[For 1- ESTRELLADO: Code of Professional Responsibility] | Legal Ethics

CODE OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

CHAPTER 1: The Lawyer and Society
CANON 1: A lawyer shall uphold the constitution, obey the laws of the land and promote respect for law and for
legal processes.
RULE 1.01 A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful,
dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct.

RULE 1.02 A lawyer shall not counsel or abet

activities aimed at defiance of the law or at
lessening confidence in the legal system.

RULE 1.03 A lawyer shall not, for any corrupt

motive or interest, encourage any suit or
proceeding or delay any man's cause.

RULE 1.04 A lawyer shall encourage his clients to

avoid, end or settle the controversy if it will admit
of a fair settlement.
CANON 2: A lawyer shall make his legal services available in an efficient and convenient manner compatible with
the independence, integrity and effectiveness of the profession.
RULE 2.01 A lawyer shall not reject, except for
valid reasons, the cause of the defenseless or the
oppressed.

RULE 2.02 In such cases, even if the lawyer does

not accept a case, he shall not refuse to render
legal advice to the person concerned if only to the
extent necessary to safeguard the latter's rights.

RULE 2.03 A lawyer shall not do or permit to be

done any act designed primarily to solicit legal
business.

RULE 2.04 A lawyer shall not charge rates lower

than those customarily prescribed unless the
circumstances so warrant.
CANON 3: A lawyer in making known his legal services shall use only true, honest, fair, dignified and objective
information or statements of facts.
RULE 3.01 A lawyer shall not use or permit the
use of any false, fraudulent, misleading,
deceptive, undignified, self-laudatory or unfair
statement or claim regarding his qualifications or
legal services.

RULE 3.02 In the choice of a firm name, no false,

misleading or assumed name shall be used. The

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continued use of the name of a deceased partner

is permissible provided that the firm indicates in
all its communications that said partner is
deceased.

RULE 3.03 Where a partner accepts public office,

he shall withdraw from the firm and his name
shall be dropped from the firm name unless the
law allows him to practice law concurrently.

RULE 3.04 A lawyer shall not pay or give anything

of value to representatives of the mass media in
anticipation of, or in return for, publicity to
attract legal business.
CANON 4: A lawyer shall participate in the development of the legal system by initiating or supporting efforts in
law reform and in the improvement of the administration of justice.
CANON 5: A lawyer shall keep abreast of legal developments, participate in continuing legal education programs,
support efforts to achieve high standards in law schools as well as in the practical training of law students and
assist in disseminating information regarding the law and jurisprudence.
CANON 6: These canons shall apply to lawyers in government service in the discharge of their official tasks.
RULE 6.01 The primary duty of a lawyer engaged
in public prosecution is not to convict but to see
that justice is done. The suppression of facts or
the concealment of witnesses capable of
establishing the innocence of the accused is
highly reprehensible and is cause for disciplinary
action.

RULE 6.02 A lawyer in the government service

shall not use his public position to promote or
advance his private interests nor allow the latter
to interfere with his public duties.

RULE 6.03 A lawyer shall not, after leaving a

government service, accept engagement or
employment in connection with any matter in
which he had intervened while in said service.
CHAPTER 2: The Lawyer and the Legal Profession
CANON 7: A lawyer shall at all times uphold the integrity and dignity of the legal profession, and support the
activities of the integrated bar.
RULE 7.01 A lawyer shall be answerable for
knowingly making a false statement or
suppressing a material fact, in connection with his
application for admission to the bar.

RULE 7.02 A lawyer shall not support the

application for admission to the bar of any person

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known by him to be unqualified in respect to

character, education, or other relevant attribute.

RULE 7.03 A lawyer shall not engage in conduct

that adversely reflects on his fitness to practice
law, nor shall he, whether in public or private life,
behave in a scandalous manner to the discredit of
the legal profession.
CANON 8: A lawyer shall conduct himself with courtesy, fairness and candor toward his professional colleagues,
and shall avoid harassing tactics against opposing counsel.
RULE 8.01 A lawyer shall not, in his professional
dealings, use language which is abusive, offensive
or otherwise improper.

