FAJOJK^J O JSNL OJB  B JY XONTHWVNS^ 

 JSNLOJB  

BHIJB ANVSLW^ 
 
Slpnf- Drhofa Whvlbutlo joc ns Fjushs

Vug`nhc l-
Cr.]rnyjcjrsanon

Vug`nhc Gy-
JJOFAJB
Wlbb ol. :4=7
GGJ BB.G.
  JFKOLYBHCIH@HOS

  :
 

N wlubc bnkh tl tajok `y djfubty Cr. ]rnyjcjrsanon, walsh jssnio`hot ld sufa j rhbhvjot joc
fu
furrh
rrhot
ot tlpn
tlpnff `jch
`jch `h wlrk
wlrk tlwj
tlwjrc
rcss ko
kolw
lwno
noi
i ta
tahh suge
sugehft
hft wn
wnta
ta j ir
irhjt
hjthr
hr no
noth
thrhs
rhstt jo
joc
c
hotausnjs` joc `lrhlvhr ah iunchc `h tarluialut tah prlehft.

N lwh tah prhshot jffl`pbnsa`hot ld `y prlehft tl `y drnhocs, wal ahbphc `h n``hoshby

wnta slurfhs ld rhshjrfa `jthrnjbs tarluialut tah prlehft joc wntalut wal` N flubco„t ajvh
fl`pbhthc nt no tah prhshot wjy.

N wlubc jbsl bnkh tl hxthoc `y irjtntuch tl `y pjrhots joc jbb talsh uoshho ajocs wal ahbphc
`h lut jt hvhry stjih ld `y prlehft.

  7
 

  Flothots
  Notrlcuftnlo 3
  Fjushs 8
l Dnojofnjb Frnsns :=
l Hflol`nf Fjushs ::
l Vlfnjb b Fjushs ::
l ]lbntnfjb Fjushs :7

  Djbnurh ld h`pnrh joc hflol`y :6

  Hddhft ld Drhofa Whvlbutnlo :3
l Hddhft lo Drjofh :3
l Hddhft lo Hoibjoc :4
l Hddhft lo Hurlph :9
  Flofbusnlo :>
  Gngnbnlirjpay

  6
 

NOSWLCXFSNLO

J wjthrsahc hvhot no `lchro Hurlphjo anstlry, tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo ghijo no :91> joc
hochc no tah bjth :9>=s wnta tah jsfhot ld Ojplbhlo Glojpjrth. Curnoi tans phrnlc, Drhofa

fntnzhoss rjzhc joc rhchsniohc

fntnzho rhchsniohc tahnr fluotry„s
fluotry„s plbntnfjb
plbntnfjb bjocsfjph,
bjocsfjph, uprlltnoi
uprlltnoi fhoturnhs-lbc
fhoturnhs-lbc
nostntutnlos sufa js jgslbuth `lojrfay joc tah dhucjb systh`. Bnkh tah J`hrnfjo Whvlbutnlo
 ghdlrh nt, tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo wjs nodbuhofhc gy Hobniatho`hot nchjbs, pjrtnfubjrby tah
flofhpts ld plpubjr slvhrhnioty joc nojbnhojgbh rniats. Jbtaluia nt djnbhc tl jfanhvh jbb ld nts
iljbs joc jt tn`hs chihohrjthc notl j fajltnf gbllcgjta, tah `lvh`hot pbjyhc j frntnfjb rlbh
no sajpnoi `lchro ojtnlos gy salwnoi tah wlrbc tah plwhr noahrhot no tah wnbb ld tah phlpbh.

Js tah
tah :1
:1ta
ta fh
fhot
otur
ury
y cr
crhw
hw tl j fbls
fblsh,
h, Drjo
Drjofh
fh„s
„s fl
flstb
stby
y no
novl
vlbv
bvh`
h`ho
hott no ta
tahh J`hr
J`hrnf
nfjo
jo
Whvlbutnlo joc hxtrjvjijot sphocnoi gy Knoi Bluns QTN (:983-:9>6) joc ans prhchfhsslr 
ajc bhdt tah fluotry lo tah grnok ld gjokruptfy.: Olt loby whrh tah rlyjb flddhrs chpbhthc, gut
twl chfjchs ld pllr fhrhjb ajrvhsts, crluiat, fjttbh cnshjsh joc skyrlfkhtnoi grhjc prnfhs ajc
knocbhc uorhst j`loi phjsjots joc tah urgjo pllr. @joy hxprhsshc tahnr chsphrjtnlo joc
rhshot`hot
rhshot`hot tlwjrc j rhin`h
rhin`h tajt n`plshc
n`plshc ahjvy tjxhs yht djnbhc tl prlvnch
prlvnch rhbnhd gy rnltnoi,
blltnoi joc strnknoi.

No tah djbb ld :914, Bluns QTN„s flotrlbbhr ihohrjb, Fajrbhs Jbhxjocrh ch Fjblooh (:963-
:1=7), prlplshc j dnojofnjb rhdlr` pjfkjih tajt nofbuchc j uonvhrsjb bjoc tjx drl` wanfa tah
 prnvnbhihc fbjsshs wlubc ol bloihr gh hxh`pt. Sl ijrohr supplrt dlr tahsh `hjsurhs joc
dlrhstjbb j irlwnoi jrnstlfrjtnf rhvlbt, tah knoi su``lohc tah Hstjths-Ihohrjb ‖jo jssh`gby

rhprhshotnoi Drjofh„s
rhprhshotnoi Drjofh„s fbhriy,
fbhriy, olgnbnty joc `nccbh
`nccbh fbjss‖dlr
fbjss‖dlr tah dnrst tn`h snofh :4:3. Sah `
hhtnoi wjs sfahcubhc dlr @jy 8, :91>; no tah `hjotn`h, chbhijths ld tah tarhh hstjths drl`
hjfa blfjbnty wlubc fl`pnbh bnsts ld irnhvjofhs tl prhshot tl tah knoi. 7

Drjofh„s plpubjtnlo ajc fajoihc flosnchrjgby snofh :4:3. Sah olo-jrnstlfrjtnf `h`ghrs ld 
tah Sanrc Hstjth olw rhprhshothc
rhprhshothc >1 phrfhot
phrfhot ld tah phlpbh
phlpbh gut flubc stnbb gh lutvlthc gy tah
ltahr twl glcnhs. No tah bhjc-up tl tah @jy 8 `hhtnoi, tah Sanrc Hstjth ghijo tl `lgnbnzh
supplrt dlr hqujb rhprhshotjtnlo joc tah jglbnsa`hot ld tah olgbh vhtl‖no ltahr wlrcs, tahy

:
 Clybh, Ynbbnj` (:>>=). Sah Lxdlrc anstlry ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo (7oc
Whvlbutnlo  (7oc
hc.). Lxdlrc Xonvhrsnty ]rhss.
7
 Clybh, Ynbbnj` (7==7). Sah Lxdlrc anstlry ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo (7oc
Whvlbutnlo  (7oc
hc.). Lxdlrc Xonvhrsnty ]rhss.

  3
 

wjothc vltnoi gy ahjc joc olt gy stjtus. Yanbh jbb ld tah lrchrs sajrhc j fl``lo chsnrh dlr 
dnsfjb joc eucnfnjb rhdlr` js whbb js j `lrh rhprhshotjtnvh dlr` ld ilvhro`hot, tah olgbhs no
 pjrtnfubjr whrh bljta tl invh up tah prnvnbhihs tahy hoelyhc uochr
uochr tah trjcntnlojb systh`.

Gy tah tn`h tah Hstjths-Ihohrjb flovhohc jt Thrsjnbbhs, tah aniaby pugbnf chgjth lvhr nts
vltnoi prlfhss ajc hrupthc notl alstnbnty ghtwhho tah tarhh lrchrs, hfbnpsnoi tah lrninojb
 purplsh ld tah `hhtnoi joc tah jutalrnty ld tah `jo wal ajc flovhohc nt. 6 Lo Euoh :9, wnta
tjbks lvhr prlfhcurh stjbbhc, tah Sanrc Hstjth `ht jbloh joc dlr`jbby jclpthc tah tntbh ld 
 Ojtnlojb Jssh`gby; tarhh cjys bjthr, tahy `ht no j ohjrgy nocllr thoons flurt joc tllk tah sl-
fjbbhc
fjbbhc Shoons
Shoons Flurt
Flurt Ljta,
Ljta, vlwnoi
vlwnoi olt tl cnsphr
cnsphrsh
sh uotnb
uotnb flostnt
flostntutn
utnloj
lojbb rhdlr`
rhdlr` ajc ghho
ghho
jfanhvhc. Yntano j whhk, `lst ld tah fbhrnfjb chputnhs joc 39 bnghrjb olgbhs ajc elnohc tah`,
joc lo Euoh 79 Bluns QTN irucinoiby jgslrghc jbb tarhh lrchrs notl tah ohw jssh`gby.

Lo Euoh :7, js tah Ojtnlojb Jssh`gby (kolwo js tah Ojtnlojb Flostntuhot Jssh`gby curnoi
nts wlrk lo j flostntutnlo) flotnouhc tl `hht jt Thrsjnbbhs, dhjr joc vnlbhofh flosu`hc tah
fjpntjb. Saluia hotausnjstnf jglut tah rhfhot grhjkclwo ld rlyjb plwhr, ]jrnsnjos irhw
 pjonfkhc js ru`lrs ld jo n`phocnoi `nbntjry flup ghijo tl fnrfubjth. J plpubjr nosurihofy
fub`nojthc lo Euby :3 waho rnlthrs stlr`hc tah Gjstnbbh dlrtrhss no jo jtth`pt tl shfurh
iuoplwchr joc whjplos; `joy flosnchr tans hvhot, olw fl``h`lrjthc no Drjofh js j
ojtnlojb albncjy, js tah stjrt ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo. Sah wjvh ld rhvlbutnlojry dhrvlr joc
wnchsprhjc aysthrnj qunfkby swhpt tah fluotrysnch.3 Whvlbtnoi jijnost yhjrs ld hxpblntjtnlo,
 phjsjots bllthc joc gurohc tah al`hs ld tjx flbbhftlrs, bjocblrcs joc tah shnionlrnjb hbnth.

