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TLE
Quarter I – Module 3

Electronic Circuits

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Enumerate and differentiate the different kinds of circuit
relevant to robotics
Describe the operation of each kind of circuit as applied to
robotics

(SSP_TLE-CT9BE-Ib-2.1)
(SSP_TLE-CT9BE-Ib-2.2)

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 Supplementary Learning Module for Junior High School Learners

LESSON - 1

Electronic Circuits

You might have been wondering how charges can

continuously flow in a uniform direction through wires without the
benefit of these hypothetical Sources and Destinations. In order for
the Source-and-Destination scheme to work, both would have to have
an infinite capacity for charges in order to sustain a continuous flow!
But what really a circuit is?
The answer to this paradox is found in the concept of a
circuit: which is a never-ending looped pathway for charge carries. If
we take a wire, or many wires, joined end-to-end, and loop it around so that it forms a continuous
pathway, we have the means to support a uniform flow of charge without having to resort to infinite
Source and Destination.

The topic Electronic Circuit may not be new to you

at all, I guess! You’ve had this topic when you are in your
elementary years, but that’s for a basic understanding of
how electric circuit is applied in our homes and residences.
This time, the topic will not be much more
complicated, as you taught it would be. There may be
some additional topic and concept of electronic circuits as
applied to robotics.
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

• Enumerate the different kinds of circuit.

• Differentiate the different kinds of electronic circuit relevant to robotics
• Describe the operation of each kind of circuit as applied to robotics

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 Preliminary Activity:
Direction: Answer the following questions by selecting the letters of
every correct answer. Accomplish this using you study notebook.

1. Which of the following diagram is considered to be a series circuit?

a. c.

b. d.

2. Which of the following diagram is considered to be a parallel circuit?

a. c.

b. d.

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3. Which of the following diagram is considered to be a series-parallel circuit?

a. c.

b. d.

4. In a DC series circuit, to which direction the current would actually move?

a. In all direction
b. Towards the negative terminal
c. Away from the negative terminal
d. None of it

5. Which of the following represent the components of a process, device, or other object using
abstract, often standardized symbols and lines.
a. Circuit Diagram
b. Schematic Diagram
c. Block Diagram
d. Pictorial Circuit Diagram

6. A fault in one of the components of the series circuit causes hindrance in the operation of a
complete circuit. As against fault in a single component in a parallel circuit network do not hinder
the functioning of another part of the circuit.
a. True
b. False

Hi,
How was the test? I hope you did well, but if not, it’s alright it only
means you have a lot of things to learn, and learning is part of
growing.
Check you answer at the last part of this module, so let’s do it!

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 Electric Circuit, path of electric current. The term is usually taken to
mean a continuous path composed of conductors and conducting
devices and including a source or electromotive force that drives the
current around the circuit. A circuit of this type is termed a close circuit,
and a circuit in which the current path is not continuous is called an open
circuit. A short circuit is a closed circuit in which a direct connection is made,
with no appreciable resistance, inductance, or capacitance, between the terminals of the source of
electromotive force.
Current flows in an electric circuit in accordance with several definite laws. The basic law of
current flow is Ohm’s law, named for its discoverer, the German physicist Georg Ohm. Ohm’s law states
that the amount of current flowing in a circuit made up of pure resistance is directly proportional to the
electromotive force impressed on the circuit and inversely proportional to the total resistance of the
circuit. The law is usually expressed by the formula I = V/R, where I is the current in amperes, V is the
electromotive force in volts, and R is the resistance in ohms (see Electrical Units). Ohm’s law applies to
all electric current for both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), but additional principles
must be invoked for the analysis of complex circuits and for AC circuits also involving inductance and
capacitance.
A series circuit is one in which the devices or elements of the circuit are arranged in such a way
that the entire current (I) passes through each element without division or branching into parallel circuits.

Source: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/5G-networks/Panasonic-to-ramp-up-Chinese-output-of-5G-circuit-board-material

In a parallel circuit, electric devices, such as incandescent lamps or the cells of a battery, are
arranged to allow all positive (+) poles, electrodes, and terminals to be joined to one conductor, and all
negative (-) ones to another conductor, so that each unit is, in effect, on a parallel branch. The value of
two equal resistances in parallel is equal to the half the value of the component resistances, and in every
case the value of resistances in parallel is less than the value of the smallest of the individual resistances
involved. In AC circuits, or circuits with varying currents, circuit components other that resistance must
be considered.

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 Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are
very simple to analyze, but they are not often found in practical
applications. Usually, we find circuits where more that two
components are connected together.

Direction: There are two basic ways in which to connect more than two circuit components: series and
parallel. Illustrate or draw examples of a Series Configuration Circuit, Parallel Configuration Circuit, and a
Series-Parallel Configuration Circuit. Identify its components. Describe, explain and compare the
operation of each circuit. (Do it in a short bond paper 8.5x11 inches). Follow the format below/innovate:

Illustration/Drawing

Materials-Description-Explanation

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 The Basics of Series and Parallel Connections

What is a Series Connection?

The basic idea of a “series” connection is that components are connected end-to-end in a line to
form a single path through which current can flow:

What is a Parallel Connection?

The basic idea of a “parallel” connection, on the other hand, is that all components are
connected across each other’s leads. In a purely parallel circuit, there are never more than two sets of
electrically common points, no matter how many components are connected. There are many paths for
current to flow, but only one voltage across all components.

Series and parallel resistor configurations have very different electrical properties.
Review:
o In a series circuit, all components are connected end-to-end,
forming a single path for current to flow.
o In a parallel circuit, all components are connected across
each other, forming exactly two sets of electrically common
points.
o A “branch” in a parallel circuit is a path for electric current
formed by one of the load components (such as a resistor)

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 Direction:
Answer the following items, accomplish this part and write it in your
notebooks.

