Field Drilling and Operations Manual

Index
Pre Drilling
Site Selection Office Shelter and Transportation Power Requirements Communications and Data Recording Equipment o Water Testing Kit o Outside Sampling o Personal Safety Equipment o Inside Site Hut o Stationery o Miscellaneous o Additional Equipment for coring Accommodation Timing Pre-drill checklist and Authority to Drill

Drillsite Setup Daily Drilling Procedures

Arrival on site Safety Pre drilling Mud gas detection system setup for mud drilling During Drilling o Chipping o Air drilling o Mud drilling o Coring Evening

Well Testing
Gas Flow testing Procedures to convert from mud to air drilling for flow test Estimating gas flow rate in the field Water sampling and testing Estimating water flow rates using V-notch weir Flare lighting Geophysical logging Coal desorption Methane adsorption isotherms

Post Drilling

Technical Information
Gas detector operation Check list for gas detector on night before drilling Check list for gas detector on day of use Importing data into downhole explorer Mud drum design How to determine lag time How to construct a water trap using a 600ml plastic bottle Laptop and internet setup How to send an email from the field using the LG CDMA phone How to send an email from the field using the Kyocera CDMA phone

Contact Details Miscellaneous

Conversion Tables Water flow Table Metric and Imperial conversions

Pre Drilling Site Selection

Talk to landholder. They might have areas that are more suited and areas where they dont want you to go. Make sure the site wont disturb people or stock. Dont drill within 400m of the house. Ask if any stock will be in the same area. If so, ask if the stock can be moved to another paddock. If they cant then fencing will have to be erected around mud pits to stop stock falling in. Good access for drill rig and support equipment. Possible all weather access would be ideal. Scrub maybe ok if it can be cleared. Check with landholder prior to this. Close to water supply. Landholder may have dam closeby. Check with them before hand whether you can use the water, especially in drought conditions. If not, ask if they know where you can get water. As a last resort you may have to get water carted in. Be aware of security concerns. How far away from a main road are you? Can you be seen? Assess security risks and take appropriate action. Ie. Locking everything up at night. Check phone reception for CDMA coverage. If none then take satellite phone when drilling. Look around the place for the best reception and take note.

Office
Complete Pre-drilling checklist Collect BLIN maps and QVAS for property from DNR (AXA Building, 144 Edward st Brisbane). Forms, compensation cheque and notices sent to appropriate people. Drilling and desorption contracts to be finalised. Drilling proposal to be completed and checked. Template should be available at office. Contact drillers with drilling proposal. They should organise casing and other associated logistics. Signs for onsite ie. Authorised personnel only. Organise other contractor and onsite equipment.

Shelter and Transportation

Site office and toilet from Wreck air/Master hire, 16x 8 and should come with table and chairs. Delivery on site or drillers may be able to pick it up. Transportation to and from site (private or rent a car). May have to be taken off road.

Power Requirements
Power source. Check with drillers if we can run power off the drill rig using the inverter. Must be steady current. Inverter 600Watt capacity. Extension cords, 3x20m heavy-duty tradesman. 2 power boards (6 outlet). Nickel metal hydride batteries (at least 8) and chargers. Drillers may also supply diesel generator if extra power is needed. Diesel generator will be required for coring. Minimum 12 KVA with 2-phase outlet.

Communication and Data Recording

CDMA mobile phone, data cable, external antennae and recharger. Phone must be capable of turning into modem to send emails from the field. VRAE gas detector with water filters, water traps, extra tubing 5, 6, 8 & 10 mm plastic and 1.5m of 6mm copper tubing. Data cable, charger and spare rechargeable batteries (NiMH). Laptop (all necessary software including Internet explorer, Office, Downhole explorer, ProRAE suite and report template), printer (optional). Laptop requires PS2 mouse as to leave the serial port free for gas detector and mobile phone data link. Cables for internet (Modem to phone line). PCMCIA modem Digital camera. Flash card and NiMH batteries Iridium Satellite phone

Equipment
Pick up any equipment from the Storage shed at Centenary Allstore Self Storage, 43 Oldfield Rd, Seventeen Mile Rocks. Must have key for padlock. Owners have a key onsite. Water Testing Kit o Digital conductivity meter and calibrating solution. o Digital pH meter and buffer solutions for calibrating. o Water quality tables. Outside Sampling (Gas, sediment, water) o Outside worktable (card table). o Sample bags, calico 11 x 5. Up to 200 per hole. o 5L gas bags (Seismic Supply) o 500mL/1L water sampling bottles o 5 compartment, clear plastic chip trays for in-house records (seismic supply). o 3-4 Sieves (1mm from hardware store) of various sizes. o 50 Pegs, 10-15m rope (~5mm) and 4 star pickets for drying samples and setting up gas detector near blooie line. o 10L Bucket, zip ties. o 3 medium sized plastic containers for storing chips in before washing. o Flow prover 2npt, aperture plates, 2 x 1000 kpa pressure gauges. Personal Safety Equipment o Hard hats o Steel capped boots o Ear plugs o Work gloves, o fire extinguisher, first aid kit. Inside Site Hut o Microscope (Handle with care). 20x and 40x binocular with light above. o Small desk light. o GPS, hand lens, camera (digital optional). o 600ml plastic coke bottles for making field water traps. Challenge gas bottle. o Cigarette lighter, pocket knife. o 2x20L jerry cans. Drinking water and Chip washing water.

o 2 Stacking boxes for samples (plastic or wooden). 110L with wheels (Kmart ~$30 each). One for washed samples to DME in Zillmere and one for unwashed coal samples to be stored at JDs. o Plastic plates for sediment viewing under microscope, snap lock clear bags. o Mesh. 475micron from Seismic Supply, Darra in Brisbane. $50/m o Steel wire (approx <1mm) for sewing mesh to sieves. o Small bottle of HCl acid with dropper. (buy conc. Bottle and dilute to x10).

Stationery o Pens, pencils, waterproof markers, scissors, ruler, stapler, gas seal tape, masking tape, sealing tape, marine strength sealant, computer disks, scientific calculator, notebooks, post its. o Expanding file to store documents in. o Clipboards o Excel sheets printed out showing time, depth, gas readings and lithology. To be placed near gas detector. o Reference material ie. Geological textbooks, extra drill proposals. Topographic maps of area and any nearby drillholes, which will help in correlation. Miscellaneous o Small tool kit including tweezers and shifting spanner. (Leatherman) o Portaloo (If requested or required). o Old towel or rags for drying hands. o Padlock for site hut. o Broom o Credit card for purchases. o Esky and ice block for storage of drinking water and lunch (Optional). Alarm clock for mornings (start drilling at 7am). Additional Equipment for coring As for standard drilling 6m x 3m site hut 12 Kva generator with at least 4 power outlets and 2 phase outlet Full mud gas detection system including air compressor and agitator barrel Digital Camera for photography of core, and tripod Tape for measuring core Core logging sheets 4m Plastic core boxes for photographing core. Pens for marking core Calico Bags Bucket and brush for washing core

Accommodation
Organise accommodation for yourself and any other contractors. Budget on $100/day/person for food and accommodation. Separate rooms for desorption personnel. Organise place for early breakfast (Around 6am), cut lunch and dinner. Attempt to see if they will charge back to the hotel etc.

