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    Classification of Tropical Climate

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    DHEESHNA DILEEP 200545
    The document summarizes the classification of tropical climates into 3 main zones: warm humid climate, hot dry desert climate, and composite or monsoon climate. It further divides these into sub-groups and provides examples and characteristic elements of each climate type, including air temperature, humidity, precipitation, and how these climates influence building design considerations.

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    Classification of Tropical Climate

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    DHEESHNA DILEEP 200545
    33 views18 pages
    The document summarizes the classification of tropical climates into 3 main zones: warm humid climate, hot dry desert climate, and composite or monsoon climate. It further divides these into sub-groups and provides examples and characteristic elements of each climate type, including air temperature, humidity, precipitation, and how these climates influence building design considerations.

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    Classification of tropical climate

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    The document summarizes the classification of tropical climates into 3 main zones: warm humid climate, hot dry desert climate, and composite or monsoon climate. It further divides these into sub-groups and provides examples and characteristic elements of each climate type, including air temperature, humidity, precipitation, and how these climates influence building design considerations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views18 pages

    Classification of Tropical Climate

    Uploaded by

    DHEESHNA DILEEP 200545
    The document summarizes the classification of tropical climates into 3 main zones: warm humid climate, hot dry desert climate, and composite or monsoon climate. It further divides these into sub-groups and provides examples and characteristic elements of each climate type, including air temperature, humidity, precipitation, and how these climates influence building design considerations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 18

    CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL

    CLIMATE

    DHEESHNA DILEEP
    B20ARA06
    S3 A
    Can be divided into 3 major climatic zones and 3 sub-groups:

    TYPES OF TROPICAL
    SUB-GROUP
    CLIMATE
    Warm humid island
    Warm humid climate
    climate

    Hot dry maritime


    Hot dry desert climate
    desert climate

    Composite or
    Tropical upland climate
    monsoon climate
    WARM HUMID CLIMATE

    Found in a belt near the Equator extending to about 15º North and South.
    Examples: Malaysia, Jakarta, Singapore, Hawaii, US

    WARM HUMID CLIMATE ELEMENTS

    AIR TEMPERATURE:
    • During the day between 27 degree Celsius and 32
    degree Celsius.
    • At night between 21 degree Celsius and 27 degree
    Celsius.
    HUMIDITY:
    • Relative humidity:
    • Relative humidity (RH) remains high-75 percentage most of the time.

    VAPOUR PRESSURE:
    • Between 2500-3500 N/m2.

    PRECIPITATION:
    • High precipitation throughout the year.

    SKY CONDITION:
    • Are fairly cloudy throughout the year.

    SOLAR RADIATION:
    • Normally high

    WIND:
    • Wind velocities are typically low, calm periods.
    WARM HUMID CLIMATE BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS

    Wall -is still warm at Pitch roof - used act


    night because of the as a buffer to reduce Gutters are built.
    high solar radiation the entering of heat
    during the day into the house.

    Window hoods and


    Plastered single layer
    balcony - to reduce More windows and
    wall – to prevent heat
    the entering of solar
    captured in the the opening are wide.
    radiation and daylight
    house.
    in to the house.

    Wide doors – wind


    Ceiling (high ceiling) –
    Aprons- to prevent shaft is built to
    to prevent direct heat
    dirt on the wall. enable heated air go
    into the house.
    outside.
    WARM HUMID ISLAND CLIMATE

    Island within the Equatorial belt and in the trade wind zone.
    Examples Caribbeans, Philippines and other island groups in Pacific Ocean.

    WARM HUMID ISLAND CLIMATE ELEMENTS

    AIR TEMPERATURE:
    • During the day between 28 degree and 32 degree Celsius.
    • At night, between 18 degree and 24 degree Celsius.

    HUMIDITY:
    • Relative humidity remain high (RH) from 55 percent to almost 100 percent.

    VAPOUR PRESSURE:
    • Between 1250- 2500 N/m2.
    PRECIPITATION:
    • Is high 1250-1800 mm per annum.

    SKY CONDITION:
    • Are normally clear or filled with white broken clouds of high brightness.

    SOLAR RADIATION:
    • Strong and mainly direct.

    WIND:
    • Provide relief from heat and humidity.
    HOT DRY DESERT CLIMATE

    Occur in 2 belts at latitude 15º and 30º North and South.


    Examples: Saudi Arabia, Baghdad, India, South Africa.

    HOT DRY DESERT CLIMATE ELEMENTS


    AIR TEMPERATURE:
    • During the day between 43 degree and 49 degree Celsius.
    • At night, cool season- 10-18 degree Celsius.
    Dry season- 27-32 degree Celsius.

    HUMIDITY:
    • Relative humidity remain low from 10 percent to almost 55 percent.

    VAPOUR PRESSURE
    • Between 750- 1500 mm per annum.
    PRECIPITATION:
    Slight and variable throughout the year.

    SKY CONDITION:
    Are normally clear clouds .

    SOLAR RADIATION:
    Strong and mainly direct.

    WIND:
    Hot and together with dust and sand.
    HOT DRY DESERT CLIMATE BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS

    Thick wall– the entering of heat


    into the house during daytime
    Flat roof - is used because of Small windows - to prevent
    Pitch roof - should be built as become slower and at night the
    sandstorms – not obstruct the sand and dust from entering the
    double layers. cold air push the warm air to
    wind flow. house.
    flow outside and the building is
    maintained cold (ie: pyramid).

    Materials - crack and break up


    Colors of the buildings_ light / cause by high daytime
    Concrete houses are built.
    bright. temperature and rapid cooling
    at night.
    HOT-DRY MARITIME DESERT

    Occur in the same latitude belts as the hot-dry desert.


    Two season – hot and cool
    Example: Kuwait, Karachi

    HOT DRY MARITIME DESERT ELEMENTS

    AIR TEMPERATURE:
    •During the day mean max is about 38 degree Celsius.
    HUMIDITY:
    • Relative humidity (RH)- steadily high between 50-90 percentage.

    VAPOUR PRESSURE
    • Between 750-1500 N/m2.

    PRECIPITATION:
    • Very low.

    SKY CONDITION:
    • A little more cloud may occur in the form of a thin, transparent haze.

    SOLAR RADIATION:
    • Strong and direct during the day.

    WIND:
    • Local wind- dust and sand storms may occur.
    COMPOSITE OR MONSOON CLIMATE
    Usually occur in : large land masses near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, which are
    far from Equator.
    Examples: Lahore, Mandalay, New Delhi.
    Two seasons – 2/3 of the year is hot dry and 1/3 is warm humid
    Localities further North and South often have a third season, best described as cool-dry.

    COMPOSITE OR MONSOON CLIMATE ELEMENTS

    AIR TEMPERATURE:
    • Hot dry – 11 –22
    • Warm humid – 3 –6
    • Cool dry – 11-22
    HUMIDITY:
    • Relative humidity (RH) remains high-75 percentage most of the time.

    PRECIPITATION:
    • Monsoon rains are intense .

    SOLAR RADIATION:
    • Strong and direct during the clear periods.

    WIND:
    • Variable.
    COMPOSITE / MONSOON BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS

    Large projecting eaves and


    wide verandahs are needed Shading devices should
    Courtyard type buildings A moderate dense, low rise in the warm-humid season
    preferably be of low thermal
    are very suitable. development. as out door living areas to
    capacity.
    reduce sky glare, keep out
    the rain and provide shade.

    Resistance insulation-
    Roof and external walls- Large openings in opposite
    placed at the outside
    constructed of solid walls- preferably with solid
    surfaces of external walls or
    masonry and concrete. shutters.
    roofs.
    TROPICAL UPLAND CLIMATE

    Mountainous regions- more than 900 to 1200 m above sea level.


    Examples: Bogotá, Mexico City, Nairobi.

    TROPICAL UPLAND CLIMATE ELEMENTS

    AIR TEMPERATURE:
    • During the day between 24 degree Celsius and 30 degree Celsius.
    • At night between 10 degree Celsius and 13 degree Celsius.
    HUMIDITY:
    • Relative humidity (RH) -45 –99 percentage.

    VAPOUR PRESSURE:
    • Between 800- 1600 N/m2.

    PRECIPITATION:
    • Variable but rarely less than 1000mm.

    SKY CONDITION:
    • Normally clear or partly cloudy.

    SOLAR RADIATION:
    • Alternates between conditions found in the warm humid and hot dry desert climates.

    WIND:
    • Fairly strong and steady during warm humid season.
    THANKYOU

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