Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person

Preface
It has been elaborated in research and literature that the highest
performing education systems are those that combine quality with
equity. Quality education in the Department of Education (DepEd) is
ensured by the learning standards in content and performance laid in
the curriculum guide. Equity in education means that personal or
social circumstances such as gender, ethnic origin or family
background, are not obstacles to achieving educational potential and
that inclusively, all individuals reach at least a basic minimum level of
skills.
In these education systems, the vast majority of learners have the
opportunity to attain high-level skills, regardless of their own
personal and socio-economic circumstances. This corresponds to the
aim of DepEd Cagayan de Oro City that no learner is left in the
progression of learning. Through DepEd’s flexible learning options
(FLO), learners who have sought to continue their learning can still
pursue in the Open High School Program (OHSP) or in the
Alternative Learning System (ALS).
One of the most efficient educational strategies carried out by
DepEd Cagayan de Oro City at the present is the investment in FLO
all the way up to senior high school. Hence, Senior High School
Alternative Responsive Education Delivery (SHARED) Options is

operationalized as a brainchild of the Schools Division
Superintendent, Jonathan S. Dela Peña, PhD.
Two secondary schools, Bulua National High School and Lapasan
National High School, and two government facilities, Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology-Cagayan de Oro City Jail and Department
of Health-Treatment and Rehabilitation Center-Cagayan de Oro City,
are implementing the SHARED Options.
To keep up with the student-centeredness of the K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum, SHARED Options facilitators are adopting the
tenets of Dynamic Learning Program (DLP) that encourages
responsible and accountable learning.
This compilation of DLP learning activity sheets is an instrument to
achieve quality and equity in educating our learners in the second
wind. This is a green light for SHARED Options and the DLP learning
activity sheets will continually improve over the years.
Ray Butch D. Mahinay, PhD

Jean S. Macasero, PhD
Acknowledgment
The operation of the Senior High School Alternative Responsive
Education Delivery (SHARED) Options took off with confidence that
learners with limited opportunities to senior high school education
can still pursue and complete it. With a pool of competent, dedicated,
and optimistic Dynamic Learning Program (DLP) writers, validators,
and consultants, the SHARED Options is in full swing. Gratitude is
due to the following:
 Schools Division Superintendent, Jonathan S. Dela Peña, PhD,
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Alicia E. Anghay,
PhD, for authoring and buoying up this initiative to the fullest;
 CID Chief Lorebina C. Carrasco, and SGOD Chief Rosalio R.
Vitorillo, for the consistent support to all activities in the
SHARED Options;
 School principals and senior high school teachers from Bulua
NHS, Lapasan NHS, Puerto NHS and Lumbia NHS, for the
legwork that SHARED Options is always in vigor;
 Stakeholders who partnered in the launching and operation of
SHARED Options, specifically to the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology-Cagayan de Oro City Jail and the
Department of Health-Treatment and Rehabilitation Center-
Cagayan de Oro City;

 Writers and validators of the DLP learning activity sheets, to
which this compilation is heavily attributable to, for their
expertise and time spent in the workshops;
 Alternative Learning System implementers, for the technical
assistance given to the sessions; and
 To all who in one way or another have contributed to the
undertakings of SHARED Options.
Mabuhay ang mga mag-aaral! Ito ay para sa kanila, para sa bayan!
Ray Butch D. Mahinay, PhD

Jean S. Macasero, PhD
Writers:
1. Rochelle Luzano Gusa Regional SHS

2. Pedro C. Gamba Tablon NHS
Editors/Validators:
1. Jessilinda Rola, PhD Cagayan de Oro NHS

2. Romeo B. Aclo EPS-AP, CID, Division Office
Reproduction (LRMDS)
1. Gemma P. Pajayon - Project Development Officer II
2. Lanie M. Signo - Librarian II
JEAN S. MACASERO, PhD RAY BUTCH D. MAHINAY, PhD

EPS- SHS Coordinator MT-1 ALS Coordinator
LOREBINA C. CARRASCO ALICIA E. ANGHAY, PhD

Chief, CID Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
JONATHAN S. DELA PEŇA, PhD., CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
SENIOR HIGH ALTERNATIVE RESPONSIVE EDUCATION DELIVERY
GRADE 11 DLP LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN PERSON- SECOND QUARTER
ACTIVITY NO. LEARNING ACTIVITY TITLE DATE SCORE ITEM

1 Holistic Versus Partial Point of View
2 Our Human Activities from Reflection
3 Importance of Doing Philosophy
4 My Philosophical Reflection
5 Opinion and Truth
6 Analyzing Situations
7 Methods of Philosophizing
8 Evaluating Opinions
9 My Limitations and Possibilities
10 Possibilities for Transcendence
11 The Human Body’s Limitation
12 Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence
13 The Disorder in the Environment
14 Practicing Orderliness in our Surroundings
15 Showing Care for the Environment
16 Prudence and Frugality towards our Environment
17 Our Actions and Their Consequences
18 Exercising Prudent Choices
19 The Role of Sacrifice in Making a Choice
20 Exercising Freedom in Decision Making
21 Accepting Each Other’s Differences
22 Appreciating People with Disabilities
23 The Role of Dialogue in Intersubjectivity
24 Skills and Talents of PWDs
25 The Origin of Societies
26 Forms of Societies and Individualities
27 The Social Systems
28 The Transformation of Human Relationships
29 The Meaning of Life
30 Setting Our Life Goals
31 The Role of Death in Finding Life’s Meaning
32 Discovering the Essence of Our Existence
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Subject : Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Lesson Title : Holistic versus Partial Point of View
Learning Competency: Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view.

