measurements were made of the field strength at different positions along the solenoid's axis, for different currents, and compared to theoretical values to validate predictions for finite solenoids.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Experiment 2

    Measurement of magnetic field inside a solenoid


    with finite length
    1. Background
    r
    According to the Biot-Savard-Laplace’s law, magnetic field B produced on the axis of a
    current-carrying loop (Fig. 1) is determined as follows:
    2πR 2πR
    μ μ I sin γdl μ 0 μ r IR μ 0 μ r IR 2
    B= 0 r
    4π ∫
    0 r2
    =
    4π ∫0 r3
    dl =
    2
    . 3
    r
    (1)

    Fig.1. Magnetic field produced on the axis of a current-carrying coil.

    A solenoid consists of a helical winding of wire on a cylinder, usually circular in cross section.
    There can be hundreds or thousands of closely spaced turns, each of which can be regarded as a
    circular loop (Fig.2a). Inside solenoid, the field lines are considered to be uniformly spaced as
    shown in Fig.2b.

    n turns of wire

    r
    B = const

    (a) (b)

    Fig.2. Typical solenoid (a) and magnetic field lines produced by the currents in it (b)

    Exact calculations for a long, closely wound solenoid, half of these field lines emerge from the
    ends and half ''leak out" through the windings between the center and the ends. Because all
    turns carry the same current I. then, the total B field at every point is the vector sum of the fields
    caused by the individual turns. For a unit of length of solenoid ds with n turns (Fig.3), we
    have:
    μ0 μr R 2
    dB = .I .n.ds (2)
    r3 2
    dγ
    It can be seen that s = R.cotgγ or ds = + R 2 and sinγ = R/r
    sin γ

    Fig.3. The way to calculate the magnetic field at a point inside a finite solenoid

    μ0 μr
    Hence: dB = + I .n. sin γdγ
    2
    Using Ampere's law, the magnetic field B produced by a finite solenoid with length L at
    point A as shown in Fig.3 would be:
    γ2
    μ0μr μ0μr
    B= I .n.0 ∫ sinγdγ = I.n0 (cosγ1 − cosγ 2 ) (3)
    2 γ1 2
    n
    where n 0 = is number of turns per unit length.
    Lr
    For a solenoid with infinitely length, i.e., γ1 = 0, γ2 = π, the magnetic filed becomes:
    B = μ0.μr.I.n0 (4)
    It can be seen that magnetic field produced by a finite coil is smaller than that by an
    infinite one. Clearly, the magnetic field inside is homogeneous and its strength does not
    depend on the distance from the axis. This last result, which holds strictly true only near
    the centre of the solenoid where the field lines are parallel to its length, is most important.

    2. Experiment

    2.1 Experimental apparatus

    The equipments used for the measurement are shown in Fig.4. The current from the DC
    power supply flows through a rheostat then through the solenoid. The rheostat is used to
    monitor the magnitude of current, which is read out with an ammeter. The axial
    magnetic-induction probe inside solenoid measures the component of the magnetic field
    along the solenoid symmetry axis. The axial probe can be moved easily along the
    solenoid. The position of the probe is determined using a linear rule attached with the
    probe. The magnetic field is read out with the Teslameter.

    Teslameter Rheostat
    Power
    supplier

    Infinite long solenoid Ammeter

    Fig.4. Experimental apparatus

    2.2 Preparation

    - Using wires to connect the solenoid, rheostat and ammeter together in series following
    the circuit shown in figure 5.
    - Check if the axial probe had connected with Teslameter.

    1 2. 5 Tesla Meter
    VC-8606
    A
    Range
    R
    K

    ~U (50 Hz)

    Fig.5. Layout of measurement circuit


    2.3 Experimental Procedure

    There are three measurements you should make.

    a) Investigation of the magnetic field at the positions along the axis of solenoid - B(x)
    1. Place the axial probe so that one end of solenoid is corresponding to the position 0 of
    the linear rule attached with the probe.
    2. Set the voltage of power supply to 3 V.
    3. Turn on the solenoid power supply and Teslameter. Record the initial value of current
    shown on ammeter and magnetic field shown on Teslameter.
    4. Measure the relationship B(x) by slowly moving the axial probe every 1 cm between 0
    to 30cm.
    Make a data table (denoted table 1) then record the corresponding values of position x
    and magnetic field shown on Teslameter in it.

    b) Measurement of the relationship between the magnetic field and the current
    through the solenoid - B(I)
    1. Place and fix the axial probe at the center of the coil (corresponding to the position of x
    = 15 cm).
    2. Measure the relationship B(I) for several values of power supply from 3V up to 12V.
    Make a data table (denoted table 2) then record the values of current I shown on
    Ampermeter and magnetic field shown on Tesla-meter in this table corresponding to the
    different positions.

    c) Comparison of experimental and theoretical magnetic field


    1. Varying the rheostat so that the value of current shown on ammeter is 0.4 A, then fix
    this current.
    2. Make a data table (denoted table 3) then record the values of the magnetic field shown
    on Tesla-meter in this table corresponding to the different positions axial probe at 0 cm,
    15 cm and 30 cm in it.

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