Access to phone socket in room for internet to send off daily reports Clothes washing facility (optional)

Timing
Leave approx 24 hours after concrete poured for conductor pipe (surface casing). This should be enough time to allow the cement to cure and to setup and test BOP. No chipping is to be conducted until geologist is onsite and mud/gas detection system is installed. Contact drillers daily to estimate when the well will be ready for chipping. Put drillers on hold if they are ready and waiting for you to set up the mud/gas detection system. Call Earth Data a week before drilling starts and call them to tell them when you expect to start coring. They require at least 24hr to get on site. To pick coring point check prediction section. Look out for increase fine-grained sediments, coal and increased gas shows. Make sure for certain you are in the target formation (Walloon Coal Measures) before switching to coring. Earth data to arrive day before coring starts Inform Logging Company everyday before logging is set to take place when nearing the end of the well. Logging will take at least 5-6 hours.

Do not start drilling until pre-drilling checklist has been completed and all sections signed off by 2 Directors and the responsible Geologist/Engineer

PRE DRILL CHECKLIST AND AUTHORITY TO DRILL

Activity

Project Responsible Geol Direct ogist/ or Engi neer

Other Director

Drill Hole Funding Equity

Arrow ________% ________% JV Partners Nominated Responsible Director: Nominated Responsible Project Geologist / Engineer: 1. Technical Issues

Geological

Stratigraphic review completed and reported to Responsible Director Seismic data review completed and reported to Responsible Director Magnetic review completed and reported to Responsible Director Gravity review completed and reported to Responsible Director

Predicted section completed and reported Arrow engineer hole design completed Drill proposal completed and reported to Director for approval Drill proposal sent to JV partners JV partners approval received for Drill proposal Form M sent to DNRM Form M approval received from state mining engineer

Permits

Compensation agreement signed and sighted DNRM notified by ___________________ Freehold land Yes or No OR If No:Culture and heritage approval Native Title clearance sighted by _______ Any other permits required NIL OR Permits from DNRM sighted by _______ 2. Funding Issues

Drill proposal supplied to JV Partners Budget approved by Board AFE issued to JV Partners Driller informed of expected conditions / difficulties by Project Geologist Drill contract approved, signed and tabled Cash call issued to JV Partners Cash received from JV Partners Commence date notified and agreed Geologist notified when funding and start date are confirmed

Contractors notified of confirmed start date

3. Arrow Staffing Roster settled Notification list completed for daily updates

Drillsite Setup
Drilling rig BOP

Water Truck/ compressor

Drill stem trailor

Core Table
Diesel generator

Mud Pit Site Hut with power hook up to rig or to diesel generator.
Rope tied to picket for chip drying

Flow control unit

Gas Detector Flow Line Blooie Line

Flare Pit

Site hut should be within 30m of drill rig for power. Drillers and gas detector should be in full site from inside the hut. This setup should be used as a guide only. The site setup will depend on surrounding vegetation, access etc.

Daily Drilling Procedures Arrival on site

Depending on daylight hours will affect what time you should start drilling. Talk to the drillers about what time they want to start. Try to get at least 10 hours of drilling a day. During summer it might be beneficial to start earlier because the sun is up earlier. Try to be onsite in the morning at the same time as the drillers.

Safety
Leave all gates as you have found them. Daily safety tool box meeting to discuss any concerns (Complete form as attached). Signature of attendance is required. At beginning of drilling conduct Safety and Visitor Induction Course, with the location of fire extinguishers and first aid kit explained and pointed out. Also any emergency procedures that should be taken. Ensure proper personal safety equipment is used. Ie, hard hat, safety glasses, steel caped boots and ear plugs. Check that all non-essential vehicles are parked more than 25m away from rig. No naked flames, ignition sources or smoking within 50m of rig Before arriving on site or within site hut check that gas detector is operating within normal parameters. Check rig and surrounding areas for any residual gas.

Pre Drilling
Hook up 12V/240V inverter to drill rig 12 volt battery when drill rig is started up. Ask driller which battery to use. Do not use a 24V battery. The 12V battery should on the right side of the rig near the exhaust. Red is positive, black is negative. DO NOT PROCEED WITH ELECTRICITY UNTIL YOU HAVE READ ELECTRICITY MSDS. Some operation may require the use of a generator. If this is the case, this is to be used instead of the invertor. Generators require refuelling every 24 hours, or sooner depending on size. Drillers will usually refuel generator every couple of days. DO NOT REFUEL GENERATOR WITHOUT READING DIESEL MSDS If site hut will be used for a couple of months get an electrician to hard wire the site hut to the generator using a 2 phase plug and cable. Do not attempt to wire it yourself. Connect heavy-duty extension leads from inverter/generator to site hut. If two extension leads are used make sure the join is waterproof (wrapped in plastic and is sealed using sealing tape). Caution must be used when running equipment straight from the generator as surges may occur. If coring, setup heat tank and fill with water. Set temp at 40-50C 24hrs before coring begins. Setup field laptop, microscope. Setup outside table with 5x 7 calico sample bags, sieves (1000 micron and 475 micron mesh), waterproof markers and bucket of water for washing samples. Setup gas detector using the connection welded onto blooie line (if air drilling). Use a couple of star pickets to hang detector, tubing and clipboard folder containing spreadsheets to record gas and drilling rates. If drilling on mud, setup detector using mud trap system as explained in this manual. Setup star pickets, ropes and pegs for drying of samples. Attach external phone antennae to top of site hut (magnetic).

