SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: English Grade 10 Level 10 Quarter 1 Week 1

MELC: Observe the language of research, campaigns, and advocacies
Competency Code: _EN10G-Iva-32_
Name ___________________________ Section ________ Date_____________
School __________________________ District __________________________

A. Readings/Discussions
Key Points to Ponder on:
Directions: Enrich your knowledge more by reading the useful information below.
A.1 It has been said that research is a key to progress. There can be no
progress without research in almost all of human activities and endeavors. As a
student, you will grow more if you will be able to experience conducting a
research. It will be very exciting at the same time challenging. For now, read the
essential information about research and try to understand its language more.

Definition of Research
It is a careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem using
scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “Research is a
systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. Research
involves inductive and deductive methods.”
Inductive research methods are used to analyze an observed event. Deductive methods are used
to verify the observed event. Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative research and
deductive methods are more commonly associated with quantitative research.
Research is conducted with a purpose to understand:
 What do organizations or businesses really want to find out?
 What are the processes that need to be followed to chase the idea?
 What are the arguments that need to be built around a concept?
 What is the evidence that will be required for people to believe in the idea or concept?
Characteristics of Research
1. A systematic approach must be followed for accurate data. Rules and procedures are an integral
part of the process that set the objective. Researchers need to practice ethics and a code of
conduct while making observations or drawing conclusions.
2. Research is based on logical reasoning and involves both inductive and deductive methods.
3. The data or knowledge that is derived is in real time from actual observations in natural settings.
4. There is an in-depth analysis of all data collected so that there are no anomalies associated with it.
5. Research creates a path for generating new questions. Existing data helps create more
opportunities for research.
6. Research is analytical in nature. It makes use of all the available data so that there is no
ambiguity in inference.
7. Accuracy is one of the most important aspects of research. The information that is obtained
should be accurate and true to its nature. For example, laboratories provide a controlled
environment to collect data. Accuracy is measured in the instruments used, the calibrations of
instruments or tools, and the final result of the experiment.
What are the types of research? Following are the types of research methods:
 Basic research: A basic research definition is data collected to enhance knowledge. The main
motivation is knowledge expansion. It is a non-commercial research that doesn’t facilitate in
creating or inventing anything. For example: an experiment to determine a simple fact.
Applied research: Applied research focuses on analyzing and solving real-life problems. This type
refers to the study that helps solve practical problems using scientific methods. Studies play an
important role in solving issues that impact the overall well-being of humans. For example: finding
a specific cure for a disease.
Problem oriented research: As the name suggests, problem-oriented research is conducted to
understand the exact nature of a problem to find out relevant solutions. The term “problem” refers
to multiple choices or issues when analyzing a situation.
For example, revenue of a car company has decreased by 12% in the last year. The following
could be the probable causes: there is no optimum production, poor quality of a product, no
advertising, or economic conditions.
Problem solving research: This type of research is conducted by companies to understand and
resolve their own problems. The problem-solving method uses applied research to find solutions to
the existing problems.
Qualitative research: Qualitative research is a process that is about inquiry. It helps create in-
depth understanding of problems or issues in their natural settings. This is a non-statistical
method.
Qualitative research is heavily dependent on the experience of the researchers and the questions
used to probe the sample. The sample size is usually restricted to 6-10 people. Open-ended
questions are asked in a manner that encourages answers that lead to another question or group
of questions. The purpose of asking open-ended questions is to gather as much information as
possible from the sample.
The following are the methods used for qualitative research:
1. One-to-one interview 3. Ethnographic research 5. Case study research
2. Focus groups 4. Content/ Text Analysis
Quantitative research: Qualitative research is a structured way of collecting data and analyzing it to
draw conclusions. Unlike qualitative methods, this method uses a computational and statistical
process to collect and analyze data. Quantitative data is all about numbers.
Quantitative research involves a larger population — more people means more data. With more
data to analyze, you can obtain more accurate results. This method uses close-ended
questions because the researchers are typically looking to gather statistical data.
Online surveys, questionnaires, and polls are preferable data collection tools used in quantitative
research. There are various methods of deploying surveys or questionnaires.
Online surveys allow survey creators to reach large amounts of people or smaller focus groups for
different types of research that meet different goals. Survey respondents can receive surveys on
mobile phones, in emails, or can simply use the internet to access surveys.
What Is the Purpose of Research?
There are three purposes of research:
1. Exploratory: As the name suggests, exploratory research is conducted to explore a group of
questions. The answers and analytics may not offer a final conclusion to the perceived problem.
It is conducted to handle new problem areas which haven’t been explored before. This
exploratory process lays the foundation for more conclusive research and data collection.
2. Descriptive: Descriptive research focuses on expanding knowledge on current issues through a
process of data collection. Descriptive studies are used to describe the behavior of a sample
population. In a descriptive study, only one variable is required to conduct the study. The three
main purposes of descriptive research are describing, explaining, and validating the findings. For
example, a study conducted to know if top-level management leaders in the 21st century
possess the moral right to receive a huge sum of money from the company profit.
3. Explanatory: Explanatory research or causal research is conducted to understand the impact of
certain changes in existing standard procedures. Conducting experiments is the most popular
form of casual research. For example, a study conducted to understand the effect of rebranding
on customer loyalty.
A.2
Advocacies and campaigns can influence policy change, or build political
support for an issue that affects people, the community or the world. You will be
knowing more about the two through the notes below. Read and study them carefully.