PPT11/12-Ia-1.1
References : Introduction to the philosophy of Human Person by Aleli M. LAS No.: 1
Caraan by DIWA Learning Systems Inc. 2016
CONCEPT NOTES
By nature, human beings are inquisitive. Out of our curiosity, we wonder about many things
and ask a lot of questions. Questions that give meaning to our life experiences and the world we
live in. Simple questions such as: “What is this?” “Why oceans are deep?” “Why flowers are
colorful?” actually display a sense of wonder and curiosity.
The word PHILOSOPHY comes from the Greek words: philos (love) and sophia (wisdom).
It is the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons,
and principles which govern all things. People who engage in philosophy are called philosophers or
“lovers of wisdom.”
HOLISTIC THINKING is a view that considers large-scale patterns in a system while

PARTIAL THINKING focuses on specific aspects of situation.
EXERCISE: Complete the graphic organizer by writing in the circles words that
describe Philosophy
Philosophy
Competence.Dedication.Optimism
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Our Human Activities from Reflection
Learning Competency: Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate

reflection PPT11/12-Ib-1.2

CONCEPT NOTES
In our daily lives, Philosophy has an important place. All people have a
tendency to wonder and doubt. We also have a never-ending need to learn and
discover new experiences.
PLATO, Greek philosopher explained man’s need to philosophize because of

his sense of wonder. French philosopher, RENE DESCARTES traced the need to
philosophize to doubt. KARL JASPERS a Swiss-German philosopher saw experience
as a reason for a man to philosophize. Finally, the love for wisdom drives a man to
philosophize. SOCRATES is the philosopher who exemplified this idea.
EXERCISE Write W if it is a question out of state of wonder, D if it is out

of doubt, and E for experience.
________1. Where did we come from?
________2. Why do we exist?
________3. Can I finish this course?
________4. What is my purpose in life?
________5. Is this medicine really effective?
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Importance of Doing Philosophy
Learning Competency: Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective
on life. PPT11/12-Ib-1.3

CONCEPT NOTES
Doing philosophical reflections can be beneficial in everyday situations.

WISDOM as a product of philosophizing, refers to one’s ability to apply knowledge
particularly in making sound decisions in daily life.
Philosophy will help a person in making critical analysis and interpretation of

concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems. It also enhances the ability of a
person on problem-solving and decision making. Moreover, it enables a person to
communicate clearly and adequately present his or her ideas. Finally, knowledge of
Philosophy can contribute to self-development.
EXERCISE Match the situations in column A to the importance of doing

Philosophy in column B. Write the letter of your choice on the
space before the number.
A B
_____1. Expressing ideas to others a. Making critical analysis and interpretation
_____2. Determining one’s purpose in b. Enhancing problem-solving and decision
life making
_____3. Processing information from c. Communicating clearly and presenting
TV advertisement ideas
_____4. Coming up with alternative d. Contributing to self-development
solutions
_____5. Knowing one’s limitations and
potentials
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : My Philosophical Reflection
Learning Competency: Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from

holistic perspective. PPT11/12-Ic-1.4

CONCEPT NOTES
Simple actions we do everyday take a new meaning when we start making

reflections of it. When buying a pair of shoes for example, we usually ask: “Will
this fit me?” “Will I feel comfortable wearing it?” However, when we start asking
deeper questions like “Do I need to buy this?”, “Is it worth spending for this
item?”, the simple act of buying shoes becomes different.
REFLECTION is examining one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions. As you

engages in reflecting, the more you learn about one’s life and experiences.
Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought. It is
also thinking in consideration of implications and consequences of actions.
Reflection can also help us a lot in facing more challenges in life that needs sound
decision.
EXERCISE The moment you wake up in the morning, reflect on the three (3)
important things you have to do for a day. Write your thoughts on the
space provided.
1. ______________________________________
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Opinion and Truth
Learning Competency: Distinguish opinion from truth. PPT11/12-Ic-2.1

CONCEPT NOTES
Everyday we encounter a lot of information from various sources. These

information can be helpful or harmful. Helpful information leads us to right
choices. On the other hand, harmful information can have harmful effects on our
lives. For example, the use of falsely claimed miracle drug, the belief on news or
event posted in social media.
How do we distinguish if someone is telling the truth? TRUTH is found at the

heart of any inquiry. Knowledge must be truthful to gain validity and acceptance.
KNOWLEDGE is the clear awareness and understanding of something. Statements
which are observed to be real or truthful are considered FACTS. Statements that
are not evidently or immediately known to be true is a CLAIM.
EXERCISE Write F if the statement is based on facts and C if it is stated as a

claim.
______1. Playing basketball is better than volleyball.
______2. I know that birds fly.
______3. Flowers have different colors.
______4. I know that her family is good.
______5. He lives in Cagayan de Oro City.
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Analyzing Situations
Learning Competency: Analyze situations that show the difference between opinion and truth.
PPT11/12-Id-2.2