Mud Gas Detection System Setup for mud drilling

Requirements: Air Compressor (JD Drilling, with lead replacement fuel. Air compressor requires refuelling every 3-4 hrs. DO NOT REFUEL UNTIL YOU HAVE READ LEAD REPLACEMENT FUEL MSDS. (JD also has and electric air compressor which can be run off the generator) Agitator Regulator Mud drum Plastic tubing (10mm, 8mm, 5mm and 2mm in various lengths) Hose clamps Star picket Water traps (coke bottle traps, fuel filters and water traps) Engine Oil. Hook up hose from air compressor to regulator. Place metal drum below the flow T and the mud chute. Tie agitator to a star picket and place inside metal drum. The outlet should be above the rim of the metal drum. (The star picket should lay across the gap in the mud pit and may have to be raised with wooden blocks to get the height right). Experiment with different ways of securing the agitator. When drilling, the mud should flow into the metal drum where the agitator expels the mud. Attach hose from gas outlet to water traps and finally the gas detector. Gas detector can be setup near the rig with a star picket to hang it from. Make sure hoses are secure and wont detach from the gas detector. Attach tubing from outlet of the air pump to a water trap and the other end to the gas detector. When attaching tubing or combining two different sized hoses use a hose clamp to seal them. Try to minimize leaks in all hose. The agitator should expel a steady stream of water out of the side. Hoses should be kept out of the way of the drillers in case they trip over them. Check regularly to see that water is coming out of the outlet on the agitator. If not then the drum maybe full of sediment and the agitator maybe unable to spin. Lift out the agitator and scoop out the sediment. Make sure the agitator is spinning before placing it back in the drum and that a steady stream of water comes out the side. Check regularly that any hoses have not fallen out Check mud system occasionally by adding some sodium carbide to the mud and the drum and watching for the gas spike.

Every well site will be different so changes to the setup of the mud gas detection system will depend on the conditions.

Hose from air compressor

Agitator Water Exhaust

Hose to gas detector nearby

Mud trap drum

Mud chute from Flow T

Mud/gas trap system for drilling with mud.

During Drilling
Do not proceed with drilling if: You or anyone on site has not read the safety manual and completed Arrow Energys Pre-drilling and visitor induction course. You are on sure about gas detector operation, or have not read instruction manual or had operation demonstration

Chipping
Setup 3 plastic buckets for drillers or field hand to place sediment caught every meter. This allows easy track of depth. Sample every 3 meters, collecting at least 200grams (Or whatever is stated in the drill proposal). Wash samples in sieves to remove excess drilling mud. Replace water if it becomes too dirty and not washing away mud. Use judgement to determine what is drilling mud and what is actually clay coming from the formation. Remember to take into account lag time. Place excess sediment on ground to keep track of depth and lithology. Having the sediment on the ground may help work out where in the section you are. Rows should be around 50m in length containing 50 x 1m samples. When describing chips note grain size, predominant chip sample, colour, sorting, rounding, cement (dilute HCl acid in dropper bottle) and anything else that should be recorded. Even the smallest detail may provide useful when trying to correlate or work out where you are in the section. For HCl get a small glass dropper bottle and pour about a fifth of concentrated HCl into bottle. Concentrated HCl is very corrosive and should be handled with extreme caution. (Read MSDS on HCl and how to handle dangerous chemicals within safety manual). Fill rest of dropper with water. The concentration should be low enough to be able to put on skin and not burn, but still be able to react with any calcite. Coal is usually black or brown and forms conchoidal fractures when it is drilled. It is also important for someone to watch the drilling breaks. Coal is drilled very quickly and can be noticed by the drill bit jumping. The steel cable attached to the Kelly gives the best indication of drilling rate. When you hit coal the cable will unravel quickly. This allows you to estimate how much coal there was and what depth it was at. This is useful to know as there is always some lag time when drilling with mud and the chips may come up later. The engine pitch will also change as the drill bit will speed up when going through coal. Get to know the drill rig engine noises and what correlates to what. This could tell you whats going on without being next to the drillers. The drillers also know what they are drilling through, whether it is coal, sandstone or siltstone. Talk to the drillers regularly and ask for their opinions on what kind of lithology they are drilling through. Once the chips are described and data inputted into excel, samples should be hung out to dry. Once dried, remove bags from drying line and place a small representative sample within the clear, 5 compartment trays to be used in the office. Pack bags into clear, 110L plastic containers that are clearly labelled with Arrow Energy, Hole Name and what type of sample it is (eg washed, unwashed 500g etc).

Air Drilling
Setup sieve to collect chip sample from valve on blooie line. Turn handle to control amount of fluid and chips coming out. Should be a small ball valve on blooie line to put hose to gas detector. Check constantly that air is flowing through and at the right pressure. If there is too much, the pump on the gas detector will stall. Press Y to restart pump. Make sure no mud or water is coming up into the gas detector. Check regularly that the water traps are working and empty them of water.

Mud Drilling
Setup 475 micron sieve and collect sediment out of the drilling mud. The 475micron mesh should be sewn onto existing sieves with 0.5mm wire. If this doesnt work as well try using some stockings tied to an old sieve frame. Cut the stocking in half and use one leg at a time. Tie a knot in the leg, as the stocking will stretch. Place a plastic bucket will holes cut in the side so as to let the mud flow out. Put the bucket beneath the mud chute in the drilling mud. Put the frame on the side of the bucket and make sure the majority of the stocking is sitting in the drilling mud. Dont put the stocking into the full flow of the mud, as this will cause tears. Place on outer edge of chute so that there is a steady stream flowing into it and not the full force. This is only a temporary solution and the stocking may have to be replaced at regular intervals. Experiment with different sieves and sizes to work out the best option. Even try a bucket sitting under the mud chute. The cuttings will hopefully fall to the bottom while the mud overflows. If you are constantly not getting any cuttings returns talk to the driller. They may thicken the mud up a bit. But be wary of formation damage and the type of hole you are drilling (ie production/exploration)

Coring
As for standard drilling Requires diesel generator to run 24hr a day Desorption company needs water to fill their heat tanks and generator (with fuel) on arrival Arrow Geologist to arrive and set-up air compressor and agitator for gas detection system before chipping and coring commences Drill length of core When drilling through coal packages, core to be recovered and coal placed in canister as soon as possible. (i.e. core retrieved before adding drill stem). Only take representative samples of each seam. For example if a 2m seam is intersected, only take the best 1m sample. For important formations, which are likely to have more gas then more samples maybe required to get the best reserve estimates later on. Once core is recovered and brought to surface, measure and record drilled versus retrieved core. Remove coal for desorption, recording depth from and to of coal and brief description. Quickly wash excess drilling mud of the core. Thoroughly clean the remaining core. Box core for logging and photography marking where coal is missing with a wooden block showing depth and thickness of sample taken. Thoroughly log the core inserting sampled coals. Record all coal thicknesses on the log.

