Topics to be discussed in your report regarding Models in Policing

1. Historical Background
After World War II, the Police Administration Office under the United
States Military Government in Korea was established and police
administrations were created in each province.

The historical and political backgrounds of the Korean National

Police system are reviewed including the first predecessor of the
current police organization found in the Lee Dynasty in 1839. The
study selected several Korean history books as sources. Seven
stages of the development and formation of the Korean National
Police system

KNPU, established in 1979, has been the leading

institute of police education in the Repulic of
Korea.
With the emphasis on fostering global police
leader, the academy has been constantly striving
for constructing global relationship with other
academies and police organizations in the era of
global village.

2. Powers and Functions

Law enforcement services in Korea are provided by the KNPA, the national police
force. KNPA responsibilities include criminal investigations, public safety,
national security, cyber-security, traffic control, counterterrorism
and international police cooperation.

The police system has 12 functional divisions, 4 levels of different police

organizations ranging from the National Police Headquarters to the police
substation or police detachment, and 10 police ranks. In addition, the
system has a maritime unit, a combat unit, and an aircraft unit. For the
purpose of confrontation with the Communists, the police system has an
intelligence organization function which includes cooperation with the
Central Intelligence Agency and other military agencies. The Korean police
system is also seen as showing some degree of priority for State interests
over individual interests and freedom. Photographs and the Korean Criminal
Code are appended, and 22 references are provided.

3. Miscellaneous Police Service

The police station was responsible for maintaining public peace within its own precinct. The
police station had seven functioning sections: an administration and public safety section,
responsibile for operation and supervision of police substations and boxes, litigation of minor
offenses, traffic control, and crime prevention; a security section, responsible for maintaining
public order; an investigation section for investigating criminal incidents, lawsuits, booking
criminals, custody of suspects, detention-cell management, and transference of cases and
suspects involved in criminal cases to prosecution authorities; a criminal section responsibile
for crime prevention; a counterespionage section; and an intelligence section, responsible for
collection of intelligence and information. The police substation or police box took preliminary
actions in all criminal incidents, civic services, and accidents.
KNPA responsibilities include criminal investigations, public safety, national security, cyber-security,
traffic control, counterterrorism and international police cooperation.

4. Organizational Structure

5. Recruitment and Selection

 Must be Korean national
 Must hold authentic Korean permit
 Must have knowledge in speaking Korean language
 Physically Fit
 Must have strong built
 Height: (MEN 165cm. WOMEN 162 cm)
 Must be 18-35 years old

 The most typical route is to take an exam to become a police

officer. There is a police recruitment exam and a police cadet
exam. If you pass the police recruitment exam, you start at the
lowest rank as an officer. If you pass the police cadet exam,
you start at a higher rank as a lieutenant. So, about 5,000
people are selected through the police recruitment exam, but
only about 50 people are selected through the police cadet
exam. The exam is only held once a year and you can become
a police officer only after passing the written, practical, and
interview portions. Since officers are recruited by region, the
amount of competition varies, but all test takers have to face
 fierce competition as there is usually 1 successful applicant
for every 20 to 30 applicants.

6. Education and Training

Education
We will foster able police leaders who have upright character with leadership. On
the basis of
whole-rounded edcuation, we strive to raise capable police officers of excellent
problem-solving skills.
Additionally, our education is oriented to make students have requisite
competence to meet the needs of
globalized world. The main role as police academy is in fostering educated and
qualified KNPU students who can fulfill their work as police in
various fields. Within the education for knowledge and physical
ability, KNPU emphasizes the importance of whole-rounded
education for future police executives.
TRAINING
- Recruitment and training were done through the Central Police Academy, the National
Police College, and the Police Consolidated Training School.
- The Police Consolidated Training School provided advanced studies, basic training for
junior police staff, and special practical training courses for security and investigative
officers from the counterespionage echelons of police agencies. It also trained Maritime
Police instructors, key command personnel for the Combat Police force, and foreign-
language staff members.
- The Police command course consists of the Guardian Program, which is a six-month program
to train police leaders through duties, professional interpersonal skill, general education, foreign
language, IT education, study abroad, country pilgrimage, and scene experience-study.

7. Personnel Strength
Approximately half of the total strength of the KNP was formed into 350 Combat
Police/riot control companies. The percentage of Combat Police in the total force
increased during the 1980s. In 1982 there were 39,706 Combat Police, about 40 percent
of the police total. By 1987 Combat Police represented 45.8 percent of the total force
with 54,100 members.

8. Rank Classification
9. Uniform Regulation

10. Firearms and Equipment

The Smith & Wesson Model 60 revolver is a

5-shot revolver that is chambered in either
 The Smith & Wesson Model 10, previously
known as the Smith & Wesson .38 Hand
Ejector Model of 1899, the Smith & Wesson
Military & Police or the Smith & Wesson
Victory Model
- Used by Korean National Police Agency.
Also previously utilised by ROK Forces
during the Korean War and Vietnam
War.