Kolwo js tah Irhjt Dhjr, tah jirjrnjo nosurrhftnlo ajsthohc tah irlwnoi hxlcus ld olgbhs
drl` tah fluotry joc nospnrhc tah Ojtnlojb Flostntuhot Jssh`gby tl jglbnsa dhucjbns` lo
Juiu
Juiust
st 3, :9
:91>
1>,, sn
snio
iono
noi
i wajt
wajt tah
tah anst
anstlr
lrnj
njo
o Ihlr
Ihlrih
ihss Bhdhg
Bhdhgvr
vrhh bj
bjthr
thr fj
fjbb
bbhc
hc ta
tahh ‒c
‒chj
hjta
ta
fhrtndnfjth ld tah lbc lrchr.‐

Lo Juiust 3, tah Jssh`gby jclpthc tah Chfbjrjtnlo ld tah Wniats ld @jo joc ld tah Fntnzho,
j stjth`h
stjth`hot
ot ld ch`lfr
ch`lfrjtnf
jtnf prnofn
prnofnpbh
pbhss irluoc
irluochc
hc no tah pa
panbl
nblslp
slpanf
anfjb
jb joc plbntn
plbntnfjb
fjb nchjs
nchjs
ld ho
hobn
bnia
iath
tho`
o`ho
hott tano
tanokh
khrs
rs bnkh
bnkh Ehjo-
Ehjo-Ejf
Ejfqu
quhs
hs Wlus
Wlusshj
shju
u (:
(:9:
9:7-
7-:9
:991
91).
). Sah
Sah cl
clfu
fu`h
`hot
ot

6
 Bnvhshy, Ej`hs. @jknoi Ch`lfrjfy no tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo p. :>
3
 J. Jubjrc no Jrtaur Snbbhy, hc. (:>77). @lchro Drjofh. J Fl`pjonlo tl
Drhofa Vtucnhs.
Vtucnhs. Fj`grncih X]. p. ::8.

  8
 

 prlfbjn`hc tah Jssh`gby„s fl``nt`hot tl rhpbjfh tah jofnho rîin`h wnta j systh`
systh ` gjshc lo
hqujb lpplrtuonty, drhhcl` ld sphhfa, plpubjr slvhrhnioty joc rhprhshotjtnvh ilvhro`hot.
Crjdtnoi j dlr`jb flostntutnlo prlvhc `ufa `lrh ld j fajbbhoih dlr tah Ojtnlojb Flostntuhot
Jssh`gby, wanfa ajc tah jcchc gurcho ld duoftnlonoi js j bhinsbjturh curnoi ajrsa hflol`nf
tn`hs. Dlr `lotas, nts `h`ghrs wrhstbhc wnta duocj`hotjb quhstnlos jglut tah sajph joc

hxpjosh ld Drjofh„s ohw plbntnfjb bjocsfjph. Dlr nostjofh, wal wlubc gh rhsplosngbh dlr 
hbhftnoi chbhijths< Ylubc tah fbhriy lwh jbbhinjofh tl tah Wl`jo Fjtalbnf Faurfa lr tah
Drhofa ilvhro`hot< ]hrajps `lst n`plrtjotby, alw `ufa jutalrnty wlubc tah knoi, ans
 pugbnf n`jih durtahr whjkhohc jdthr
jd thr j djnbhc jtth`pt tl dbhh no Euoh :9>:, rhtjno< Jclpthc lo
Vhpth`ghr 6, :9>:, Drjofh„s dnrst wrnttho flostntutnlo hfalhc
hf alhc tah `lrh `lchrjth vlnfhs no tah
Jssh`gby, hstjgbnsanoi j flostntutnlojb `lojrfay no wanfa tah knoi hoelyhc rlyjb vhtl plwhr 
joc tah jgnbnty tl jpplnot `nonsthrs. Sans fl`prl`nsh cnc olt snt whbb wnta nodbuhotnjb rjcnfjbs
bnkh @jxn`nbnho ch Wlghspnhrrh (:981-:9>3), Fj`nbbh Chs`lubnos (:94=-:9>3) joc Ihlrihs
Cjotlo (:98>-:9>3), wal ghijo cru``noi up plpubjr supplrt dlr j `lrh rhpugbnfjo dlr` ld 

ilvhro`hot joc tah trnjb ld Bluns QTN.

No Jprnb :9>7, tah ohwby hbhfthc Bhinsbjtnvh Jssh`gby chfbjrhc wjr lo Justrnj joc ]russnj,
wahrh nt ghbnhvhc tajt Drhofa î`nirîs whrh gunbcnoi fluothrrhvlbutnlojry jbbnjofhs; nt jbsl
alphc tl sprhjc nts rhvlbutnlojry nchjbs jfrlss Hurlph tarluia wjrdjrh. 8  Lo tah cl`hstnf
drlot, `hjowanbh, tah plbntnfjb frnsns tllk j rjcnfjb turo waho j irlup ld nosurihots bhc gy tah
hxtrh`nst
hxtrh`nst Ejflgnos jttjfkhc tah rlyjb rhsnchofh
rhsnchofh no ]jrns joc jrrhsthc tah knoi lo Juiust :=,
:9>7. Sah dlbblwnoi `lota, j`nc j wjvh ld vnlbhofh no wanfa ]jrnsnjo nosurrhftnlonsts
`jssjfr
`jssjfrhc
hc auocrh
auocrhcs
cs ld jffushc
jffushc fluoth
fluothrrhv
rrhvlbu
lbutnl
tnlojrn
ojrnhs,
hs, tah Bhinsbj
Bhinsbjtnv
tnvhh Jssh`g
Jssh`gby
by wjs
rhpbjfhc gy tah Ojtnlojb Flovhotnlo, wanfa prlfbjn`hc tah jglbntnlo ld tah `lojrfay joc
tah hstjgbnsa`hot ld tah Drhofa rhpugbnf. Lo Ejoujry 7:, :9>6, nt shot Knoi Bluns QTN,
floch`ohc tl chjta dlr ania trhjslo joc frn`hs jijnost tah stjth, tl tah iunbbltnoh; ans
wndh @jrnh-Jotlnohtth (:988-:9>6) suddhrhc tah sj`h djth onoh `lotas bjthr.

Dlbblwnoi tah knoi„s hxhfutnlo, wjr wnta vjrnlus Hurlphjo plwhrs joc nothosh cnvnsnlos
wntano tah Ojtnlojb Flovhotnlo usahrhc tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo notl nts `lst vnlbhot joc
turgubhot pajsh. No Euoh :9>6, tah Ejflgnos shnzhc flotrlb ld tah Ojtnlojb Flovhotnlo drl`

8
 Vuzjooh Chsjo ht jb. hcs. Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo no Iblgjb
]hrsphftnvh (7=:6) , pp. 6, 1, :=

  4
 

tah `lrh
`lrh `lchrjt
`lchrjthh Inrloc
Inrlocnos
nos joc nostntuth
nostntuthc
c j shrnhs
shrnhs ld rjcnfj
rjcnfjbb `hjsurh
`hjsurhs,
s, nofbuc
nofbucnoi
noi tah
hstjgbnsa`hot ld j ohw fjbhocjr joc tah hrjcnfjtnlo ld Farnstnjonty. Sahy jbsl uobhjsahc tah
 gbllcy Whnio ld Shrrlr, j :=-`lota phrnlc no wanfa susphfthc hoh`nhs ld tah rhvlbutnlo
whrh iunbbltnohc
iunbbltnohc gy tah talusjocs.
talusjocs. @joy ld tah knbbnois
knbbnois whrh fjrrnhc lut uochr
uochr lrchrs drl`
Wlghsp
Wlghspnhrr
nhrrh,
h, wal cl`noj
cl`nojthc
thc tah crjflo
crjflonjo
njo Fl``nt
Fl``ntthh
thh ld ]ugbn
]ugbnff Vjdhty
Vjdhty uo
uotnb
tnb ans lwo
lwo

hxhfutnlo lo Euby 71, :9>3. Ans chjta `jrkhc tah ghinoonoi ld tah Sahr`nclrnjo Whjftnlo, j
`lchrjth pajsh no wanfa tah Drhofa phlpbh rhvlbthc jijnost tah Whnio ld Shrrlr„s hxfhsshs.

Lo Juiust 77, :9>8, tah Ojtnlojb Flovhotnlo, fl`plshc bjrihby ld Inrlocnos wal ajc
survnv
survnvhc
hc tah Whnio
Whnio ld Shrrlr
Shrrlr,, jpprlv
jpprlvhc
hc j ohw flostn
flostntut
tutnlo
nlo tajt
tajt frhjthc
frhjthc Drjofh
Drjofh„s
„s dnrst
dnrst
 gnfj`hrjb bhinsbjturh. Hxhfutnvh plwhr wlubc bnh no tah ajocs ld j dnvh-`h`ghr Cnrhftlry
jpplnothc gy pjrbnj`hot. Wlyjbnsts joc Ejflgnos prlthsthc tah ohw rhin`h gut whrh swndtby
snbh
snbhof
ofhc
hc gy ta
tahh jr`y,
jr`y, ol
olw
w bhc
bhc gy j yl
yluo
uoi
i jo
joc
c suff
suffhss
hssdu
dubb ih
ihoh
ohrjb
rjb oj
oj`h
`hc
c Ojpl
Ojplbh
bhlo
lo
Glojpjrth (:94>-:17:).

Sah Cnrhftlry„s dlur yhjrs no plwhr whrh rnccbhc wnta dnojofnjb frnshs, plpubjr cnsflothot,
nohddnfnhofy joc, jglvh jbb, plbntnfjb flrruptnlo. Gy tah bjth :9>=s, tah cnrhftlrs rhbnhc jb`lst
hotnrhby lo tah `nbntjry tl `jnotjno tahnr jutalrnty joc ajc fhchc `ufa ld tahnr plwhr tl tah
ihohrjbs no tah dnhbc. Lo Olvh`ghr >, :9>>, js drustrjtnlo wnta tahnr bhjchrsanp rhjfahc j
dhvhr pntfa, Glojpjrth stjihc j flup c„îtjt, jglbnsanoi tah Cnrhftlry joc jpplnotnoi an`shbd 
Drjo
Drjofh„
fh„ss ‒dnr
‒dnrst
st fl
flos
osub
ub.‐
.‐ Sa
Sahh hv
hvho
hott `jrk
`jrkhc
hc ta
tahh ho
hoc
c ld ta
tahh Drho
Drhofa
fa Whvl
Whvlbu
butn
tnlo
lo jo
joc
c ta
tahh
 ghinoonoi ld tah Ojplbhlonf hrj, no wanfa Drjofh wlubc fl`h tl cl`nojth `ufa ld 

flotnohotjb Hurlph.

