PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2019

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Biology (WBI11) Paper 01
Molecules , Diet , Transport and Health
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June 2019
Publications Code IAL_1906_WBI11_01
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same
way as they mark the last.

 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can
do rather than penalised for omissions.

 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.

 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.

 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero
marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.

 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the
team leader must be consulted.

 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
1(a) A diagram that includes the following:

e.g. lines, overlapping circles,

 2 hydrogens joined to an oxygen (by covalent bonds) (1) shared electrons

 the charge distribution (1) (2)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
1(b)(i) A description that includes the following points: ACCEPT ‘It’ for solubility throughout

 for F increase in temperature increases solubility (1) ACCEPT positive correlation

 for G increase in temperature increases up to 30°C and then Do not piece together
decreases the solubility (1)

 for H temperature has no effect (on solubility) (1) ACCEPT solubility {remains constant /
does not change} with an increase in (3)
temperature
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Question Answer Mark

number
1(b)(ii)
The only correct answer is B 1.67

A is incorrect because 50 ÷ 30 = 1.67

C is incorrect because 50 ÷ 30 = 1.67
D is incorrect because 50 ÷ 30 = 1.67 (1)

Question Answer Mark

number
2(a)(i)
The only correct answer is B 1 : 3

A is incorrect because triglycerides are composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
C is incorrect because triglycerides are composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
D is incorrect because triglycerides are composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids (1)
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Question Answer Mark

number
2(a)(ii)

The only correct answer is C.

A is incorrect because this shows a peptide bond

B is incorrect because an ester bond does not contain a nitrogen
D is incorrect because there should be a double O on the carbon (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
2(a)(iii) An explanation that includes the following points: ACCEPT converse in the context of
butyric acid and stearic acid having the
 palmitoleic and linoleic (acid) (1) lowest risk

 because they {are unsaturated fatty acids / have double bonds IGNORE chain length
(between carbon atoms)} (1)

OR

 linoleic (acid) (1) ACCEPT polyunsaturated

 because it has {two / the most} double bonds (between carbon IGNORE chain length
atoms) (1) (2)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
2(b)(i) An explanation that includes the following points:

 because thrombin would not be able to bind to fibrinogen (1) ACCEPT fits active site / thrombin –
fibrinogen complexes
 therefore fibrin is not formed (1) ACCEPT less fibrin formed

(2)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
2(b)(ii) An explanation that includes the following points:

 because the platelets would not be able to bind to fibrin (1) ACCEPT not able to bind to {blood
cells / other platelets / endothelium}
less sticky

 therefore the {mesh / clot} would not be formed (1)

OR

 and therefore do not release thromboplastin (if not binding to

each other / endothelium) (1) (2)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
2(b)(iii) An explanation that includes the following points:

 therefore plasmin {hydrolyses fibrin / breaks the peptide bonds

in fibrin} (1)

 because {without fibrin / with less fibrin} there is {nothing / less} ACCEPT {no / less} mesh formed
to trap the {platelets / blood cells} (1) (2)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
3(a)(i)
ACCEPT trp for tryptophan
tryptophan serine serine lysine tryptophan
ser for serine

lys for lysine (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
3(a)(ii) An explanation that includes the following points:

 because {three bases form one code (for one amino acid) / ACCEPT triplet {codon / code}
there are 5 codons} (1) IGNORE three bases make an amino
acid
 because {there is no stop codon in this sequence / it is a non-
overlapping (genetic) code} (1) DO NOT ACCEPT degenerate (2)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
3(b)
An explanation that includes three of the following points:

 because it is a degenerate code (1) DO NOT ACCEPT non-overlapping

 which means that there are more codes than {needed / number
of amino acids} (1)

 (arranging the four bases in triplets gives) 64 possible

combinations and there are 20 amino acids to code for (and
stop codons) (1)

 minimises the effect of mutations (1) ALLOW from a description

(3)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
3(c)(i)
 95.31 (1)

(1)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number

3(c)(ii) An explanation that includes the following points:

 (remaining codes are) stop {codons / codes} (on RNA / DNA) (1) DO NOT ACCEPT start codons

 therefore no more amino acids can be added to the ACCEPT ends translation / signals end
{polypeptide chain / protein} (1) of (m)RNA

(2)

Question Answer Mark

number
3(d)
The only correct answer is B.

