Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on the Academic Performance of

Students

Navpreet Kaur

Assistant Professor, University Institute of Media Studies, Chandigarh University,

Gharuan, Punjab, India

Email- [email protected]

Abstract

The presented research focused to examine the extent of Mobile Phone usage and its
influence on the academic performance of the students. A survey was conducted among 50
college going students of Chandigarh University, Gharuan to get the results. While selecting the
sample two criteria were taken into consideration. The participants should be college going
students and mobile phone users. The findings of the study suggest that Mobile Phone usage
effect the academic performance of students as they stuck to this device during their classes. Also
the results indicate that the Mobile Phone usage has become an addiction among the young
students.

Keywords: Mobile Phones, Academic Performance, addiction, youngsters

Introduction credit of this device goes to Martin Cooper,

employer and researcher of Motorola. He
In recent years, Mobile telecommunication
initially developed Cellular phone named
systems have grown significantly (Sánchez,
Motorola Dynatac in 1973. It was without
2006) and Mobile Phones have become an
display screen and of weight 2.5 pounds.
essential part of daily life and are very
(Verma, 2012). In 1983, Motorola released
popular among the people of almost every
its first commercial mobile phone, known as
age group. It has virtually affected the
the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (Goodwin,
society’s accessibility, security, safety,
2015).
coordination of business, social activities
and had become a part of culture of the With the passage of time, the

whole world. (Soyemi, 2015). The total refinements were made to improve the

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Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

functions and size/shape of this device. Cell with family and friends, to access internet,
phone started being used as calculators, to get weather information, for navigation,
pagers, email devices and address books. as a watch, for reminders, to click
(Pinkasovitch, 2010). Now-a-days the photographs and capturing videos and many
Mobile Phones are replaced by smartphones. more. Today a Mobile Phone is more than
Smartphone is like a magic device in the just a device that is used to make Phone
hands of people which offers different calls. It is a companion that acts as a guide, a
applications like video calling, web friend, a communication device, a computer
browsing, weather information, calendar, or a personal secretary. Globalization has
camera, navigator and many more. It is a changed our lives and one of the ways in
portable device that combines the functions which it is changing our lives, every day, is
of cell phone with the functions of computer how we communicate; thanks to
(Hamblen,2009). Because of their function advancements in Information and
and cheap cost, smartphones are very Communication Technologies (ICT). One of
popular among the users. the ICT’s which is seeing rapid
advancement is Mobile Phone. (Rabiu, et. al,
The decrease in the size and the price
2016)
of this device played an important role in the
adoption of this device not only by the No doubt Mobile Phones helped the

businessmen but by the laborers also. people in different ways, but some negative

Though Media has been influencing every effects are also there. In some cases the

aspect of human life from the time of its Mobile Phone use has become an addiction

emergence, but now its power has been and people remain stuck to their Mobile

increased tremendously with the Phones during the significant part of their

development in Mobile Phone technology. working hours, reading, playing and even

Mobile Phones have affected our culture, sleeping. Mobile Phones have affected our

behaviour, attitudes, language, health, culture, behaviour, attitudes, and language,

education and especially communication health, education and communication

patterns. pattern

People use Mobile Phones for

different purposes, i.e. for communication

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Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

