1

WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Precalculus Grade 11/12, Quarter 2, Week 6

IDENTITY AND CONDITIONAL EQUATIONS

THE FUNDAMENTAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

Learning Objective:
After going through this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:

• Determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional equation

(STEM_PC11T-IIe-1)

• Apply trigonometric identities to find other trigonometric values

Time Allotment: Week 6 – February 8-12, 2021

Key Concepts
Identity and Conditional Equations
The Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Precalculus Learner’s Material (173-180)

Exercises / Activities

Activity No. 1
EVALUATE AND IDENTIFY

Activity Background:

This lesson builds on the understanding of the different trigonometric

functions by discovery, deriving, and working with trigonometric identities as well as
identifying identity and conditional equations.
An identity is an equation that is true for all values of the variable in the
domain of the equation otherwise, it is a conditional equation.

What you need: pen, notebook/paper

What to do: There are two groups of equations, evaluate them by assigning x to any
values. Answer the questions that follow.

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 2

GROUP A GROUP B
𝑥2 − 1 = 0 𝑥 2 − 1 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥 + 7)2 = 𝑥 2 + 49 (𝑥 + 7)2 = 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 49
𝑥2 − 4 𝑥2 − 4
= 2𝑥 − 1 =𝑥+2
𝑥−2 𝑥−2

Guide Questions:
1. After evaluating, what can you observe with the values on the left and right side
of the equation in Group A? in Group B?

2. In group A, do all values of x makes the equation true?

3. In group B, do all values of x makes the equation true?

4. What kind of equations are there in Group A? in Group B?

Activity No. 2
WHICH IS WHICH?

Activity Background:
An identity is an equation that is true for all values of the variable in the
domain of the equation otherwise, it is a conditional equation.

What you need: pen, notebook/paper

What to do: Determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional by writing

I if the equation given is an identity, write C if it is a conditional equation

3 3 3
1. 𝑥 3 − 2 = (𝑥 − √2)(𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 + √4)

2. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 + 1
3. sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 − 1
1−√𝑥 1−2√𝑥+𝑥
4. =
1+√𝑥 1−𝑥

Guide Questions:
1. What kind of equations is in items 1 and 4?

2. What kind of equations is in items 2 and 3?

3. How did you distinguish an identity equation from a conditional equation?

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 3

Activity No. 3
FILL-IN THE BOX

Activity Background

Recall that P(x,y) is the terminal point on the unit circle corresponding to 𝜃 then
we have
1 1
sin 𝜃 = 𝑦 , csc 𝜃 = so we can say that csc 𝜃 =
𝑦 sin 𝜃
1 1 RECIPROCAL
cos 𝜃= x , sec 𝜃 = so we can say that sec 𝜃 =
𝑥 cos 𝜃 IDENTITIES
𝑦 𝑥 1
tan 𝜃 = , cot 𝜃 =
𝑦
so we can say that cot 𝜃 =
tan 𝜃
𝑥
so we can
also say that

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

QUOTIENT
IDENTITIES

What you need: pen, notebook/paper

What to do: Copy the given items in your notebook then fill in each box with the
missing reciprocal or quotient identities to simplify.

tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

1. = = =1
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

1 1
csc 𝑦 sin 𝑦 sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦
2. = 1 = sin 𝑦 =
sec 𝑦 sin 𝑦 sin 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 cos 𝑦

cos 𝑥
3. cot 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥

tan 𝑦 tan 𝑦
4. = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦
cot 𝑦 cot 𝑦

cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
5. = cos 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
cot 𝑥
sin 𝑥

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 4

Guide Questions:
1. What are the two fundamental trigonometric identities in the activity?

2. How many are the reciprocal identities? Enumerate them.

3. How many are the quotient identities? Enumerate them.

Activity No. 4
FOLLOW ME!

Activity Background: EVEN – ODD IDENTITIES

The first two of the negative identities can be obtained from the graphs of the
sine and cosine functions, respectively. (See previous module on graphs of sine and
cosine)

sin(−𝜃) = − sin 𝜃

cos(−𝜃) = cos 𝜃

The third identity can be derived as follows:

sin(−𝜃) − sin 𝜃
tan(−𝜃) = = = − tan 𝜃
cos(−𝜃) cos 𝜃
or simply

tan(−𝜃) = − tan 𝜃

PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES

If P(x, y) is the terminal point on the unit circle corresponding to 𝜃, then 𝑥 2 +

𝑦2 = 1. Since sin 𝜃 = y and cos 𝜃 = x, we get 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 or

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏

What you need: pen, notebook/paper

What to do: Derive the third Pythagorean identity, the second Pythagorean identity
is done for your reference. Follow the procedure given.

1. Use the first Pythagorean identity:

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 5

2. Divide both sides of the equation by 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝟏
𝟐 + 𝟐 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽

3. Simplify. Use reciprocal or quotient identities

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝟏
𝟐 + 𝟐 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽

𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽

4. You have derived another Pythagorean identity!

𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽

IT IS YOUR TURN! START HERE!

1. Use the first Pythagorean identity:

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏
2. Divide both sides of the equation by 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝟏
𝟐 + 𝟐 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽

3. Simplify. Use reciprocal or quotient identities

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝟏
𝟐 + 𝟐 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽

𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽

4. You have derived another Pythagorean identity!

𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 6

Guide Questions:

1. What is other fundamental trigonometric identities presented in the activity?

2. How many are the even- odd identities? Enumerate them.

3. How many are the Pythagorean identities? Enumerate them.

Activity No. 5
WHAT IS MISSING?