Photograph core, with scale and mark box with, depth from, depth to, and well name. Usually four photographs per box. Write down in folder the depth range of each box and the photo range (4 photos). At night download the photos and rename the photos. Use this convention: Abbreviated well name, Depth At and order of photos. For example KN-1 234.67b (Kogan North-1, second photo of box 234.67m) Remove samples of coal noting depth and thickness taken. Record on daily drilling reports and downhole. Place filled core trays onto a shipping pallet. The pallet should be positioned out of the way of the drillers. The core trays usually come with a pallet or the drillers may have one which they brought their cement and mud additives on. Once the trays are stacked, write with permanent mark on the outside of the trays the Depth From and Depth To of the tray. Take note of coal for cleats and fractures etc. This could indicate permeability. Tests the coals yourself by trying to break it up in your hand. Drillers can also tell if the coal is tight by the water pressure when drilling through the coals. If the coal is permeable you will lose water pressure and will drill quickly through it. Watch the penetration rate out on the drilling platform as wells as the water pressure. This could give you an idea on what you are drilling through. Fine-grained sediments usually take longer to core. Water pressure is usually high. Remove 20-30cm representative sample of the Tangalooma and Eurombah sandstones, and any other clean looking sand units (~4 sand samples per well), label and place in bags for possible porosity and permeability testing. Take special note of possible completion zones and take extra sandstone samples that may pose problems when completing later on. Enter data into computer and digitise the core log into excel. Take specific notes on how thick each coal is as well as how much is taken for desorption. Repeat above for each core barrel. Constantly check gas detector battery throughout day. It should last all day but you never know. If gas detector battery goes flat then hook inverter up to rig battery and run extension lead to the gas detector. Make sure to turn on the datalog again. It is important to be aware of daily finishing depths, as it is better to finish an hour or so early then leaving coal seams open to release gas overnight. If coal is intersected in the bottom of the last run then another run will have to be completed until you are out of the coal. At the end of each day circulate for 20mins to get the rest of the gas readings (lag time). This time will vary depending of depth. Talk to drillers as they will have an approximate idea of lag time. Daily Drilling Report every night should include summary of: Days Operations Number, size, and depth of coal desorption samples Number of core barrels, meters drilled and recovered Net coal for day and Total coal for the well. Brief interpretations of where you think you are in the section. Keep a running total for the well for each interval on the Daily Drilling Report. Insert a digital log of the core with gas readings at the end of the report. Talk to desorption contractors about rates of desorption as this is an early indication of whether the seams contain a lot of gas and also if they are permeable. Keep in touch with the logging company, a week before and in the days leading up to the end of the well so they are on site to log as soon as the hole is finished.

Pack-up site while the well is being logged. Watch the logger while the hole is being logged to make sure that the results are what they should be. Get a copy digital and paper copy of the logs from the logger before they leave to return to the office.

Evening
Make sure everything is packed up and locked into the site hut. Leave lights on for Earth Data night shift. The inverter can stay in the battery housing. Take jerry can back to hotel to fill with water for washing chips. Take all rubbish with you when you go. If using petrol air compressor then refill jerry car with correct fuel every second day. Daily report should be written continuously during the day so in the evening there is little to do. Download data from gas detector. Readings should be every 15 secs. Use the daily log sheet and determine the average gas reading per metre drilled. Noting that the gas detector measures in time not depth so you have to convert. Also estimate lag time and take into account this when determining gas readings per metre. Input all data into downhole and create pdf of updated well summary. Put V.90 PCMCIA fax modem into slot and attach cord from modem to telephone socket. Making sure that the dialling properties are correct ie. Dial zero to get outside line. Open up Microsoft Outlook express. It should be already be setup for email use. Compose message to all board members, any joint venture partners, Andy Kozak (DNRM) or any other email address that is given to you. Download data from the gas detector onto the laptop and into excel. Save a copy of the data file and the excel file. Save excel files and downhole explorer files. Refill water bottles. Recharge gas detector, batteries and mobile phones.

Hole Completion
Once you have reached TD call the office or the person in charge to confirm depth. Once coring is complete, Earth Data personnel can pack up and leave. Geophysicallly log hole. Pack up the mud/gas detection system. Place agitator in bucket of water to clean off any mud. Pack up all equipment and store in the site hut. Fold up any table and chairs. Sweep out site hut. Bring all necessary samples back to Brisbane. TAKE ALL RUBBISH WITH YOU WHEN YOU LEAVE If site hut is not required then pack up the entire site hut. Contact the hire company to organise pick up of the hut. If hole is being completed as a producer then Arrow engineer may take over supervision of the well. If coring place an empty plastic core tray up side down over the core and tape it down with silver tape.

Well Testing Gas Flow Testing

DO NOT PROCEED WITH FLOW TEST WITHOUT READING FREE/SAMPLED METHANE MSDS The timing of flow tests will vary depending on location and drilling method Once you have penetrated coals and gas readings are high tell drillers to stop and do a flow test. Attach flow prover with pressure gauge to end of flow line noting the size of the choke used. The valve connecting the flow line to the flow prover should be closed. Take out gas detector, notebook, pen, stopwatch, gas bag and rubber hose, scissors. The drillers will setup up everything making sure that the valves on the flow control unit (which is attached to flow line) are closed. The air compressor will be turned off. The drillers will check that the BOP is operational and that there are no leaks. They will acknowledge to you that everything is fine to proceed and they will open the valves on the flow control unit. Open the valve that connects the flow line to the flow prover. Gas should start to come out of the end. Use the gas detector to make sure there is methane coming out. Start stopwatch and note pressure gauge. Check using the gas detector that gas coming out is methane. Another gas other than methane can be recognised by methane levels staying the same and oxygen dropping in concentration. Take pressure readings every minute until pressure stabilises. Note final pressure. After flow test is completed collect gas sample in silver gas bag. Cut off rubber tubing and place end near flow to collect gas. DO NOT FILL GAS BAG UP COMPLETELY. Allow room for heat expansion. Fold up rubber tube and wrap sealing tape around end. Write on bag Arrow Energy, hole name, depth sampled, date sampled and any other relevant information. Do not leave in direct sunlight. When flow test is complete tell the drillers and they will shut off the valves on the flow control unit. Leave flow prover open to allow gas to escape from the flow line.

To convert from mud drilling to air drilling to do gas flow test (not recommended) If any aquifer is open ie. Springbok Sandstone then test will be useless due to the amount of water entering the hole. Cannot be done on a core hole. Withdraw rods. Remove bit. (If hole collapses then bit and rods will be stuck in hole and impossible to retrieve.) Move Flow T in line with blooie line. Connect blooie line Run down rods Attach rotating head Flush hole of mud. May have to be done in stages. Test BOP. Pressurise hole. 30-60 min for flow test. High water flow may also kill gas flow. Disconnect blooie line. Remove rotating head. Withdraw rods and put bit on. Puts rods back down hole. Adjust flow T. Circulate mud. Recommence drilling.