CONCEPT NOTES
How do we know if something is true? The importance of belief in determining the
truthfulness of a statement is emphasized by philosophers.
One basis for determining the truth is that a belief is true if it can be justified or
proven through the use of senses. Our senses should be sufficient enough to determine
the truthfulness of the statement. Another basis is, a belief is true if it is based on
facts. It is by acquiring the supporting facts or getting people’s views. Determining the
truth also requires a person to prove a belief through an action. Statements that can be
applied in real life is a way to prove its truthfulness. Beliefs should be subjected to
tests as well in order to prove the validity of a statement.
EXERCISE Arrange the statements in the order of determining the truthfulness of a

belief. Write the statements on the corresponding boxes.
“I was awarded as the MVP last year in our
school.” “I am a basketball player.”
“I passed the screening for varsity in basketball in school.”
“I can dribble and shot the ball smoothly.”
Ways of Proving the Truthfulness of Belief Beliefs/Statement
1. Proving through the use of senses
2. Based on supporting facts.
3. Proving through actions.
4. Subjected to tests.
✓
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Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Methods of Philosophizing
Learning Competency: Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and
truth PPT11/12-Id-2.3

CONCEPT NOTES
After knowing how philosophizing recognizes truth, it is then important to apply it
in various situations in life. Everyday in our life, the ideas we encountered can be
considered as truth or opinion.
Remember, FACTS are statements that are observed to be real of truthful.

Statements that provide beyond facts are considered OPINIONS. These statements
contain conclusions or perspectives which can be a basis for making an argument.
CONCLUSION is a judgement based on facts. ARGUMENTS are reasons to convince the
reader or listener.
EXERCISE Read the following statements. Determine which one states a fact or opinion.
Write these statements on the corresponding column.
1. The cat ate the fish in the table.

2. His brother is selfish because he did not visit him for one month.
3. For one month now, his brother did not visit him.
4. It takes 30 minute walk from her home to school.
5. It is better to attend a school near the home.
FACT OPINION
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Evaluating Opinions
Learning Competency: Evaluate opinions. PPT11/12-Ie-2.4

CONCEPT NOTES
OPINIONS are statements that do not only give facts but also provide conclusions or
perspectives which can be a basis for making an argument. However, opinions are also influenced by bias.
We must be aware of these biases so that we can objectively determine the points of argument.
When there is BIAS in an opinion, a person having the opinion may have views and tendencies that
affect the way the reality is seen. Bias cannot be avoided but what is important is that people engaging in
the discussion are aware of the personal biases. Most common biases are the following: Correspondence
bias is a tendency to judge a person’s personality by his actions without regarding the external factors.
Confirmation bias is readily accepting a belief that fits own views and reject others that go against it.
Framing is focusing on a certain aspect only while ignoring the other aspects. Hindsight is to see the past
events as predictable. Conflict of interest is a person or group has a vested interest in the issue. Cultural
Bias is analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural standards.
EXERCISE Match the type of bias in column A with the examples on column B. Write the letter of your
choice on the space provided.
A B
____1. Correspondence Bias a. How can I accept this belief? I am a Bisaya!
____2. Confirmation Bias b. These soldiers who fight in war are murderers also.
____3. Framing c. Investigation has still not pointed the cause of fire but it
appears to be the resident fault.
____4. Cultural Bias d. As the father of the accused, I believe I have the right to
express my opinion.
____5. Conflict of Interest e. We Filipinos take care of our family members. It is okay to
have extended family.
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : My Limitations and Possibilities
Learning Competency: Recognize own limitations and possibilities. PPT11/12-If-3.1

CONCEPT NOTES
There is something in the person that makes him or her unique from other beings.
The SPECIAL TRAITS that a human possess makes an individual PERSON UNIQUE.
SELF-AWARENESS is the first trait that defines a person. It refers to a clear

perception of oneself - thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions. This awareness leads to
the concept of the “self.” That is being actively aware that you are perceiving and
experiencing reality. Awareness of the self leads a person to experience interiority, the
focused on one’s inner life and identity. Another trait is SELF-DETERMINATION which
refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on own
preferences. We are persons because we act and are also aware of what we are doing.
This is closely related to exercising one’s freewill to do actions whenever we want from
various alternatives. And that a person is also aware of the consequences of the choices
he makes in accordance to morality. EXTERNALITY is another trait that defines a
human person. This is the ability to reach out and interact with others and the world.
Final trait that describes the human person is DIGNITY. All human beings have an
inherent value or worth.
EXERCISE Explore your possibilities and limitations. In the “I Can” column, write the
abilities and skills you can do. In the “I Can not” column, list down the things
you have tried but you could not because you have limitations.
I CAN I CANNOT
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Learning Title : Possibilities for Transcendence
Lesson Competency: Evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence.
PPT11/12-Ig-3.2