RULE 8.02 A lawyer shall not, directly or

indirectly, encroach upon the professional
employment of another lawyer; however, it is the
right of any lawyer, without fear or favor, to give
proper advice and assistance to those seeking
relief against unfaithful or neglectful counsel.
CANON 9: A lawyer shall not, directly or indirectly, assist in the unauthorized practice of law.
RULE 9.01 A lawyer shall not delegate to any
unqualified person the performance of any task
which by law may only be performed by a
member of the Bar in good standing.

RULE 9.02 A lawyer shall not divide or stipulate to

divide a fee for legal services with persons not
licensed to practice law, except:
a) Where there is a pre-existing agreement with a
partner or associate that, upon the latter's death,
money shall be paid over a reasonable period of
time to his estate or to persons specified in the
agreement; or
b) Where a lawyer undertakes to complete
unfinished legal business of a deceased lawyer; or
c) Where a lawyer or law firm includes non-
lawyer employees in a retirement plan, even if
the plan is based in whole or in part, on a profit-
sharing arrangement.
CHAPTER 3: The Lawyer and the Courts
CANON 10: A lawyer owes candor, fairness and good faith to the court.
RULE 10.01 A lawyer shall not do any falsehood,
nor consent to the doing of any in Court; nor shall
he mislead or allow the Court to be misled by any
artifice.

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RULE 10.02 A lawyer shall not knowingly

misquote or misrepresent the contents of a
paper, the language or the argument of opposing
counsel, or the text of a decision or authority, or
knowingly cite as law a provision already
rendered inoperative by repeal or amendment or
assert as a fact that which has not been proved.

RULE 10.03 A lawyer shall observe the rules of

procedure and shall not misuse them to defeat
the ends of justice.
CANON 11: A lawyer shall observe and maintain the respect due to the Courts and to judicial officers and should
insist on similar conduct by others.
RULE 11.01 A lawyer shall appear in court
properly attired.

RULE 11.02 A lawyer shall punctually appear at

court hearings.

RULE 11.03 A lawyer shall abstain from

scandalous, offensive or menacing language or
behavior before the Courts.

RULE 11.04 A lawyer shall not attribute to a Judge

motives not supported by the record or have no
materiality to the case.

RULE 11.05 A lawyer shall submit grievances

against a Judge to the proper authorities only.
CANON 12: A lawyer shall exert every effort and consider it his duty to assist in the speedy and efficient
administration of justice.
RULE 12.01 A lawyer shall not appear for trial
unless he has adequately prepared himself on the
law and the facts of his case, the evidence he will
adduce and the order of its profference. He
should also be ready with the original documents
for comparison with the copies.

RULE 12.02 A lawyer shall not file multiple actions

arising from the same cause.

RULE 12.03 A lawyer shall not, after obtaining

extensions of time to file pleadings, memoranda
or briefs, let the period lapse without submitting
the same or offering an explanation for his failure
to do so.

RULE 12.04 A lawyer shall not unduly delay a

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case, impede the execution of a Judgment or

misuse Court processes.

RULE 12.05 A lawyer shall refrain from talking to

his witness during a break or recess in the trial,
while the witness is still under examination.

RULE 12.06 A lawyer shall not knowingly assist a

witness to misrepresent himself or to
impersonate another.

RULE 12.07 A lawyer shall not abuse, browbeat or

harass a witness nor needlessly inconvenience
him.

RULE 12.08 A lawyer shall avoid testifying in

behalf of his client, except:
a) on formal matters, such as the mailing,
authentication or custody of an instrument, and
the like: or
b) on substantial matters, in cases where his
testimony is essential to the ends of justice, in
which event he must, during his testimony,
entrust the trial of the case to another counsel.
CANON 13: A lawyer shall rely upon the merits of his cause and refrain from any impropriety which tends to
influence, or gives the appearance of influencing the Court.
RULE 13.01 A lawyer shall not extend
extraordinary attention or hospitality to, nor seek
opportunity for cultivating familiarity with Judges.

RULE 13.02 A lawyer shall not make public

statements in the media regarding a pending case
tending to arouse public opinion for or against a
party.