  9
 

FJXVHV

Anstlrnjos ajvh plnothc tl `joy hvhots joc djftlrs wntano tah Jofnho Wîin`h tajt
Wîin`h tajt bhc tl tah
Whvlbu
Whvlbutnl
tnlo.
o. Wnsnoi
Wnsnoi slfnjb
slfnjb joc hflol`
hflol`nf
nf nohquj
nohqujbnt
bnty,
y, ohw plbntn
plbntnfjb
fjb nchjs
nchjs h`hrin
h`hrinoi
oi drl`
drl`
tah Hobniatho`hot.
Hobniatho`hot. hflol`nf `ns`jojih`hot, hovnrlo`hotjb djftlrs bhjcnoi tl jirnfubturjb
djnburh, uo`jojihjgbh ojtnlojb chgt, joc plbntnfjb `ns`jojih`hot lo tah pjrt ld Knoi Bluns
 ajvh jbb ghho fnthc js bjynoi tah irluocwlrk dlr tah Whvlbutnlo. 4 
QTN ajvh
QTN

Lvhr
Lvhr tah
tah fl
flur
ursh
sh ld tah
tah :1ta
:1ta fh
fhot
otur
ury,
y, tahr
tahrhh h`hr
h`hrih
ihc
c wajt
wajt ta
tahh panb
panbls
lslp
lpah
ahrr Eòriho
Ajghr`js  fjbb
Ajghr`js fjbbhc
hc tah
tah nchj
nchj ld tah
tah " pugbnf spahrh"
spahrh" no Drjo
Drjofh
fh jo
joc
c hbshw
hbshwah
ahrh
rh no Hurlph..9
Hurlph
Ajgh
Ajghr`
r`js
js jriu
jriuhc
hc ta
tajt
jt tah
tah cl`n
cl`noj
ojot
ot fu
fubt
btur
urjb
jb `lch
`lchbb no :9
:9ta
ta fh
fhot
otur
ury
y Dr
Drjo
jofh
fh wjs
wjs j
"rhprhshotjtnlojb" fubturh, wanfa wjs gjshc lo j loh-snchc ohhc tl "rhprhshot" plwhr wnta
loh snch jftnvh joc tah ltahr pjssnvh. J phrdhft hxj`pbh wlubc gh tah ]jbjfh ld Thrsjnbbhs
wanfa wjs `hjot tl lvhrwahb` tah shoshs ld tah vnsntlr joc flovnofh loh ld tah irhjtohss ld 
tah Drhofa stjth joc Bluns QNT. Vtjrtnoi no tah hjrby :1ta fhotury sjw tah jpphjrjofh ld tah
"pugbnf
"pugbnf spahrh" wanfa wjs "frntnf
"frntnfjb"
jb" no tajt glta snchs whrh jftnvh.
jftnvh. Hxj`pbhs
Hxj`pbhs ld tah "pugbnf
spahrh" nofbuchc ohwspjphrs, elurojbs, `jslonf blcihs, flddhh alushs joc rhjcnoi fbugs
wahrh phlpbh hntahr no phrslo lr vnrtujbby vnj tah prnothc wlrc chgjthc joc cnsfusshc nssuhs.
No Drjofh, tah h`hrihofh ld tah "pugbnf spahrh" lutsnch ld tah flotrlb ld tah stjth sjw tah
sandt drl` Thrsjnbbhs tl ]jrns js tah fubturjb fjpntjb ld Drjofh. Bnkhwnsh, no tah :9ta fhotury nt
wjs tah flurt tajt chfnchc wajt wjs fubturjbby illc joc wajt wjs olt; no tah :1ta fhotury,
tah lpnonlo ld tah flurt `jtthrhc bhss joc nt wjs tah flosu`hrs wal ghfl`h tah jrgnthrs ld 
fubturjb tjsth. No tah :98=s, curnoi tah "quhrhbbh chs gluddlos" lvhr tah quhstnlo ld tah qujbnty
ld Ntjbnjo vs. Drhofa `usnf, tah pjrtnsjos ld glta snchs jpphjbhc tl tah Drhofa pugbnf "ghfjush
nt jbloh ajs tah rniat tl chfnch wahtahr j wlrk wnbb gh prhshrvhc dlr plsthrnty lr wnbb gh ushc
 gy irlfhrs js wrjppnoi-pjphr".No :917, Bluns-Vîgjstnho @hrfnhr
@hrf nhr wrlth5 "Sah wlrc flurt ol
bloihr nospnrhs jwh j`loist us js no tah tn`h ld Bluns QNT. Whnionoi lpnonlos jrh ol bloihr 
rhfhnvhc drl` tah flurt; nt ol bloihr chfnchs lo rhputjtnlos ld joy slrt ... Sah flurt's

4
 Gjkhr, Khnta @nfajhb. "Drhofa plbntnfjb taluiat jt tah jffhssnlo ld Bluns
QTN". Sah Elurojb ld @lchro Anstlry (:>91)5 79>‖6=6
9
 Gbjoonoi, S.F.Y. Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo5 Fbjss Yjr lr Fubturh Fbjsa<,
Bloclo5 @jf`nbbjo, :>>1 p. 74

  1
 

 euci`hots jrh fluothr`jochc; loh sjys lphoby tajt nt uochrstjocs oltanoi; nt ajs ol nchjs lo
tah sugehft joc flubc ajvh oloh." Nohvntjgby, tah ghbnhd tajt pugbnf lpnonlo ajc tah rniat tl
chfnch fubturjb quhstnlos nosthjc ld chdhrrnoi tl tah flurt trjosdlr`hc ntshbd notl tah ch`joc
tajt pugbnf jbsl ajvh j sjy lo plbntnfjb quhstnlos js whbb. 1

Sah hflol`y no tah Jofnhot Wîin`h curnoi tah yhjrs prhfhcnoi tah Whvlbutnlo suddhrhc drl`
nostjgnbnty;
nostjgnbnty; pllr ajrvhsts
ajrvhsts bjstnoi
bjstnoi shvhrjb yhjrs joc jo nojchqujth
nojchqujth trjosplrtjtnlo
trjosplrtjtnlo systh` glta
fl
flot
otrn
rngu
guth
thc
c tl `jkn
`jknoi
oi dl
dllc
lc `lrh
`lrh hx
hxph
phos
osnv
nvh.
h. Sah
Sah shquh
shquhof
ofhh ld hv
hvho
hots
ts bh
bhjc
jcno
noi
i tl ta
tahh
Whvlbutnlo nofbuchc tah ojtnlojb ilvhro`hot's dnsfjb trlugbhs fjushc gy jo nohddnfnhot tjx
systh` joc hxphocnturh lo ou`hrlus bjrih wjrs.> Sah jtth`pt tl fajbbhoih Grntnsa ojvjb joc
fl``hrfnjb plwhr no tah Vhvho ^hjrs' Yjr  wjs
 wjs j flstby
flstby cnsjsthr,
cnsjsthr, wnta tah blss ld Drjofh's
flblon
flblonjb
jb pl
plsshs
sshssnl
snlos
os no flotno
flotnohot
hotjb
jb Olrta
Olrta J`hrnfj
J`hrnfj  jo
joc
c ta
tahh ch
chstr
struf
uftn
tnlo
lo ld ta
tahh Drho
Drhofa
fa
 Ojvy. Drhofa dlrfhs whrh rhgunbt joc phrdlr`hc `lrh suffhssdubby no tah J`hrnfjo
Whvlbutnlojry Yjr , gut loby jt `jssnvh jccntnlojb flst, joc wnta ol rhjb ijnos dlr Drjofh
hxfhpt tah kolwbhcih tajt Grntjno ajc ghho au`gbhc. Drjofh's nohddnfnhot joc jotnqujthc
dnojofnjb
dnojofnjb systh` flubc olt dnojofh tans chgt. Djfhc
Djfhc wnta j dnojofnjb
dnojofnjb frnsns, tah knoi fjbbhc jo
Hstjths Ihohrjb, rhfl``hochc gy tah Jssh`gby ld Oltjgbhs no
Oltjgbhs no :919 dlr tah dnrst tn`h no lvhr 
j fhotury.

@hjowanbh, tah rlyjb flurt jt Thrsjnbbhs wjs

Thrsjnbbhs wjs nslbjthc drl` joc nocnddhrhot tl tah hsfjbjtnoi
frnsns. Yanbh no tahlry Knoi Bluns QTN wjs
QTN wjs jo jgslbuth `lojrfa, no prjftnfh ah wjs ldtho
nochfnsnvh joc kolwo tl gjfk clwo waho djfhc wnta strloi lpplsntnlo. Yanbh ah cnc rhcufh
ilvhro`hot hxphocnturhs, lpplohots no tah pjrbnj`hots
tah pjrbnj`hots suffhssdubby
 suffhssdubby tawjrthc ans jtth`pts jt
hojftnoi `ufa ohhchc rhdlr`s. Sah Hobniatho`hot ajc
Hobniatho`hot ajc prlcufhc `joy wrnthrs, pj`pabhthhrs
joc pugbnsahrs wal flubc nodlr` lr nodbj`h pugbnf lpnonlo. Sah lpplsntnlo ushc tans rrhslurfh
hslurfh
tl `lgn
`lgnbn
bnsh
sh pu
pugb
gbnf
nf lp
lpno
nonl
nlo
o ji
jijn
jnos
ostt tah
tah `loj
`lojrf
rfay
ay,, wanf
wanfa
a no tu
turo
ro trnh
trnhc
c tl rhprhs
rhprhsss ta
tahh
uochrirluoc bnthrjturh.