CONCEPT NOTES
Our body is not the only thing that defines us. There is unseen aspect of the
human person which also defines us. This element is the SPIRIT which enables us
to practice our distinct characteristics. The human person is an embodied spirit.
The person is also biologically deficient. It means that we are not equipped
with all the best physical attributes. However, there is one important trait of
human person that enables him to surpass his limits. This trait is
TRANSCENDENCE.
EXERCISE Explore your possibilities for transcendence. Fill out the table with
the appropriate responses.
I want to be… I can achieve this by…
I want to do the following… I can make this happen by….
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : The Human Body’s Limitations
Learning Competency: Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities
for transcendence. PPT11/12-Ih-3.3

CONCEPT NOTES
Using philosophical inquiry, we understand that we have a body although this

body of ours is not a detached entity. Having a body implies ownership. This
concept is introduced by GABRIEL MARCEL. For instance, nobody can claim
ownership to my body other than myself. This follows that I am responsible for
the well-being of my body.
Hence, we can not simply dismiss our body in the inquiry of our self. If we
include our body as part of our inquiry, then we treat it not just a mere body. But
as an embodied being, we face ourselves first, through our bodies. Our body is the
starting point of inquiry.
EXERCISE List down three (3) of your favorite bodily features. Identify also
your three (3) body parts you would like to enhance.
Parts of my body that I like Parts of my body that I want to improve
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence
Learning Competency: Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence.

PPT11/12-Ii-3.4

CONCEPT NOTES
As human being in the world, we are also described as being-in-the-world.

This means that we are born with limitations. Life becomes more difficult with our
limitations but it also makes our lives more exciting and challenging.
French philosopher, Jean-Paul Sartre refers to FACTICITY as our first

limitation. This are the things in our lives that are already given. Such as our
parents, date and place we are born. Another limitation is our SPATIAL-
TEMPORAL condition. We are limited because our life is just temporary. BODY AS
INTERMEDIARY limits us because we can never fully and directly experience the
world.
EXERCISE Write the information below.
1. Name of Father _________________________
2. Name of Mother ________________________
3. Date of Birth __________________________
4. Place of birth__________________________
5. Number of Siblings ______________________
✓
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Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : The Disorder in the Environment
Learning Competency: Notice disorder in the environment. PPT11/12-Ii-4.1

CONCEPT NOTES
Philosophy seeks to understand the relationship of humanity and its

environment. The discipline in Philosophy that studies the moral relationship of
human beings and its environment is called ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY or
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS.
Environmental philosophers explore the roles of human beings in the natural

world, the interaction between human activities and nature, and how humans
respond to the challenges in the environment. It is understood that as a rational
being, human beings has the capacity to preserve, transform, protect, and develop
the environment.
EXERCISE: Describe the picture below in five (5) words.
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
✓
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Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Practicing Orderliness in our Surroundings
Learning Competency: Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in
an aesthetic way. PPT11/12-Ii-4.2

CONCEPT NOTES
In understanding the relationship between humanity and the environment various

perspectives can be used. Major views used by philosophers are anthropocentrism,
biocentrism, and ecocentrism.
ANTHROPOCENTRISM considers humans the most significant species on the

planet. Humans consider nature as a way to survive. Hence, humans are free to develop an
transform one’s environment. BIOCENTRISM gives equal importance to all organism on
the planet. All organisms have an inherent value and so need to be protected. For
instance, animals are protected by the government by imposing law such as R.A. 8485
“The Animal Welfare Act of 1998.” ECOCENTRISM emphasizes on ecosystems and
biological communities. Humankind is part of the whole biological system. Humans are
considered stewards of nature.
EXERCISE: Identify three (3) objects that are not in proper place and where you
should place it.
Objects Where you found it? Its proper place
Example. Mug Bed Kitchen
1.
2.
3.
✓
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Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Showing Care for the Environment
Learning Competency: Show that care for the environment contributes to health, well-
being and sustainable development. PPT11/12-Ij-4.3

CONCEPT NOTES
Given the challenges in our environment, philosophers emphasize on actions that

address the environmental problems. One of the major approaches that drives
environmentalism is SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. This concept focuses on the
protection of the environment by reconciling human activities and economic development.
It emphasizes on the wise choices we make in the use of our natural resources with
regard to the future generation.
As human persons, being-in-the-world, our accountability is not only to respect our

fellow but also everything in the world. Sustainability relies on three important concepts.
ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY is about maintaining the nature of the environment. Our
activities should not drastically disrupt the surroundings, for example our landscapes.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY refers to the practice of prudence in the use of our resources
to ensure minimum waste. EQUITY is a concept that promotes conservation in
consideration for the next generation.
EXERCISE Examine the picture below. How will you practice care and sustainability for
our natural resources? Write one sentence.
______________________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:
Lesson Title : Prudence and Frugality towards our Environment
Learning Competency: Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards our
environment. PPT11/12-Ij-4.4