RULE 13.03 A lawyer shall not brook nor invite

interference by another branch or agency of the
government in the normal course of judicial
proceedings.
CHAPTER 4: The Lawyer and the Client
CANON 14: A lawyer shall not refuse his services to the needy.
RULE 14.01 A lawyer shall not decline to
represent a person solely on account of the
latter's race, sex, creed or status of life, or
because of his own opinion regarding the guilt of
said person.

RULE 14.02 A lawyer shall not decline, except for

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serious and sufficient cause, an appointment as

counsel de oficio or as amicus curiae or a request
from the Integrated Bar of the Philippines or any
of its chapters for rendition of free legal aid.

RULE 14.03 A lawyer may not refuse to accept

representation of an indigent client unless:
a) he is in no position to carry out the work
effectively or competently; or
b) he labors under a conflict of interest between
him and the prospective client, or between a
present client and the prospective client.

RULE 14.04 A lawyer who accepts the cause of a

person unable to pay his professional fees shall
observe the same standard of conduct governing
his relations with paying clients.
CANON 15: A lawyer shall observe candor, fairness and loyalty in all his dealings and transactions with his client.
RULE 15.01 A lawyer, in conferring with a
prospective client, shall ascertain as soon as
practicable whether the matter would involve a
conflict with another client or his own interest,
and if so, shall forthwith inform the prospective
client.

RULE 15.02 A lawyer shall be bound by the rule

on privilege communication in respect of matters
disclosed to him by a prospective client.

RULE 15.03 A lawyer shall not represent

conflicting interests except by written consent of
all concerned given after a full disclosure of the
facts.

RULE 15.04 A lawyer may, with the written

consent of all concerned, act as mediator,
conciliator or arbitrator in settling disputes.

RULE 15.05 A lawyer, when advising his client,

shall give a candid and honest opinion on the
merits and probable results of the client's case,
neither overstating nor understating the
prospects of the case.

RULE 15.06 A lawyer shall not state or imply that

he is able to influence any public official, tribunal
or legislative body.

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RULE 15.07 A lawyer shall impress upon his client

compliance with the laws and the principles of
fairness.

RULE 15.08 A lawyer who is engaged in another

profession or occupation concurrently with the
practice of law shall make clear to his client
whether he is acting as a lawyer or in another
capacity.
CANON 16: A lawyer shall hold in trust all moneys and properties of his client that may come into his possession.
RULE 16.01 A lawyer shall account for all money
or property collected or received for or from the
client.

RULE 16.02 A lawyer shall keep the funds of each

client separate and apart from his own and those
of others kept by him.

RULE 16.03 A lawyer shall deliver the funds and

property of his client when due or upon demand.
However, he shall have a lien over the funds and
may apply so much thereof as may be necessary
to satisfy his lawful fees and disbursements,
giving notice promptly thereafter to his client. He
shall also have a lien to the same extent on all
judgments and executions he has secured for his
client as provided for in the Rules of Court.

RULE 16.04 A lawyer shall not borrow money

from his client unless the client's interests are
fully protected by the nature of the case or by
independent advice. Neither shall a lawyer lend
money to a client except, when in the interest of
justice, he has to advance necessary expenses in a
legal matter he is handling for the client.
CANON 17: A lawyer owes fidelity to the cause of his client and he shall be mindful of the trust and confidence
reposed in him.
CANON 18: A lawyer shall serve his client with competence and diligence.
RULE 18.01 A lawyer shall not undertake a legal
service which he knows or should know that he is
not qualified to render. However, he may render
such service if, with the consent of his client, he
can obtain as collaborating counsel a lawyer who
is competent on the matter.

RULE 18.02 A lawyer shall not handle any legal

matter without adequate preparation.

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RULE 18.03 A lawyer shall not neglect a legal

matter entrusted to him, and his negligence in
connection therewith shall render him liable.