Advocacy is a political process by an individual or group which aims to influence public-

policy and resource allocation decisions within political, economic, and social systems and
institutions.
Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes including
media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research and others.

Campaigning in Advocacy:
 A campaign provides a framework in which processes of advocacy can be easily
developed.
 The design of a campaign let the advocacy action meet other activities and
dimensions that go beyond the specific objective of the advocacy.
 It raises awareness to people.
AWARENESS RAISING:

 It is intended to make the problem to be addressed known

by the general public
 Requires a systematization of the information available-it
is a training for the campaign developers
 It is usually seen as the first step of advocacy, therefore
groups engage into it at the beginning of the process
 There are many ways to implement it:
1. Public talks and conferences
2. Seminars on the topic
3. Street performances
4. Broadcasting of flyers and other printed materials
5. Viral mails/videos
6. Actions in social networks (facebook, twitter…)

Source:https://www.slideshare.net/CCIVS/an-introduction-to-advocacy-andcampaigning
Additional notes on advocacy:
WHAT IS ADVOCACY?
Before direct action comes planning, and before planning comes an understanding of what needs
to be put in the plan. So here's a reminder of what advocacy is
 Advocacy is active promotion of a cause or principle
 Advocacy involves actions that lead to a selected goal
 Advocacy is one of many possible strategies, or ways to approach a problem
 Advocacy can be used as part of a community initiative, nested in with other components.
 Advocacy is not direct service
  Advocacy does not necessarily involve confrontation or conflict
Several ingredients make for effective advocacy, including:
 The rightness of the cause
 The power of the advocates (i.e., more of them is much better than less)
 The thoroughness with which the advocates researched the issues, the opposition, and the
climate of opinion about the issue in the community
 Their skill in using the advocacy tools available (including the media)
 Above all, the selection of effective strategies and tactics
For some people, advocacy is a new role. It may be uncomfortable--particularly if confrontation and
conflict are involved. But, for others, advocacy is more attractive than setting up and running
service programs in the community.
Important Notes on Campaigns:
FEATURES OF CAMPAIGNS
In their classic study of campaigns, Everett Rogers and Douglas Storey (1987)
identified four features shared by most campaigns:
1. A campaign is purposeful. That is, “specific outcomes are intended to result
from the communication efforts of a campaign” (p. 818).
2. A campaign is aimed at a large audience. A campaign’s purpose usually
requires an organized effort going beyond communication with just one or a few
people; it aims to persuade enough people to make a difference.
3. A campaign often has a specifically defined time limit. The desired outcome
of a campaign—a vote or passage of a law, for example—must be achieved by some
deadline, when the window for any further action will close.
4. A campaign involves an organized set of communication activities. These
activities are particularly evident in construction of the campaign’s message and in
efforts to educate and/or mobilize different constituencies.
SOURCE: Everett M. Rogers & Douglas D. Storey, “Communication Campaigns,” in C. R.
Berger & S. H. Chaffee (Eds.), Handbook of Communication Science (pp. 817–846).
Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1987.
Examples:
Directions: Study the example below and answer the questions that follow.
ORAL INTERACTIVE ACTIVITIES IN ENHANCING SPEAKING SKILLS IN GRADE 10 LEARNERS
(An Excerpt) by R.P.C.
In the fast-paced modern world that we are in, being able to communicate effectively has been a
common problem to many people. Thus, teachers play a very vital role in letting the learners understand
that communication is the heart of all situations. Sad to say, our students find difficulty in speaking
effectively to convey their ideas and in most cases these are bottled up in their minds. In a classroom
setting, one tends to forget that the two important elements to speaking effectively are what you say which
means your choice of words and how you say which should always be emphasized. According to Abella,
Benlot and Paz (2003), the learners need multi-faceted information and a variety of skills. Hence, they
should be guided well in acquiring these skills especially the speaking skills which are deemed to be one of
the weaknesses of many of our students. This is where active learning with the use of interactive activities
comes in as big help.