Mobile Phones and teenagers

This device is affecting people of different kinds of media contents, which

every age group positively as well as most often, are pornographic in nature.
negatively, but has a great impact on (Ogundijo 2014). The result of different
teenagers. There are many reasons for the researches have provided in-depth evidence
acceptance of Mobile Phones among the of the uses, advantages, disadvantages,
teenagers. People of various ages find impact, consequences and concerns about
Mobile Phones convenient and useful but it the use of Mobile Phones among the
is more appreciated by the youngsters and teenagers. Why teenagers fancy this device,
they are more dependent on this device. is an interesting observation where the
According to a data released by TRAI experts attach its significance to teenagers’
(Telecom Regulatory Authority of India), identity factor. The usage of Mobile Phones
India had 1019.5 million active mobile has re-shaped, re-organised and altered
connections in May 2017. Surveys and several social facets. (Ravichandran, 2009)
studies from a number of countries indicated
In contemporary digital and virtual
that the use of Mobile Phones in young
society, Anxiety is the affliction of life. New
people is increasing rapidly and starting at a
addition to the stress list is "Nomophobia"
younger age. Almost half of the Mobile
(Pavithra, 2015). Nomophobia is defined as
internet users are between 18 and 25 years.
“the fear of being out of mobile phone
(Sundari, 2015)
contact”. The term, nomophobia, is an
These days it is very common to see abbreviation for no-mobile-phone phobia.
the school going students having an (Yildirim, 2014). If a person is in an area of
expensive and sophisticated Mobile Phone no network, has run out of balance or even
in their hands or pockets. These Mobile worse run out of battery, the persons gets
Phones, tablets and iPads have all the anxious, which adversely affects the
applications, facilities and software that can concentration level of the person.
connect them to the internet and all forms of Dependence on this device leads to some
social media platforms, other web sites and new psychology phenomenon. One among
so on, where they chat, access, stream, them is FOMO- Fear of missing out ie the
download, upload, exchange and play fear of being without a cellphone,

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Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

disconnected or off the internet (Trnkova, checking the device, and “Textiety” – the
2015). “Textaphrenia” and “Ringxiety” – the anxiety of receiving and responding
false sensation of having received a text immediately to text messages (Gutierrez,
message or call that leads to constantly 2016).

Impact on academic performance

Academic performance refers to how students. They tried to find the reasons
students deal with their studies and how they behind why a technology is adopted in a
complete different assignments given to particular way. They identified several
them by their teachers. (Bedassa, 2015). A attitudinal factors based on the exploratory
number of researches and studies have been study including, necessity in modern times,
conducted in different regions of the world cost efficiency when compared to landline
and the results have proved that there is a Phone, safety or security, and dependence.
relationship between student’s social media
The biggest challenge faced by the
usage and their academic performance. The
teachers during class hours is to control the
continuous use of social media distracts the
Mobile Phone usage by the students but the
students from their studies and has the
use of this device seems uncontrollable
potential of affecting their academic
among students which leads to distractions.
performance. The rampant use of social
In response to the question asking the
networking, texting and chatting on Mobile
purpose for using cell Phone in class room,
Phones result in lower grades and poor
the respondents revealed that they send SMS
academic performance of students. The
in classrooms in the top order of priority and
researches have proved that some students
read SMS received. They tend to also
have the habit of keeping their Mobile
answer a voice call and make a voice call as
Phones on during classes and studies, even
well from the class room. (Sundari, 2015).
in the library, thereby distracting others.
(Sundari, 2015) In this era of Information &
Technology, the most of the things or work
Aoki and Downes (2004) focused on
we do is online. Paper less work is
the behavioral and psychological aspects of
encouraged by most of the offices and
cell Phone usage among the College

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Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

departments. So internet enabled Mobile (WGHS) in New South Wales operate

Phones are very helpful in this case. On one under a total Phone ban during school
side the educational institutes are hours, unless a student is given specific
encouraging it by providing Wi-Fi campuses permission by a teacher to use their
but on the other hand facing the challenges smartphone as a learning aid in the
to control the usage of Mobile Phones classroom. The school’s policy states that
during the class hours not only by the ‘before school, recess, and after school are
students but by the faculty also. That’s why times students should rest their brains and
most of the schools and colleges have engage socially with their friends. Texting
implemented a complete ban over the use of or communicating via social media
Mobile Phones during school or college disconnects people from each other.
hours not only in India but in other countries (Russell, 2018)
also. Willoughby Girls High School
originally intended to look for. (Bedassa,
But there are some positive effects of
2014). Mobile Phone gives room to
Mobile Phone usage on the academic
blending student’s roles with other roles thus
performance of students as this device has
distracting and disrupting the students’
also helped to increase the level of quality
academic work. (Soyemi, 2015)
education. Some educational institutes
encourages the students to bring their As Mobile Phone use has expanded,
Mobile Phones with them. John Monash so people or researchers or parents are also
Science School in Melbourne encourages concerned about the overuse of the
students to bring their smartphones to technology. A major issue has been
lessons as a learning device. (Eysenbach, multitasking: texting while attending a class
2014). Internet enabled Mobile Phones lecture or business meeting; talking on the
helped the students to get the study material Phone while sitting at a restaurant with a
online but the Students easily get tempted to friend; texting while crossing the street;
use the various social media platforms when talking or texting while driving. Some
trying to obtain learning materials online. In situations violate traditional norms of social
most cases, the students end up spending behavior; others become safety issues
almost all their times on the social media (Baron, 2010).
and forget about the course materials they