@joy
@joy ltah
ltahrr djftl
djftlrs
rs no
novl
vlbv
bvhc
hc rhsho
rhshot`
t`ho
hots
ts jo
joc
c js
jspn
pnrj
rjtn
tnlo
loss in
invh
vho
o dl
dlfu
fuss gy ta
tahh rnsh
rnsh ld 
Hobn
Hobnia
iatho
tho`h
`hot
ot nc
nchj
hjbs.
bs. Sahs
Sahshh no
nofb
fbuc
uchc
hc rhsho
rhshot`
t`ho
hott ld rl
rlyj
yjbb jgslbutns`;
jgslbutns`; rh
rhsh
shot
ot`h
`hot
ot gy
 phjsjots, bjglurhrs joc tah glurihlnsnh
tah glurihlnsnh  tl
tlwj
wjrc
rcss ta
tahh trjc
trjcnt
ntnl
nloj
ojbb shniohurnjb prnvnbhihs
shniohurnjb prnvnbhihs
 plsshsshc gy tah olgnbnty; rhshot`hot ld tah Fjtalbnf Faurfa's nodbuhofh lvhr pugbnf plbnfy
joc nostntutnlos; jspnrjtnlos dlr drhhcl` ld rhbninlo;
rhbninlo; rhshot`hot ld jrnstlfrjtnf gnsalps gy tah

1
 Gbjoonoi, S.F.Y. Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo5 Fbjss Yjr lr Fubturh Fbjsa<,
Bloclo5 @jf`nbbjo, :>>1 p. 7>.
>
 Vjrihot, Sal`js E., joc Drjoflns W. Thbch. "@jfrlhflol`nf dhjturhs ld
tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo." Elurojb ld ]lbntnfjb Hflol`y (:>>8)5 393‖8:1

  >
 

 pllrhr rurjb fbhriy; jspnrjtnlos dlr slfnjb, plbntnfjb joc hflol`nf hqujbnty, joc (hsphfnjbby js
tah Whvlbutnl
Whvlbutnlo
o prlirhsshc)
prlirhsshc) rhpugbnfjons`;
rhpugbnfjons`; ajtr
ajtrhc
hc ld Zuhh
Zuhho
o @jrnh-Jotlnohtth,
@jrnh-Jotlnohtth, wal wjs
djbshby jffushc ld ghnoi j sphoctarndt joc jo Justrnjo spy;
Justrnjo spy; joc joihr tlwjrcs tah Knoi dlr 
cns`nssnoi `nonsthrs, nofbucnoi dnojofh `nonsthr Ejfquhs Ohfkhr , wal whrh plpubjrby shho js
rhprhshotjtnvhs ld tah phlpbh. :=

Drhh`jslory  pbjy
Drhh`jslory pbjyhc
hc jo n`pl
n`plrt
rtjo
jott rl
rlbh
bh no ta
tahh rh
rhvl
vlbu
butn
tnlo
lo.. Lrni
Lrnino
nojb
jbby
by bj
bjri
rihb
hby
y jp
jplb
lbnt
ntnf
nfjb,
jb,
Drhh`jslory wjs rjcnfjbnshc no tah bjth :1ta fhotury tarluia tah notrlcuftnlo ld aniahr 
irjchs wanfa h`pajsnshc tah`hs ld bnghrty, hqujbnty, joc drjthronty. Tnrtujbby hvhry `jelr 
 pbjyhr no tah Whvlbutnlo wjs j Drhh`jslo joc tahsh tah`hs ghfj`h tah wnchby rhflionshc
sblijo ld tah rhvlbutnlo.

DNOJOFNJB FWNVNV

Bluns QTN jsfhochc
QTN jsfhochc tl tah tarloh no tah `nccbh ld j dnojofnjb
dnojofnjb frnsns no
frnsns no wanfa tah stjth wjs
djfhc wnta j guciht chdnfnt joc wjs ohjrnoi gjokruptfy. Sans wjs cuh no pjrt tl Drjofh's

flstby novlbvh`hots no tah Vhvho ^hjrs' Yjr  joc  joc bjthr tah J`hrnfjo
J`hrnfjo Whvlbutnlo
Whvlbutnlo.. No @jy
:994,
:994, dnojof
dnojofhh `nonsth
`nonsthrr Surilt 
Surilt wjs
wjs cns`
cns`ns
nsshc
shc,, jd
jdth
thrr dj
djnb
nbno
noi
i tl ho
hojft
jft rhdlr
rhdlr`s
`s.. Sah
Sah ohohxt
xt
yhjr, Ejfquhs Ohfkhr , j dlrhniohr, wjs jpplnothc Fl`ptrlbbhr -Ihohrjb
-Ihohrjb ld Dnojofh. Ah flubc
olt gh `jch jo lddnfnjb `nonsthr ghfjush ah wjs j ]rlthstjot.

 Ohfkhr rhjbnshc tajt tah fluotry's hxtrh`hby rhirhssnvh tjx systh`

tjx systh` sugehfthc tah blwhr fbjsshs
tl j ahjvy gurcho, wanbh ou`hrlus hxh`ptnlos hxnsthc dlr tah olgnbnty joc fbhriy. Ah jriuhc
tajt tah fluotry flubc olt gh tjxhc aniahr; tajt tjx hxh`ptnlos dlr tah olgnbnty joc fbhriy
`ust gh rhcufhc; joc prlplshc tajt glrrlwnoi `lrh `lohy wlubc slbvh tah fluotry's dnsfjb
salrtjihs. Ohfkhr pugbnsahc j rhplrt tl supplrt tans fbjn` tajt uochrhstn`jthc tah chdnfnt gy
rluiaby 64 `nbbnlo bnvrhs,
bnvrhs, joc prlplshc rhstrnftnoi tah plwhr ld tah pjrbnj`hots.

Sans
Sans wjs olt rhfhnvh
rhfhnvhc
c whbb
whbb gy tah Knoi's
Knoi's `nonsth
`nonsthrs,
rs, joc Ohfkhr,
Ohfkhr, alpnoi
alpnoi tl glbsth
glbsthrr ans
 plsntnlo, jriuhc tl gh `jch j `nonsthr. Sah Knoi rhdushc, Ohfkhr wjs cns`nsshc,
cns`nss hc, joc Fajrbhs
Jbhxjo
Jbhxjocrh
crh ch Fjbloo
Fjbloohh wjs jpplno
jpplnothc
thc tl tah Fl`ptr
Fl`ptrlbb
lbbhrsa
hrsanp.
np. Fjbloo
Fjbloohh nontnjb
nontnjbby
by sphot
sphot
flch.::
bnghrjbby, gut ah qunfkby rhjbnshc tah frntnfjb dnojofnjb sntujtnlo joc prlplshc j ohw tjx flch.

Sah prlplsjb nofbuchc j flosnsthot bjoc tjx,

tjx, wanfa wlubc nofbuch tjxjtnlo ld tah olgnbnty joc
fbhriy. Djfhc wnta lpplsntnlo drl` tah pjrbh`hots, Fjblooh lrijonshc tah su``lonoi ld 

:=
 Clybh, Sah Lxdlrc Anstlry ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo (7==6), pp. 96‖93
::
 Clybh, Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo5 J vhry salrt notrlcuftnlo, p. 63

  :=
 

Oltjgbhs .:7  Gut tah Jssh`gby djnbhc tl hoclrsh Fjblooh's prlplsjbs joc
tah Jssh`gby ld Oltjgbhs.
nosthjc whjkhohc ans plsntnlo tarluia nts frntnfns`. No rhsplosh, tah Knoi jooluofhc tah
fjbbnoi ld tah Hstjths-Ihohrjb dlr @jy :91>,
:91> , tah dnrst tn`h tah glcy ajc ghho su``lohc
snofh :4:3. Sans wjs j sniojb tajt tah Glurglo `lojrfay wjs
`lojrfay wjs no j whjkhohc stjth joc sugehft
tl tah ch`jocs ld nts phlpbh.

HFLOL@NF FJXVHV

Sah hflol`nf flocntnlo ld Drjofh dlr`hc joltahr fjush dlr tah lutgrhjk ld tah Drhofa
Whvlbutnlo. Sah hflol`nf flocntnlo ld Drjofh ghfj`h pllr cuh tl tah dlrhnio wjrs ld Bluns
QNT, tah shvho yhjrs Yjr ld Bluns QT joc ltahr hxphosnvh wjrs. Curnoi tah rhnio phrnlc ld 
Bluns QTN, tah rlyjb trhjsury ghfj`h h`pty js hxtrjvjijot hxphoshs ld ans quhho @jrnh
Jotlnohtth. Sl iht rnc ld tans flocntnlo. Bluns QTN jpplnothc Surilt js ans Dnojofh @nonsthr 
no :993. Surilt trnhc tl `non`nsh tah hxphocnturh ld tah rlyjb flurt. Ah jbsl jcvnshc tah knoi
tl n`plsh tjxhs lo hvhry fbjsshs ld tah slfnhty. Gut cuh tl tah nothrdhrhofh ld Zuhho @jrnh

Jotlnohtth, Bluns QTN cns`nsshc Surilt. Saho Ohfkhr wjs jpplnothc js tah Dnojofh @nonsthr 
no :994. Ah pugbnsahc j rhplrt lo tah nofl`h joc hxphocnturh ld tah Vtjth no lrchr tl jrlush
tah phlpbh. Gut ah wjs jbsl cns`nsshc gy tah knoi. Sah ohxt phrslo wal wjs jpplnothc gy tah
Knoi js tah Dnojofh @nonsthr ld Drjofh no :916 wjs Fjbbloh. Ah jcjpthc tah plbnfy ld 
 glrrlwnoi no lrchr tl `hht tah hxphocnturh ld tah rlyjb flurt. Gut cuh tl tans plbnfy, tah
ojtnlojb chgt ld Drjofh nofrhjshc drl` 6==,===,=== tl 4==,===,=== Drjoks loby no tarhh
yhjrs. Saho Fjbbloh prlplshc tl n`plsh tjxhs lo jbb tah fbjsshs. Gut ah wjs cns`nsshc gy tah
knoi. No tans sntujtnlo, tah knoi jt bjst su``lohc tah Vtjths Ihohrjb. Sah hflol`nf nostjgnbnty
dlr`hc loh ld tah `lst n`plrtjot fjushs ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo.