RULE 18.04 A lawyer shall keep the client

informed of the status of his case and shall
respond within a reasonable time to the client's
request for information.
CANON 19: A lawyer shall represent his client with zeal within the bounds of the law.
RULE 19.01 A lawyer shall employ only fair and
honest means to attain the lawful objectives of
his client and shall not present, participate in
presenting or threaten to present unfounded
criminal charges to obtain an improper advantage
in any case or proceeding.

RULE 19.02 A lawyer who has received

information that his client has, in the course of
the representation, perpetuated a fraud upon a
person or tribunal, shall promptly call upon the
client to rectify the same, and failing which he
shall terminate the relationship with such client in
accordance with the Rules of Court.

RULE 19.03 A lawyer shall not allow his client to

dictate the procedure in handling the case.
CANON 20: A lawyer shall charge only fair and reasonable fees.
RULE 20.01 A lawyer shall be guided by the
following factors in determining his fees:
a) The time spent and the extent of the services
rendered or required; 

b) The novelty and difficulty of the questions
involved;
c) The importance of the subject matter; 

d) The skill demanded; 

e) The probability of losing other employment as
a result of acceptance of the proffered case;
f) The customary charges for similar services and
the schedule of fees of the IBP chapter to which
he belongs;
g) The amount involved in the controversy and
the benefits resulting to the client from the
service;
h) The contingency or certainty of compensation;
i) The character of the employment, whether
occasional or established; and
j) The professional standing of the lawyer.

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RULE 20.02 A lawyer shall, in cases of referral,

with the consent of the client, be entitled to a
division of fees in proportion to the work
performed and responsibility assumed.

RULE 20.03 A lawyer shall not, without the full

knowledge and consent of the client, accept any
fee, reward, costs, commission, interest, rebate
or forwarding allowance or other compensation
whatsoever related to his professional
employment from anyone other than the client.

RULE 20.04 A lawyer shall avoid controversies

with clients concerning his compensation and
shall resort to judicial action only to prevent
imposition, injustice or fraud.
CANON 21: A lawyer shall preserve the confidences or secrets of his client even after the attorney-client relation is
terminated.
RULE 21.01 A lawyer shall not reveal the
confidences or secrets of his client except:
a) when authorized by the client after acquainting
him of the consequences of the disclosure;
b) when required by law; 

c) when necessary to collect his fees or to defend
himself, his employees or associates or by judicial
action.

RULE 21.02 A lawyer shall not, to the

disadvantage of his client, use information
acquired in the course of employment, nor shall
he use the same to his own advantage or that of a
third person, unless the client with full knowledge
of the circumstances consents thereto.

RULE 21.03 A lawyer shall not, without the

written consent of his client, give information
from his files to an outside agency seeking such
information for auditing, statistical, bookkeeping,
accounting, data processing, or any similar
purpose.

RULE 21.04 A lawyer may disclose the affairs of a

client of the firm to partners or associates thereof
unless prohibited by the client.

RULE 21.05 A lawyer shall adopt such measures

as may be required to prevent those whose
services are utilized by him, from disclosing or

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using confidences or secrets of the client.

RULE 21.06 A lawyer shall avoid indiscreet

conversation about a client's affairs even with
members of his family.

RULE 21.07 A lawyer shall not reveal that he has

been consulted about a particular case except to
avoid possible conflict of interest.
CANON 22: A lawyer shall withdraw his services only for good cause and upon notice appropriate in the
circumstances.
RULE 22.01 A lawyer may withdraw his services in
any of the following cases:
a) When the client pursues an illegal or immoral
course of conduct in connection with the matter
he is handling;
b) When the client insists that the lawyer pursue
conduct violative of these canons and rules;
c) When his inability to work with co-counsel will
not promote the best interest of the client;
d) When the mental or physical condition of the
lawyer renders it difficult for him to carry out the
employment effectively;
e) When the client deliberately fails to pay the
fees for the services or fails to comply with the
retainer agreement;
f) When the lawyer is elected or appointed to
public office; and
g) Other similar cases.

RULE 22.02 A lawyer who withdraws or is

discharged shall, subject to a retainer lien,
immediately turn over all papers and property to
which the client is entitled, and shall cooperate
with his successor in the orderly transfer of the
matter, including all information necessary for
the proper handling of the matter.

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