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Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

Review of literature
A number of researches have been article Mobile Phones and Youth: A look at
conducted to find the effects of mobile the US student market. According to an
phones on the people. The basic purpose of article Do You Pretend to Talk on Your
these researches was to know the effect of Cellphone to avoid Other People written by
Mobile Phone usage on the health, education Linda Sharps (2011), “People use mobile
and behaviour of people. phone not only to communicate but also
Chigona, et.al. (2008), in research paper pretend to use cellphone to avoid other
Uses & Gratifications of mobile internet people or in any situation that
among South African students have written, require them to stand around awkwardly in
“Most of the gratifications identified can be front of other people”.
clustered around the themes of contribution Acharya, et.al (2013) in research
to identity-formation, maintenance of peer- paper A Study on Some of the Common
group networks, and emancipation from Health Effects of Cell-Phones amongst
local settings, maintenance of romantic College Students have written “Almost
relationships, escape from parental everyone uses cell phones for a greater part
surveillance, co-ordination of group of the day. Headache, irritability/anger, lack
activities, organization and management of of concentration, poor academic
social life, as a primary contact medium, performance, anxiety, eye strain and lack of
bonding device for friends and family, sleeping are the common effects of mobile
personal security, constant availability and phone on the health of people”. Effects of
keeping in touch with geographically-distant mobile phones on health and mental health
relations". A few studies have interestingly of people is a global concern. Every day, we
compared the use of mobile phones among are swimming in a sea of electromagnetic
teenagers to smoking. “Adolescents’ quest radiation (EMR) produced by electrical
for an individual identity and for peer appliances, power lines, wiring in buildings,
bonding, functions which used to be fulfilled and other technologies that are part of
by habits such as smoking, are now taken modern life. Exposure to electromagnetic
over and supplied by the use of Mobile radiation is growing and becoming a serious
Phones”, written by N. A. Selian (2004) in health threat.

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Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on the Mobile Phone because attention is

Academic Performance among Secondary focused on chatting, music and others while
School Students in Taraba State, Nigeria, a their academic activities are neglected and
research paper by Haruna Rabiu, et. al. left to suffer.
(2016), which was published in The Effects of Mobile Phone use on
European Scientific Journal (Vol. 12, No. 1) academic performance of college going
includes the information related to a young adults in India by Tripura Sundari
research which was conducted among the (2015), published in the International
secondary students to know the penetration Journal of of Applied Research (Vol. 9, No.
of Mobile Phones in their lives. The finding 1) was also read by the researcher. The
of this study, revealed that Mobile Phone research was conducted among the college
usage significantly influence academic going students (age 18-25 years) of three
performance among male and female senior cities in Andhra Pradesh. The results shown
secondary school students. The author that rampant use of social networking,
emphasized that the students, parents and texting and chatting on Mobile Phones result
the teachers should be sensitized on the in lower grades and poor academic
influence of Mobile Phone usage on the performance of students.
academic performance of students. The usage and impact of Internet
Analysis of Mobile Phone Impact on enabled phones on academic concentration
Student Academic Performance in Tertiary among students of tertiary institutions: A
Institution by Soyemi Jumoke, et.al.(2015), study at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria by
published in the International Journal of Emeka Ezemenaka (2013), published in the
Emerging Technology and Advanced International Journal of Education and
Engineering (Vol. 5, No. 1), emphasized on Development using Information and
the usage of internet on the Mobile Phones. Communication Technology (IJEDICT),
This research was conducted to find the (Vol. 9, No. 3) was also read by the
correlation between the academic researcher. The study was carried out in
performance and usage of Mobile Phones by order to understand the effects on the
the students of Ogun State in Nigeria. The student’s academic performance due to the
findings indicated that students are time channeled to the phone during their
influenced negatively to a great extent by class hours. The study showed that the

