Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 33

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020–Health

Science and Nursing (ICoSIHSN 2020)

Formulation of Body Scrub Cream From Extract of

Arabika Green Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) as
Antioxidant
Damayanti Hilda1,* Aprilliani Arini2 Clarissa D. Nancy3
1,2,3
Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Arabica green coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) have many chemical contents in the seeds, namely tannins, alkaloids,
flavonoids, coumarin and quinones. Arabica green coffee beans also have antioxidant activity because they have
polyphenols. Oil cream in water is very preferred for topical use because it is easy to use and easy to clean. Span 60 and
Tween 60 can be used as emulsifiers to form oil-type body scrub creams in water. The purpose of this study was to
determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in 70% ethanol extract of arabica green coffee beans (Coffea
arabica L.), to formulate and determine the physical properties of 70% ethanol extract body scrub cream arabica green
coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) which good, to find out the activity of 70% ethanol extract cream of arabica green coffee
beans (Coffea arabica L.) against free radicals. This research was conducted by first making extracts of arabica green
coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.). Extraction was carried out using 70% ethanol solvent. The formulation of body scrub
cream arabica green coffee bean extract (Coffea arabica L.) use extract concentration 1%, 3% and 5%. Then, Body scrub
cream evaluated by physical examination, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and room temperature
storage tests. Antioxidant activity of body scrub cream Assess by calculating IC50 values. The antioxidant activity of
body scrub creams at concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5% has IC50 values of 177.64 ppm; 118.10 ppm; and 99.76 ppm

Keywords: Arabica green coffee beans, scrub cream, antioxidant

1. INTRODUCTION beans are coffee beans that have been peeled and have not
been roasted [4].
Everyone definitely yearns to look beautiful, handsome The content contained in coffee is chlorogenic acid and
and youthful, especially for women where appearance is caffeine which are phenolic compounds and flavonoid
one of the aspects that can create high self-confidence. compounds [5]. These flavonoids are reducing
Even though someone is no longer a teenager, they must compounds that act as antioxidants. The antioxidant
still look beautiful and enchanting. The appearance of skin properties of flavonoid compounds come from their
that is smooth, without wrinkles, and radiant is every ability to transfer an electron to free radical compounds
woman's dream [1] and can inhibit oxidation reactions [6]. Based on research
Skin care cosmetics include cosmetics to clean the skin, by [7].showed that the ethanol extract of arabica coffee
cosmetics to moisturize the skin, protective cosmetics and fruit made in the form of cream type (M / A) has antiaging
cosmetics to thin the skin or what are commonly called activity. Based on the research [8]shows that the Arabica
peels. One example of cosmetic skin care is scrubs. Lulur coffee plant contains phenolic compounds and flavonoid
or body scrub can moisturize the skin, leaving the skin compounds that act as antioxidants.
looking and feeling soft. Just like skin cells on the face, Based on the research [9].shows that the ethanol extract
skin cells in the body are also regularly replaced with new, of arabica green coffee beans has an IC50 value of 0.7 g /
healthier cells under the skin [2]. The process of replacing ml which is in the very strong category.
these cells will slow down as we age [3].
Body scrub cream is a skin care cosmetic product that
Coffee is widely cultivated in Indonesia. There are is a little harsh or commonly called obrasiver cosmetics
generally two types of coffee cultivated in Indonesia, [10]. Based on research by [11] which examined body
namely robusta coffee and arabica coffee. Arabica coffee scrub formulas using Span 60 and Tween 60 as surfactants
(Coffea arabica L.) is coffee originating from Africa, with the most stable concentration of 2%. Ease of Use
namely from the mountainous areas of Ethiopia. However,
Arabica coffee is known to the public after the plant was
developed outside of its original area, namely Yemen in
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
the southern part of the Arabian peninsula. Arabica coffee The research method includes the type of research,
plants grow lush and form small shrubs. Green coffee namely laboratory experiments by making a body scrub

Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V.