VLFNJB FJXVHV

Sah Vlfnjb flocntnlo

flocntnlo ld Drjofh curnoi
curnoi tah hniathhota
hniathhota fhotury
fhotury wjs vhry `nshrjgbh.
`nshrjgbh. Sah taho
Drhofa Vlfnhty wjs cnvnchc notl tarhh fbjsshs– tah Fbhriy, Olgbhs joc Fl``lo ]hlpbh. :6

Sah Fbhriy ghbloihc tl tah Dnrst Hstjth. Sah Fbhriy wjs sugcnvnchc notl twl irlups n.h. tah
aniahr fbhriy joc tah blwhr fbhriy. Sah aniahr fbhriy
fbh riy lffupnhc tah tlp plsntnlo no tah slfnhty.
Sahy `jojihc tah faurfahs, `lojsthrnhs joc hcufjtnlojb nostntutnlos ld Drjofh. Sahy cnc olt
 pjy joy tjx tl tah `lojrfa. Sahy hxpblnthc tah fl``lo phlpbh no vjrnlus wjys. Sah aniahr 

:7
  J Frntnfjb Cnftnlojry ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo (:>1>) pp. :=9‖:3.
:6
 E.@. Sal`pslo, Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo (:>36), pp. >=‖:::

  ::
 

fbhriy bnvhc no tah `ncst ld sfjocjblus buxury joc hxtrjvjijofh. Sah fl``lo phlpbh ajc j
strloi ajtrhc tlwjrcs tah aniahr fbhriy. Lo tah ltahr ajoc, tah blwhr fbhriy shrvhc tah
 phlpbh no truh shosh ld tah thr` joc tahy bnvhc j vhry `nshrjgbh bndh. Sah Olgnbnty wjs
rhijrchc js tah Vhfloc Hstjth no tah Drhofa Vlfnhty. Sahy jbsl cnc olt pjy joy tjx tl tah
knoi. Sah Olgnbnty wjs jbsl sug cnvnchc notl twl irlups-tah Flurt olgbhs joc tah prlvnofnjb

olgbhs. Sah flurt olgbhs bnvhc no pl`p joc buxury. Sahy cnc olt pjy joy ahhc tlwjrcs tah
phlpbh ld tahnr jrhjs. :3
 prlgbh`s ld tah fl``lo phlpbh

Lo tah ltahr ajoc, tah prlvnofnjb olgbhs pjnc tahnr jtthotnlo tlwjrcs tah prlgbh`s ld tah
 phlpbh. Gut tahy cnc olt hoely tah sj`h prnvnbhihs js tah Flurt olgbhs hoelyhc. Sah Sanrc
Hstjth dlr`hc j ahthrliholus fbjss. Sah djr`hrs, flggbhrs, swhhphrs joc ltahr blwhr fbjsshs
 ghbloihc tl tans fbjss.
f bjss. Sah flocntnlo ld tah djr`hrs wjs vhry `nshrjgbh. Sahy pjnc tah tjxhs
bnkh Sjnbbh, Sntah joc Ijgbh. Nospnth ld tans, tah fbhrinhs joc tah olgbhs h`pblyhc tah` no
tahnr dnhbcs no furvh. Sah Glurihlnsnh dlr`hc tah tlp `lst irlup ld tah Sanrc Hstjth. Sah
clftlrs, bjwyhrs, thjfahrs, gusnohss`ho, wrnthrs joc panblslpahrs ghbloihc tl tans fbjss.
Sahy ajc tah whjbta joc slfnjb stjtus. Gut tah Drhofa @lojrfa, nodbuhofhc gy tah fbhrinhs
joc olgbhs, rjokhc tah` js tah Sanrc Hstjth. Vl tahy nodbuhofhc tah phlpbh dlr rhvlbutnlo.
Sahy jrlushc tah fl``lo phlpbh jglut tahnr rniats. Saus, tah fl``lo phlpbh ghfj`h
rhghbbnlus. Sah blwhr Fbhrinhs joc tah prlvnofnjb olgbhs jbsl elnohc tahnr ajocs wnta tah
fl``lo phlpbh jbloi wnta tah glurihlnsnh. Vl tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo ns jbsl kolwo js tah

‑Glurihlnsnh Whvlbutnlo„ .

]LBNSNFJB FJXVHV

Curnoi
Curnoi tah hniathho
hniathho tah Fhotury
Fhotury Drjofh wjs tah fhotrh ld jutlfrjtnf
jutlfrjtnf `lojrfay.
`lojrfay. Sah Drhofa
@lojrfas ajc uobn`nthc plwhr joc tahy chfbjrhc tah`shbvhs js tah ‒Whprhshotjtnvh ld Ilc‐.

Bluns QNT wjs tah hxplohot ld tans vnhw. Sah Drhofa @lojrfas hoijihc tah`shbvhs no
buxurnlus
buxurnlus joc hxtrjvjijof
hxtrjvjijofhh jt tah rlyjb flurt ld Thrsjnbbhs.
Thrsjnbbhs. Sahy hoelyhc
hoelyhc uobn`nthc
uobn`nthc plwhr.
Gy tah Bhtthr ch Fjtfaht, tahy jrrhsthc joy phrslo jt joy tn`h joc n`prnslohc tah`. Sahy
 pjnc ol jtthotnlo tlwjrcs tahnr sugehfts.:8 Bluns QNT (:436-:9:8) ld tah Glurglo Cyojsty

:3
  Hofyfblphcnj ld tah Jih ld ]lbntnfjb Whvlbutnlos joc Ohw Nchlblinhs,
:94=‖:1:8. Irhhowllc. p. :>=.
:94=‖:1:8.
:8
  "Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo joc tah Fjtalbnf Faurfa," Anstlry Whvnhw (7=:=)
Nssuh 41, pp. :4‖7:.

  :7
 

wjss j pl
wj plwh
whrdu
rdubb `loj
`lojrf
rfa.
a. Ah wjs
wjs jo hd
hddn
dnfnh
fnhot
ot,, aj
ajrc
rc-w
-wlr
lrkn
knoi
oi jo
joc
c fl
flod
odnc
ncho
hott ru
rubh
bhr.
r. Ah
 pjrtnfnpjthc no `joy wjrs. Bluns QNT„s flofhpt ld uobn`nthc rlyjb plwhr ns rhvhjbhc gy ans
dj`lus rh`jrks, ‒N j` tah Vtjth‐. Bluns QT (:9:8-:993) suffhhchc Bluns QNT Ah wjs j
‑gutth
‑gutthrdby
rdby `lojrf
`lojrfa„.
a„. Ans chdhft
chdhftnvh
nvh dlrhni
dlrhnio
o plbnfy
plbnfy whjkho
whjkhohc
hc tah hflol`
hflol`nf
nf flocnt
flocntnlo
nlo ld 
Drjofh. Bluns QT dluiat tah Vhvho ^hjrs Yjr jijnost Hoibjoc wanfa grluiat oltanoi dlr 

Drjofh. Drjofh ghfj`h gjokrupt cuh tl lvhr hxphocnturh no wjrs joc buxury. Ah rhjbnshc nt
bjthr lo. Ghdlrh ans chjta ah frnhc-‑Jdthr `h tah Chbuih„. Jdthr Bluns QT, Bluns QTN (:993-
:9>6) jsfhochc tah tarloh ld Drjofh. Curnoi tajt phrnlc, tah hflol`nf flocntnlo ld Drjofh
 ghfj`h whjk. Bluns QTN wjs jo noolfhot joc sn`pbh `jo. Gut ah wjs nodbuhofhc gy ans
quhho @jrnh Jotlnohtth wal jbwjys nothrdhrhc no tah stjth jddjnrs. Lut ld drustrjtnlo ah
utthrhc-‒La! Yajt j gurcho ld `noh joc tahy ajvh tjuiat `h oltanoi.‐ @jrnh Jotlnohtth wjs
tah cjuiathr ld @jrnh Sahrhsj, tah Justrnjo H`prhss. Vah jbwjys dhbt prluc js sah wjs tah
cjuiathr ld Justrjno H`prhss. Vah jbwjys hoelyhc buxurnlus joc hxtrjvjijot bndh. Vah slwhc
shhc ld tah Drhofa
Drhofa Whvlbutnlo
Whvlbutnlo.. Saus, tah jutlfrjtnf
jutlfrjtnf `lojrfay,
`lojrfay, chdhftnvh jc`nonstrjtn
jc`nonstrjtnlo,
lo,

hxtrjvjijot hxphocnturh dlr`hc tah plbntnfjb fjush ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo.

Djnburhs ld H`pnrh & Hflol`y

No tah :9ta joc hjrby :1ta fhoturnhs, Drjofh wjs jt tah ahniat ld nts Hurlphjo plwhr. Sah 'Vuo
Knoi,' Bluns QNT, ajc hxpjochc Drhofa plsshssnlos hjstwjrc notl Fhotrjb Hurlph joc auih
swjtahs ld Olrta J`hrnfj, drl` Fjojcj tl Blunsnjoj, whrh uochr Drhofa flotrlb. Sans
h`pnrh joc tah wjrs, wanfa jfqunrnoi sufa hxpjosnvh thrrntlry rhqunrhc, alwhvhr, fj`h wnta
jo holr`lus gnbb. Yaho Bluns QNT cnhc no :9:8, ah bhdt tah Drhofa stjth wrjfkhc wnta
`jssnvh chgt.:4

Drjofh's sugshquhot rubhrs, Bluns QT joc Bluns QTN, olt loby ajc tl flothoc wnta tans stjth
chgt, gut whrh dlrfhc tl sphoc `ufa ld tah :1ta fhotury `jnotjnonoi jo holr`lus stjocnoi
`nbntjry trynoi uosuffhssdubby tl ajoi lo tl `joy ld tahsh plsshssnlos. Sah Vhvho ^hjrs'
Yjr (kolwo js tah Drhofa joc Nocnjo Yjr no Olrta J`hrnfj) fjushc pjrtnfubjr ajr` tl tah
stjth's dnojofhs, js Drjofh pjrtnfnpjthc no glta Hurlphjo joc Olrta J`hrnfjo tahjtrhs ld tah
flodbnft joc, no tah hoc, `hrhby blst auih j`luots ld thrrntlry js j rhsubt. Sahnr sugshquhot
 pjrtnfnpjtnlo no tah suffhssdub J`hrnfjo Whvlbutnlo durtahr crjnohc `lohy drl` tah Drhofa

:4
  Hofyfblphcnj ld tah Jih ld ]lbntnfjb Whvlbutnlos joc Ohw Nchlblinhs,
:94=‖:1:8.. Irhhowllc. p. :>=.
:94=‖:1:8

:6
 

stjth, wanbh jfanhvnoi bnttbh tjoingbh rhsubts dlr Drjofh ltahr tajo tah au`nbnjtnlo ld tahnr fanhd 
Yhsthro Hurlphjo rnvjb, Irhjt Grntjno. :9

Yanbh tah Drhofa stjth wjs wrjfkhc no chgt drl` tah hxphocnturhs tajt fj`h wnta wjr joc
h`pnrh, Drhofa dnsfjb rhstrjnot jt flurt wjs olohxnsthot. Glta Bluns QT joc Bluns QTN
lphrjthc tah Drhofa flurt drl` tah ]jbjfh ld Thrsjnbbhs, jo holr`lus joc lsthotjtnlus pjbjfh
blfjt
blfjthc
hc lu
lutsn
tsnch
ch ]jrns
]jrns jo
joc
c gu
gunb
nbtt gy Blun
Blunss QNT.
QNT. Dlr
Dlr hx
hxj`
j`pb
pbh,
h, Blun
Blunss QTN'
QTN'ss wn
wndh,
dh, @jrn
@jrnhh
Jotlnohtth, ajc j yhjrby fbltanoi jbblwjofh no tah `nbbnlos ld clbbjrs, chspnth Drjofh ghnoi
uojgbh tl pjy hvho tah nothrhst lo tah bljos nt ajc tjkho lut tl dnojofh nts h`pnrh.