CONCEPT NOTES
In making personal choices in the use of our natural resources, the values of
prudence and frugality can guide us. PRUDENCE is our ability to regulate our own
actions. FRUGALITY is being thrifty with the use of our resources.
The practice of prudence and frugality will ensure sustainability of our

natural resources and lessen scarcity for future use. Upholding the concepts and
values of environmentalism is our contribution in solving the greater environmental
challenges.
EXERCISE: Examine the picture below that shows environmental problem. Write
one simple step to help solve the problem.
1. __________________________ 2. __________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Our Actions and Their Consequences
Learning Competency: Realize that “all actions have consequences.” PPT11/12-IIa-5.1

CONCEPT NOTES
All human actions have CONSEQUENCES. The act of choosing or the ability
to choose is valuable because it gives the human person the reason to make
deliberate actions out of motives that reveals his autonomy an agent or as an
individual. The renowned French Existentialist, Sartre, said that “to act in bad
faith is to allow others to choose for you or for a chance to take its lead. Chance
and choosing are not incommensurable.
If a person has the capacity to choose, then that person can be held
responsible over the consequences of his action. If the choice lies in his own hands,
he would take considerable time before acting on something because he knows that
if the consequence is not what he intends to happen, he gets the blame. Hence the
person becomes prudent with choices he makes.
EXERCISE Write the possible consequence in the given human action.
ACTION CONSEQUENCE
1. Helping others ________________

2. Throwing garbage anywhere ________________
3. Cheating ________________
4. Studying hard ________________
5. Smoking ________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Exercising Prudent Choices
Learning Competency: Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices PPT11/12-IIa-5.2

CONCEPT NOTES
Another reality that we have to face as we exercise our freedom is the fact
that freedom is experienced through the act of making choices. Although human
freedom gives us the ability to think countless decisions and possible actions, we
only get to choose and enact one of these possible actions or decisions.
When we make the choice to do a particular action, we can never go back and
redo our actions and make another choice. Real life is not a movie where we can
stop and rewind events and get a “second take” on the situation. Therefore, it is
very important that when confronted with choices, we exercise caution and
prudence and reflect on our possible courses of action.
PRUDENCE (good judgment) is achieve through reflection. This requires us

to reflect on our actions, consider their effects, and make the proper choices
regarding the most beneficial decisions or actions.
.
EXERCISE Write P is the statement describes a prudent (wise) act and I if it

is imprudent (unswise).
__________ 1. Overspending your daily budget.

__________ 2. Recycling your used paper to reduce spending on office supplies.
__________ 3. Paying your bills on time.
__________ 4. Making rash decisions.
__________ 5. Taking a test without studying.
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : The Limits of Freedom
Learning Competency : Realize that: a. Choices have consequences b. Some things are given up
while others are obtained in making choices PPT11/12-IIb-5.3

CONCEPT NOTES
HUMAN FREEDOM should be exercised with control and a recognition of

reasonable limits. We set limits to our own freedom and learn to moderate or control our
thoughts, emotions, and actions depending on the situation. A person can never choose to
limit his or her own freedom or even surrender it entirely it will result in greater
benefits.
Limiting our freedom requires us to sacrifice certain self-interests and accept
certain realities that are beyond our control. Our sense of right and wrong guides as in
recognizing and deciding on the limitations to our freedom.
EXERCISE: Our society imposes restrictions on our individual freedom. Road signs, for
instance, are placed to promote order and harmony. Identify the road signs below and
write your answer on the blank provided.
1. __________ 2. ___________ 3. __________
4. __________ 5. ___________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Exercising freedom in Decision Making
Learning Competency: Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the
consequences of their choices PPT11/12-IIc-5.4

CONCEPT NOTES
FREEDOM is an intrinsic and essential property of the person. This means

that the human person by nature is free being and that it is in his or her nature to
seek freedom. An important indication of human freedom is the ability to make
choices and perform actions. Our freedom to act sets us apart from other beings.
Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self-determination and the exercise

of intellect and free will. This means that a person’s every action is freely
determined and these actions define him or her. We can freely choose to be a
good person and to act in a good way. This is the nature of SELF-
DETERMINATION: that a person’s actions determine what kind of person he or
she becomes.
EXERCISE: Look at the situation below. Maria loses her balance and accidentally
drops her books. As a good person, write down three ways to help her.
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Accepting Each Other’s Differences
Learning Competency: 6.1. Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and
not to imposing on others PPT11/12-IIc-6.1

