Ethiopian culture-WPS Office

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Cultural Atlas

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Ethiopian Culture

Ethiopian Culture

Core Concepts

Core Concepts

Primary Author

Nina Evason, 2018

Habesha Culture

Cultural Refinement

Patriotism

Morality

Collective Life (Mahiberawi Nuro)

Yilugnta (Selflessness and Public Self-Consciousness)

Patience

Stoicism

Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa, bordering Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Somalia, Eritrea and
Djibouti. The country has the second biggest population in Africa, with over 50% of people being under
25 years of age.1 Due to the vast size of the population, it is important to recognise that descriptions of
Ethiopian cultural customs can vary significantly. There are many distinct cultural practices that are
specific to people’s region, ethnicity or religion. Despite this diversity, Ethiopians are generally united by
their patriotism and pride in the country’s overarching cultural identity.
Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, once ruled as a dynasty by a series of monarchs. It
is distinct from most other African nations as it is one of the only countries that successfully resisted
European colonisation. It also has a historical connection to Christianity, with the region adopting the
religion before many Western nations were exposed to it. This legacy of the country’s independence and
the Ethiopian ‘Tewahedo’ Orthodox Church are very important to Ethiopians’ sense of national pride.
Their sense of morality and cultural refinement are shaped by centuries of practice, and continue to
inform how they see themselves in the contemporary setting. Generally speaking, Ethiopians are
renowned for being welcoming, considerate, cooperative and non-confrontational people.

Habesha Culture and Identity

Ethiopians and Eritreans both generally identify as ‘habesha’. This term is used to describe the unique
culture and people of the Ethiopian/Eritrean region, regardless of ethnicity. Historically, “habesha”
exclusively referred to the Semitic tribes and ethnicities in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia (such as the
Amhara, Tigray and Tigrinya people). Today, however, habesha is commonly used as a unifying word to
describe all people in the region, regardless of ethnicity or tribe. The habesha identity and culture is a
very important source of pride for many Ethiopians as it encapsulates the way their culture differs from
the rest of Africa. The word is also used in Omotic and other languages, and by some ethnicities in other
countries.

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