HDDHFS LD DWHOFA WHTLBXSNLO

Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo ns tah irhjthst hvhot ld `lchro phrnlc. Nt nodbuhofhc tah walbh au`jo
slfnhty. Sah walbh wlrbc rhfhnvhc j `hssjih ld bnghrty, hqujbnty joc drjthronty. Sah whbdjrh

ld tah fl``lo `jo ghfj`h tah pjrj`luot prnlrnty joc rhqunrhc fajoihs whrh `jch no tahnr 
flostn
flo stntut
tutnlo
nlo gy tah cnddhrhot
cnddhrhot fluotr
fluotrnhs.
nhs. J grnhd
grnhd cnsfus
cnsfussnl
snlo
o ld tah hddhfts
hddhfts ld tah Drhofa
Drhofa
rhvlbutnlo ns js phr tah dlbblwnoi5

Hddhft lo Drjofh

Sahrh ns ol clugt tajt tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo ajc djr rhjfanoi n`pbnfjtnlo dlr tah wlrbc.
Alwhvh
Alwhvhr,
r, nt ajc nodbuh
nodbuhofh
ofhc
c drjofh
drjofh tah `lst,
`lst, tah rhvlbu
rhvlbutnl
tnlo
o ajc bhdt
bhdt dlbblw
dlbblwnoi
noi slfnjb
slfnjb,,
hflol`nf joc plbntnfjb hddhfts lo Drjofh. Drjofh ghfj`h tah rhprhshotjtnvh ld au`jonty. Nt
ijvh tl tah wlrbc ld au`jonty 6 `jno n`plrtjot `hssjihs ld bnghrty, drjthronty joc hqujbnty.
Alwhvhr, nt pjvhc tah wjy dlr rhpugbnfjo ilvhro`hots dlr rhst ld tah au`jonty waho nt
 ghfj`h suffhssdub no Drjofh. Sah h`pnrh ld Drjofh ghfj`h Drhofa ojtnlo, wanfa wjs glro
 ghfjush ld tah rhvlbutnlo.
rh vlbutnlo. Vnofh taho tahrh wjs loh drjofh no pbjfh ld cnddhrhot rhinlos. Sah
tanrty `nbbnlo Drhofa olw ajc tah hqujbnty ld stjtus js j fntnzhos ld j ojtnlo joc hqujbnty
 ghdlrh bjw dlr jbb ld tah`. Sahy whrh pjtrnlts ld tahnr ojtnlo no pbjfh ld blyjbty tl joy
cyojsty.

Hoc ld Chspltnf Wubh

Ghdlrhh tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo,

Ghdlr rhvlbutnlo, tah glurglo
glurglo dj`nby wjs rubnoi lvhr Drjofh. Sah rubhrs ld tans
cyojsty ghbnhvh no tah tahlry ld cnvnoh rniat ld knoisanp. Sahy rubhc js phr tahnr lwo wnsahs

:9
 Tnofhozl Dhrrloh, Sah Hobniatho`hot5 Anstlry ld jo Nchj (]rnofhtlo
Nchj  (]rnofhtlo X], 7=:8)

  :3
 

wan`s.:1  Sah
joc wan`s. Sah Drho
Drhofa
fa Whvl
Whvlbu
butn
tnlo
lo ch
chstr
strly
lyhc
hc ta
tahnr
hnr vh
vhry
ry hx
hxns
nsth
thof
ofh.
h. Nt hstjg
hstjgbn
bnsa
sahc
hc j
flostntutnlojb dlr` ld ilvhro`hot joc rhpugbnf no Drjofh. Sahy `jch tah Drhofa phlpbh tahnr 
lwo rubhr.

Yrnttho Flostntutnlo

Drjofh ilt ahr dnrst wrnttho flostntutnlo cuh tl tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo. Nt wjs jbsl tah dnrst
wrnttho flostntutnlo ld tah Hurlphjo flotnohot. Nt ijvh tah rniat ld drjofansh tl tah fntnzho ld 
drjofh. Sahrh whrh sl`h salrtfl`nois no tah flostntutnlo gut nt ajc usahrhc no tah ohw hrj no
Drjofh.

Chfbjrjtnlo ld au`jo rniats

Sah `jno rhsubt d tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo wjs tajt tah Drhofa phlpbh jfqunrhc `joy au`jo
rniats. Sahy whrh invho tah rniat ld hqujbnty, drhhcl` ld hxprhssnlo, htf. Sahy whrh drhh tl
lrijonzh tahnr jsslfnjtnlos. Sahy ilt tah rniat tl prlphrty. Sahy ilt hqujbnty ghdlrh bjw joc
tahy flubc jbsl lgehft tl nbbhijb jftnlos ld tah ilvhro`hot lddnfnjbs.

Jglbntnlo ld Dhucjbns`

Sah dhucjb systh` hochc cuh tl Drhofa rhvlbutnlo. Ynta tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo, tah cnddhrhofh
 ghtwhho tah prnvnbhihc joc olo- prnvnbhihc fbjss hochc. Nt wjs jo hoc ld tah lbc chspltnf
systh`.

Chfrhjsh no tah noduhofh ld faurfa5-  

Sah nodbuhofh ld tah ania prnhsts lo tah slfnhty ld Drjofh hochc. Sah prnhsts tllk ljta lo tah
ohw flostntutnlo tl `jnotjno tahnr blyjbty tl tah Drhofa ojtnlo. Sah stjth ghfj`h tah lwohr ld 

tah whjbta ld tah faurfa. Sah prnhst stjrthc rhfhnvnoi sjbjry drl` tah stjth. Lo tah ltahr ajoc,
tah drhofa phlpbh stjrthc jclptnoi rjtnlojb jttntuch no pbjfh ld tah gbnoc djnta gjshc lo
rhbninlus jddnbnjtnlos.:>

Jc`nonstrjtnvh fajoihs- Ou`hrlus fajoihs whrh `jch no tah jc`nonstrjtnvh strufturh ld 

Drjofhh cuh tl tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo.
Drjof rhvlbutnlo. J snoibh flch ld bjw wjs n`pbh`hothc
n`pbh`hothc no walbh
walbh ld tah
Drjofh joc nt wjs jbsl flcndnhc. Sah walbh ld tah fluotry wjs cnvnchc notl 16 chpjrt`hots

:1
 Tnofhozl Dhrrloh, Sah Hobniatho`hot5 Anstlry ld jo Nchj (]rnofhtlo
Nchj  (]rnofhtlo X], 7=:8)
:>
"Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo joc tah Fjtalbnf Faurfa," Anstlry Whvnhw (7=:=)
 
Nssuh 41, pp. :4‖7:.

  :8
 

dlr tah jc`nonstrjtnvh purplsh. Sah prnofnpbh ld hbhftnlo wjs jclpthc no tah jc`nonstrjtnvh jt
tah rhqunrhc pbjfhs no tah jc`nonstrjtnlo.

Wh-lrijonsjtnlo ld tah Eucnfnjb Vysth`5   Sah ojtnlojb flovhotnlo notrlcufhc j fl``lo

 eucnfnjb systh` dlr walbh ld Drjofh. Sah phojb flch wjs `jch sldt joc sj`h typhs ld 
 puonsa`hots whrh notrlcufhc dlr tah sn`nbjr typh ld frn`hs fl``ntthc gy joy phrslo wntalut
jo
joy
y cnsfr
cnsfrn`
n`no
nojt
jtnl
nlo.
o. Sah
Sah eu
eucn
cnfnj
fnjbb Vysth
Vysth`
` wjs
wjs `jch
`jch no
noch
chph
phoc
ocjo
jott ld ta
tahh hx
hxhf
hfut
utnv
nvhh jo
joc
c
bhinsbjtlr. Sah eury Vysth` wjs notrlcufhc tl try tah frn`nojb fjshs.

]ugbnf Ylrks5 @joy pugbnf whbdjrh wlrks whrh uochrtjkho cuh tl Drhofa rhvlbutnlo. Ohw
rljc
rljcss jo
joc
c fjojb
fjojbss whrh
whrh fl
flos
ostr
truf
ufth
thc.
c. Ohw
Ohw cj
cj`s
`s jo
joc
c gr
grnc
ncih
ihss whrh
whrh gu
gunb
nbc.
c. Sah
Sah bj
bjoc
oc wjs
wjs
rhfbjn`hc drl` `jrsahs dlr djr`noi. Sah hflol`nf nodrjstrufturh wjs n`prlvhc tl prl`lth
tah trjch. Sah bjrih bjocalbcnois ld tah blrcs whrh slbc tl djr`hrs jt fahjphr rjths. Sah
jirnfubturh wjs `lchronshc. Vufa n`prlvh`hots grluiat j`jznoi fajoihs no tah hflol`nf
strhoita ld Drjofh. Sah flocntnlos ld djr`hrs n`prlvhc cuh tl tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo. Sah

rhvl
rhvlbu
butn
tnlo
lo ho
hoch
chc
c ta
tahh dhucj
dhucjbb systh
systh`,
`, wanfa
wanfa bngh
bnghrj
rjth
thc
c ta
tahh dj
djr`
r`hr
hrss drl`
drl` ta
tahh gu
gurc
rcho
ho ld 
uoohfhssjry tjxhs. Sahy cnc olt ajvh tl pjy tjxhs tl tah bjocblrcs joc tntahs( tah rhbninlus
tjx) tl tah faurfa.7=

Fubturjb Hddhfts

Drjofh `jch ou`hrlus jfanhvh`hots no tah dnhbc ld jrt, sfnhofh, joc bnthrjturh cuh tl Drhofa
rhvlbu
rhvlbutnl
tnlo.
o. Ou`hrl
Ou`hrlus
us sfallb
sfallbs,
s, flbbhi
flbbhihs,
hs, uonvhr
uonvhrsnt
sntnhs
nhs joc jfjch`
jfjch`nhs
nhs whrh lphohc
lphohc no tah
fluotry. Sah sphfnjb jtthotnlo wjs pjnc tl jrt, bnthrjturh, sfnhofh, `jtah`jtnfs, thfaolbliy
joc paysnfjb trjnonoi no tah dnhbc ld hcufjtnlo.

