LK. 2.

1 Eksplorasi Alternatif Solusi

Masalah terpilih yang

No. Akar Penyebab masalah Eksplorasi alternatif solusi Analisis alternatif solusi
akan diselesaikan
1 Less of student Teaching method is less LITERATURE REVIEW Based on the literatur review and an
participation in learning interesting and tend to be 1. Role playing interview in exploration of alternative
the use of modal auxiliary boring - Rayhan (2014), stated that this solution, it can be concluded that the
(should and can) in method is an activity where interesting method to improve students’
Offering and Suggestion students can express ideas, participation in learning the use of
materials. opinions, or feelings through words modals auxiliary (should and can) in
or articulation to others. Offering and Suggestion is PBL and role
- Akmal (2018), stated that playing. PBL can increase students
Implementation of roleplay divide ctitical thinking, their comunication skill
students into groups, where all and problem solving skills. Meanwhile,
students are given the opportunity role playing can make students more fun
to express opinions and ideas on in learning the use of modal auxiliary
the tasks assigned by the teacher, (should and can).
then the student can act directly in
the learning process, so that it can PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
be regarded as an attempt to Sanjaya (2007:218) in Tyas (2017:46) stated
enhance the activity of students in that there are the advantages and
speaking English, is a suitable and disadvantages in using PBL, they are:
effective role to be carried out
- Setiawan (2019), Stated that by 1. THE ADVANTAGES IN USING PBL
playing roles and exchanging roles, a. Problem Based Learning (PBL) can
it can create an active and fun improve critical thinking skills,
learning atmosphere for students to foster student initiative in work,
develop themselves, because it internally motivated to learn, and
provides opportunities for students can develop relationships
to be more creative in using interpersonal in group work
language b. Learning will be meaningful
- Arham (2016), pointed out that c. PBL makes students become
role-play includes both playing independent and free learners
roles and real-life situations in d. PBL can help students to develop
which students are put in a set of their new knowledge and take
communication tasks and responsibility for their learning
interactions with other students in
a group.
2. Problem based learning (PBL) 2. THE DISADVANTAGES IN USING
- Kosasih (2014: 88) stated that PBL
problem-based learning is a
learning model based on the a. If students do not have confidence
problems faced by students related that the problem being studied is
to the basic competencies being difficult to solve, then students will
studied. feel reluctant to try
- Din et al (2020) claimed that b. Students need to be supported by
 PBL gave a comprehensive and books that can be used as
more precise understanding of understanding in learning
the subjects and was very activities
beneficial for learning. c. PBL takes a long time in learning
 PBL facilitated more
participation in class with peers
and inspired them to do more ROLE PLAYING
research independently. Djumingin (2011: 175- 176) in Zulfitri &
 PBL enabled students to think Harahap (2019:1682) stated that there
step by step from the stage of are some advantages and disadvantages
finding real problems, gathering in using role palying, they are:
information, formulating
theories, researching/testing, 1. THE ADVANTAGES IN USING ROLE
discussing the findings to the PLAYING
stage of presenting the problems
presented in the module. a. Attract students' attention
- Nurhidayati et al (2021: 133) b. Train students to design invention
stated that by introducing problems c. Think and act creatively
that are relevant at the beginning of d. Solve the problems encountered
learning, learning can attract the realistically because students can
attention and interests of learners live it
and provide opportunities for them e. Identify and perform investigation
to learn through experience. f. Interpret and evaluate the results
observation
3. Discovery learning g. Stimulate development progress of
- Soemarmi (2017) stated that students' thinking for solve the
discovery learning model is an problem faced properly
alternative to improve speaking
skills, where in the expression of
offering material and student
responses are given instructions to
 convey communication messages 2. THE DISADVANTAHES IN USING
by looking at the existing pictures ROLE PLAYING
with expressions according to the a. Some subjects are very difficult to
pictures given by the teacher in apply this method.
English subjects, this is a good b. The teacher must understand
communication exercise. performed correctly implementation steps, if
by students with certain roles, the teacher can't understand the
choosing their own expressions in steps, it will mess up learning
predetermined situations and c. Requires sufficient time allocation
conditions. longer
- Handiono and hidayati (2016)
Discovery learning is a cognitive
learning method that demands
teachers be more creative in
creating situations that can make
students learn actively discover
their own knowledge.

