Greade 7 Note Unit 3

Grade 7 PVA Unit 3 note
Indigenous music history and indigenous music artists

It is known that Indigenous music educations in Ethiopia were used by church personals since 500 AD.
But also the modern music education in Ethiopia is the recent phenomenon emerged with modern
education as one of performing arts curriculum since 1950s. The music education and training has been
playing a vital role in offering multicultural awareness for nation and nationalities of Ethiopian societies.
Music is used as additionally part of almost every human activity, which can and does shape, support
social, political, economic, linguistic, religious and other kinds of behavior”. The dimension of music cuts
across all aspects of culture consisting of: -
A. Material culture and its approvals,
B. Social institutions,
C. Mind and universe
D. Aesthetic and language.
Music is believed to yield crucial information in various aspects of culture including education, social
and political scopes, in reconstructing culture history, entertainment etc. Ethiopia has a vast range of
cultural heritages. Such cultural experiences and heritages are found and programmed in many forms,
symbols, rituals, design, art facts, music, dance, proverbs, poetry, architecture, technology, science and
oral traditions.
Indigenous music
The word ‘indigenous’ is an adjective used of a person, language, culture, or some aspect of culture.
As commonly used, ‘indigenous’ means something similar to the older word ‘native’; nowadays not
considered ‘polite’ given its implications of meaning of ‘primitive’ and all the associated negative
implications.
The importance of Indigenous music
Musical cultures in an advanced stage of development show melody at the center of their art.
Ethiopian music has evolved the greatest variety in melody, vocal and instrumental and refined,
communal and individual, monophonic and textured. In it’s the most wonderful state of evolution, as in
the late “lalibelotch” (minstrels) or the ”Azmariwotch” (Troubadours) musical performance.
Dance Education
Dance education explores ways that human bodies move “through space and time with energy or
effort”. These practices offer multiple ways for learners to engage with, make sense of, and respond to
their world through various approaches and in diverse dance education contexts.
Indigenous Dance
Dance experiences contribute to personal, social, economic, cultural, and civic aspects of life. Dance
serves multiple purposes that permeate cultures worldwide, including performing, healing, entertaining,
celebrating, socializing, learning, worshiping, becoming physically fit, and communicating.
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Indigenous Knowledge in Theatre and Film
Indigenous (traditional), or local knowledge refer to the understandings and forms such as intentions,
desires, and emotions guiding principles of behaviors, skills possessed by societies with long histories of
interaction with their natural surroundings. This knowledge has been orally passed from one generation
to another.
On the other hand, there are disadvantages of indigenous or traditional knowledge.
Those disadvantages are as follows:
 Remoteness and geographical isolation.
 Widespread poverty.
 Substandard housing and overcrowding.
 Low parental involvement.
On the other hand, indigenous beliefs, customs and practices may vary according to time. This is the
main disadvantage of indigenous knowledge. Sometimes the knowledge of indigenous people may be
wrong when comparing with scientific knowledge. It also results in the wrong prediction about a
particular thing.
Generally, Ethiopia has diversified cultures that have rich oral and ritual traditions of indigenous
knowledge to be shared, so we have to advert and promote our own form of folklore, experiences,
traditional, rituals, history, and the current situations of Ethiopian societies through theatre and film
mediums.
Visual arts
Indigenous painting of hand crafts (manuscripts, paintings and pottery)
Indigenous Painting
Ethiopian art refers to any form of ancient and contemporary art tracing from the 4th century until the
20th century. It can be divided into two broad groupings. First comes a distinctive tradition of Christian
art, mostly for churches, in forms including painting, crosses, icons, illuminated manuscripts, and other
metalwork such as crowns. Secondly there are popular arts and crafts such as textiles, basketry and
jewelry, in which Ethiopian traditions is closer to those of other peoples in the region.
Ethiopian Artist
Let has talk about a few artists who have played a major role in the history of Ethiopian art.
World Laureate Meter Artist Afewerk Tekle 1932 -- 2012