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 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 33

cream formulation from 70% ethanol extract of arabica phase and the liquid phase at the time of melting. The oil
green coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) as an antioxidant. phase (Stearic acid, Adeps lanae, Cetyl alcohol, Span 60
Then the evaluation of the cream preparations includes then added with Propyl paraben) is melted in a porcelain
organoleptic test, homogeneity test, spreadability test, dish at a temperature of 70oC over a water bath while
adhesion test, pH test, viscosity test and room temperature stirring until homogeneous . The water phase (dissolved
storage test. methyl paraben with water that has been heated and add
propylenglycol, liquid paraffin, then add tween 60) is
This research was conducted from December 2019 to
dissolved in a proselen dish over a water bath at the same
April 2020, conducted at the Center for Biological
temperature while stirring until homogeneous. Cream is
Research and Development - LIPI Cibinong, Jl. Raya
made by mixing the oil phase to the water phase while
Jakarta - Bogor for plant determination, Muhammadiyah
stirring with an electric stirrer for 3 minutes, then leaving
Tangerang College of Pharmacy Jl. KH Syekh Nawawi
it for 20 seconds then stirring until it is homogeneous,
Km. 4 No.13 Tigaraksa, Tangerang Regency for the
after being formed the cream is added to the extract and
Extraction Process, Preparation of cream preparations and
rice powder (mesh 60/40).
for testing the antioxidant activity of various formulas for
the cream of green coffee bean extract arabica (Coffea Furthermore, the physical stability test was carried out
arabica L.) carried out at Poltekes Pasar Minggu Rt / Rw on the cream. Then the best formulas and formulas were
06/01 Jati Padang, Pasar district Sunday, South Jakarta. optimized based on the evaluation that met the
requirements, then the selected formula was used to make
2.1 Materials the cream of the Arabica green coffee bean extract.

In this study, 70% ethanol extract of arabica coffee 2.5 Body scrub evaluation
(Coffea arabica L.) was used from the plantation of
Sukamarga Village, Buay Pematang Ribu Ranau Tengah The body scrub cream was evaluated for organoleptic,
District, South Ulu Komering Organ Regency, South pH, consistency, spreadability, irritability, washability
Sumatra. Coffee beans are obtained from ripe coffee with and grittiness
a reddish color. The materials used in this study were 70%
ethanol, stearic acid, aquadest, adeps lanae, methyl 2.6 Measurement of antioxidant activity with
paraben, propyl paraben, liquid paraffin, cetyl alcohol, DPPH method
Span 60, green coffee beans arabica coffee, tween 60.
2.6.1 Preparation of 0.05 mM DPPH Solution
2.2 Preparation of extracts
Weigh 0.0098 gram DPPH powder in a 250 mL
The sample of Arabica green coffee beans that had been measuring flask, dissolved in methanol p.a up to 250 mL
mashed and weighed was 1 kg and macerated with 70% (0.1 mM)
ethanol solvent. This maceration process lasts 3 x 24 hours
while stirring occasionally. The purpose of stirring is to
even out the concentration of the solution outside the
2.6.2 Preparation of Vitamin C Comparative
simplicia powder grain, so that the smallest degree of Solutions
concentration between the solution inside the cell and
Weigh 0.005 grams of vitamin C powder dissolved with
outside the cell is maintained.
50 ml of methanol p.a in a 5 ml volumetric flask to obtain
Then, it is filtered to separate the pulp from the a concentration of 100 ppm (mother liquor). Then from
macerate. Maserat was remacerated for 24 hours. After the mother liquor a series of concentrations of 1 ppm, 2
that, it is filtered again and the resulting macerate is ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm and 5 were made.
evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of
60oC 2.6.3 Preparation of the Test Solution
Concentration Series
2.3 Phytochemical Screening
Weigh 0.0025 grams of ethanol extract of arabica green
Phytochemical screening in this study was conducted to coffee beans dissolved in methanol up to 25 mL, obtained
determine what secondary metabolites are contained in the a stock solution of 100 ppm. 10 mL concentration series
extract of green arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.). 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 were made.
This phytochemical screening includes testing for
flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, quinones, tannins, 2.6.4. Determination of the Maximum Wavelength
coumarin and steroids and triterpenoids.
Determination of the maximum wavelength was
2.4 Formulation Body Scrub carried out by measuring the absorbance of the DPPH 0.05
mM solution as much as 4 mL using a spectrophotometer
The body scrub cream formulation begins with
with a wavelength of 500-525 nm to obtain an absorbance
weighing the ingredients to be used, separating the oil

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of 0.2-0.8. The wavelength that produces the greatest 3.2 Results of Scrub Cream Characteristics
absorbance is the maximum wavelength