May take up to at least to a day to complete. Drillers strongly recommend not doing it. Coal may also contain large amounts of water and will kill gas flow thus wasting an entire day drilling and upwards of $2500. Warning: Exposing hole to large water flow again will cause instability

Estimating Gas Flow rate in field

All flow rates calculated using standard choke nipple gas flow equation (gravity and temperature are unknown):

C x (P + 15)

18
Q = Flow rate in MCF per day at a pressure of 14.4 psi and a temperature base of 60 F C = Coefficient (see table below) P = Pressure in psi 1 psi = 6.89 kpa CHOKE TABLE Choke Size (Inches) 1/8 3/16 5/16 3/8 Coefficient 6.25 14.44 26.51 43.64 61.21 Choke Size (Inches) 7/16 5/8 3/4 Coefficient 85.13 112.72 179.74 260.99

Note: The above formula is used to approximate gas flow for field estimates only.

Water Sampling and Testing

If a significant water flow is encountered or when flow testing, take a water sample. 1L of water is required for testing by ALS to determine water quality. Take two 500ml water bottles and collect water coming out of blooie line or from the choke manifold. Fill an extra bottle to conduct field tests on it. Caution is required due to the possibility of large rock fragment coming out of blooie line. Conduct flow rate test. Place 10L bucket in front of flow and time how long it takes to fill it (a stopwatch maybe required for high flow rates). Conduct test approximately 10 times or more to allow an accurate evaluation of the flow rate. If flow rate is to high and flow rate cannot be determined accurately using the bucket method then driller maybe able to construct a v-notch weir board test. Determine flow rate in L/s and convert to barrels/day. Take sample. Label bottle with Hole name, depth sampled, date sampled and flow rate. Test water with pH meter and conductivity meter making sure both instruments have been calibrated. Wash instruments in fresh water before conducting tests. 1.25L plastic water bottles from the shops are also adequate, as long as they are rinsed out.

Estimating Water Flow Rates using V-notch weir

A v-notch weir board should be set up when flow rates become to inaccurate when using the 10L bucket method (>3L/s). Flow rates can be determined by measuring the height above the apex of the 90 v-notch at which the water is flowing over. Then by using that height, work out the flow rate from the table below. Before taking a measurement, make sure that everything has reached equilibrium and that the flow over the v-notch is constant. The discharge over the weir can also be determined by the following equation:

Q = (8/15*Cd*2g*tan( /2))*H(5/2)
Q: G: : H: Cd: Flow rate (ft3/sec) Acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s2) Vertex angle of the weir (90) Head over weir crust (ft) Discharge Coefficient

This discharge coefficient Cd is used to account for the viscous and surface tension of the flow. It is a function of the vertex angle, Reynolds # and Weber #. Typical values of Cd for triangle weirs are in a range of 0.58 to 0.62.

90 H

The following table shows the conversion from height above apex in a V-notch weir to various flow rates.

Head Above Apex (mm) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0.016 0.082 0.217 0.45 0.783 1.233 1.8 2.216 3.367 4.383 5.583 6.933

L/sec

m3/day 1.44 7.2 18.72 38.88 67.68 106.6 155.5 217.4 290.9 378.7 482.4 599 13 66 172 356 620 977 1426 1993 2666 3472 4422 5491

Gal/h

Barrels/day 8.7 44.5 117.8 244 425 652 977 1203 1828 2380 3031 3765

Flare Lighting
Ensure you are wearing appropriate safety equipment If a significant gas flow rate is encountered then lighting of the gas maybe required for pictures. Do not proceed unless driller has approved. Remove flow prover and flow line attachment from flow line. Leave gas detector close to end of flow line to ensure that the entire area is not filled with methane. Ensure gas detector is not reading high amounts of methane before lighting torch. Also ensure gas detector is far enough from the end of the Flare line so as not to catch on fire if wind blows flare in its direction. Tie a calico sample bag to end of long stick. Soak sample bag in diesel (supplied by driller). Light bag using a lighter at least 20 meters from drill rig and flow line. Once bag is alight driller will open valves on flow control unit to allow gas to flow. Using safety gloves approach flow with lit bag making sure all onlookers are at least 20m from end on flow line. Light flow and retreat. Extinguish any flame still burning from the lit bag by using either water or dirt. Take necessary photos. Once completed the drillers will turn off the valves extinguishing the flame.

Geophysical Logging
When well spuds call Australian Logging Services and advise them that drilling is taking place and every few days contact them and advise them of progress. Get contact number of the person who will be doing the logging. Advise them of the tools you will need. Gamma, density, caliper, sonic, SP/PR and resistivity. PR and resistivity are similar. SP isnt as useful through the Walloons but does give an excellent response going through the Hutton Sandstone. Mae sure density is in g/cc. Contact them again a few days and 24 hours before TD is expected to be reached. Send the logger a mud map and directions of how to get to the site. Ask the logger to call when they are about 90mins away so that it will give the drillers time to circulate the hole and pull drill rods out. The logger should ideally arrive first thing in the morning. It is better and more cost effective if the logger is waiting around on site rather than the geologists and drillers waiting for the logger. Therefore as soon as the drillers are finished the logger can begin. Take special notice of clays that have the potential to swell and block off the hole. Talk to the drillers about possible problems with the hole condition. If the hole is blocked, then run in the rods to the bottom and log gamma and density through the rods. The signal will be slightly attenuated but results should be ok (you can lower the scale range on Downhole to show up the logs). Another possibility is running the rods just past the blockage and attempting to log the hole again. Use the strat logs you have done up during the well to compare what the logger gets. Make sure the logs show coal where you have intersected coal. Make sure logs are depth corrected. Once the hole is completed choose a scale you want the logs at. (Readings every 10cm usually works well)

Ask the logger to put the LAS files onto disk while he is logging. You can be putting the logs into downhole while he is doing the next logging run. Print out a set of complete lithology logs from the excel spreadsheet or use the field logs to compare with what the logger is recording. They should come up on the screen inside the loggers truck. Compare your lithology logs with the geophysical logs making sure any anomalies are sorted out or can be explained. Make sure that where you have intersected coal matches with the downhole logs. Make sure the drillers stay around until the logger reaches the bottom of the hole. Just in case the tool gets stuck on the side of the hole or there has been a significant collapse within the hole. In these cases the hole has to be reamed out, flushed and circulated again. Request all digital copies of the files to be in LAS format. The data can then be easily imported into excel and manipulated into the spreadsheets. Request a printout copy of the logs in the field.

