Thesis 2 Concept Paper For Plagia

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5.-Thesis-2_Concept-Paper for plagia.do Aninon et al. (2022) Aninon et al. (2022)

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Summary
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
Alubijid | Cagayan de Oro | Claveria | Jasaan | Oroquieta | Panaon
Office of the Dean

College of Engineering &
Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
A CONCEPT PAPER
Evaluation on the Factor of Safety on the Landslide Area of Sitio Mangalay,

Dansolihon, Cagayan De Oro City using Slope/W Software
(Working Title)
In Partial Fulfilment as a Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Authors
Abella, Von Steven G.
Alaan, Kent C.
Aniñon, Niño Lawrence C.
Castro, Lorenz Klein U.
Comision. Markzenon D.
Indico, Millard Kylle S.
Japuz, Marc Leonard C.
Dr. Vera Karla S. Caingles

Research Adviser
C.M. Recto Avenue, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City 9000 Philippines, Tel. Nos. +63 (88) 856 1738; Telefax +63 (88) 856 4696 | www.ustp.edu.ph
Office of the Dean

Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
Proposed Title of Research Interest
Slope Stability Analysis on the Landslide Area of Sitio Mangalay, Dansolihon, Cagayan De
Oro City
Area of Study (Field of Specialization)
Geotechnical Engineering
Background of the Study (What have you read that has had an impact on your thinking
about the topic?
2
Landslide is a general term used to describe the downslope movement of soil, rock, and
organic materials under the effects of gravity and also the landform that results from such
2
movement. Earthquakes and intense rainfall are identified as some of the physical causes making
5
the slope vulnerable to landslides (Highland & Bobrowsky, 2019). Landslides are one of the
major devastating geohazards that claim thousands of lives and create acute economic losses
related to property damage every year (Schuster and Highland 2001; Dilley et al. 2005; Petley
4
2012). On the other hand, with the ongoing urban and rural development, current infrastructure
development, and the present inadequate landslide management system, especially in

4
mountainous areas, it is predicted that the frequency of landslides and losses due to such hazards
2
would continue to increase in future (Woldearegay, 2013; Abebe et al., 2010). For this reason,
this phenomenon has drawn global attention and needs to be seriously studied due to the vast
damage it causes to the people and the environment (Caingles and Lorenzo, 2020).
The rapid mass movement of soil and rock mass also known as slope failure is a common
and dangerous occurrence in mountainous areas. The minimization of damage caused by this
Office of the Dean

Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
phenomenon requires the in-depth understanding of slope-stability analysis and stabilization

12
techniques (Sangeeta and Maheshwari, 2016). The factor of safety (FOS) is an important
parameter in rock slope engineering stability analysis. Hence, scientific calculation of the factor
9
of safety (FOS) is critical in ensuring project safety, avoiding major casualties, and reducing
1
property losses (Zheng and Zhao, 2006; Conte et al., 2017). According to Omar et al. (2018), if
the value of FOS is 1.0, the slope is in a state of impending failure. The required factor of safety
ranges between 1.25-1.5. In general, the value of FOS with respect to strength that is acceptable
for the design of a stable slope is 1.5.
Limit equilibrium method (LEM) is a popular and reliable approach for calculating slope
stability (Sari and Lastiasih, 2019). Furthermore, a number of back-analyses of failed slopes were
used to ensure that the accuracy of LEM was sufficient (Kalatehjari and Ali, 2013). In general,
geotechnical engineering techniques, LEM has proven to be a reliable tool for evaluating the
stability of soil slopes, according to Hongjun and Longtan (2011).
Meanwhile, SLOPE/Wis a computer-based software capable of efficiently investigating

8
geometrical shapes, both basic and complex, for a variety of slip surface shapes, pore-water
pressure conditions, soil parameters, analysis techniques, and loading situations. In addition, the
7
software is capable of performing LEM approaches such as Ordinary Method of Slices, Bishop's
Simplified Method, Janbu's Simplified Method, Morgenstern and Price's Method, and Spencer's
Method. Furthermore, the software can be used to perform any of these analysis methods by
loading the Mohr-Coulomb soil strength properties that were determined from the laboratory
investigation results (Ayob et al., 2019). The assessment of slope stability using SLOPE/W has
Office of the Dean

Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
been the topic of several studies. For instance, Wang et al. (2019) conducted a study on the
3
application of SLOPE/W based on the Morgenstern—Price approach of limit equilibrium. The
6 3
numerical simulation of landslide stability was performed using the direct shear parameters test,
saturated residual shear test, and average shear strength tests in accordance with the findings of
6
laboratory testing. The FOS values of different profiles were simulated. The results revealed that
3
the safety factor ranged from 1.05 to 1.146 when the saturated direct shear parameters were used
6
to calculate the stability, and the landslide was basically stable. The landslide was in a sliding
state when the stability was calculated using the saturated residual shear parameters, and the
13 3
safety factor ranged from 0.876 to 0.95. The safety factor ranged from 0.96 to 1.049 when the
average value of saturated shear parameters was used to calculate stability, indicating that the
landslide was unstable or lacking a stable condition. In addition, Omar et al. (2018) assessed the
1
slope failure around the area of Perak in Malaysia using SLOPE/W analysis based on geophysics
analysis, resistivity and seismic, as well as laboratory tests. According to the result of the analysis,
1
it was indicated that the slope was anticipated to be unstable based on the FOS value, which was
0.186. Moreover, many researchers all over the world have also utilized SLOPE/W software to
examine slope stability (Anoni, 2020; abad, 2021;…..)
10
Dansolihon is a barangay in the city of Cagayan de Oro located in Region X of Northern
10
Mindanao, Philippines. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) has classified the said
barangay as one of the areas with high susceptibility to landslides. According to ABS-CBN News
on July 13, 2011, heavy rain caused a landslide in Barangay Dansolihon, Cagayan de Oro, which
brought damage to many houses. In addition, as per the report documented by the Cagayan de
Office of the Dean

Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
Oro Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Department, the barangay experienced prolonged
intense rainfall which caused multiple incidents of landslide and surface runoff on September 30,
2021. A total of 10 houses and 11 families were affected by the incident. Despite the fact that it
is not advisable to establish settlements or develop infrastructure in places that MGB has
recognized as landslide-prone, the social aspects of displacing people from their villages and
causing them to lose their source of livelihood are important (Alejandrino et al., 2016). With
this, the researchers attempt to conduct a study pertaining to the application of limit equilibrium
11
method in determining the factor of safety of the area using a slope stability software named
SLOPE/W. The researchers believed that this study is very timely to the status of the area.
Statement of the Problem (as far as you are aware, what is the gap of knowledge in your
research interest based on readings/existing literature? Why does this research need to be
conducted?)
The issue of the landslide area at Sitio Mangalay stems from the soil instability and an
assessment helped increase the safety of the people by determining the geological properties and
identifying the factor of safety. To obtain the essential data, information, and results, the study
sought to answer the following research questions as follows:
1. What are the slope and elevation of the area?
2. What are the properties of the soil such as moisture content, bulk density, specific
gravity, grain size distribution, liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index?
3. What are the strength parameters of the soil such as cohesion and internal friction?
4. What is the Factor of Safety using the Slope/W software?
Office of the Dean

Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
Objectives of the Study (What does the study hope to achieve? Give at least three)
The specific objectives of this study are the following:
1. To identify the Slope & Elevation of the area.
2. To determine the properties of the soil such as:
a. Moisture Content
b. Bulk Density
c. Specific Gravity
d. Grain Size Distribution
e. Liquid Limit
f. Plastic Limit
g. Plasticity Index
3. To examine the strength parameters of the soil such as:
a. Soil Cohesion
b. Internal Friction
4. To evaluate the Factor of Safety using the Slope/W software.
Research Locale and Respondents (Where will the study be conducted? Who will be the
target respondents?)
The study will be conducted at Sitio Mandalay in Barangay Dansolihon, Cagayan de Oro
City. The respondents will be the victims of landslides interviewed in their places or any
comfortable place that the respondents will choose. The researchers also gathered respondents
Office of the Dean

Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
residing near the said place. The study will be conducted in the first and second semesters of the
academic year 2022-2023.
Theoretical Framework (What tentative theory/ies will you use in analyzing your
material? Why this/these theories?)
IPO framework of the study
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
SOIL SAMPLE  Sieve analysis

 Bulk Density Test
 Geometry  Moisture
 Assign content test  Factor of
materials  Specific Safety
 Pore-water Gravity test  Physical
pressure  Atterberg Limit Properties of
condition test Soil
 Slip-surface  Triaxial Shear
Shape Test
SLOPE/W
Significance of the Study (What is the importance of the research to the proponent or
respondents?)
The results of this study would provide the factor of safety for the Area of Sitio Mandalay,
Barangay Dansolihon, Bukidnon, the result will also determine the state (Cohesion, Friction
Angle, Physical Properties) of the soil located in the Area. Furthermore, the results of the study
would be beneficial for the following:
Office of the Dean

Architecture
Cagayan de Oro
Residents of Barangay Dansolihon. They will obtain a better understanding of the
condition of the soil on their land
Government Agencies. They will broaden their field of work towards the safety of their
constituents providing mitigation plans and/or preparedness toward unsolicited disaster
Future Researchers. The study's findings will be used as a reference and a guide for future
Researchers who seek to perform similar research. They will be able to get the knowledge that
will aid them 8n their investigation and it will also provide answers to their questions.
19% Overall Similarity

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Andsera Adugna Mekonnen, Tarun Kumar Raghuvanshi, Karuturi Venk...