Our learners need to realize that there are numerous active oral interactive strategies that can help
them learn and at the same time enjoy. Learners have to equip themselves with readiness and openness to
accept learning and active learning techniques that will benefit them a lot. They need to realize that the key
that opens the door to success is their interest and motivation to improve their communication skills more.
One should always be reminded that everything that one does results from communication. In
understanding and completion of tasks, these skills are deemed important. From following simple
instructions and rules at home and in school even securing an interview and getting a job, everybody needs
communication. Communicating one’s thoughts and exchanging ideas be it verbal or written are supposedly
expected from our learners. According to Harmer (2007) human communication is a complex process, but
no matter how complex it can get, we need communication when we want to say something and transmit
information. Speakers make use of this process when we inform someone about something. We apply
language according to our own goals and reasons.
Therefore, we should not fail to remind our learners that in order to be understood, they need to
communicate. They should remember that great wisdom, brilliant ideas and excellent philosophies are
useless once they are kept hidden since learners don’t have the courage and confidence to share them.
Scenarios like these are not new in the public school setting. Learners who cannot verbalize their ideas and
who need prodding in order to stand due to shyness are prevalent in the public schools. The lack of
speaking skills and confidence among learners have been an observable, repetitive, unsolved and alarming
problem in the public school schools especially in the school where the researcher teaches.
Processing Questions:
1. What is the text about? (subject/ focus)
2. What is the writer’s goal in writing the text? (purpose)
3. Who is the target reader of the text? (audience)
4. Does the writer use scholarly evidences or references?
5. What does the text clearly advocate?
6. Is the language used formal or informal? Why do you say so?
Directions: Read about inspiring Filipino advocacies. Explain in two-three sentences how
their advocacies help people.
1. Diana Soto Dayao (Manila Street Love)
What is your advocacy and its significance? My advocacy is to
bring back love and joy to the streets – with focus on the homeless
kids and senior citizens. There’s been a rubble of blood,
hopelessness, and darkness on our streets and with Manila Street
Love, we try to introduce some light and love via our mobile outreach
and campaigns. Why is it important to me? I drive around the streets
almost every day and I don’t really see much help is given. We forget
they are people too and if we can make an impact at the moment why
not? If we want to develop as a society, we need to connect and move
forward together. Ultimately, I’d like to promote a culture of high
uplifting the low, and love overpowering hate.
How would you encourage others to do their own part? For the
past 10 outreach I’ve organized, I’ve been adopting the Pinoy value of
“bayanihan.” For every outreach, I invite a handful of volunteers and
(Source: IG: @dianasotodayao FB Artist Page: Diana D.) donors to take part and chip in.
I encourage the young to go out there and hold your own outreach. It’s not all about material things
all the time – its taking time, sharing what you got, laughing with the kids, buying for the
hardworking street vendors. Leave trails of smiles, not trash.
2. Crystal Francisco (YWCA Debate Camp)
What is your advocacy and its
significance? The YWCA Debate
Cup is a debate camp and
tournament for public high school
students, sponsored by the YWCA
Founder’s Federation and the La
Salle Debate Society. The goal of the
program is to hone students’ public-
speaking and communications skills,
to use debate as a tool to discuss
issues that concern us and the world
around us, and to develop future
leaders who will have a greater
Figure 1(IG: @crystalannefrancisco Twitter: @msfuturepresz) understanding of the world, and who
will choose to speak out for those
who cannot do so for themselves.
How would you encourage others to do their own part? Please encourage young people you
know to pursue debate, if they have it in their schools! It sounds nerdy, but I promise, they will
come out better people for it. Or, maybe you’re not a student but you feel like the principle of
debate resonates with you – push yourself to read more, beyond your Facebook and Twitter feed.
Remember that the point of debate is not to remain in a constant state of argumentation, but to find
answers to questions, solutions to challenges.
C. Assessment/ Application
A. Directions: Give three words/phrases conveyed in the campaign picture below.