Activity Background:
These are the fundamental trigonometric identities.

What you need: pen, notebook/paper

What to do: Supply the missing part of the process using the Pythagorean, reciprocal
and quotient identities. Clues are given.

1. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 Given

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃( 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃) Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃( ______________) Write the missing Pythagorean identity
1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃( ) Reciprocal identity then simplify
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

= ____ Final answer

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 7

1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
2. Given
1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
= Write the missing Pythagorean identity

= 1 Reciprocal identity
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
= Quotient identity
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃

= ____ Final answer

Activity No. 6
COMPLETING THE SQUAD

Activity Background:

We can also use trigonometric identities to find the value of other trigonometric
functions

Example
5
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 < 0
2

Since secant is the reciprocal of cosine and it’s positive so θ lies either in QI or QIV,
but tan 𝜃 < 0 (negative) is in QII or QIV, so the 𝛉 lies in QIV.

Note: secant and cosine functions must be positive since θ lies in QIV

5 1 2
1. sec 𝜃 = 2. cos 𝜃 = =
2 sec 𝜃 5

To find sin 𝜃 , use the Pythagorean identity:

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
sin 𝜃 = ± √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

Note: sine and cosecant functions must be negative since θ lies in QIV

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 8

2 2 4 25 4 21 √21
3. sin 𝜃 = − √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = −√1 − ( ) = −√1 − = −√ − = −√ = −
5 25 25 25 25 5

1 5 5√21
4. csc 𝜃 = =− (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒) = −
sin 𝜃 √21 21

To rationalize:
5 √𝟐𝟏 5√21 5√21
( )= =
√21 √𝟐𝟏 √441 21

Note: tangent and cotangent functions must be negative since θ lies in QIV
√21
sin 𝜃 −
5. tan 𝜃 = = 5 = − 5√21 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦) = − √21
cos 𝜃 2 10 2
5

1 2 2√21
6. cot 𝜃 = = − (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒) = −
tan 𝜃 √21 21

What you need: pen, notebook/paper

What to do: Apply trigonometric identities to find other trigonometric values.

𝟑
A. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝜽 = − 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 > 𝟎.
𝟒

Quadrant :

1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

2. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃

3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

4. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃

5. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃

6. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 9

B. 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽 < 𝟎.

Quadrant :

1. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃

2. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃

3. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1)

4. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

5. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃)

6. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

Guide Questions:
1. What should be determined first before solving the given in this activity?

2. What is the function of determining the quadrant? Does it help you?

3. Can you find the other remaining trigonometric functions given only 1
trigonometric function?

Reflection
1. Why is there a need for us to distinguish an identity equation from a conditional
equation?

2. In your everyday life, how do you distinguished wants from needs?

3. Is knowledge of fundamental trigonometric identities helps you as a student?

4. How would you describe your identity as a person?

References for learners:

Ascano, Joy P., Jesus, Lemuel Jr. L., Olofernes, Arnel D., Tolentino, Mark Anthony
C., Precalculus Learner’s Material. First Edition, Quezon City: Department of
Education, 2016.

Bacani, Jerico B., Eden, Richard B., Estrada, glenn Rey A., Francisco, Flordeliza F.,
Precalculus Teacher’s Material. First Edition, Quezon City: Department of Education,
2016.

Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil

School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: [email protected]
 Email address: [email protected]
Division: Agusan del Norte
School/Station: Senior High School in Carmen, Carmen District I
Author: Mary Joy Dolorido Boquil
Activity No. 1: Activity No. 4: FOLLOW ME!
EVALUATE AND IDENTIFY 1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 1
Guide Questions: 2. + =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
1. In Group A, the values on the left 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 1
is not equal to the values on the 3. + =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
right side of the equation. In
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
Group B, the left and the right
values are equal. 4. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
2. not all/ some values of x Guide Questions:
3. yes, all values of x 1. even- odd and pythagorean
4. Group A- conditional equations. identities
Group B- identity equations 2. Three(3)
Activity No. 2: WHICH IS WHICH? sin(−𝜃) = − sin 𝜃
1. I cos(−𝜃) = cos 𝜃
2. C tan(−𝜃) = − tan 𝜃
3. C 3. Three(3)
4. I 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 = 1
Guide Questions: 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
1. Identity Equations 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
2. Conditional equations Activity No. 5: WHAT IS MISSING?
3. An identity is an equation that is 1. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃, 1
true for all values of the variable in 1
2. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃, , 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
the domain of the equation 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
Activity No. 6: COMPLETING THE
otherwise, it is a conditional
SQUAD
equation.
A. Quadrant : QIV
Activity No. 3: FILL-IN THE BOX 3 4
sin 𝜃 1 1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = − 2. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 = −
4 3
1. 2.
cos 𝜃 cos 𝑦 √7 4√7
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 4
4. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 7
cos 𝑥 1 3√7 √7
3. 4. 5. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = − 7
6. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = − 3
sin 𝑥 tan 𝑦 B.Quadrant: III
1
cos 𝑥 1. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 2 2. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 2
5.
sin 𝑥 √5
Guide Questions:
3. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = −√5 4. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = − 5
1. Reciprocal identities and quotient √5 2√5
5. csc 𝜃 = − 2
6. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = − 5
identities
2. Three (3) Guide Questions:
1 1 1. quadrant where the 𝜃 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑
csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 2. It serves as guide on what will be
1 sin 𝜃 the sign of each trigonometric
cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =
tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃 function
cos 𝜃 3.Yes
cot 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃
Reflection
(answers may vary)
Answer Key
10