CONCEPT NOTES
The interaction between the self and the other is related to the
philosophical concept of INTERSUBJECTIVITY which is the mutual recognition of
each other as persons. As humans, we have the natural and universal tendency to
relate, to establish attachments and seek close relationships with other people.
Our human nature drives us to reach out to other people and interact with them in
meaningful ways.
Important values related to intersubjectivity include acceptance of

differences and embracing diversity. We understand that each person is unique,
therefore, differences will exist among groups of people. When we look at physical
traits and even behavior, we can see that no two persons look and think the same.
We have to accept that people have different views and beliefs. What unites us all
is our shared HUMANITY and DIGNITY.
EXERCISE: Make a personal profile of yourself. Share your information in the

class to show your uniqueness as a person.
A. Name __________
B. Nick Name __________
C. Age __________
D. Address: __________
E. Language: __________
F. Religion __________
G. Hobbies: __________
H. Music: __________
I. Movie: __________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Appreciating People with Disabilities
Learning Competency: Appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from
the underprivileged sectors of society and their contributions to society
PPT11/12-IId-6.1
CONCEPT NOTES
The recognition of our shared humanity and dignity is what drives us to

extend assistance and act with concern towards others, especially towards
individuals or groups that experience hardships and discrimination. For instance,
those who are physically and mentally challenged often experience hardships
because of their condition. Despite their limitations, many of them have
successfully transcended their disabilities to become productive and happy
individuals.
HELEN KELLER (1880-1968) was an American author, political activist, and

the first deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor’s degree. NICHOLAS JAMES
“NICK” VUJICIC is an Australian evangelist and motivational speaker who was
born with phocomelia, a condition in which a person is born with no arms and legs.
And lastly, ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG. She is the first visually-impaired Filipino to
graduate summa cum laude from Ateneo de Manila University in 2001. Despite her
handicap (loss of vision), she was a consistent honors student.
EXERCISE Write the most extraordinary talent of the following PWDs:
1. Hellen Keller ___________________________________
2. Nicholas James “Nick” Vujicic ______________________
3. Roselle Ambubuyog ______________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : The Role of Dialogue in Intersubjectivty
Learning Competency: Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are
different from themselves PPT11/12-IId-6.3

CONCEPT NOTES
A DIALOGUE is an interaction between persons that happens through

speech or the use of words, expressions, and body language. It occurs when two
persons “open up” to each other and give and receive one another in their
encounter. Genuine dialogue occurs when persons are willing to share themselves
with one another. The awareness of each other’s presence as a true person is
defined by the acceptance of each other’s uniqueness and differences.
For Martin Buber, human intersubjectivity is a true encounter through the
three spheres of dialogue that “I” engages in. The I-THOU is the encounter
between man and man where language is exchanged and is described as always
mutual, real, and direct; it is an evidence of the reality of human intersubjectivity
through language.
EXERCISE: Using the image below, write a simple conversation of former

classmates who are re-united after 20 years.
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Skills and Talents of PWDs
Learning Competency: Perform activities that demonstrate the talents of persons
with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of
society PPT11/12-Iie-6.4
CONCEPT NOTES
Various advocacies supporting persons with disabilities have resulted in the

institution of events and commemorations such as PARALYMPICS, an international
sport competition modeled after the Olympics that features athletes with
disabilities. The United Nations has also instituted days of awareness. Such as
World Down Syndrome Day (March 21), World Autism Awareness Day (April 2),
and International Day of Persons with Disabilities (December 3).
Countries around the world are encouraged to celebrate these days with
activities that highlight individuals with disabilities. In many of these events,
people with disabilities come together to showcase their abilities and talents in
talent shows, symposiums, and conventions. These events bring together “able” and
“disabled” people in the spirit of friendship and cooperation.
EXERCISE: Based on the image below, identify the disability and

the talent/ability of the PWD.
Disability _______________________
Talent/Ability _______________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : The Origin of Societies
Learning Competency : Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are
transformed by societies PPT11/12-IIf-7.1
CONCEPT NOTES
Philosophers consider SOCIETY as the product of deliberate actions by

individuals who come together in pursuit of a common goal. Society is considered
unique among all other groups because of the nature of the human persons that
compose it. As well as the relationships among its members. As individual persons,
members of society are able to transform themselves and attain development
through their interactions within society, in turn, humans are also able to influence
society through their actions.
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau proposed the
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY to explain the origins of societies. Although there
are variations on this theory, perhaps one common feature they all have is the
fact that the different individuals enter into a kind of agreement with one
another. Individual members put aside their self-interest in order to create a
community where they may live in harmony with others.
EXERCISE: Man is not absolutely free in the society according to the

Social Contract theorists. Government impose restrictions to create order.
Give a governmental policy on the following:
1. Smoking ______________________________
2. Waste Segregation ______________________
3. Jaywalking ____________________________
4. Street Beggars _________________________
5. Parking _______________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Forms of Societies and Individualities
Learning Competency: Compare different forms of societies and individualities (eg. Agrarian,
industrial and virtual) PPT11/12-IIg-7.2
CONCEPT NOTES
AGRARIAN SOCIETY – is formed by people who organized themselves to cultivate

land and produce food. The new inventions of tools such as ploughs combined with
irrigation techniques, brought about an increase in food supplies.
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY – the industrial society is a social system whose mode of

production focuses primarily on finished goods that were made with the aid of
machines. In industrial societies, the largest portion of the labor force is involved
in mechanized production of goods and services.
EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY – education is also a form of a society composed of