Geophysical Log Characteristics: Coal: Sandstone: Silt/Clay: Low gamma, low density, slow (120-140 microsecs/ft), resistive Generally low gamma, low density, fast (60-100 ms/ft) High gamma (clays), generally high density, fast

Be wary of large washouts that could give false interpretations. A washout could show up as a low gamma, density and slow, which could be interpreted as coal. Check lithology logs if coal was recorded if you are unsure. Washouts preferentially occur with weaker rocks ie. Coal

Coal Desorption
After coal is selected and canned it is purged with Argon gas (inert). Placed into water baths at average reservoir temperature. Readings are taken every couple of minutes initially and then decrease over time. Methane desorbs at a relatively constant rate. CO2 desorbs really quickly and then nothing, so the curve flattens out very quickly (coals cannot hold the gas). The desorption geologist will know if it is methane desorbing or another gas. CO2 is only a problem in coals when you have intrusions nearby. The rate of desorption (sorption time) will also give an indication of how permeable the coals are. When collecting gas samples from desorption canisters wait until at least 5L of gas has been produced. This is done to allow the gas to purge most of the argon out of the canister. If you take a sample too soon there is going to be high argon content, which will affect the results. Usually the longer you leave it until you take a sample, the better the sample will be. Results may come back with a high nitrogen to oxygen ratio (we still not to sure why) Request desorption curves out in the field (to be sent every couple of days). Updates should be sent to head office every 1-2weeks after you have returned from the field.

Methane Adsorption Isotherms

of each coal sample after desorption is sent to Peter Crosdale at JCU. Turn around could be up to 8 weeks. Approx $1500 per interval Send email telling Peter Crosdale what the intervals are. Ie Kogan, Macalister etc. Basically he gathers all the coal from that interval and crushes it until it is a certain size. Then takes a sample of this and tests it. So he doesnt only test one specific coal from the interval. Find below how to interpret methane adsorption isotherms. You also require gas contents from the desorption report. Use isotherms to determine the saturation of the seams, critical desorption pressure and abandonment pressure. (See below for definitions)

Post Drilling
Upon Returning from the field samples are to be taken to the following locations

Gas Samples
Simtars 2 Smith st Redbank Qld Ph. (07) 3810 6360 (direct) Fax (07) 3810 6388 Desorption contractors may have steel cylinders with gas samples.

Water Samples
Australian Laboratory Services (ALS) 32 Shand st Stafford Qld Ph. 3243 7222

2x500ml sampling bottles

(Quote No EN/106/03. Ask for extended storage)

Cutting/Sediment Samples
Exploration Data Centre (Core Library) Pineapple St Zillmere Qld Ph (07) 3263 6833

110L plastic containers

Sandstone Porosity/Permeability
Amdel 35 Stirling st Thebarton SA 5031 Ph (08) 8416 5200

20-30cm Sandstone core

Note that all water and gas samples should be clearly marked with identifying features such as hole name, depth, date sampled. Plastic containers should be marked with Arrow Energy and Hole Name on top of the lid and on the sides. AT ALL SITES YOU MUST RECEIVE SOME SORT OF DOCUMETATION SAYING THAT THEY HAVE RECEIVED THE SAMPLES.

Return any samples or equipment to the storage shed. Complete Form N and fax to Andy Kozak Make sure all paperwork is filed in the correct folder. Transfer all data from laptop to computer hard drive. Make sure downhole explorer file is complete with geophysics and that it works

Technical Information Gas Detector Operation

BEFORE USING GAS DETERTECTOR READ THE MANUACTORS INTRUCTION MANUAL AND OPERATION DEMONSTRATION To turn ON press ON/MODE Button To turn OFF press ON/MODE Button and hold while detector counts down

L Flashing means datalog running

Screen display 3
L

20.9

Other values for toxic gases are in ppm Oxygen reading

Amount of CH4 (LEL see conversion table)

If PUMP flashes, line is blocked, once unblocked press Y/+ L will not be displayed if gas detector is in switch over (for CH4 only) mode To display different functions press ON/MODE button Instantaneous reading Sensor Name Min (Lowest Value measured so far) Peak (Highest Value so far) STEL (last 15 min average) TWA (accumulated reading/8hrs since monitor turned on) AVG (running average) Battery Voltage (pump cuts out at 4.2 volts ~10hrs on fully charged battery) Readout displays warning when 20-30mins power left Run time clock and Temperature Start/Stop Dlog? (start and stop data log) LEL Gas Name ( i.e. Methane) Pump Speed H/L (to remain on high) Comm with PC? (only to be used when not measuring gas) Gas detector should normally be in switch over (for CH4 only) mode to allow readings to be taken in %LEL until 100LEL before it automatically switches to %vol. When downloading data it does not tell you when it switches to VOL%. Take note of numbers around the 90 LEL and when it drops to 5 assume it is VOL %. Pump should normally be in PROGRAMING MODE to allow any changes to the setup to be made quickly and with little effort. A spreadsheet should be kept near the gas detector to record the gas reading and the time at each meter mark. This allows time to depth conversions and drilling rate to be monitored, as well as a back up if something happens to the gas detector. The spreadsheet should be labelled with the hole name and have date, time, depth, %LEL, %Vol and comments columns.

Check list for gas detector on night before drilling Download and save to computer the datalog from days use. Export each event individually as a text file to be imported into excel. Delete downloaded datalog from gas detector Using computer check configuration making sure Alarm values okay Location set User ID set Security Level = 2 User Mode = Display Pump speed = high Datalog interval set (15sec) All gases selected Manual start/stop datalog Send configuration to gas detector Check date and Time are accurate using Gas Detector Turn-off gas detector and plug in for charging overnight. Make sure back-up batteries are also charged. Should be done before drilling and once a well. Import datalog values into excel and copy in depth values from days recording sheet. Average readings for each metre (Dont forget to account for lag time) and insert them into the well file for downhole explorer. Save the averaged values as an individual excel spreadsheet as an extra back-up.

Check list for gas detector on day of use Check date and Time are accurate Pump challenge gas through line (detector should read 25LEL ) or whatever the percentage on the challenge gas says. Within 2 or 3 LELs error is acceptable. Can be done once every couple of days. DO NOT PROCEED UNTIL YOU HAVE READ THE COMPRESSED METHANE MSDS Reseal Line Start Datalog when ready NOTE: Every time the line-seal is broken or when drillers are not actually drilling, to ensure accurate averages for each metre record when the drillers stopped and started again. Check detector and line regularly during the day to ensure no problems occur. Ask the driller if he can keep an eye on it and let you know if any problems occur. Though, do not rely entirely on him to check it all the time. Record on excel spreadsheet the time and gas reading for each metre to allow depth conversions and back-up of data. These spreadsheets should be within a clipboard folder and placed near the gas detector. After every few meters the data should be entered into a spreadsheet in excel.

