CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Library Management System is an application which refers to library systems which are

generally small or medium in size. It is used by librarian to manage the library using a

computerized system where he/she can record various transactions like issue of books, return of

books, addition of new books, addition of new students etc. Books and student maintenance

Modules are also included in this system which would keep track of the students using the library

and also a detailed description about the books a library contains (Shanmugam et al., 2020). 

A library is a place where a huge collection of books and resources are available which can be

accessible by the users. It acts as a brain for the institutions. It enhances the dissemination of

knowledge and spiritual civilization among the students. The tons of books and research works

are captivating the students to improvise their knowledge in all perspectives. It guides the

students to promote their views differently. This knowledge optimizes the student to achieve a

better result in academic as well as personal skill development (Shanmugam et al., 2020).

Improvisation in technology causes the demand for developing a way to enhance the traditional

library set up to digital one. To evoke the library into the technological era, Library Management

system (LMS) was developed. It is an automatic system that reduce the work burden of the

staff/librarians through a single click. It manages, organize and orient the library task. It as well

supports the librarian to add/view/delete/update details from the library stock (Shanmugam et al.,

2020).
Library Management System provides knowledge and practical perspectives management all

aspects of management of libraries and information services, which will prove invaluable to

managing a library or information services cost effectively, while meeting the needs of its users

Library Management System is one of the most tedious processes, which involves the regular

updating of many files and records. As new members enroll for membership the management

has to issue a unique membership code for that member. For this they have to keep a track of

many records such as student details, book details and maintain a number of registers. Doing

this manually involves a lot of time and labor. Hence this can be made easy through automation

(Namburi & Srinivasa, 2020).

1.1 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The significant of this proposed library management system is of developing a computerized

web based system to maintain all the daily work of Iya Abubakar library. This project will have

features that are generally not available in normal library management systems like facility of

admin login. This system will help the library management to faster their activities like,

uploading of books, searching, specifying the categories of books and tracking of books in a very

short period of time.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Presently, Iya Abubakar library uses the traditional method of library system. As stated in the

above background about the advantages technologies as brought about in the library system. This

manual method is very tedious, tracking of book when its been taken out is the most problem

faced in the library, managing books in other to know which is available or not, time spent while

searching, and unable to identify a student using the library.

The aim of this project is to design implement a system that can handle and manage the activities

involved in Iya Abubakar Institute of ICT (IAIICT) library in an efficient and reliable way. And

the objectives are:

i. To reduce time wasted while finding a book from the library

ii. To design a tracking system to know who took a book from the library

iii. To create a database date will store the information’s of users.

iv. To implement the system to be user friendly

1.4 METHODOLOGY

The proposed system will be developed by following the standard System Development Life

Cycle (SDLC) processes. Extensive survey of the existing work will be carried out through

reviewing the weaknesses. The proposed system will be designed using Universal Modelling

Language (UML) tools such as sequence diagram and use case diagram.

The system will be implemented using PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor), HTML (Hypertext

Markup Language), JavaScript and CSS (Cascading Style Sheet).

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This proposed Library Management System is a web-based system that will be used to provide

information regarding the books a library to the user, and can be accessed by unlimited number

of users. It will also allow user to assign a different set of permissions for each module of the
library including basic searching, permissions, advance booking etc. The limitation of the work

are:

i. It doesn’t contain a page of e-book keeping

ii. It is only one side page, only admin can use it.
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 General Overview

2.0.1 History of Library

Libraries began with the ever first efforts to organize collections of documents. Topics of interest

include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials, arrangement and finding tools,

the book trade, the influence of the physical properties of the different writing materials,

language distribution, role in education, rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for specially

targeted audiences, architectural merit, patterns of usage, and the role of libraries in a nation's

cultural heritage, and the role of government, church or private sponsorship. Since the 1960s,

issues of computerization and digitization have arisen and changed the walls of the Libraries. It

is cardinal for most Libraries to move with change in order to remain competitive or relevant like

any other sector (wikipedia, 2022).