people whose main role is to transfer knowledge or information within an
educational institution.
VIRTUAL/SOCIAL NETWORKS – it refers to all components that are part of a

society’s culture based on the functional rather the physical. It specifically refers
to enhanced telecommunication systems and computing technology that people use
to interact with each other within the said society.
EXERCISE: Identify if the item belongs to an Agrarian, Industrial, Educational

or Virtual/Social Network. Write your answer on the blank.
1. Facebook ____________
2. Farmlands ____________
3. Factories ____________
4. Schools ____________
5. Youtube ____________
:
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : The Social Systems
Learning Competency: Explain how human relations are transformed by social systems
PPT11/12-IIg-7.3
CONCEPT NOTES
A SOCIAL SYSTEM consists of a group of individual actors interacting with

each other in a situation that has at least a physical or environmental aspect.
These actors are motivated in terms of a tendency toward “optimization of
gratification” and whose relation to their situations, including each other, is
defined and mediated in terms of a system of culturally structured and shared
symbols.
There are four factors that make up social system and the relationships
involved in forming it. First, a social system is composed of two or more individuals,
which are called actors. Second, the actors interact with one another physically or
in an environment. Third, the interaction is goal-directed, which means they are
interacting because they have a goal to achieve. Fourth, the relationship is
mediated by shared symbols.
EXERCISE: Arrange the following factors of Social System. Write 1 – 4 to

signify the order.
The relationship is mediated by shared symbols. ____

A social system is composed of two or more individuals ____
The actors interact with one another physically or in an environment. ____
The interaction is goal-directed. ____
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : The Transformation of Human Relationships
Learning Competency: Evaluate the transformation of human relationships by social systems
and how societies transform individual human beings. PPT11/12-IIh-7.4
CONCEPT NOTES
SOCIAL SYSTEMS are regarded as open systems, that is, the individuals in
a social system have regular interactions with their environing systems (or the
external environment). The environing systems include cultural and personality
systems, the behavioral and other subsystems of the organism, and through the
organism, the physical environment.
According to Talcott Parsons, an American Sociologist, social systems can be

analyzed in many ways. In the DYNAMIC MODES OF ANALYSIS, social changes
are inevitable and it would be difficult to maintain the order and organization of
the social system. Members of the society are said to continually adapt to the
changing environment. This change will then affect other roles and the
interrelations and interactions in the family institutions.
EXERCISE: Write down the modern counterpart of the following:
THEN NOW
1. Communicating through telephone ____________

2. Encoding through a typewriter ____________
3. Cooking over a wood fire ____________
4. Riding a carriage (Kalesa) ____________
5. Handwashing clothes ____________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : The Meaning of Life
Learning Competency: Recognize the meaning of his/her own life PPT11/12-IIh-8.1
CONCEPT NOTES
Attempts to find meaning in life is to seek to transcend the limits of an

individual. According to Nozick, the phrase, “THE MEANING YOU GIVE YOUR
LIFE” refers to the way you choose to transcend your limits, the particular
package or pattern of external connections you successfully choose to exhibit.
Life’s meaning is naturally connected to the relationships a human person has with
others. Although man is limited by mortality, he can use the traces to go beyond
that limit.
Life’s meaning will and cannot be reduced to the sum total of the value of all
activities that you do or all the relationships that you have even if you are putting
in 100% of your time and all your effort in such relationships. A person accepts
the fact of universal finitude and limits, and struggles bravely to overcome and
transcend his own limits so as thereby achieving meaningfulness. Each moment in
man’s life, he faces with the reality of limits but if he bravely struggles to
overcome these limits, then his life becomes more meaningful.
EXERCISE: Despite the many limitations of man, life remains meaningful.

List down five (5) common human limitations.
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Setting Life Goals
Learning Competency: Enumerate the objectives he/she really wants to achieve and to define
the projects he/she really wants to do in his/her life PPT11/12-IIh-8.2
http://www.actionforhappiness.org/take-action/set-your-goals-and-make-
them-happen
CONCEPT NOTES
One’s GOAL refers to his ambition or effort; an aim or desired result. Goals
are important in the sense that they give one direction in life. Having goals for
things we want to do and working towards them is an important part of being
human. It gives us a sense of meaning and purpose, points us in the direction we
want to go and gets us interested and engaged, all of which are good for our
overall happiness.
The strongest intention about one’s life is a LIFE PLAN which is an

individual’s list of coherent, systematic purposes and intentions for his life. It
specifies the person’s major goals.
Over 2000 years ago, Aristotle said "Well begun is half done." With regards
to goals, he's right (as he seems to have been on a lot of things). Paying attention
to how we set our goals makes us more like to achieve them and achieving them
makes us feel good about ourselves and our lives.
EXERCISE: List down five (5) personal goals you need to accomplish in the
next ten (10) years.
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
5. ___________________________
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : The Role of Death in Finding Life’s Meaning
Learning Competency: Explain the meaning of life (where will all these lead to) PPT11/12-
IIh-8.3
CONCEPT NOTES
The end of life is signaled by death. This phenomenon clearly shows the
mortality of the human person. The phenomenon of DEATH is inevitable and is an
undeniable fact of experience. Death is one of the possibilities of the human
person.
Everyone faces the facticity or eventuality of death. As Victor Frankl said,