Importing Data into Downhole Explorer

Downhole works by importing data from spreadsheets or databases. You cannot directly input data into downhole. You have to setup the spreadsheet and tell downhole what to import. Setup Excel spreadsheet as previous holes. Downhole needs a collar file (Hole name, lat, long, easting, northing, Total Depth, date spudded etc. Each different type of data collected (Lithology, drilling rate, Gas flows, sonic, density etc) will require headings in the worksheet. The spreadsheet should contain a worksheet for each of the data sets collected (Remember to change the name of the worsheets from Sheet 1, Sheet 2 etc to the correct name). The headings should include hole name, depth from, depth to or depth at and the data you are presenting. Whatever goes in the data column will be shown in downhole ie. Sonic maybe shown as Sonic (microseconds/ft). etc Once this is setup open downhole and click new. It will ask for collar file and press import. Select ODBC (pre release). Click new and it will then ask for the type of data eg. .xls spreadsheet or database etc. Select the spreadsheet extension and click next. Make up a name which I suggest using the hole name. Click finish and it will then ask for the location of the excel spreadsheet and what version ie. Excel 97, 2000 and then press select workbook. Select the location and press ok and then ok again. It should come up with a list of worksheets within the spreadsheet and select the collar worksheet. It will then ask for the data fields you want to import. Select them and press ok. It will then ask for you to assign fields to the data. Downhole already has some (Assigned Fields) for example hole name, easting, northing. So where you have your table fields match them up with the assigned fields. Press ok and the data will import. Downhole will then ask for a series of other tables to import eg, surveys (dont need to worry since all holes will be vertical). The only type of tables to import will be lithology, interval and depth log table. When you are importing interval and depth tables use Grade115 when assigning fields. Interval table should be used for data such as drilling rate, gas readings and geophysical logs as they contain a Depth From and Depth To component. A Depth log table should be used when measuring at specific depths such as water flow rates and gas flow rates and has the Depth At component. Once these are imported downhole will create a report telling you if there are any inconsistencies with the data. If any occur check out the original data in the excel spreadsheet. Once the data is imported it can be manipulated using different visual styles. The buttons in the bottom left corner can access the individual tables. A stratigraphic log showing a grouping of the tables can also be accessed using these buttons. To change the format of the logs go to format, format columns. In this window anything can be changed (See previous logs). For example to header, footer, column orientation, length of hole to be shown, colours etc. My best advice is to play around with it to get an idea of how to manipulate the logs. Downhole is set up so that when you add data to the excel file it will change the data automatically. This is done by pressing data and then refresh. It will ask which table to refresh. If there are any queries consult the help file or any major difficulties contact David Tullberg from Datamine on 08 9479 1771

Once the column titles in Excel have been imported they cannot be changed. They can be changed but you will have to import the table again. Remember that problems can occur and stuff up the table. It maybe easier to delete the sheet and re-import the data again. When importing geophysical logs, the original file should be in LAS format. Open up excel and click new and then the las file. It should open automatically. This file will show a depth at column and the value. Copy the data into the excel spreadsheet you developed for the hole. Manipulate the data so that it can imported as a interval log table in Downhole ie. Depth from and Depth To column.

Mud drum design

This design has been proposed for a mud drum, which will allow the release of gas from the mud and may also help recover a lot more sample. .

How to Determine Lag time

This procedure will require the use of calcium carbide. CALCIUM CARBIDE REACTS WITH WATER TO FORM LARGE AMOUNTS OF METHANE. DO NOT GET WET. DO NOT PROCEED WITH TEST UNTIL YOU HAVE READ CALCIUM CARBIDE MSDS. Place about of a plastic cup of carbide in absorbent paper and wrap it up with a rubber band or sticky tape. Making sure that the size will fit down the inside of the rod. Just as the driller is about to put the Kelly back on for a new rod put the wrapped up carbide inside the Kelly just before he screws it back on. The driller should start drilling. Begin timing. Record the total time it takes to register a gas spike. Should be done 2-3 times per well, preferably in non-coal bearing strata (Tangalooma Sandstone)

Use these formulas to determine lag time. Total Time = Down time + Up time Barrels/ft = (Inside diameter of rod in inches)2 / 1024 No. of barrels inside rods = (Barrels/ft) x (Total depth in feet) No. of strokes to pump mud to bottom = (No. of barrels inside rods) / (barrels/stroke) Time to bottom = No. of strokes / strokes per minute Lag Time = Total time time to bottom Ask drillers what the RPM is when you do the test and conversion use the below conversions. 1 stroke = 3.17 US Gall 297 RPM = 200 US Gall/min 1 Barrel = 42 US Gall/ 35 Imp Gall/ 183.9 L Place carbide pill in the upper rod before the drillers connect. Lag time can also be estimated by the time it takes from when the drillers intersect coal to the time a gas spike is recorded.

Max RPM 417 = 317 Gall/min

How to construct a water trap using a 600ml plastic bottle

600ml plastic softdrink bottle or water sampling bottle 10cm pieces of 3mm and 4mm plastic tubing. Clear 75g Selleys Silicone marine sealant. Skewer or knife with sharp end. Cigarette lighter. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Turn bottle upside down so that the lid is at the bottom. Make 1 small hole (approx 2-3mm) in the harder plastic at the top. With the lighter heat up the area briefly being careful not to melt it to much. Once the area has been softened try to push one piece of the tubing through the hole. Step 3 and 4 may have to be done a few times to push the tubing through. Make sure there is a tight fit between the tubing and the bottle. 6. Do not melt the bottle too much as the hole may become too big and wont seal properly. 7. Once a relatively tight fit is achieved spread the sealant around the join between the tubing and the bottle making sure that join is completely sealed. 8. Allow to set for 10-15min. 9. Repeat for other side of bottle. Note it takes 24hrs for the sealent to cure properly. 10. Test seals using the gas detector by hooking up the water filter and blocking one end. The detector should display pump if sealed. Or alternatively block off one end and blow into the other. If you hear any air escaping then it is not sealed properly. See diagram.

Sealant

To gas detector. 3mm tubing

Gas continues Water drops down

From blooie line (Water and Gas) 3mm tubing

Diagram of simple water trap design.