1. What is Voltage relevant to a series circuit and a parallel circuit? Explain.

2. What is Current relevant to a series circuit and a parallel circuit? Explain.

3. What is Resistance in relation to a series circuit and a parallel circuit? Explain.

In a series circuit, certain general rules may be stated

with regard to quantities of voltage, current, resistance,
and power.

“In a series circuit, voltage drops add to equal the total.”

“In a series circuit, current is equal through all components.”
“In a series circuit, resistances add to equal the total.”
In a series circuit, power dissipations add to equal the total.”

In a parallel circuit, certain general rules may be stated

with regard to quantities of voltage, current, resistance,
and power.

“In a parallel circuit, voltage is equal across all components.”

“In a parallel circuit, currents add to equal the total.”
“In a parallel circuit, resistances diminish to equal the total.”
“In a parallel circuit, power dissipations add to equal the total.”

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Series-Parallel Circuits

However, if circuit components are series-connected in some parts and parallel in others, we
won’t be able to apply a single set of rules to every part of the circuit. Instead, we will have to identify
which parts of that circuit are series and which are parallel, then selectively apply series and parallel
rules as necessary to determine what is happening. Take the following circuit, for instance:

This circuit is neither simple series nor simple parallel. Rather, it contains elements of both. The
current exits the bottom of the battery splits up to travel through R 3 and R4 rejoins, then splits up again
to travel through R1 and R2, then rejoin again to return to the top of the battery. There exists more than
one path for current to travel (not series), yet there are more than two sets of electrically common
points in the circuit (not parallel).

Because the circuit is a combination of both series and parallel, we cannot apply the rules for
voltage, current, and resistance “across the table” to begin analysis like we could when the circuits were
one way or the other. For instance, if the above circuit were simple series, we could just add up R1
through R4 to arrive at a total resistance, solve for total current, and then solve for all voltage drops.
Likewise, if the above circuit simple parallel, we could just solve for branch currents, add up branch
currents to figure the total current, and then calculate total resistance from total voltage and total
current. However, this circuit’s solution will be more complex.

The table will still help us manage the different values for series-parallel combination circuits,
but we’ll have to be careful how and where we apply the different rules for series and parallel. Ohm’s
Law, of course, still works just the same for determining values within a vertical column in the table.
If we are able to identify which parts of the circuit are series and which parts are parallel, we can
analyze it in stages, approaching each part one at a time, using the appropriate rules to determine the
relationships of voltage, current, and resistance.

Review:
• The rules of series and parallel circuits must be applied selectively to circuits containing
both types of interconnections.
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 Direction: (Must be done in School Premise)
You will be given a material (may be partial or complete) such as
breadboard, LED’s, jumper wires and/or battery. Accomplish the
following problems. Download the simulator named as “circuit-
construction-kit-dc_en.html” from this link
(https://tinyurl.com/y6delxqx). To open the simulator, use a browser ex. Google Chrome.

A. SERIES:
1. Make a series circuit out of the materials you have (supply additional materials if needed). Draw
the schematic diagram of the circuit you have made.

B. PARALLEL:
1. Make a parallel circuit out of the materials you have (supply additional materials if needed). Draw
the schematic diagram of the circuit you have made.

C. SERIES - PARALLEL:
1. Make a series-parallel circuit out of the materials you have (supply additional materials if needed).
Draw the schematic diagram of the circuit you have made.

Note: You may try practicing this activity at home if you already have the materials.

Note:
Before doing this activity, please review what is a
breadboard and how it is used.
Watch the video “How to Use a Breadboard.mp4”
You can view the file using this link:
https://tinyurl.com/y6delxqx

Good luck!

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 Answer the following questions by identifying each item below.
(Copy and answer to your notebooks)

1. An electrical circuit without interruption, providing a continuous path through with a current can
flow. ____________________

2. An electrical circuit that is not complete. ____________________

3. What is the basic law of current? ____________________

4. A German Physicist who discovered the basic law of current. ____________________

5. An electric connection/circuit where components are connected end-to-end in a line to form a

single path through which current can flow. ____________________

6. An electric connection/circuit in which all components are connected across each other forming
exactly two sets of electrically common paints. ____________________

7. Identify which of these circuits is a series circuit (there may be more than one shown!):

8. Most flashlights use multiple 1.5-volt batteries to power a light bulb with a voltage rating several
volts. Draw a schematic diagram of showing how multiple batteries may be connected to
achieve a total voltage greater than any one of the batteries’ individual voltages.

9. How much voltage does the light bulb receive int his circuit? Explain your answer.

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10. Re-draw this circuit in the form of a schematic diagram:

11. In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage (24 volts) from a single source.
Calculate the amount of current “drawn” by each resistor, as well as the amount of power
dissipated by each resistor.

12. Identify which of these circuits is a parallel circuit (there may be more than one shown!):

13. Determine the amount of voltage impressed across each resistor in this circuit:

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14. According to Ohm’s Law, how much current goes through each of the two resistors in this
circuit? Draw the paths of all current in this circuit.

15. Calculate the resistance between points A and B (RAB) for the following resistor networks:

16. Complete the table of values for this circuit:

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https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/electric-circuits/

Friedlander, Gordon D. "Electric Circuit." Microsoft® Encarta® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft
Corporation, 2006.

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-5/what-are-series-and-parallel-circuits/

https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-series-and-parallel-circuit.html

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-7/what-is-a-series-parallel-circuit/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-5/simple-series-circuits/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-5/simple-parallel-circuits/

Preliminary Activity (pages 4-5)

1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. A

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Solutions to Evaluation of learning

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/series-dc-circuits/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/parallel-dc-circuits/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/series-parallel-dc-circuits/

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