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Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

internet enabled phone usage does not affect communicate with one another. This
the academic performance of the students research was conducted among the students
but distractions by the usage of phone were of Elon University between the ages of 18
notably admitted. and 22. Field observations and a survey
Mobile Phones and Teenagers: were conducted to gauge the level of
Impact, Consequences and Concerns - engagement that Elon University students
Parents/Caregivers Perspectives by Shanthi have towards their devices, and with each
Vaidyanathan Ravichandran (2009), other in face-to-face situation. The findings
focussed on understanding the impact of of the research proved that the students were
Mobile Phones from parents/caregivers’ addicted to their Mobile Phones.
(PACG) perspective. Both survey and The Dark Side of Mobile Phones by
extensive interviews were employed to Naomi S. Baron (2010) was also read by the
explore the research question. The survey researcher. The data for the research was
and interview participants were collected using a convenience sample of 18-
parents/caregivers of teenagers. The findings 24 year-old university students in Sweden,
from this study revealed that the US, Italy, Japan and Korea. This
parent/caregivers’ perceptions on teenagers’ research paper not only focused on the role
Mobile Phone use are not satisfactory. Every of this technology but also explain the dark
interviewed PACG expressed concerns on side of Mobile phone usage.
internet via teenagers’ Mobile Phones and a The research paper titled as Mobile-
very high number of them expressed phone addiction in adolescence: The Test of
negative impacts outweighing positive Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD) by
purposes of Mobile Phones. Chóliz M. (2012) Published in Prog Health
Students’ Cell Phone Addiction and Sci (Vol. 2, No. 1) includes the information
Their Opinions, a research paper by Tessa related to the physical and psychological
Jones (2014), which was published in The motivations behind the use of Mobile
Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Phones by the adolescents and reasons
Communication (Vol. 5, No. 1) has written behind the addiction of this device. A survey
about the essential role of Mobile Phones in was conducted among 2,833 adolescents
communication across the world and the between 12 and 18 years of age. The study
drastic changes the way human interact and was conducted at 16 schools and high

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Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976

schools. The main objective of this study phone usage among the youngsters. The
was to develop a questionnaire for the research was conducted among 500 students
diagnosis of mobile addiction and the results of university in Pakistan. The findings of
of the present research was focused to know this study revealed that, majority of
the dependence of adolescents on Mobile respondents have definite priorities between
Phones for which Likert scale was used. their responsibilities and commitments and
Mobile phone to youngsters: Necessity their cell phone usage. Very few are those
or addiction by Ishfaq Ahmed, Tehmina who always exhibit the extreme addictive
Fiaz Qazi and Khadija Aijaz Perji (2011), behaviors and the rest is the majority who
which was published in African Journal of are not frequently involved in addictive
Business Management (Vol.5, No. 32), usage patterns.
focuses on exploring the pattern of mobile
Objectives of Research

After reviewing the related literature, the 2. To study the impact of mobile
researcher has mentioned the objectives of phones on the academic performance
the research as under: of students
3. To study the level of penetration of
1. To study the intensity of mobile
Mobile Phones in the lives of
phone addiction among the
youngsters.
youngsters.

Hypotheses of research

Based upon the objectives of research the 2. Mobile phone have affected the
researcher has mentioned the hypotheses as academic performance of students in
under a negative way
3. The level of penetration of mobile
1. During the last few years tendency of
phones is very high in the lives of
mobile phone addiction has been
youngsters.
increased

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Methodology

As per the requirement of the present students to collect the data. The researcher
topic a survey was conducted among 50 selected the sample purposively because the
graduate and undergraduate students of mentioned university has the crowd of
Chandigarh University, Gharuan. The students from different states of India and
students of age group 20-25 years were other countries. The second reason was that
selected by keeping in mind the equal ratio it was easier for the researcher to approach
of male and female students. For this the students personally and to keep a watch
purpose a questionnaire was constructed and over their behaviour
the researcher herself approached the