Laptop Setup (Should be completed and tested prior to going in field)

Internet Setup Modem is a standard PCMCIA 56000bps V.90 Fax modem card. LG/Kyocera CDMA phone is a standard 14400bps modem. Telstra is the ISP User Name: arrowenergy To connect to internet The server number is User Name: Password: 0198 308 308 arrowenergy 38394766 133 933

If staying in a hotel make sure the dialling properties are changed if you have to dial 0 to get an outside line.

Microsoft Outlook Setup

Obtain: email address you wish to use ([email protected]) Login Name arrowenergy Password 38394766 mail.bigpond.com mail.bigpond.com

Incoming (POP3) Outgoing SMTP

Start Microsoft Outlook and select Tools and new account. Add new account to Mail. The wizard should start. It will ask for the above information. Once this is completed you should be able to send and receive emails. Make sure that the account you have set up is set as the default.

How to send an email from the field using the LG CDMA phone
1. Connect data cable to phone and the data cable to the serial port. 2. Make sure that the computer and dialling properties is setup for a standard 14400 bps modem. 3. On the phone press Menu then scroll down to advanced. 4. Press select and then Data/Fax in. 5. Press next to show Data In and then select. The phone should say Modem In. (Or press Menu, 7, 1 and then select). 6. Open up Microsoft Outlook Express and create new message. 7. Press send. It will come up with the dial in connection window. Make sure that it is set for the 14400 bps modem and that all the dialling properties are correct. 8. Press Connect and phone should dial up connection and send message. 9. This is only a small modem and should only be used for sending small email. Large files such as photos etc may prove difficult to send and the phone will cut out. If possible large files should be sent at night using the 56K PCMCIA modem.

How to send an email from the field using the Kyocera CDMA phone
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Connect phone to computer using 9 pin serial port. Press Menu and cycle right until settings. Press OK Go down to Network and press OK Press OK on Data/Fax Calls In Select Data, next call. Press OK Press the back button until back to start. Phone should read DATA ONLY on screen.

Open up Microsoft Outlook Express and create new message. Press send. It will come up with the dial in connection window. Make sure that it is set for the 14400 bps modem and that all the dialing properties are correct. Press Connect and phone should dial up connection and send message. This is only a small modem and should only be used for sending small emails. Large files such as photos etc may prove difficult to send and the phone will cut out. If possible large files should be sent at night using the 56K PCMCIA modem

Contact Details
Ron Prefontaine Nick Mather Michael Oberhardt Adam Scott Brad Pinder Kent Anson Arrow 1 Arrow 2 Arrow 3 Adam Scott Peter Bubendorfer Bob Day Arrow Energy Office Paul Marshall Andy Kozak Andrew Dodman Andy Lydyard [email protected] [email protected] DNRM Anzoil Strike Oil [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 0439 033 351 0417 880 448 0439 039 892 0409 898 044 0408 655 710 0411 044 015 0429 490 013 0427 163 054 0428 766 849 0409 898 044 0407 633 481 0412 529 166 3839 4766 3832 6488 3237 1491 0419 828 190 (08) 9225 4446

JD Drilling Earth Data Pty Ltd Amdel Peter Crossdale Seismic Supply Adsorption Isotherms Re: John Elder or Bob Fox Bill Smith Ron Wilson Michael Wade

46 627 257 (02) 4932 3077 (08) 8416 5200 47 815 195 3375 3300 3376 5188 3268 4700 46 384 444 46 625 622

Australian Logging Services

Airmet (Vrae Gas Detector Suppliers) Wreckair (13 18 10)

Graham (167 Herries st)

Master Hire (Dalby)

Miscellaneous Conversion Tables

Units 250 247.5 245 242.5 240 237.5 235 232.5 230 227.5 225 222.5 220 217.5 215 212.5 210 207.5 205 202.5 200 197.5 195 192.5 190 187.5 185 182.5 180 177.5 175 172.5 170 167.5 165 162.5 160 157.5 155 152.5 150 147.5 145 142.5 140 137.5 135

PPM 50000 49500 49000 48500 48000 47500 47000 46500 46000 45500 45000 44500 44000 43500 43000 42500 42000 41500 41000 40500 40000 39500 39000 38500 38000 37500 37000 36500 36000 35500 35000 34500 34000 33500 33000 32500 32000 31500 31000 30500 30000 29500 29000 28500 28000 27500 27000

%VOL 5.00 4.95 4.90 4.85 4.80 4.75 4.70 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.50 4.45 4.40 4.35 4.30 4.25 4.20 4.15 4.10 4.05 4.00 3.95 3.90 3.85 3.80 3.75 3.70 3.65 3.60 3.55 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.95 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.70

LEL 100.00 99.00 98.00 97.00 96.00 95.00 94.00 93.00 92.00 91.00 90.00 89.00 88.00 87.00 86.00 85.00 84.00 83.00 82.00 81.00 80.00 79.00 78.00 77.00 76.00 75.00 74.00 73.00 72.00 71.00 70.00 69.00 68.00 67.00 66.00 65.00 64.00 63.00 62.00 61.00 60.00 59.00 58.00 57.00 56.00 55.00 54.00

Units 125 122.5 120 117.5 115 112.5 110 107.5 105 102.5 100 97.5 95 92.5 90 87.5 85 82.5 80 77.5 75 72.5 70 67.5 65 62.5 60 57.5 55 52.5 50 47.5 45 42.5 40 37.5 35 32.5 30 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 15 12.5 10

PPM 25000 24500 24000 23500 23000 22500 22000 21500 21000 20500 20000 19500 19000 18500 18000 17500 17000 16500 16000 15500 15000 14500 14000 13500 13000 12500 12000 11500 11000 10500 10000 9500 9000 8500 8000 7500 7000 6500 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000

%VOL 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20

LEL 50.00 49.00 48.00 47.00 46.00 45.00 44.00 43.00 42.00 41.00 40.00 39.00 38.00 37.00 36.00 35.00 34.00 33.00 32.00 31.00 30.00 29.00 28.00 27.00 26.00 25.00 24.00 23.00 22.00 21.00 20.00 19.00 18.00 17.00 16.00 15.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00

Water Flow Table

L/s 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Barrels of water/day 136 271 407 543 815 1086 1358 1630 1901

Metric and Imperial conversions

1 inch = 2.54cm, 0.0833 ft, 0.02778 yards. 1 ft = 0.3048m, 12 inches. 1 mile = 1609m, 5280 ft. 1 US gallon = 3.785 L, 0.0238 bbl pet. 1 kg = 2.205 lb Temperature in F = (T in C x 9/5) + 32