INTERVIEW
Based on the interview with Mrs.
Warsidah, S.Pd, learning methods or
models that can increase student
participation in learning, especially on the
use of modals (should and can) in learning
expression of offering and suggestion are
using role playing and problem based
learning. Role playing can make students'
learning more fun, students can practice
collaboration between other students, and
also can make students more creative.
Meanwhile, problem based learning can
improve students' critical thinking because
with this method students have to solve a
problem in groups. This method can also
improve teamwork in groups.
2 Students' English Less of students LITERATURE REVIEW Based on the literatur review and an
learning outcomes are understanding in grammar 1. Problem Based Learning (PBL) interview in exploration of alternative
low, especially on pattern Nuarta (2020: 284) stated that solution, it can be concluded that the
Passive Voice material Problem based learning (PBL) is a method that can improve students
 learning model based on constructivism understanding in grammar pattern
philosophy, in which students from the especially in learning Passive Voice is
beginning are faced with a problem, PBL. By using PBl in learning Passi Voice,
then followed by a process of searching students can solve the problem by their
for relevant information student own.
centered.
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
2. Task-Based Learning with Integrated 1. THE ADVANTAGES USING PBL
Steps in a Procedural Form Dwi et al (2013) stated that
 Gass, S.M., & Mackey (2000) 1) Students are able to better
stated that : remember their information and
- The procedural form is knowledge
considered as the integrated 2) Students are able to develop
steps as a reference to guide problem solving abilities, critical
students to remember rules or thinking, and communication
forms that must be applied to skills
create a sentence after they have 3) Students are able to develop an
seen it many times. integrated knowledge base
- The integrated step consists of 4) Enjoy studying
some steps that can be used as a 5) Increase motivation
guide for the students to change 6) Increase cooperation in work group
an active sentence into its 7) Develop learning learning
passive. strategies
 Firmansyah (2022) stated that the 8) Improve communication skills
steps task-based learning with
integrated steps in a procedural 2. THE DISADVANTAGES USING PBL
form is : 1) The success of this PBL learning
- The teacher gives a student model requires enough time from
worksheet consisting of several preparation and implementation
active sentences that the 2) Without understanding why they
students must change into are trying to solve the problem
passive sentences and a what they are learning, then they
procedure form. will not learn what they want to
- The teacher checks the students' learn
work by referring to the 3) PBL cannot be applied to every
procedure form. material learning
- The teacher explains and gives a 4) In a class that has a high level of
question and answer session student diversity will cause
difficulties in Division of tasks
 while checking the students’ 5) Requires the ability of capable
work. teachers encourage students to
work in groups effectively
3. Project Based learning (PjBL) 6) There are times when the required
- English & Kitsantas (2003) in resources are not completely
Duman & Yavuz (2018:186) stated available
that PjBL is defined as a systematic
learning method which aims at
improving students’ knowledge and
skills through a long-term learning
process involving the product and
activities designed in a detailed way
through authentic questions and
issues.
- Holm (2011) in Duman & Yavuz
(2018:186) stated that Project-based
learning can be described as a
student-centered education which
takes a long timespan in which
students pick, plan, research and
produce a product, presentation or
performance answering a question
or a problem to be encountered in
actual life
- Erdem (2002) in Duman & Yavuz
(2018:186) stated that PBL can be
claimed to make a person capable of
solving problems, thinking
analytically and critically, doing
research, making decisions, taking
responsibility and working
cooperatively in a technology-based
learning environment, within limited
durations of time.