Data interpretation and results

The present research was conducted How many Mobile Phones do you have?
among the college going youngsters to know
the impact of Mobile phones on their
academic performance and usage of this No of Male Female %
device. The 50 respondents were asked Mobile
about the no. of Mobile Phones do they Phones
have. 82% respondents accepted that they
1 19 22 82
have only one Mobile Phone, 12% said they
have two Mobile Phones and 4% of them 2 4 2 12
possess three Mobile Phones.
3 2 0 4

Any other 0 1 2

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To understand the impact of Mobile How often do you check your Mobile
Phones on the academic performance of Phone?
students the students were asked about the
Response Male Female %
usage of this device during their classes.
28% of respondents accepted that they use
After every 7 6 26
Mobile Phones during their classes while
two
32% said that sometimes they use this
minutes
device during the classes. On the same 20%
accepted that they do not use this device After every 8 5 26
during the class hours. five
minutes
Do you use your Mobile Phone during
classes? After one 9 8 17
hour
Response Male Female %
Any other 1 6 14
Yes 8 6 28
Respondent’s addiction towards this
No 2 7 18 magic device was again studied from a
different angle by asking the above
Sometimes 15 12 54
mentioned question. 26% of respondents
accepted that they check their Mobile Phone
after every two minutes and the same
The students are addicted to Mobile
percentage of students ie 26% accepted they
Phones or not, to know this factor the
check it after every 5 minutes. On the other
respondents were asked how often they
side 17% accepted they use it or check it
check their Mobile Phones. 26%
after one hour.
respondents accepted that they keep on
checking their device after every two The impact of Mobile Phone usage
minutes, 26% mentioned the checking of on the academic performance of students
this device after every Five minutes while was studied by asking about the time spend
34% check it after one hour. by them on this device. 18% 0f respondents
keep on using Mobile Phones for the whole

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day while 30% use it for 6-9 hours. Half of Response Male Female %
the respondents ie 50% accepted that they
spend 3-5 hours on this device while there Yes 20 15 70
were only 2% respondents those who said
No 8 7 30
they use this device only for 1 hour in a day.

How much time in a day do you spend on

this device? Mobile Phone is a necessity or a
status symbol for the respondents, while
Response Male Female %
answering this question 34% accepted it is a
necessity while 66% accepted it both as
1 hour 0 1 2
necessity and status symbol.
3-5 hours 13 12 50
‘Mobile phone is a necessity or status
6-9 hours 7 8 30 symbol’, what do you think?

Whole day 5 4 18 Response Male Female %

Necessity 8 9 34
70% of respondents accepted that it
Status 0 0 0
distract the respondents from their studies
symbol
while 30% said that the usage of this device
don’t interrupt their studies. Both the 17 16 66
above
Do you think that the continuous use of
mentioned
Mobile phone distracts you from your
studies?

Conclusion

The usage of Mobile phone has been communication has improved through new
increased tremendously with the media and social networking sites but its
advancement of technology and have both long term usage leads to addictive behavior.
positive and negative aspects. The Findings of the present research indicated

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that the college going students are finding that they check their Mobile Phones
influenced by Mobile Phones usage to after every two minutes or five minutes. A
greater extent and due to this their academic significant percentage of students spend
activities are left to suffer. As per the their whole day by using Mobile Phones or
research findings a significant percentage of 6-9 hours in a day, which clearly indicates
students accepted that they have two to three the addiction and overuse of this device. The
Mobile Phones, though the purpose of condition becomes more serious when the
keeping two to three Mobile Phones was not 70% of respondents accepted themselves
asked but from the result the importance of that Mobile Phone usage distracts them from
this device in the lives of youngsters could their studies. The result of present study
be predicted. The situation seems more real clearly shows the Mobile Phone dependence
when 28% students accepted that they use among the youngsters and proves that the
their Mobile Phones during their classes. younger generation is addicted to this
The addiction of Mobile Phones among the device.
youngsters can be identified from the next

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Volume 8, Issue 12, 2018 255 https://pramanaresearch.org/