The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing – the clay

tablets in cuneiform script discovered in temple rooms in Sumer (Krasner-Khait, 2010), some

dating back to 2600 BC (Maclay, 2003). About an inch thick, tablets came in various shapes and

sizes. Mud-like clay was placed in the wooden frames, and the surface was smoothed for writing

and allowed to dry until damp. After being inscribed, the clay dried in the sun, or for a harder

finish, was baked in a kiln. For storage, tablets could be stacked on edge, side by side, the
contents described by a title written on the edge that faced out and was readily seen. The first

libraries appeared five thousand years ago in Southwest Asia's Fertile Crescent, an area that ran

from Mesopotamia to the Nile in Africa. Known as the cradle of civilization, the Fertile Crescent

was the birthplace of writing, sometime before 3000 BC. (Murray, Stuart A.P.) These archives,

which mainly consisted of the records of commercial transactions or inventories, mark the end

of prehistory and the start of history Renfrew, (Renfrew, 2008; & Roberts 2017).

2.0.2 Case study over-view

Institute of IAIICT is formally known as Iya Abubakar Computer Center, Established in 1967 as

a detachment from the Department of Mathematics of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. In

1976, Moved to its permanent location and installed the CYBER 72 mainframe serving 60 user

Departments of the University and in 1989 Replaced the CYBER 72 mainframe with the

CYBER 932 mainframe. Also, in 1998 Installed microcomputer systems and all operations

became end-user oriented. The institute is saddled with the responsibility of providing timely and

qualitative computing and information technology services of the University. The mandate is to

ensure that the Institute is empowered to enable the University take a pride position as one of the

best ICT-driven universities in Africa and in the world. Subject to the approval of the Board of

Governors (iaiict, 2014).

2.0.3 Introduction to Automated Library system

Library management system (LMS), is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used

to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed (Adamson et al.,

2008; Tennant, 2008). It is used to constitute a relational database, software to interact with that

database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for patrons, one for staff). Most ILSes separate
software functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified

interface. Examples of modules might include:

i. Acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials)

ii. Cataloging (classifying and indexing materials)

iii. Circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back)

iv. Serials (tracking magazine, journals, and newspaper holdings)

v. Online Public Access Catalog or OPAC (public user interface)

Computerized Library Management System is to automate, manage and look after the overall

processing of a library. Efforts have been made to continually improve on library management

systems, such as application login through smart 3 cards, RFID enabled smart library for

cataloguing, circulation of materials, centralized database, user identification through their smart

cards, theft detection statistics and reporting web-based module etc (BGIL, 2017).

Today, we live in an electronic age where knowledge is produced and communicated at

expanding rates and this will certainly bring changes in the character of conventional library

operations. Libraries in this rapidly changing society underscore access to information rather

than building a collection of books and other forms of printed knowledge. In this historical

development of libraries. The provision of information was done through traditional methods

that were found to be adequate before the deluge of information bearing document and the

increase user emends for fast and accurate information. The traditional retrieval tools are card

catalog, periodical indexes and bibliographies. Cataloging and classification, indexing,

compiling of bibliographies and reference service were done manually (GraduateWay 2017).

2.2 Review of fundamental concept

worldwide, at national, regional and international levels. Secondary data will be searched from

print and online resources. Foreign literatures will be mainly used and some of these had been

highlighted to peruse and emulate. The purpose of this literature review is to establish the

potential topics and suggest ideas for another research, reporting published materials on existing

conceptual framework, theories, techniques, processes, styles and instruments of other

researchers related to the topic under investigation. It will help analyses scope of study and be

included.

As for this research, the main purpose of literature review will be to grasp comprehensive ideas

on the extent of library management system initiatives and projects that had taken place

worldwide and the factors and conditions that had influenced and contributed to their success.

The approach to literature review is the browse method where print and electronic sources were

looked at, read and digested, looking for some relevancy, appropriateness and usefulness of the

topic at hand. Predetermined keywords to be used during this search are library, virtual library, e-

library, hybrid library, library management initiatives, library management problems, library

management research, library services, resource sharing, distributed information resources,

online databases, library automation, library systems, mobile information access, information

professionals, librarian, global access, repositories and interoperability, management systems,

library integrated system, database system administration (DBSA).

As the research involves qualitative data as well, researches will be made at the initial stage of

the research making enquires to get as much primary data as possible from as many librarians as

possible whenever there are opportunities to understand the subject better and helped in the

research questions.
The literature review will be about development of library management system which is

organized into the following sections namely Why we need library management system,

Introduction, Features of Library Management, A Review of Problems and Challenges of Library

Professionals in Developing Countries, Library Management System Initiatives Worldwide

(review of library management system)

2.3 Review of a Related Works

Shanmugam et al. (2020) designed a library management system to transform traditional

libraries into digital libraries. In traditional libraries, the students/user has to search for books

which are hassle process and there is no proper maintenance of database about issues/fines. The

problem identified was the issue of allotting, arranging, sorting books in the book sells, checking

and monitor the lend/borrow book details with its fine. This system achieved using HTML, CSS,

SQL and PHP.