INTERVIEW
Based on the interview with Mrs.
Warsidah, S.Pd, in improving students'
understanding of grammar is that the
 teacher can use the technique of playing
wording. This technique in addition to
increasing student participation, this
technique is also fun because this
technique students learn while playing.
Students are divided into several groups
and then each group is given pieces of
words that must be arranged into active
sentences and passive sentences.
3 Students’ dificulties in Monotonous learning methods LITERATURE REVIEW Based on the literatur review and an
learning Explanation and strategies 1. Picture and Student active (PaSA) interview in exploration of alternative
Text. integrated with Contextual Teaching solution, it can be concluded that the
Learning (CTL) interseting strategy in learning
- Rusman (2012) in Munandar et al Explanation Text is using Graphic
(2022) stated that PaSA is the Organizers (GOs).
presentation of learning with varied
methods and is expected to GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS (GOs)
increase interest and foster Zaini Mokhtar (2010) cited by Khairi
creativity in students. (2020) stated that there are some
- Munandar, et al (2022) stated that advantages and disadvantages in using
CTL is a brain-matched learning GOs, they are:
system that generates meaning by 1. THE ADVANTAGES GRAPHIC
linking academic content to the ORGANIZERS (GOs)
context of students' daily lives. 1) Students can organize information
in a good way
2. Picture and picture integrated with 2) Students can summarize
Problem Based Learning (PBL) information easily.
- Aziz Wahab (2008:11) stated that 3) Students focus on the relationship
Picture and picture is a learning between information
model which in its learning uses 4) Students can express their opinion
pictures. easily.
5) Students can make an overview of
- Rohman (2018: 241) stated that the main topic.
Problem Based Learning is a model 6) Graphic Organizer can be used as
learning in it involve students in a fun medium in identifying
trying solve the problem by going information to develop the
through several stages of the material.
scientific method so that students 7) Graphic Organizer can improve
are expected to be able to learn understanding.
 knowledge related to the problem 2. THE DISADVANTAGES GOs
and at the same time students 1) The final results are not full
expected to have skills in solving recorded.
problems 2) Students cannot rewrite the
complete information.
3. Graphic Organizers (GOs) 3) Takes more time.
- Jiang & Grabe (2007) in 4) Students sometimes have
difficulty due to detailed graphic
Anuyahong (2018:55) stated that
patterns
Graphic Organizers (GOs), concept
maps, and mind maps are spatial
representations of linear textual
knowledge in the form of graphics,
pictures, and diagrams. GOs
visualize thoughts and organize
knowledge, providing the reader
with a whole picture of the concepts
contained in the text, and the
relationships between them
- Hibbard, K. M. & Wagner, E. A.,
(2003) in Sam D & Rajan
(2013:156) stated that a graphic
organizer is a diagram that
represents a relationship directed
by a thinking-skill verb. The verb
“sequence” calls for a diagram of a
series of boxes connected by arrows
that shows the “event” of one box
leading to the “event” of another
box
- Ellis (2004) Anuyahong (2018:56)
provides three reasons language
teachers should use GOs in their
classrooms.
  First, learners are considerably
more likely to understand and
remember the content since
GOs help them identify what is
important in a text.
 Second, because the semantic
processing demands are
minimized, teachers can
address the content at more
sophisticated or complex levels.
Showing how the information is
structured might be powerful
aid in understanding.
 Third, learners are more likely
to become strategic readers as
they recognize the patterns of
thinking, constructing, and
using graphic organizers.

INTERVIEW
1. Use method that can make students’
ineteresting, such as PBL, Role Playing
2. Using aunthentic media
3. Use picture

4 Students do not pay Teacher does not use an LITERATURE REVIEW Based on the literatur review and an
attention to the teacher interesting media 1. Pop-Up Book media integrated with interview in exploration of alternative
in explaining about Problem Based Learning (PBL) solution, it can be concluded the media
invitation letter. Method that can atract students’ attention in
Solichah & Mariana (2018) in learning invitation letter is using Pop-Up
Setiyaningrum (2019:217) stated that Book media integrated with PBL Method.
the Pop-Up Book media including the
type of 3D media that is able to provide
interesting effects, because every page
is opened will reveal an image that
appears and material that contained in
 the Pop-Up Book can be adjusted to POP-UP BOOK MEDIA
the teaching material you want to 1. THE ADVANTAGES POP-UP BOOK
convey. MEDIA
Bluemel and Taylor (Dewanti,
2. RAFT STRATEGY Toenlioe, & Soepriyanto, 2018) in
Santa (2004) in Roberta & Shanon Setiyaningrum (2019:218) mentions
(2010:85) cited by Aulia (2018) in her the uses of Pop-Up Book media,
thesis stated that RAFT is as a strategy namely:
of writing that helps students’ to think 1) Increasing children's love towards
critically and reflect what they have books and reading activities,
learned. RAFT is an abbreviation of : 2) Train critical thinking skills and
 R “role of the writer”, foster student creativity,
 A “audience to whom are you 3) Can bring up a meaning through a
writing”, text interesting pictures and foster
 F “format will you take in writing”, the desire and motivation to read.
 T “topic that you will be writing”
that one of guided writing which 2. THE DISADVANTAGES POP-UP
provide the students to think and BOOK MEDIA
understand deeper about what Dzuanda (in Sylvia & Hariani, 2015:
they are supposed to write and to 1198) in Uman et al (2019) stated that
whom they will direct their writing. the disadvantages using Pop-Up
Media are:
3. Realia media 1) The processing time tends to be
Hadi (2018:66) in Hana (2020:19) longer for demanding extra
stated that realia is actual objects and precision.
items which are brought into a 2) Requires sufficient cost a lot to
classroom as examples or as aids to be make.
talked or written about and used in
language teaching such as: articles of
clothing, kitchen utensils, items of
food, etc

INTERVIEW
1. Using picture
2. Using aunthentic or realia media