World Laureate Meter Artist AfewerkTekle was born in 1932 in Ankober. He grew up under the Italian
occupation during WWII. Following the war in 1947 Afewerk decided that he wanted to help rebuild
Ethiopia And got elected to go to England to study Engineering. Before going to England, Afewerk recalls
being told by Emperor Haile Selassie I “You must work very hard, and when you came back do not tell us
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about the tall buildings you saw in Europe, or what wide streets they have, but make sure you return
equipped with the skills and the mindset to rebuild Ethiopia”.
Ale FelegeSelam (1924-2016)
Ale Felege Selam Heruy (1924 11 July 2016) was an Ethiopian painter. He founded the Addis Ababa
School of Art in 1957, renamed in his honor to Ale School of Fine Arts and Design.
GebreKristosDesta 1932-1981
Gebre Kristos Desta Nego (1932–1981) (also Gebrekristos Desta) was an Ethiopian artist and poet. He is
credited with bringing modern art to Ethiopia Both his paintings and poems stirred controversy among
his countryfolk. He died young, at 50, as a refugee living in the United States, but despite his short life he
transformed Ethiopian art influenced many a young artist.
Zerihun Yetmgeta
Zerihun Yetmgeta (born 1941 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) Zerihun Yetmgeta is an Ethiopian artist. His
paintings and mixed media pieces combine elements of contemporary art with traditional forms of his
native Ethiopia, particularly from the icons and scrolls of Ethiopian Orthodox art.
Mezgebu Tesema
Mezgebu Tesema, a contemporary painter, is known for his real life reflections mainly from rural
livelihood. Though many regard him as a realist painter, he prefers not to be regarded as a practitioner
in a category.
Mezgebu is known for his 10square meter painting Nigise a highly festive event to the Ethiopian
Orthodox Church.
Tadesse Mesfin
Tadesse Mesfin (1953) is a giant of the Ethiopian art scene(place). He holds a unique position as both a
figurehead of the Ethiopian modernist movement and as a long-time educator through his role as a
professor at the influential Alle School of Fine Art and Design in Addis Ababa.
Ethiopian Manuscripts
In Sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia is exceptional in that It had its own written tradition — in Gé’éz
(Ethiopia, old Ethiopia), an indigenous Semitic language from a very early period, while Ethiopian
Christian literature in Ge’ez is unique in terms of quantity and quality of the works.
Writing existed in Ethiopia long before the production of literature and manuscripts, and left traces in
the form of epigraphic monuments. The main type of Ethiopian handwritten book is the codex, made of
folded parchment leaves which are collected in gatherings, sewn together, and given covers. The codex
(mäshaf, branna) has dominated the local manuscript culture throughout its history. It is impossible
today to establish the exact time when it was first introduced to Ethiopia, but the earliest known
Ethiopian manuscripts are codices. The size of the codex varies greatly, depending on the time of
preparation and the given text: from “pocket-size” books to volumes more than 45 cm in height, so
heavy that a grown man could hardly carry them.
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Crafts
Ethiopia has a long tradition of producing collectable artifacts unique to its various cultures.
Ethiopians produce modern handicraft work often of a high standard and at an affordable price, and
there are also a number of older items, which may command premium prices. In particular, the tourist
should consider supporting Ethiopian trade, by buying basketwork and agilgels, silver and crosses,
textiles, religious paintings and manuscripts, woodwork, gourds, choicho and calabashes, stonework and
pottery.
Pottery
These traditional pieces of pottery were crafted by women’s. Pottery remains alive today, mainly by
women who inherited their mothers’ skills before them. In fact, the women started to organize and
form associations to better practice their art and produce better quality. There’s even a general rule of
conduct, stuff like not making similar items and specializing in different capacities (figurines, pots,
plates…). These communities are not only a way for them to survive but for the art itself to survive.
የማይጻፍ!!!
 Soft copy ከፈለጋችሁ በ Telegram username :- @grade7pva ላይ ታገኛላችሁ
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Grade 7 PVA Unit 3 note

Indigenous music history and indigenous music artists

World Laureate Meter Artist Afewerk Tekle 1932 -- 2012

 Soft copy ከፈለጋችሁ በ Telegram username :- @grade7pva ላይ ታገኛላችሁ

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