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Wang, Xia, Zhang, Gao, Cheng. "Field Geological Investigations and S...
6 1%
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Wei, Lei, Therese Koutnik, and Mark Woodward. "A Slope Stability Case...
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Chen Chen, Mo-wen Xie, Yu-jing Jiang, Bei-ning Jia, Yan Du. "A new me...
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University of Science and Technology of Southern PhilippinesAlubijid | Cagayan de...

www.coursehero.com
In Partial Fulfilment
www.scientific.net
C.M. Recto Avenue, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City 9000 Philippines, Tel. Nos. +63 ...
www.coursehero.com
www.ustp.edu.ph
www.ustp.edu.ph
Area of Study (Field of Specialization

www.coursehero.com
www.ustp.edu.ph

www.coursehero.com
www.ustp.edu.ph
www.ustp.edu.ph

www.coursehero.com

Statement of the Problem (as far as you are aware, what is the gap of knowledge i...
www.coursehero.com
the study
repository.ju.edu.et
such as moisture content, bulk density, specificgravity, grain size distribution, liqui...
www.ustp.edu.ph
Objectives of the Study (What does the study hope to achieve? Give at least three...
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such as
To evaluate the Factor of Safety

www.lib.fukushima-u.ac.jp
Research Locale and Respondents (Where will the study be conducted? Who will b...
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www.ustp.edu.ph

www.ustp.edu.ph
Theoretical Framework (What tentative theory/ies will you use in analyzing yourma...
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content test? SpecificGravity test? Atterberg Limittest

media.neliti.com

Physical Properties) of the soil

core.ac.uk
www.ustp.edu.ph
obtain a better understanding of the

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www.ustp.edu.ph

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Similarity Report ID: oid:17032:25038396

PAPER NAME AUTHOR

5.-Thesis-2_Concept-Paper for plagia.do Aninon et al. (2022) Aninon et al. (2022)

WORD COUNT CHARACTER COUNT

1542 Words 8281 Characters

PAGE COUNT FILE SIZE

SUBMISSION DATE REPORT DATE

19% Overall Similarity

Excluded from Similarity Report

Office of the Dean

Evaluation on the Factor of Safety on the Landslide Area of Sitio Mangalay,

In Partial Fulfilment as a Requirement for the Degree

Dr. Vera Karla S. Caingles

Office of the Dean

Proposed Title of Research Interest

Area of Study (Field of Specialization)

about the topic?

development, and the present inadequate landslide management system, especially in

Office of the Dean

phenomenon requires the in-depth understanding of slope-stability analysis and stabilization

for the design of a stable slope is 1.5.

stability of soil slopes, according to Hongjun and Longtan (2011).

Meanwhile, SLOPE/Wis a computer-based software capable of efficiently investigating

Office of the Dean

examine slope stability (Anoni, 2020; abad, 2021;…..)

Office of the Dean

sought to answer the following research questions as follows:

1. What are the slope and elevation of the area?

4. What is the Factor of Safety using the Slope/W software?

Office of the Dean

The specific objectives of this study are the following:

1. To identify the Slope & Elevation of the area.

2. To determine the properties of the soil such as:

d. Grain Size Distribution

3. To examine the strength parameters of the soil such as:

4. To evaluate the Factor of Safety using the Slope/W software.

Office of the Dean

academic year 2022-2023.

material? Why this/these theories?)

IPO framework of the study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

SOIL SAMPLE  Sieve analysis

would be beneficial for the following:

Office of the Dean

Residents of Barangay Dansolihon. They will obtain a better understanding of the

condition of the soil on their land

constituents providing mitigation plans and/or preparedness toward unsolicited disaster

19% Overall Similarity

Andsera Adugna Mekonnen, Tarun Kumar Raghuvanshi, Karuturi Venk...

Kelvin S. Rodolfo, A. Mahar F. Lagmay, R. Narod Eco, Tatum Miko L. He...

Excluded from Similarity Report

EXCLUDED TEXT BLOCKS

University of Science and Technology of Southern PhilippinesAlubijid | Cagayan de...

Area of Study (Field of Specialization

University of Science and Technology of Southern PhilippinesAlubijid | Cagayan de...

University of Science and Technology of Southern PhilippinesAlubijid | Cagayan de...

Excluded from Similarity Report

To evaluate the Factor of Safety

University of Science and Technology of Southern PhilippinesAlubijid | Cagayan de...