“DEATH ITSELF IS WHAT MAKES LIFE MEANINGFUL.” If you have accepted
and understood the notion of death, you will be able to embrace the life that you
have, including the reality of death. Death may limit the possibilities of being, but
if death is a being’s possibility, then human persons must contend and accept the
impossibility to live infinitely.
Understanding and accepting death makes life meaningful because it limits

the human possibilities and removes the human compunction of doing tasks and
activities if life is infinite.
EXERCISE: An epitaph is an inscription on a tomb or a grave in memory of the

person buried there. Create your own epitaph.
Rubric:
Message (10) ______

Creativity (10) ______
Neatness (10) ______
✓
SHARED OPTIONS
Name: Date: Score:

Lesson Title : Discovering the Essence of Our Existence
Learning Competency: Reflect on the meaning of his/her own life PPT11/12-IIh-8.4
CONCEPT NOTES
EXISTENTIALISM is a philosophical tradition that focuses on the

centrality on the human person’s existence. Through human condition (the
inevitable positive or negative events of existence as a human being), a person
realizes how it is to be human. One will understand how to live according to this
nature through human condition. It is human nature which defines a human person,
but it is through his or her condition that the nature of the human person is
revealed.
The quest for meaning is a quest for TRANSCENDENCE. To understand that

life is meaningful must also take into account that human life is finite and limited.
Life’s meaning is gained when you put yourself to activities which accepts your
finite nature and limits, yet at the same time does not hinder you to try to
overcome or go beyond limits. Thus, to find meaning is to bravely struggle against
these limits and create a measure of organic unity between the different facets
of one’s life in one value-laden context.
EXERCISE Create a "life map" (symbol timeline) that illustrates your own life.
Your life map must contain three (3) symbols that represent your personal
struggles you have overcome in your life.
Rubric:
Content (10) ______
Creativity (10) _____
Neatness (10) ______

Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person

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Preface

It has been elaborated in research and literature that the highest

performing education systems are those that combine quality with

equity. Quality education in the Department of Education (DepEd) is

ensured by the learning standards in content and performance laid in

the curriculum guide. Equity in education means that personal or

social circumstances such as gender, ethnic origin or family

background, are not obstacles to achieving educational potential and

that inclusively, all individuals reach at least a basic minimum level of

In these education systems, the vast majority of learners have the

opportunity to attain high-level skills, regardless of their own

personal and socio-economic circumstances. This corresponds to the

aim of DepEd Cagayan de Oro City that no learner is left in the

progression of learning. Through DepEd’s flexible learning options

pursue in the Open High School Program (OHSP) or in the

Alternative Learning System (ALS).

One of the most efficient educational strategies carried out by

DepEd Cagayan de Oro City at the present is the investment in FLO

Alternative Responsive Education Delivery (SHARED) Options is

Superintendent, Jonathan S. Dela Peña, PhD.

Two secondary schools, Bulua National High School and Lapasan

National High School, and two government facilities, Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology-Cagayan de Oro City Jail and Department

of Health-Treatment and Rehabilitation Center-Cagayan de Oro City,

are implementing the SHARED Options.

To keep up with the student-centeredness of the K to 12 Basic

Education Curriculum, SHARED Options facilitators are adopting the

tenets of Dynamic Learning Program (DLP) that encourages

responsible and accountable learning.

This compilation of DLP learning activity sheets is an instrument to

achieve quality and equity in educating our learners in the second

activity sheets will continually improve over the years.

Ray Butch D. Mahinay, PhD

The operation of the Senior High School Alternative Responsive

Education Delivery (SHARED) Options took off with confidence that

learners with limited opportunities to senior high school education

and optimistic Dynamic Learning Program (DLP) writers, validators,

and consultants, the SHARED Options is in full swing. Gratitude is

due to the following:

 Schools Division Superintendent, Jonathan S. Dela Peña, PhD,

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Alicia E. Anghay,

PhD, for authoring and buoying up this initiative to the fullest;

 CID Chief Lorebina C. Carrasco, and SGOD Chief Rosalio R.

Vitorillo, for the consistent support to all activities in the

 School principals and senior high school teachers from Bulua

legwork that SHARED Options is always in vigor;

 Stakeholders who partnered in the launching and operation of

SHARED Options, specifically to the Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology-Cagayan de Oro City Jail and the

Department of Health-Treatment and Rehabilitation Center-

Cagayan de Oro City;

which this compilation is heavily attributable to, for their

expertise and time spent in the workshops;

 Alternative Learning System implementers, for the technical

assistance given to the sessions; and

 To all who in one way or another have contributed to the

undertakings of SHARED Options.

Mabuhay ang mga mag-aaral! Ito ay para sa kanila, para sa bayan!

Ray Butch D. Mahinay, PhD