2.6.5 Test the Antioxidant Activity of Cream

Preparations
Weigh 1 g of cream and put it in erlenmeyer, then
dissolve it in methanol p.a until the volume becomes 25
mL, heat it on a water bath until the cream and ethanol
Figure 1. Result of organoleptic test scrub cream
become homogeneous, then cooled in ice cubes. Do this 3
times into the test tube, then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for
Table 2. Evaluation Of Body Scrub Cream
10 minutes. Filtered and let stand in a dark place for 30
minutes. Read the absorbance using a UV-Vis Formula
No Parameter
spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 516.65 nm. F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
Calculated% antioxidant activity of the cream of ethanol Traffic Pure Light Traffic
extract of arabica coffee with the formula. 1 Color Ivory
White White Ivory White
2 Odor Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless
% Inhibition = Ac – As x 100% Ac 3 Consistency Creamy Creamy Creamy Creamy Creamy
Where Ac is the absorbance of the control reaction 4 pH 6,8 6,7 6,5 6,2 4,6
(containing all reagents except the sample extract) and As 5 Viscosity (cPs) 21870 18993 18452 17538 17366
is the absorbance of the sample extract
homogen homogen homogen Homogen homogen
6 Homogenity
eous eous eous eous eous
Spreadability
.3. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION 7 6,06 5,2 6,26 6,33 6,16
(cm)
8 Adhesion (s) 4.96 4.5 5 4.5 2.7
3.1 Phytochemical screening results
Based on the table of phytochemical screening results, In this study, body scrub creams of arabica green coffee
it is stated that the arabica green coffee bean extract beans are successfully developed from previous research
positively contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, from [11] with modification. Organoleptic test results
quinones and alkaloids. Based on the previous research with three repetitions show that the body scrub cream
[8]shows that the Arabica coffee plant contains flavonoid formula changes color every time the extract is added
compounds that act as antioxidants.The oxidation- with a different concentration.The higher the
reduction (redox) properties of phenolic compounds, such concentration of the extract given to a preparation will
as flavonoids and phenolic acids,for example, help experience a darker color change.
neutralize/stabilize free radicals [12].Green coffee beans
Evaluation results obtained showed that the scrub cream
contain large amounts of polyphenolic antioxidants, such
was soft, easy to spread and applies comfortly to the skin
as chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and n-coumarinic acids
based on spreadability fisic test. scrub cream without
[13].emulsion or cream Arabica green coffee beans,
extract was traffic white odorless, homogenous, pH 6,8
antioxidant activitas, are potential product for the
21870 cP viscosity. Green Coffee beans scrub cream 1%
prevention of UV radiation- induced and physiological
was pure white, odorless, homogenous, pH 6,7 18542 cP
aging [14].
viscosity. Green Coffee beans scrub cream 2% was light
ivory, odorless, homogenous, pH 6.5 18542 cP viscosity.
Table 1. Of phytochemical screening
Green Coffee beans scrub cream 3% was ivory, odorless,
Phytochemical Result homogenous, pH 6,2 17538 cP viscosity. Positive control
screening scrub cream 2% was traffic white, odorless, homogenous,
Flavonoid + pH 4,6, 18542 cP viscosity. The pH of all formulas was
Tanin + in the ranged of pH of cosmteic product in accordance
Saponin + with SNI 16-4339-1996 (4.5-8.0)[16]. The viscosity of all
Kuinon + formulas was in accordance with [16]SNI 16-4399-1996
Alkaloid (Mayer) +
about cosmetic products which states that the viscosity of
cosmetic products ranges from 2000-50000 Cp. The
Steroid/Triterpenoid -
Results of viscosity test show that the addition of arabica
green coffee extract reduced the thickness of the
preparation. For scrub cream, the greater the decrease in
the viscosity of the sample, the more intense a scrubbing
effect can be [17].