ACC UGG

A is incorrect because T binds to A and C to G on mRNA and U binds to T and G binds to C on tRNA
C is incorrect because T binds to A and C to G on mRNA and U binds to T and G binds to C on tRNA
D is incorrect because T binds to A and C to G on mRNA and U binds to T and G binds to C on tRNA (1)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
4(a)(i) An answer that includes the following points:

 an increase in the number of (DNA) {molecules / double helices} ACCEPT {two / new} molecules are
(1) made (from one molecule)

 each (new molecule) consists of one {parent / original / old}

strand and one new strand (1)
(2)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
4(a)(ii)
(DNA) helicase / polymerase / ligase (1) ACCEPT swivelase / untwistase /
topoisomerase (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
4(a)(iii) An explanation that includes the following points:

 because it results in genetically identical (daughter) cells (1) ACCEPT same {genetic information /
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genotype / alleles / DNA sequence}

 that will have the same {structure / function} (as the parent cell)
(1)
(2)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
4(b)
N.B. mark the rows not the columns
Percentage of the DNA molecules containing
DO NOT ACCEPT empty boxes
Stage
both heavy
heavy light nitrogen
and light
nitrogen only only
nitrogen
1 100 0 0
2 0 0 100
3 0 50 50 (3)
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Question Answer Mark

number
5(a)(i)
The only correct answer is C.

fructose and glucose sucrose only

A is incorrect because glucose is also a monosaccharide not a disaccharide

B is incorrect because fructose is also a monosaccharide and not a disaccharide
D is incorrect because sucrose is not a monosaccharide and fructose is not a disaccharide (1)

Question Answer Mark

number
5(a)(ii)
The only correct answer is B glycosidic
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A is incorrect because ester bonds join organic acids and alcohols together
C is incorrect because peptide bonds join amino acids together
D is incorrect because phosphodiester bonds joins mononucleotides together

(1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
5(b)(i) A calculation showing the following steps: Example of calculation :

 the mean calculated (1) (1.22 + 1.02 + 1.00) ÷ 3 / 1.08

 the mean converted to g dm-3 (1) 0.00108 / 0.0011 / 1.08 × 10-3

Correct answer with no working (1)

shown gains both marks.
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Question Answer
number
*5(b) (ii) Indicative content:

 sugar solution with a lower water potential than the cytoplasm of the cell (D)

 sugar solution should be hypertonic (D)

 so that water will pass out of the cytoplasm by osmosis (E)

 concentration of sugar solution should be the same as the cytoplasm (D)

 so that sugars will not diffuse out (E)

 each individual sugar concentration should be the same as the cytoplasm (D)

 mean concentration of sugars stated (fructose = 1.52, glucose = 1.08, sucrose = 8.55) (D)

 range of sugar concentrations stated (from table) (D)

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 so that concentration of each sugar remains the same (E)

 another solute needs to be used (D)

 so that the sugar concentration remains the same but the water passes out (E)

Level 1 : description of conditions needed for osmosis and maintaining sugar concentration

1 mark = a description of one condition

2 marks = a description of each condition or an explanation of one condition

Level 2 : explanation of conditions needed for both osmosis and maintaining sugar concentration

3 marks = a description of one condition and an explanation of the other condition

4 marks = an explanation of each condition

Level 3 : indicates that concentration of each sugar needs to be the same as in the pineapple and another solute
needs to be included.

5 marks = and includes one of the above

6 marks = and includes both of the above
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
6(a) An explanation that includes the following points:

 because antioxidants reduce free radicals (1) ACCEPT neutralise / stabilise / donate
electrons
 free radicals cause {cell damage / oxidative stress} (1) ACCEPT antioxidants {prevent cell
damage / reduce oxidative stress}
 (antioxidants) reduce {plaque / atheroma} formation (1) ACCEPT reduces cholesterol build up
(3)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
6(b)(i) An explanation that includes the following points:
ACCEPT matching converse points
 dark chocolate contains more flavenoids (than milk chocolate
per 100g) (1)

 and therefore more antioxidants to reduce the risk of CVD (1) ACCEPT description of what
antioxidants do
IGNORE incorrect descriptions
 dark chocolate contains less energy (per unit mass) than milk ACCEPT calories
chocolate (1)

 so is less likely to cause obesity which {is a risk factor / ACCEPT overweight (4)
decreases the risk} of CVD (1)
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Question Answer Mark

number
6(b)(ii)
The only correct answer is A cocoa mass

B is incorrect because both types of chocolate contain similar % of milk fat

C is incorrect because both types of chocolate contain similar % of sugar
D is incorrect because milk chocolate contains more whole milk powder than dark chocolate
(1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
6(b)(iii) An answer that includes three of the following points:

 two groups of people one eating chocolate and one {control / ACCEPT 3 groups if one has no
not eating chocolate} (1) chocolate, one has milk chocolate and
one has dark chocolate

 who {have no (known) risk of / do not have} CVD (1) ACCEPT healthy

 credit description of control variable e.g. same sex, similar {size / age /
lifestyle}
ACCEPT same mass of chocolate if
comparing dark with milk chocolate
IGNORE amount
 incidence of heart disease recorded (over a period of time, at ACCEPT monitor risk factors /
least a year) (1) examples e.g. blood pressure,
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cholesterol levels, BMI (3)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
7(a)
answer to no more than one decimal place in the range of 1.3 to
2.4 (m) (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
7(b) An explanation that includes two of the following points:

 because blood has to be pumped under high pressure (from the

heart) (1)

 so that the blood can reach the { brain / head} (1)

 pump blood against (the force of) gravity (to the upper parts of
the body) (1) (2)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
7(c)(i) A drawing that shows :
t. externa
 {3 layers / 3 layers and endothelium} +
t. media
lumen (1)
t. interna

endothelium

lumen
Any two from:

 lumen (1)

 endothelium / epithelium (1)

ACCEPT inside line labelled if 2 layer diagram with no
 tunica {interna / intima} (1) endothelium labelled
IGNORE smooth muscle

ACCEPT (smooth) muscle (cells) and elastic fibres

 tunica media (1)
ACCEPT collagen fibres
 tunica {externa / adventitia} (1)
N.B. If one incorrect label, max of 1 label mark
If two incorrect labels then no label marks can be
awarded (3)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
7(c)(ii) An explanation that includes the following points:

 the blood is under high pressure so that the {arteries need to

widen / elastic fibres need to stretch} (1)

 elastic recoil necessary to maintain the high blood pressure (1) N.B. need to stretch and recoil to
{maintain / accommodate} high
pressure = 1 mark if no other mps (2)
awarded

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
7(d)(i) An explanation that includes the following points:

 because there will be less blood flowing (near the surface of ACCEPT blood at {lower / low} pressure
the skin at any one time) (1)

 therefore blood clot will form {more easily / faster} (1) ACCEPT clotting will be {faster / easier}
less blood lost whilst clot forming (2)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
7(d)(ii) An explanation that includes the following points:

 because (the smaller red blood cells will have) a greater surface
area (1)

 and therefore oxygen will be able to diffuse (into / out of the IGNORE easier to diffuse / more can
RBCs) faster (1) diffuse (2)

Question Answer Mark

number
8(a)
The only correct answer is B.

A is incorrect because the R group does not include the central carbon
C is incorrect because the R group should have a CH2 group (1)
D is incorrect because the H and central carbon and only part of the R group shown
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
8(b)(i)
peptide / amide (bond) DO NOT ACCEPT dipeptide /
polypeptide (bond) (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
8(b)(ii)
A drawing that shows :

 a circle around one H on the N (1)

 a circle around only the OH group on the C (1)

(2)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
8(b)(iii)
An explanation that includes three of the following points :

 because AzPhe is not a naturally-occurring amino acid (1)

 therefore there is no {DNA / mRNA} codon for AzPhe (1)

 therefore there is no tRNA (that can bind to the AzPhe) (1)

 therefore AzPhe not held in position for peptide bond to form

(1) (3)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
8(c)(i) A calculation showing the following steps: Example of calculation :

 the percentage of AzPhe are calculated (1) 16% of 1% of 1 100 = 1.76

 ratio calculated (1) 5.25 : 1 / 21 : 4

ACCEPT 1 : 0.19

Correct answer with no working shown (2)

gains both marks.
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
8(c)(ii) An answer that includes four of the following points:

 properties of a protein is dependent on the structure of a

protein (1)

 AzPhe could affect the {secondary structure / folding / 3D ACCEPT tertiary structure
shape} (of the silk) (1) IGNORE quaternary structure

 because different bonds (between R groups) could form (1) ACCEPT named example of bond
changing

 new bonds might make the {silk / fibres / molecule / protein}

stronger (1)

 larger R groups will make the protein insoluble (1)

OR

 larger R groups will make the {silk / fibres / molecule / protein}

weaker (1)

 because {fibres / molecule / protein} not held so closely (4)

together (1)
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