Hddhfts lo Hoibjoc
Sah n``hcnjth hddhfts lo Hoibjoc whrh Hddhft lo rhdlr` `lvh`hots. ]nt, tah yluoihr, tah
 prn`h `nonsthr ld Hoibjoc no :91>, prjnshc joc whbfl`hc tah hvhots ld Drhofa rhvlbutnlo,
waho nt stjrthc no `jy :91>. Yaho tah grntnsahrs wjtfahc tah gbllcsahc wanfa dlbblwhc tah
rhvlbutnlo, tahy turohc jijnost nt. Alwhvhr tah `hssjih ld bnghrty, drjthronty joc hqujbnty
jrrhsthc tah jtthotnlo ld tah Grntnsa. Sahy stjrthc vjrnlus `lvh`hots dlr slfnjb joc plbntnfjb
rhdlr`s. Sah slfnjb rhdlr` `lvh`hots wanfa stjrthc js j rhsubt ld rhvlbutnlo cnvnchc tah

7=
 Ghrojrc Bhphtnt, Sah ]rh-nocustrnjb Xrgjo Vysth`5 Drjofh :93=‖:13=  (Fj`grncih
 (Fj`grncih X],
:>>3

  :4
 

Yani pjrty. Sah cnvnsnlo cuh tl nchjs ld Drhofa rhvlbutnlo whjkhohc tah Yani pjrty ld 
Grntjno. 7:

Nt bhc tl dnojofnjb frnsns no Grntjno. Grntjno stjrthc supplrtnoi tah jotn-rhvlbutnlo pjrtnhs. Nt jbsl
hxthochc tah` `lohtjry ahbp. Grntjno jbsl suddhrhc cuh tl tah hflol`nf gblfkhc bjuofahc gy
 Ojplbhlo. Nt nofrhjshc ahr dnojofnjb bnjgnbntnhs joc ahr fntnzhos whrh `jch tl suddhr tah bjc ld 
hxtrj tjxhs. Sah suffhssdub Drhofa rhvlbutnlo hoflurjihc tah rhvlbutnlojrnhs ld Nrhbjoc. Sahy
nofrhjshc tahnr rhvlbutnlojrnhs jftnvntnhs. Grntnsa ilvhro`hot wjs dlrfhc tl jclpt lpprhssnvh
`hjsurhs no Nocnj. Sah nssuh ld Drhofa rhvlbutnlo ghfj`h tah sugehft `jtthr ld tah Hoibnsa
 plhts, hssjynsts joc plbntnfjb fl``hotjtlrs.

Hddhft lo Hurlph

Wussnj, Vpjno, Justrnj joc turkhy rh`jnohc uotlufahc gy tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo. No ]lbjoc
joc Nrhbjoc, tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo hoflurjihc tah rhvlbutnlojry jftnvntnhs. Sah rhvlbutnlo
jbsl nodbuhofhc tah `nccbh fbjss ld Ihr`joy joc Ntjby. Sah rnsnoi tnch ld rhvlbutnlo no
cnddhrhot fluotrnhs ghfj`h tah fjush ld dhjr j`loi tah jutlfrjt rubhrs. Sahy elnohc tl fahfk 
tah sprhjc ld tah rhvlbutnlo.
rhvlbutnlo. Nt pusahc
pusahc Hurlph no j spjth ld jotn- rhvlbutnlo
rhvlbutnlojrnhs
jrnhs wjrs. Jdthr 
chdhjtnoi ojplbhlo, tah Hurlphjo ojtnlos lrijonshc tah Flofhrt ld Hurlph no :1:8. Nt jn`hc
jt `jnotj
`jnotjnon
nonoi
oi tah stjtus qul joc rhnostjth
rhnostjth`ho
`hott ld Hurlp
Hurlphjo
hjo blyjb
blyjb dj`nbnh
dj`nbnhs.
s. Nt wjs jbsl
jffl`pjonhc gy tah rhjftnlojry plbnfnhs jijnost tah rhvlbutnlojry `lvh`hots no Hurlphjo
fluotrnhs. Sah `jno indt ld Drhofa rhvlbutnlo wjs tah nchjs ld hqujbnty, drjthronty joc bnghrty.
Nt hochc tah tahlry ld cnvnoh rniat ld knoisanp. Nt ijvh j chjtagblw tl slfnjb stjtus gy gnrta. Nt
 ghfj`h tah fjush ld rnsh ld ojtnlojbns`.77  Sah Drhofa
Drhofa rhvlbu
rhvlbutnl
tnlo
o nodush
nodushc
c tah shosh ld 
ojtnlojbns` j`loi tah phlpbh ld Drjofh. Sah phlpbh ld Drjofh djchc tah jttjfk ld dlrhnio
 plwhr js loh ojtnlo joc nofubjthc tah dhhbnoi ld ojtnlojbns` j`loi tah`. Nt wjs sllo
dlbblwhc gy sn`nbjr rnsh ld dhhbnois ld ojtnlojbns` no ltahr fluotrnhs. Sah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo
hoflurjihc tah rubh ld bjw, tah plbntnfs ld fhosus joc ch`lfrjtnf rubh. Sah rhvlbutnlo ijvh
rnsh tl tah ohhc ld fl`noi tlihtahr jt nothrojtnlojb bhvhb no lrchr tl jfh tah fl``lo cjoihr.
Nt h`hrihc no dlr` ld Flofhrt ld Hurlph. Nt stjrthc jo hrj ld nothrojtnlojb glcnhs. Sah lrnino
ld XO(XOL) ns jbsl trjfhc tl Flofhrt ld Hurlph.

Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnl

Whvlbutnlo
o lg
lgvn
vnlu
lusb
sby
y aj
ajc
c j `jel
`jelrr n`pj
n`pjft
ft lo Hurl
Hurlph
ph jo
joc
c ta
tahh Ohw
Ohw Ylrb
Ylrbc.
c.
Anstlr
Anstlrnjo
njoss wnchby
wnchby rhijrc
rhijrc tah Whvlbutn
Whvlbutnlo
lo js loh ld tah `lst
`lst n`plrt
n`plrtjot
jot hvhots
hvhots no au`jo

7:
 Sah Irhjt Ojtnlo5 Drjofh drl` Bluns QT tl Ojplbhlo, (:9:8‖>>),
77
 Sah Irhjt Ojtnlo5 Drjofh drl` Bluns QT tl Ojplbhlo, (:9:8‖>>),

  :9
 

anstlry.  No tah salrt-thr`, Drjofh blst talusjocs ld ahr fluotry`ho no tah dlr` ld î`nirîs
anstlry. î`nirîs,, lr 
h`ni
h`nirj
rjot
otss wal
wal wn
wnsa
sahc
hc tl hsfjp
hsfjphh pl
plbn
bntn
tnfj
fjbb thosnl
thosnlos
os jo
joc
c sjvh
sjvh ta
tahn
hnrr bnvh
bnvhs.
s. J ou
ou`g
`ghr
hr ld 
nocnvncujbs shttbhc no tah ohniaglurnoi fluotrnhs (fanhdby Irhjt Grntjno, Ihr`joy, Justrnj,
joc ]russnj), alwhvhr
alwhvhr qunth j dhw jbsl whot tl tah Xonthc Vtjths.
Vtjths. Sah cnspbjfh`ho
cnspbjfh`hott ld tahsh
Drhofa`ho bhc tl j sprhjc ld Drhofa fubturh, plbnfnhs rhiubjtnoi n``nirjtnlo, joc j sjdh

ajvho dlr Wlyjbnsts joc ltahr fluothrrhvlbutnlojrnhs tl lutbjst tah vnlbhofh ld tah Drhofa
Whvlbutnlo. Sah bloi-thr` n`pjft lo Drjofh wjs prldluoc, sajpnoi plbntnfs, slfnhty, rhbninlo
joc nchjs, joc plbjrnznoi plbntnfs dlr `lrh tajo j fhotury. Sah fblshr ltahr fluotrnhs whrh,
tah irhjthr joc chhphr wjs tah Drhofa n`pjft, grnoinoi bnghrjbns` joc tah hoc ld `joy dhucjb
lr trjcntnlojb bjws joc prjftnfhs. Alwhvhr, tahrh wjs jbsl j floshrvjtnvh fluothr-rhjftnlo tajt
chdhjt
chdhjthc
hc Ojplbh
Ojplbhlo,
lo, rhnostjbbh
rhnostjbbhc
c tah Glurglo
Glurglo knois,
knois, joc no sl`h
sl`h wjys
wjys rhvhrsh
rhvhrshc
c tah ohw
rhdlr`s.

Sah fajoihs no Drjofh whrh holr`lus;

holr`lus; sl`h whrh wnchby jffhpthc
jffhpthc joc ltahrs
ltahrs whrh gntthrby
flothsthc notl tah bjth 7=ta fhotury.   Ghdlrh tah Whvlbutnlo, tah phlpbh ajc bnttbh plwhr lr 
vlnfh. Sah knois ajc sl talrluiaby fhotrjbnzhc tah systh` tajt `lst olgbhs sphot tahnr tn`h jt
Thrsjnbbhs, joc pbjyhc loby j s`jbb cnrhft rlbh no tahnr al`h cnstrnfts. Sal`pslo sjys tajt tah
knois ajc5

rubhc gy vnrtuh ld tahnr phrslojb whjbta, tahnr pjtrlojih ld tah olgnbnty, tahnr cnsplsjb
ld hffbhsnjstnfjb lddnfhs, tahnr prlvnofnjb
prlvnofnjb ilvhrolrs
ilvhrolrs ,tahnr flotrlb lvhr tah eucihs
eucihs joc
`jinstrjths, joc tahnr fl``joc ld tah Jr`y.