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The results of the adhesion evaluation test on the addition of body scrub cream preparation extract 70%
preparations that have been mixed with the extract, the ethanol extract seeds Arabica green coffee has a relatively
formula for making the body scrub cream base becomes weak antioxidant activity as a body scrub cream
slightly thick so that it affects adhesion. The longer the preparation because there are only excipients. Body scrub
adhesion of a preparation, the longer the time for drug formula 2 cream preparation with 1% extract
penetration to the skin so that drug absorption will be concentration has an IC50 value of 177.64 μg / ml, this
maximized [18]. Acceptability of cream by the consumer shows that formula 2 with the addition of 1% extract
and its effectiveness require the preparations to have cream body scrub preparation with 70% ethanol extract of
specific mechanical properties, easy of removal from the green arabica coffee beans has strong antioxidant activity.
container, spreadability on the skin, and rheological classified as weak as a body scrub cream preparation.
properties such as viscosity, elasticity, flowability or Body scrub formula 3 cream preparation with 3% extract
adhesiveness [19]. The better the consistency and texture concentration has an IC50 value of 118.10 μg / ml, this
of the cosmetic product, the better the smearing ability shows that formula 3 with the addition of a concentration
produced [20]. of 3 extracts body scrub cream preparation with 70%
ethanol extract of Arabica green coffee beans has the
Hydrophilic creams were chosen for incorporation of strength of antioxidant activity classified as being a body
arabica green coffee extract because the emulsions o/w scrub cream preparation. The gel preparation formula 4
with a hydrophilic external phase are miscible with water with an extract concentration of 5% has an IC50 value of
and skin secretions and thus are easily removed from skin 99.76 μg / ml, this shows that formula 4 with the addition
or clothing [21]. of a 5% concentration extract of the cream body scrub
preparation of 70% ethanol extract of green arabica coffee
3.3 Antioxidant activity beans has the strength of antioxidant activity which is
3.3.1 Preparation of DPPH Main Solution classified as strong as a body scrub cream preparation.
The positive control formula 5 cream preparation, namely
In this study, DPPH mother liquor was made by weighing vitamin C, has an IC50 value of 48.91 μg / ml, this shows
2 mg of DPPH powder and put it in a 100 mL measuring that formula 5 with the addition of positive control,
flask, and dissolving it in p.a metabolism up to 100 mL namely vitamin C cream preparation for body scrub with
(0.1 mM) [15]. 70% ethanol extract of arabica green coffee beans has
strong antioxidant activity. classified as very strong as a
3.3.2 Determination of Operating Time cream preparation.
Topical application of such preparation provides greater
The results of determining the operating time on the
photoprotective effect than peroral solution, and could be
antioxidant activity test from 0 to 60 minutes did not show
useful in human skin care. Hydrophilic cream optimal
stable absorbance, so 30 minutes were taken to refer to the
delivery system for such plant preparations containing
journal. Then the sample preparation was carried out by
polyphenols and flavonoid [23].
making a stock solution of 1000 ppm concentration and
operating time and made a concentration series of 10 ppm,
20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm and 50 ppm.
3.3.3 Antioxidant Activity Test of Arabica Green
Coffee Bean Extract
The determination of wavelength aims to obtain a
wavelength that provides a maximum and stable
absorbance value. The measurement of wavelength is
carried out at the peak of the curve because the peak has
the highest sensitivity as indicated by the highest
absorbance value. The highest absorbance value and
stable of DPPH solution is at a wavelength of 515-520 nm
[22] . ThE result of determining. The maximum
wavelength obtained in this study is 517.0 nm.
Antioxidant activity of the test solution for the Arabica
green coffee bean extract with an average IC50 value 14.89
μg / ml and was included in the very strong antioxidant
category. the antioxidant activity increased with an
increasing amount of extract. Based on test results
Antioxidant activity with the DPPH method that
antioxidant activity in body scrub cream formula 1
without the addition of extracts with an IC50 value of
238.08 μg / ml, this shows that formula 1 without the

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Formula 10% Formula 33%

y = 0,092x + 28,71 45 y = 0,124x + 33,096

34 40

% DPPH Inhibition
33 R² = 0,998 R² = 0,999
35
% DPPH Inhibition

32 y = 0,088x + 28,89 30 y = 0,173x + 33,022

31 R² = 0,998 25 R² = 0,970
20
30 y = 0,8088x + 29,07 15
10 y = 0,125x + 34,144
29 R² = 0,998
28 5 R² = 0,999
0
27
10 20 30 40 50
10 20 30 40 50
ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm
Concentration
Concentration

Green Coffee Beans Arabica Extract Formula 45%

51 44
y = 0,267x + 45,875 43 y =0,146x + 35,33
50 42

% DPPH Inhibition
R² = 0,999 R² = 0,997
49 41
% DPPH Inhibition

48 40 y = 0,145x + 35,464
y = 0,281x + 45,913 39
47 R² = 0,998 38 R² = 0,994
37
46 y = 0,268x + 46,073 36 y = 0,146x + 35,518
45 R² = 0,999 35
34 R² = 0,997
44 33
3 6 9 12 15 10 20 30 40 50 U
ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm
1
Concentration Concentration

Formula 21% Formula 5 Vitamin C 1 %

36
35 60 y = 0,561x + 22,16
% DPPH Inhibition

% DPPH Inhibition

34 y = 0,117x + 28,021 50
33 R² = 0,999 R² = 0,996
32 40
31 y = 0,125x + 28,379 y = 0,565x + 22,309
30 R² = 0,937 30
29 R² = 0,997
28 y = 0,124x + 28,495 20
27 R² = 0,947 y = 0,567x + 22,733
10
26 R² = 0,997
0
10 20 30 40 50
10 20 30 40 50
ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm
ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm
Concentration
Concentration

Figure 2. Result of antioxidant activity test

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