Similarly, Ebenezer et al. (2019) designed Library Management Systems in Public Academic

Libraries in Ghana to facilitate the constrain use of LMS by professional librarians and library

paraprofessionals in Ghana’s academic libraries. This system was achieved using HTML, PHP,

Jquery, SQL.

Neelakadan et al. ( 2010) in their project developed a system using KOHA Open source

software to develop an updated database of books and other resources of the school of Chemistry

Library, automated system using KOHA Bharathidasan University to implement library

integrated Open source software to carry out the charging and discharging functions of the

circulation section more effectively which provide various search options to know the

availability of books in the library to generate the list of books due by a particular member and

also the overdue charges. The outcome of the system they developed has: are in single Chemistry
library collections that database, it gives the full control over the library collections and

operations. The limitations of his research were based on:

i. lack of infrastructure facility

ii. lack of environment support

iii. lack of financial resource

Koyyeeh keat, (2011) developed a library management system which could be mainly used by

member and staff of the library. The system allows members search for books and reserve books

through website so that they can save their time and cost to travel from one place to another to

use the library as well as know what the book entails in the library. In the system developed,

staffs can also be able to add news and also view reports with several criteria as well as add, edit

and delete news. The system developed was aimed at allowing users to reserve books via online,

to convenient user borrowing books via online, implementing email technologies to the website,

implementing SMS technologies to the system, designing a friendly graphic al interface which

would suit the users. In the designing of the system, various modules were considered which are

the:

i. Authorization and authentication module

ii. Member/staff module

iii. Search module

iv. Books maintenance module

v. News maintenance module

vi. Email module

vii. Report modules

viii. Publisher maintenance module

The software used in the research entails the use of Microsoft products like the Microsoft visual

studio 2008 for the website development and ASP.NET with C# as the programming language

used having the Microsoft SQL server 2008 as the database.

Ashutosh et al. (2012) developed a system which is a library management software for

monitoring controlling the transactions in a library. In their study they came up with a Library

Management System which was developed in java and mainly focuses on basic operations in a

library like adding new member, new books, and updating new information, searching books and

members and facility to borrow and return books. The system these two developed was an

automated Library Management System. In which through the software user can add members,

add books, search members, search books, update information, edit information, borrow and

return books in quick time. The system they developed has the following advantages. The system

requirement for the research entails how the library management system that was designed can

be used in windows 98 Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows NT, supported for another

platform such as Applet Macintosh and UNIX. The system was made to run on Windows 98 or

Windows NT4.0 operating system and met the following hardware requirements.

Prabhakar et al. (2014) developed a library management system which aims in developing a

computerized system to maintain all the daily work of library. By the virtue of their research

work, the system developed entails many features which are generally not available in normal

library management systems like facility of user login and a facility of teacher’s login. The

system developed also has a facility of admin login through which the admin can monitor the

system developed was aimed at Improvement in control and performance, save cost, save time,
and Option of online Notice board where Librarian will be able to provide a detailed description

of workshops going in the college as well as in nearby colleges etc.

Sarawut M. (2015) developed a system to identify the problem and obtain necessary

requirements data from the librarians, analyses the obtain data, design and develop the system

and conduct an assessment or survey from the users of library resources service through websites

and mobile systems with web services with regards overall performance of Suratthani Rajabhat

University Central Library. The system was able to acquire material as quickly as possible,

maintain a high level of accuracy in all work procedures, and keep work processes simple, in

order to achieve the lowest possible unit co library units and vendors. st and develop close,

friendly working relationships with other In his methodology he was able to make use qualitative

methods using structured interviews. Information were being gathered by the virtue of this. The

system was developed using some instruments used for the development which were visual

studio .NET (ASP.NET) for web web-based application, HTML5 for mobile application, service

for data communication with the component and connected to staff system of this University,

Microsoft SQL server for database management and longest matching algorithm for data

retrieval.

2.4 Proposed System

To improve the management of Iya Abubakar library system, a proposed Library management

system will be design in PHP, HTML CSS, SQL technologies that will easily by access by the

librarians. It will overcome the drawbacks of the existing methods. This system will be highly

secure and will provide an effective result to the users.

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