11. Use of Information Technology/Communication Network

Korea is home to one of the world's fastest internet connections and enjoys very high online
activity. The threat of cybercrime is on the increase, particularly identity theft, online scams,
phone scams and voice-phishing. The transnational nature of these crime areas and their
links with organized crime groups around the world make the role of INTERPOL National
Central Bureau (NCB) in Seoul fundamental to maintaining national and regional security.

The Korean NCB is part of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Korean National Police Agency
(KNPA). The Director General of Foreign Affairs runs the NCB on an operational day-to-day
basis.

The NCB in Seoul is the designated point of contact for Korea's police liaison network,
providing KNPA and other law enforcement agencies with an exclusive means of operating at
global level.

By providing globally-sourced intelligence about regional crime, the NCB helps police officers
across the country to detect and investigate the flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes in
and around the country. It plays a central role in preventing the country and surrounding
region from serving international organized crime.

To boost national security and investigations for national law enforcement, the Korean NCB
has given national and border police access to INTERPOL’s databases on wanted people,
stolen passports and stolen vehicles, meaning they can quickly determine if a person is a
potential criminal or security threat.

The NCB enables police officers to regularly take part in INTERPOL-led global and regional
police operations.
12. Mobility and Transportation

Seoul police patrol car Hyundai

Solaris

TINY POLICE CAR

MOTORBIKES

Hyundai Motor's FCEV Police Bus

 13. Forensic Science Services

The nation's forensics has continued to make progress every year. In 2017 alone, the National
Forensic Service (NFS) took on some 570,000 cases, meaning one of every five crime cases was solved
through this science.
As a result, Korea's crime detection rate has risen annually, with the detection rate of murder cases
averaging 96% over the last 15 years, which is higher than those in countries like the U.S. and the U.K.
based on Interpol statistics on crime rates.

Korea's DNA forensics proved particularly useful in solving the murder of a French child living in
Seoraemaeul, the so-called French Town in Seoul's Seocho-gu neighborhood, back in 2006. When the
NFS found DNA on a toothbrush and an ear pick, both the French public and media claimed that such
evidence could not be trusted. Eventually, however, the Korean police's DNA investigation was proven
accurate, leading the French media to apologize.
In addition to DNA forensics, Korean knowhow in fingerprint scanning is considered top-notch, and
has been recognized by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Such technology proved especially
useful in when a tsunami hit Southeast Asia in December 2004, as a Korean police forensics team
identified corpses faster than those from other countries by scanning fingerprints using hot air.
More recently in Hungary, the Korean National Police Agency's (KNPA) forensics department
identified the bodies of the victims of the Danube boat accident in one hour, surprising both the
Hungarian police and media.
Korea is sharing its forensics technology with other parts of the world. Forensics experts have shared
their experience and knowhow with their counterparts in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Nigeria and Guatemala
as part of developmental cooperation projects. Police officers and forensics teams from abroad have
also visited Korea for training.

14. Police Accountabilities

The police system has 12 functional divisions, For the purpose of confrontation with the
Communists, the police system has an intelligence organization function which includes
cooperation with the Central Intelligence Agency and other military agencies. The Korean police
system is also seen as showing some degree of priority for State interests over individual
interests and freedom.

15. Disciplinary Machineries

This study seeks to explore the role of the appeal system in the police officer discipline process and to analyse
the impact of the appeal on disciplinary decision or corrective action at the individual level. We conducted this
investigation by using empirical models with approximately 5500 samples collected in South Korea. Before
exploring the role of the appeal system and empirically analysing its impact on disciplinary decisions, this study
reviews the literature on public official discipline and appeal procedures, provides an overview of the recent
police officer discipline and appeal process and describes the distribution of the number of discipline and
appeals, by breach type and year, in South Korea. To analyse the impact of appeal on disciplinary decisions,
this study accounts for various characteristics which are believed to affect disciplinary decisions. Results from
the logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression model indicate that a higher level of disciplinary
action is related to the likelihood of an individual taking an appeal which is subsequently attenuated. The
results also show that suspension and dismissal for the misconduct of police officers are more attenuated than
other disciplinary decisions. Findings reveal strong support for the hypothesised impact of the appeal system
on the disciplinary decision at the individual level. These findings have important implications for the direction
of reform for the current appeal system and police officer disciplinary system in South Korea as well as for
future research.

16. SALARY

A person working as a Police Officer in Korea (South) typically earns around

2,410,000 KRW per month. Salaries range from 1,110,000 KRW (lowest) to
3,840,000 KRW (highest). This is the average monthly salary including housing,
transport, and other benefits. Police Officer salaries vary drastically based on
experience, skills, gender, or location.