APPROVAL SHEET To ABSTRACT

Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY

Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon
College of Forestry and Environmental Science

Department of Environmental Science
APPROVAL SHEET
The undergraduate thesis proposal attached hereto entitled, “CARRYING

CAPACITY OF LAKE NAPALIT, PANGANTUCAN, BUKIDNON” (Research No.
20452), prepared and submitted by ALYANNA KATE CORONEL MALERIADO, in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in
Environmental Science, is hereby accepted.
ERIC N. BRUNO
Chair, Thesis Advisory Committee
Date:
ANGELA GRACE I. TOLEDO-BRUNO

Member, Thesis Advisory Committee
Date:
MICHAEL ARIEH P. MEDINA

Member, Thesis Advisory Committee
Date:
Recommending Approval:
ANGELA GRACE I. TOLEDO-BRUNO Date

Chair, Department of Environmental Science
IDA V. MAGHUYOP Date

College Research Coordinator
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Science in Environmental Science.
Approved:
ALEX S. OLPENDA Date

Dean, College of Forestry and Environmental Science
Noted by:
JUPITER V. CASAS Date

Research Director
i
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
The author was born on December 17, 1997 in Don Carlos, Bukidnon.
She is the youngest of three siblings of Mr. Alan E. Maleriado and Mrs. Luchi
C. Maleriado. She finished her primary education at Don Carlos Central
Elementary School in the year 2010 and finished her secondary education at
Loyola High School in the year 2014. She then continued her education at
Central Mindanao University in Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, where she
pursued a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science degree.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to acknowledge and give her warmest thanks to
her adviser, Eric N. Bruno, M.Sc., EnP, who made this work possible. His
guidance, advice, and patience carried her through the entire process of
writing her thesis. The author is grateful to her committee members, Dr.
Angela Grace Toledo-Bruno and Dr. Mike Arieh P. Medina for their comments
and suggestions throughout her thesis.
The author is thankful to the municipal local government of
Pangantucan, tourism office of Pangantucan, and barangay local government
of Pigtauranan for allowing her to conduct research in Lake Napalit.
The author would also like to give special thanks to Brian and his family
for their support and understanding while undertaking her research.
ALYANNA KATE C. MALERIADO
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET i
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii
ABSTRACT ix
I INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Objectives of the Study 3
Significance of the Study 3
Scope and Limitation of the Study 3
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Lake in the Philippines 4
Ecosystem Services Derived From Lakes 5
Threats to Lake Ecosystem 8
The Concept of Carrying Capacity in the Context 9
of Tourism
Lake Napalit’s Current Condition 10
III METHODOLOGY
Locale of the Study 12
Methods 14
Entry Protocol 14
Socio-economic Profile: Tourists 14
Socio-economic Profile: Residents 15
iv
Characterizing the Features of Lake Napalit 15
Evaluating the Impacts of Tourism to Local 16
Economy
Determining the Carrying Capacity 16
Data Analysis 18
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Tourists’ Profile 19
Lake Napalit’s Residents’ Profile 22
Lake Napalit as a Tourist Attraction 27
Impacts of Tourism on Local Economy 35
Carrying Capacity of Lake Napalit 42
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary 49
Conclusions 51
Recommendations 51
LITERATURE CITED 53
APPENDICES 66
v
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Location of the study site 12
2 Lake Napalit 13
3 Survey-interview with the tourist respondents 14
4 Survey-interview with resident respondents 15
5 Interview with the lake management and barangay 16
chairman
6 Panoramic view of Lake Napalit 27
7 Lake Napalit features as a tourism destination 28
8 Purpose of tourists for visiting Lake Napalit 29
9 Source of information about the lake as a 30
tourist destination
10 Frequency of visits to Lake Napalit 31
11 Hours spent by tourist-respondents on the site 32
12 Economic benefits on households in the Lake 35
Napalit area
13 Main income of resident respondents from tourism 36
14 Additional income of resident respondents from tourism 37
15 Income sources derived from tourism 37
16 Lake Napalit and the areas used for tourism 42
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 Lake Napalit tourists' profile 20
2 Tourism-related characteristics of the respondents 21
3 Tourist-respondents’ expenditures on visiting the site 22
4 Lake Napalit’s residents’ profile 24
5 Tourists’ concerns in visiting the site 32
6 Tourists’ suggestions to help improve the site 33
7 Level of satisfaction among tourist-respondents in 33
visiting the site
8 Livelihood opportunities in Lake Napalit 35
9 Residents’ concerns in the development of Lake Napalit 39
10 Residents’ suggestions to help improve the site 40
11 Values used in computing levels of carrying capacity 41
12 Tropical cyclones that affected Bukidnon in 2021 44
13 Number of rainy days in Pangantucan in 2021 44
14 Computed carrying capacity of Lake Napalit 48
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

1 Questionnaire for the respondents 67
2 Communication letter for the Pangantucan 73
Tourism Management
3 Communication letter for the Mayor of 74
Pangantucan, Bukidnon
4 Communication letter for the Barangay Chairman 76
of Barangay Pigtauranan, Pangantucan,
Bukidnon
5 Interview with tourist-respondents 78
6 Interview with resident-respondents 79
7 Lake Napalit 80
8 Solutions in solving the carrying capacity of the 82
water area
floating cottages
Lake viewing area
viii
ABSTRACT
MALERIADO, ALYANNA KATE C. Bachelor of Science in

Environmental Science, Central Mindanao University, University Town,
Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon. June 2022 “CARRYING CAPACITY OF LAKE
NAPALIT, PANGANTUCAN, BUKIDNON”
Adviser: ERIC N. BRUNO, M.Sc., EnP
Lake Napalit has been established as one of the tourist destinations in

Panganctucan, Bukidnon. Based on that condition, the number of tourists in
Lake Napalit is projected to increase significantly since tourism is a trend
these days. As a destination that provides natural-based experiences, there is
a need to balance the increasing number of tourists’ arrival with the
environmental capability of the destination as well as to develop tourism
control and management. The purpose of this study is to a) compare the
socio-economic profile of the tourists and residents surrounding Lake Napalit;
b) characterize the features of the lake as a tourist attraction; c) evaluate the
impacts of tourism to the local economy; and d) determine the carrying
capacity of the lake.
Data collection involved using a structured questionnaire through a
face-to-face interview. Through convenient sampling, 60 tourist respondents
were selected, and 42 resident respondents were purposively chosen. The
majority of the tourists are mainly between ages 21 to 40, single, first-time
visitors, and have travelled along with their friends. While the majority of
residents are between ages 21 to 40 years old, and predominantly males who
are single. Most of them work as construction workers on the site. However,
most of them earn below the poverty threshold.
Lake Napalit has a stunning view of Mt. Kalatungan. It also has floating
cottages that allow tourists to enjoy the scenic view of the mountains and
lake, making it a one-of-a-kind tourist destination. As a result, tourists prefer to
ix
go sightseeing on the site. Because of the growing tourism on Lake Napalit, it
generates job opportunities for the residents. On which the majority works on
ix
constructing new facilities on the site. The entrance fee and floating
cottage rental fee, on the other hand, provide income to the local government
and indigenous peoples. The income is used to fund the site's development
and maintenance, as well as the IPs' community needs.
In determining the carrying capacity of Lake Napalit, the Boullon’s
Carrying Capacity Mathematical Model (BCCMM) is used. The result of the
study shows that the site could accommodate 1583 visitors per day. The
recorded visitors per day (120) is still under the maximum carrying capacity,
thus it is still “safe”. Assessing the carrying capacity of Lake Napalit prevents
the negative consequences to the environment and the host community.
x
ii

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Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY

College of Forestry and Environmental Science

The undergraduate thesis proposal attached hereto entitled, “CARRYING

ANGELA GRACE I. TOLEDO-BRUNO

MICHAEL ARIEH P. MEDINA

ANGELA GRACE I. TOLEDO-BRUNO Date

IDA V. MAGHUYOP Date

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

ALEX S. OLPENDA Date

JUPITER V. CASAS Date

ALYANNA KATE C. MALERIADO

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

TABLE TITLE PAGE

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

MALERIADO, ALYANNA KATE C. Bachelor of Science in

Adviser: ERIC N. BRUNO, M.Sc., EnP

Lake Napalit has been established as one of the tourist destinations in

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