https://itsmorefuninthephilippines.co.uk/news/rediscovering-why-its-more-fun-in-the-philippines/

B.
An ecobrick is a plastic bottle packed with used plastic to a set density.
They serve as reusable building blocks. Ecobricks can be used to produce various
items, including furniture, garden walls and other structures. Ecobricks are
produced primarily as a means of managing consumed plastic by sequestering it
and containing it safely, by terminally reducing the net surface area of the packed
plastic to effectively secure the plastic from degrading into toxins and micro
plastics.

Directions: Answer the given question and provide a two-

three sentence-explanation.

Aside from ecobricks, what environmental-friendly projects

would you advocate and recommend?

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecobricks
 C. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity:
Directions: Supply the missing ideas to complete the paragraph.
I have observed that the language used for campaigns, researches and
advocacies is ______________________. The three of them are similar in terms
of _______________________________________________________. I have
observed also with the given texts and examples that there should be a target
audience in order to ____________________. It has a purpose that serves as
___________________. The purpose and the language at times should be
persuasive and logical because_______________________________________

________________________________________________________________.
Directions: Complete the table by providing the needed information.
Chosen Research Reasons for the Benefits to one’s Benefits for the Importance of the
chosen research self other people chosen research
Research
about___________

Always remember that the language of research, campaign and advocacies should be
objective, unbiased, purposeful, formal and impersonal and can be persuasive or logical. Enjoy
learning and keep safe!

References:
Department of Education Republic of the Philippines. (2015). Celebrating Diversity through World Literature (First ed.).
REX Book Store, Inc.
Abella,R., Benlot S. & Paz, J. (1998).ENGCOM2-ESP/EAP. Maguikay, Mandaue
City:Carangue Printing Corporation .
Harmer, J. (2007). How to teach English. Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.
Slideshare.net, accessed by September 13, 2020, https://www.slideshare.net/CCIVS/an-introduction-to-advocacy-and-
campaigning
Wheninmanila.com, accessed by September 13, 2020,https://www.wheninmanila.com/inspiring-pinoy-advocates-talk-
about-advocacies/
It’s more fun in the Philippines.com. accessed by September 13, 2020,
https://itsmorefuninthephilippines.co.uk/news/rediscovering-why-its-more-fun-in-the-philippines/
Reputation Today. Accessed by September 11, 2020, https://reputationtoday.in/advocating-advocacy-communication/
Community Tool Box.Accessed by Septemebr 13, 2020,https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/advocacy-
principles/overview/main
QuestionPro. Accessed by Septemerb 13, 2020, https://www.questionpro.com/blog/what-is-research/
Prepared by: Edited by:

ROXANNE P. CANDO
MT-I English (TULAY NHS-MINGLANILLA 1 Reviewed by:
GUIDE
For the Teacher
QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED BY THE LEARNERS

What is research, its What are campaigns How can research be What can you say about Why are campaigns,
kinds and and advocacies? associated or linked to the language used in researches and
characteristics? campaigns and research, campaigns advocacies important?
advocacies? and advocacies?

For the Learner For the Parent/Home Tutor