Jdthr tah dnrst yhjr ld rhvlbutnlo, tans plwhr ajc ghho strnpphc jwjy. Sah knoi wjs j
dniurhahjc, tah olgnbnty ajc blst jbb tahnr tntbhs joc `lst ld tahnr bjoc, tah Faurfa blst nts

`lojsthrnhs joc djr`bjocs,

`lojsthrnhs djr`bjocs, gnsalps, eucihs joc `jinstrjths
`jinstrjths whrh hbhfthc gy tah phlpbh,
tah jr`y wjs jb`lst ahbpbhss, wnta `nbntjry plwhr no tah ajocs ld tah ohw rhvlbutnlojry
 Ojtnlojb Iujrc. Sah fhotrjb hbh`hots ld :91> whrh tah sblijo " Bnghrtî, îijbntî,
 drjthrontî"" joc tah "Sah
 drjthrontî " Sah Chfbjrjtn
Chfbjrjtnlo
lo ld tah Wniats
Wniats ld @jo joc tah Fntnzho
Fntnzho",
", wanfa
Bhdhgvrh fjbbs "tah nofjrojtnlo ld tah Whvlbutnlo js j walbh.‐

Sah bloi-thr` n`pjft lo Drjofh wjs prldluoc, sajpnoi plbntnfs, slfnhty, rhbninlo joc
nchjs, joc plbjrnznoi plbntnfs dlr `lrh tajo j fhotury. Anstlrnjo Drjoélns Jubjrc wrnths5
Jubjrc wrnths5

Drl` tah slfnjb plnot ld vnhw, tah Whvlbutnlo flosnsthc no tah supprhssnlo ld wajt
wjs fjbbhc tah dhucjb systh`, no tah h`jofnpjtnlo ld tah nocnvncujb, no irhjthr cnvnsnlo
ld bjochc prlphrty, tah jglbntnlo ld tah prnvnbhihs ld olgbh gnrta, tah hstjgbnsa`hot ld 

  :1
 

hqujbn
hqujbnty,
ty, tah sn`pbn
sn`pbndnfj
dnfjtnl
tnlo
o ld bnd
bndh..
h....
.. Sah Drhofa
Drhofa Whvlbu
Whvlbutnl
tnlo
o cnddhrh
cnddhrhc
c drl`
drl` ltahr 
ltahr 
rhvlbutnlos no ghnoi olt `hrhby ojtnlojb, dlr nt jn`hc jt ghohdntnoi jbb au`jonty."

FLOFBXVNLO

Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo flofbuchc no :9>> wnta tah djbb joc jglbntnlo ld tah Drhofa `lojrfay
jo
joc
c ta
tahh rnsh
rnsh ld Ojpl
Ojplbh
bhlo
lo Gloj
Glojpj
pjrt
rth's
h's cnft
cnftjt
jtlr
lrsa
sanp
np.. No pb
pbjf
jfhh ld ta
tahh `loj
`lojrf
rfay
ay,, Drjo
Drjofh
fh
hstjgbnsahc j ch`lfrjtnf rhpugbnf chvlthc tl tah nchjs ld bnghrjbns`, shfubjrns` joc ltahr 
 panblslpanhs tajt ghfj`h plpubjr curnoi tah Hobniatho`hot. Chspnth tah ojtnlojb chvltnlo tl
rhpu
rhpugb
gbnf
nfjo
jons`
ns`,, ta
tahh h`pn
h`pnrh
rh ir
irhw
hw no
nofr
frhj
hjsno
snoib
iby
y ju
juta
talr
lrnt
ntjr
jrnjo
njo jo
joc
c `nbn
`nbntj
tjrns
rnstn
tnff uo
uoch
chrr ta
tahh
bhjchrsanp ld Ojplbhlo. Js tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo flofbuchc, tah fluotry jclpthc nts sblijo,
"Bnghrty, Hqujbnty joc Drjthronty," js j iuncnoi prnofnpbh dlr jt bhjst tah ohxt fhotury. Sah
ohw ilvhro`hot chvhblphc j flostntutnlojb systh` tajt sandthc plwhr jwjy drl` tah olgnbnty
joc nts supplrthrs. Sah chvltnlo ld tah ohw rhpugbnf tl shfubjrns` bhc tl tah chfn`jtnlo ld 
tah Fjtalbnf Faurfa no Drjofh, joc nts plwhr, nodbuhofh joc jsshts chfbnohc prhfnpntlusby
drl` nts prh-Whvlbutnlojry ahniat. Jdthr tah rhvlbutnlo, tah jirnfubturjb hflol`y grlkh jpjrt
drl` bjrih, olgnbnty-lwohc djr`s tl s`jbbhr al`hsthjcs. No urgjo fhothrs, hotrhprhohursanp
irhw jdthr tah jgshofh ld gjrrnhrs frhjthc gy tah `lojrfay joc tah olgnbnty. Lutsnch ld 
Drjofh, `joy Hurlphjo fluotrnhs, nofbucnoi Grntjno, Ihr`joy joc Ghbinu`, irhw wjry ld 
Drjofh's nofrhjsnoi `nbntjrnstnf strhjk. Sah Xonthc Vtjths' alstnbnty tlwjrcs Drjofh jbsl irhw,
wnta tah twl ojtnlos hoijinoi no tah Zujsn-Yjr drl` :9>1 tl :9>>. Nt wjs j 64= chirhh turo.
 

Drjofh
Drjofh trjchc
trjchc Bluns
Bluns xvn dlr Ojplbh
Ojplbhlo
lo Glojpj
Glojpjrth
rth,, glta
glta jutalr
jutalrntj
ntjrnjo
rnjo rhin`h
rhin`hs.
s. Gut tahy
tahy
quhstnlohc tah `lojrfa's rubh, quhstnlohc sbjvhry joc wajt whrh tah rniats ld `jo. Sahy
 grluiat nchjs ld ch`lfrjfy joc hqujbnty joc bnghrty. Sajt wjs irluocgrhjknoi studd gjfk 
taho. Sah djft tajt ylu ajvh phlpbh quhstnlonoi tah lrnino ld bjw, wahtahr nt ns gy ojturh lr 
`jo,
`jo, ph
phlp
lpbh
bh qu
quhs
hstn
tnlo
lono
noi
i ta
tahh cnvn
cnvnoh
oh rn
rnia
iats
ts ld ta
tahh `loj
`lojrfa
rfa,, nt pr
prlv
lvhs
hs al
alw
w ta
tahh Drho
Drhofa
fa
rhvlbutnlo cnc olt cl illc dlr Drjofh. Gut wh sjw tah Ajntn, tah Bjtno rhvlbutnlo sllo jdthr.
Drjofh ahbphc sprhjc nchjs ld ch`lfrjfy.
Sahrh ns ol clugt tajt tah Drhofa rhvlbutnlo ajc djr rhjfanoi n`pbnfjtnlo dlr tah
wlrbc. Alwhvhr, nt ajc nodbuhofhc Drjofh tah `lst, tah rhvlbutnlo ajc bhdt dlbblwnoi slfnjb,
hflol`nf joc plbntnfjb hddhfts lo Drjofh. Drjofh ghfj`h tah rhprhshotjtnvh ld au`jonty Sah
Drhofa Whvlbutnlo chstrlyhc tahnr vhry hxnsthofh. Nt hstjgbnsahc j flostntutnlojb dlr` ld 
ilvhro`hot joc rhpugbnf no Drjofh. Sahy `jch tah Drhofa phlpbh tahnr lwo rubhr. . Sahy

  :>
 

whrh invho tah rniat ld hqujbnty, drhhcl` ld hxprhssnlo, htf. Sahy whrh drhh tl lrijonzh tahnr 
jsslfnjtnlos. Sahy ilt tah rniat tl prlphrty. Sahy ilt hqujbnty ghdlrh bjw joc tahy flubc jbsl
lgehft tl nbbhijb jftnlos ld tah ilvhro`hot lddnfnjbs. Sah cnspbjfh`hot ld tahsh Drhofa`ho bhc
tl j sprhjc ld Drhofa fubturh, plbnfnhs rhiubjtnoi n``nirjtnlo, joc j sjdh ajvho dlr Wlyjbnsts
joc ltahr fluothrrhvlbutnlojrnhs tl lutbjst tah vnlbhofh ld tah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo. Sah bloi-

thr` n`pjft lo Drjofh wjs prldluoc, sajpnoi plbntnfs, slfnhty, rhbninlo.   Sah loh tanoi
fhrtjno ns, tajt wajtslhvhr ojtnlo hothrs lo tah pjta ld rhvlbutnlo no lur lwo cjy, nt
wnbb gh ahnr tl jbb lur dlrhdjtahrs ajvh cloh no Drjofh. Sah gbllc tahy sahc wjs
sahc dlr au`jonty --- tah suddhrnois tahy hocurhc whrh glroh dlr tah hotnrh au`jo
rjfh; tahnr struiibhs, tah nchjs tahy ijvh tl tah wlrbc, tah salfk ld talsh nchjs, jrh
jbb nofbuchc no tah ahrntjih ld `joknoc. Jbb ajvh glroh drunt joc wnbb ghjr `lrh,
stnbb dnohr, js wh jcvjofh tlwjrcs talsh wnch alrnzlos lphonoi lut ghdlrh us,
wahrh, bnkh sl`h irhjt ghjflo tl plnot tah wjy, dbj`h tah wlrcs5 BNGHWS^,

HZXJBNS^, DWJSHWONS^.

  7=
 

GNGBNLIWJ]A^

Gllks Whdhrrhc5

-Sah Lxdlrc Anstlry ld Drhofa Whvlbutnlo, (Ynbbnj` Clybh, :>1>)

-Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo5 J Anstlry( Sal`js Fjrbybh)

-Sah Drhofa Whvlbutnlo5 J vhry salrt notrlcuftnlo

-Lrninos ld tah Drhofa

Drh ofa Whvlbutnlo (Ynbbnj` Clybh,:>1=)

-Drl` Chdnfnt tl Chbuih5 tah lrninos ld Drhofa Whvlbutnlo(7=:=)

Yhgsnths5

-www.anstlry.fl`

-www.tahlxdlrcgllks.fl`

-www.illibhgllks.fl`

-www.ofhrt.fl`

-www.rhdhrhofh.fl`

  7: