01 Ratio Proportion Log Indices

CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS
Ratio, Proportion,
Log Indices
PART A - THEORY
Ratio
• A ratio is a fraction (either proper or improper) which compares two or more
quantities of similar kind, which enables us to understand as to how many times
one quantity is involved in the other.
• If A : B ( ) is a ratio, then the numerator A is called “Antecedent” and the denominator

B is called the “Consequent”.
• Ratios must be expressed in the simplest possible form and we can calculate ratios
only when the quantities are commensurable (fully quantifiable).
• Ratios act as a basis of apportionment of a given quantity in a specified order.
• Two or more ratios can be bridged in order to have a continuous comparison between
more than two variables.
• Rule for bridging more than two ratios :
If ,a,b,c,d,e are five Quantities, and
• If a quantity ‘Q’ increases in the ratio a:b (where b>a) then, the increased quantity
will be given by
• If a quantity ‘Q’ decreases in the ratio a:b (where b<a) then, the reduced quantity
will be given by
1
Let a : b is a ratio, then:
• (Ratio of Greater Inequality)
• (Ratio of Lesser Inequality)
• (Ratio of Equality)
• (Duplicate Ratio)
• (Triplicate Ratio)
• (Sub-Duplicate Ratio)
• (Sub-Triplicate Ratio)
• If then the value of each ratio can be obtained by mean of

any one of the following two operations;
a. Each ratio = (ADDENDO)

Or
b. Each ratio = (SUBTRANDENDO)
INVERSE RATIO:
• IR of a:b is b : a
• IR of a:b:c is bc : ac : ab
• IR of a:b:c:d is bcd : acd : abd : abc
COMPOUND RATIO:
The multiplying effect of all ratios given is known as compound ratio. If a:b and c:d
are two ratios, then ac : bd is called the compounded ratio of the two.
Proportion
• Proportion is defined as the equality of two or more ratios. If , in such a
case the quantities a,b,c,d are said to be proportional, here ‘d’ is called the fourth
proportional.
2
• If , then a,b,c are said to be in continued proportion, where ‘b’ is called the
mean proportional and ‘c’ is called third proportional.
• If
IF THEN PROPERTY
ad = bc PRODUCT OF EXTREMES =
PRODUCT OF MEANS
INVERTENDO
ALTERNENDO
COMPONENDO
DIVIDENDO
COMPONENDO & DIVIDENDO
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PART B - CLASS WORK
1. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 6. If 5 is subtracted from each number, the ratio
becomes 4 : 5. The numbers are:
a) 15, 20 b) 5, 10
c) 10, 15 d) 25, 30
2. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4. If 6 be added to each terms of the ratio, then the
new ratio will be 4 : 5. The two numbers are:
a) 24, 32 b) 18, 24
c) 15, 20 d) 9, 12
3. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 7 : 11. The angles are: (in degrees)
a) 20, 70, 110 b) 20, 70, 90
c) 30, 70, 80 d) 18, 63, 99
4. Daily earnings of two persons are in the ratio 4 : 5 and their daily expenses are in
the ratio 7 : 9. If each saves ` 50 per day, their daily incomes in ` are
a) (40, 50) b) (50, 40)
c) (400, 500) d) None of these
5. The sum of the ages of 3 persons is 150 years. 10 years ago their ages were in the
ratio 7 : 8 : 9. Their present ages are:
a. 40, 60, 50 b. 50, 45, 55
c. 55, 35, 60 d. 45, 50, 55
6. Moi earns ` 80 in 7 hours and Zen earns ` 90 in 12 hours. The ratio of their earnings
is:
a) 32 : 21 b) 23 : 12
c) 8 : 9 d) None of the above
7. The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 kms
in 5 hrs, what is the speed of the first train?
a) 10 km per hour b) 70 km per hour
c) 50 km per hour d) None of the above
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8. The ratio of the speeds of two trains is 2 : 5. If the distances they travel are in the
ratio 5 : 9, find the ratio of the times taken by them.
a. 18 : 25 b. 5 : 4
c. 25 : 18 d. 1:1
9. If a/3 = b/4 = c/7, then find the value of (a + b + c) / c.

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) None of the above
10. If x/2 = y/3 = z/7, then find the value of (2x – 5y + 4z) / 2y.
a) 6/23 b) 23/6 c) 3/2 d) None of the above
11. The ratio of the number of 50 paise, Re. 1 and ` 5 coins with Mr. Zen is 5 : 2 : 1. If
the amount with him is ` 38, then the number of Re. 1 coins with him is:
a) 4 b) 8 c) 12 d) 16
12. A boy has five rupee coins, two rupee coins and one rupee coins in the ratio 3:4:5. If
he has an amount of ` 224, then find the numbers of one rupee coins with the boy.
a) 40 b) 35 c) 20 d) 30
13. Moi, Zen and Moizen were in a cold country. They wanted to make a bonfire. Moi
contributed 5 wood logs, Zen contributed 4 wood logs. Moizen had no wood logs,
so he contributed ` 9 to Moi and Zen. What money Moi should get?
a. ` 5 b. ` 4 c. ` 6 d. ` 3
14. If (a + b) : (ab)1/2 = 4:1, find the value of (a/b)1/2 + (b/a)1/2.

a) 1 : 4 b) 4 : 1 c) 2 : 1 d) 1 : 2
15. If . Then find the value of each ratio.

a. 1 b. c. d. None of the above
16. A precious stone worth ` 15,600 is accidently dropped and broken into three pieces,
the weights of which are respectively proportional to 2 : 3 : 5. The value of the stone
of this variety varies as the cube of its weight. Calculate the percentage loss thus
incurred by this breakage.
a) 80% b) 90%
c) 84% d) 78%
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17. An employer reduces the number of employees in the ratio of 19 : 16 and increases
their wages in the ratio of 4 : 5. What is the ratio of the wage bill of the employer
initially and now?
a. 20 : 19 b. 17 : 16
c. 16 : 17 d. 19 : 20
Types of Ratios:
1. The duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is
a) b) 4 : 3
c) 9 : 16 d) None of these
2. The sub duplicate ratio of 25 : 36 is

a) 6 : 5 b) 36 : 25
c) 50 : 72 d) 5 :6
3. The triplicate ratio of 2 : 3 is

a) 8 : 27 b) 6 : 9
4. The sub triplicate ratio of 8 : 27 is

a) 27 : 8 b) 24 : 81
5. If p : q is the sub duplicate ratio of (p – x2) : (q – x2), then find the value of x2.
a) p / (p + q) b) q / (p + q)
c) pq / (p – q) d) None of the above
6. If 2s : 3t is the duplicate ratio of (2s – p) : (3t – p), then:

a) p = 6st b) p2 = 6st c) 2p = 3st d) None of the above
Compound Ratio
1. The ratio compounded of 2 : 3, 9 : 4, 5 : 6 and 8 : 10 is

a) 1 : 1 b) 1 : 5
6
2. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9 and the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

a) 1 : 4 b) 1 : 3
3. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9, the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4, the triplicate ratio of

2 : 3 and 9 : 7 is
a) 2 : 7 b) 7 : 2
4. The ratio compounded of the duplicate ratio of 4 : 5, triplicate ratio of 1 : 2, sub

duplicate ratio of 81 : 256 and sub triplicate ratio of 125 : 512 is
a) 4 : 512 b) 3 : 32
5. Find the compounded ratio of 275 : 31, inverse of 729 : 1331, duplicate ratio of
2 : 5, triplicate ratio of 9 : 11, sub-duplicate ratio of 961 : 1296, sub-triplicate ratio
of 729 : 1331.
a. 1 : 1 b. 1:2
c. 275 : 11 d. 31 : 25
Inverse Ratio
1. The Inverse ratio of 11 : 15 is

a) 15:11 b)
2. The ratio of the quantities is 5 : 7. If the consequent of its inverse ratio is 5, the
antecedent is
a) 5 b) c) 7 d) None of these
3. Divide ` 5130 among P, Q, R and S such that 3 times P’s share = 4 times Q’s share =
5 times R’s share = 6 times S’s share. What is the share of Q?
a. 1350 b. 1250 c. 1200 d. 1450
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Joint Ratio
4. If and the ratio a : b : c = ?

a) 4 : 6 : 15 b) 4 : 8 : 15
c) 8 : 12 : 15 d) 8 : 16 : 25
5. If A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 4 : 5 and C : D = 3 : 7, find A : B : C : D
a) 4 : 6 : 15 : 35 b) 4 : 12 : 15 : 35
c) 8 : 12 : 15 : 35 d) 8 : 16 : 25 : 35
6. If a : b = 3 : 5, b : c = 5 : 4, c : d = 2 : 3 and d is 50% more than e, find the ratio

between a and e.
a) 2 : 3 b) 3:4
c) 3 : 5 d) 4:5
7. Aoi, Boi and Coi work in a company. The ratio of Aoi’s age to Boi’s age is 11 : 13
and Boi’s age to Coi’s age is 13:14. If the sum of their ages is 76, what are their
respective ages?
a) 33, 39, 42 b) 23, 27, 32
c) 22, 26, 28 d) 24, 28, 30
8. A and B have books in the ratio of 3 : 4, while B and C have books in the ratio 3 : 2.
If the total number of books with the three of them is 116, how many books does A
have?
a) 36 b) 37 c) 32 d) 24
9. If and , then find the value of

a) 8 : 15 b) 20 : 27
c) 3 : 4 d) 27 : 20
10. Ahmedabad, Bombay and Calcutta are three cities. The ratio of average temperature
between Ahmedabad and Bombay is 11 : 12 and the average between Ahmedabad
and Calcutta is 9 : 8. Then the ratio between the average temperature of Bombay
and Calcutta is:
a) 22 : 27 b) 27 : 22
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11. A man distributes his property of ` 6,00,000 among his three sons. The share of his
first son is thrice that of the second son’s share and the share of the second son is
twice that of the third son. Find the ratio in which sons share the property.
a) 1 : 2 : 6 b) 3:4:5
c) 6 : 2 : 1 d) 2:4:6
Proportion
1. The fourth proportional to 4, 6, 8 is

a) 12 b) 32
c) 48 d) None of these
2. The third proportional to 12, 18 is

a) 24 b) 27
3. The mean proportional between 25, 81 is

a) 40 b) 50
4. The number which has the same ratio to 26 that 6 has to 13 is

a) 11 b) 10
5. The fourth proportional to 2a, a3&c is

a) ac/2 b) ac
c) 2/ac d) None of these
6. If four numbers 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/x are proportional then x is

a) 6/5 b) 5/6
c) 15/2 d) None of these
7. The mean proportional between 12x2 and 27y2 is

a) 18xy b) 81xy
c) 8xy d) None of these
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8. If x / y = z / w, implies y /x = w / z, then the process is called

a) Dividendo b) Componendo
c) Alternendo d) None of these.

9. If p /q = r / s = p - r / q - s, the process is called
a) Subtrahendo b) Addendo
c) Invertendo d) None of these.
10. If a/b = c/d, then the process (a+b)/(a-b) = (c+d)/(c-d), is called

a) Componendo
b) Dividendo
c) Componendo and Dividendo
d) None of these.
11. If u / v = w / p. then the process (u-v) / (u+v) = (w-p) / (w+p), is called

a) Invertendo
b) Alternendo
c) Addendo
d) None of these.
12. If then

a) b)
c) d) None of these
13. What should be added to 3, 15, 38 and 134 so that the number become proportionate
to each other.
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 2
14. Four intergers p, q, r, s are in continued proportion. If p : r : : 9 : 4, find p/s.

a) b)
c) d) 81
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Mixtures and Alligation

15. In what proportion must rice @ ` 3.10/kg be mixed with rice @ ` 3.60/kg to make
the mixture worth ` 3.25/kg?
a. 3 : 5 b. 5:3
c. 3 : 7 d. 7:3
16. On combining two groups of students having 30 and 40 marks respectively in an

exam, the resultant group has an average score of 34. Find the ratio of the number
of students in the first group to the number of students in the second group.
a. 2 : 3 b. 3:5
c. 5 : 3 d. 3:2
17. A merchant has 100 kg of sugar, part of which he sells at 7% profit and the rest at
17% profit. He gains 10% on the whole. Find how much is sold at 7% profit.
a. 30 kg b. 70 kg
c. 55 kg d. 45 kg
18. Two solutions 90% and 97% purity are mixed resulting in 21 litres of mixture of 95%
purity. What is the quantity of 97% purity in this mixture?
a) 13 litres b) 14 litres
c) 14.5 litres d) 15 litres
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PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
19. An alloy is to contain copper and zinc in the ratio 9 : 4. The zinc required to melt with
24 kg of copper is
(a) (b)
(c) (d) 9 kg
20. A box contains ` 56 in the form of coins of one rupee, 50 paise and 25 paise. The
number of 50 paise coin is double the number of 25 paise coins and four times the
numbers of one rupee coins. The numbers of 50 paise coins in the box is
(a) 64 (b) 32 (c) 16 (d) 14
21. Eight people are planning to share equally the cost of a rental car. If one person
withdraws from the arrangement and the others share equally entire cost of the car,
then the share of each of the remaining persons increased by:
(a) 1/9 (b) 1/8 (c) 1/7 (d) 7/8
22. The incomes of A and B are in the ratio 3 : 2 and their expenditures in the ratio
5 : 3. If each saves ` 1,500, then B’s income is:
(a) ` 6000 (b) ` 4500
(c) ` 3000 (d) ` 7500
23. In 40 litres mixture of glycerine and water, the ratio of glycerine and water is 3 : 1.
The quantity of water added in the mixture in order to make this ratio 2 : 1 is
(a) 15 litres (b) 10 litres (c) 8 litres (d) 5 litres
24. The third proportional between (a2 – b2) and (a + b)2 is :
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
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25. If A, B and C started a business by investing ` 1,26,000, ` 84,000 and ` 2,10,000. If

at the end of the year profit is ` 2,42,000 then the share of each is:
(a) 72,6000, 48,400, 1,21,000
(b) 48,400, 1,21,000, 72,600
(c) 72,000, 49,000, 1,21,000
(d) 48,000, 1,21,400, 72,600
26. What must be added to each term of the ratio 49 : 68, so that it becomes 3 : 4?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 9
27. In a film shooting, A and B received money in a certain ratio and B and C also
received the money in the same ratio. If A gets ` 1,60,000 and C gets ` 2,50,000.
Find the amount received by B?
(a) ` 2,00,000 (b) ` 2,50,000
(c) ` 1,00,000 (d) ` 1,50,000
28. The ratio compounded of 4:5 and sub-duplicate of ‘a’ : 9 is 8 : 15. Then value of a’
is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
29. Find two numbers such that mean proportional between them is 18 and third
proportional between them is 144
(a) 9, 36 (b) 8, 32 (c) 7, 28 (d) 6, 24
30. If the salary of P is 25% lower than that of Q and the salary of R is 20% higher than
that of Q, the ratio of the salary of R and P will be:
(a) 5 : 8 (b) 8 : 5 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 3 : 5
31. A person has assets worth ` 1,48,200. He wish to divide it amongst his wife, son and
daughter in the ratio 3 : 2 : 1 respectively. From this assets, the share of his son will
be:
(a) ` 24,700 (b) ` 49,400
(c) ` 74,100 (d) ` 37,050
13
32. For three months, the salary of a person are in the ratio 2 : 4 : 5. If the difference
between the product of salaries of the first two months and last two months is
` 4,80,00,000 ; then the salary of the person for the second month will be:
(a) ` 4,000 (b) ` 6,000 (c) ` 8,000 (d) ` 12,000
33. A dealer mixes rice costing ` 13.84 per kg. with rice costing ` 15.54 and sells the
mixture at ` 17.60 per kg. So, he earns a profit of 14.6% on his sale price. The
proportion in which he mixes the two qualities of rice is:
(a) 3 : 7 (b) 5 : 7 (c) 7 : 9 (d) 9 : 11
34. The ratio of third proportion 12, 30 to the mean proportion of 9, 25 is:
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 5 : 1 (c) 7 : 15 (d) 3 : 5
35. X, Y, Z together starts a business. If X invests 3 times as much as Y invests and Y

invests two third of what Z invests, then the ratio of capitals of X, Y, Z is
(a) 3 : 9 : 2 (b) 6 : 3 : 2
(c) 3 : 6 : 2 (d) 6 : 2 : 3
36. There are total 23 coins of ` 1, ` 2 and ` 5 in a bag. If their value is ` 43 and the
ratio of coins of ` 1 and ` 2 is 3 : 2. Then the number of coins of ` 1 is :
(a) 12 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 14
37. The ratio of the number of ` 5 coins and ` 10 coins is 8 : 15. If the value of ` 5 coins
is ` 360, then the number of ` 10 coins will be:
(a) 72 (b) 120 (c) 135 (d) 185
38. is the duplicate ratio of then find the value of x :
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 9
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PART C - HOMEWORK
1. The inverse ratio of 11 : 15 is
(a) 15 : 11 (b)
(c) 121 : 225 (d) none of these
2. The ratio of two quantities is 3 : 4. If the antecedent is 15, the consequent is

(a) 16 (b) 60 (c) 22 (d) 20
3. The ratio of the quantities is 5 : 7. If the consequent of its inverse ratio is 5, the
antecedent is
(a) 5 (b) (c) 7 (d) none of these
4. The ratio compounded of 2 : 3, 9 : 4, 5 : 6 and 8 : 10 is

(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 5 (c) 3 : 8 (d) none of these
5. The duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

(a) : 2 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 9 : 16 (d) none of these
6. The sub-duplicate ratio of 25 : 36 is

(a) 6 : 5 (b) 36 : 25 (c) 50 : 72 (d) 5 : 6
7. The triplicate ratio of 2 : 3 is

8. The sub-triplicate ratio of 8 : 27 is

9. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9 and the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

10. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9, the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4, the triplicate ratio of
2 : 3 and 9 : 7 is
15
11. The ratio compounded of duplicate ratio of 4 : 5, triplicate ratio of 1 : 3, sub duplicate
ratio of 81 : 256 and sub-triplicate ratio of 125 : 512 is
12. If a : b = 3 : 4, the value of (2a+3b) : (3a+4b) is

(a) 54 : 25 (b) 8 : 25 (c) 17 : 24 (d) 18 : 25
13. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. If 4 be subtracted from each, they are in the ratio
3 : 5. The numbers are
(a) (16, 24) (b) (4, 6) (c) (2, 3) (d) none of these
14. The angles of a triangle are in ratio 2 : 7 : 11. The angles are
(a) (20o, 70o, 90o)
(b) (30o, 70o, 80o)
(c) (18o, 63o, 99o)
(d) none of these
15. Division of ` 324 between X and Y is in the ratio 11 : 7. X & Y would get Rupees
(a) (204, 120) (b) (200, 124)
(c) (180, 144) (d) none of these
16. Anand earns ` 80 in 7 hours and Promode ` 90 in 12 hours. The ratio of their earnings
is
(a) 32 : 21 (b) 23 : 12
(c) 8 : 9 (d) none of these
17. The ratio of two numbers is 7 : 10 and their difference is 105. The numbers are
(a) (200, 305) (b) (185, 290)
(c) (245, 350) (d) none of these
18. P, Q and R are three cities. The ratio of average temperature between P and Q is
11 : 12 and that between P and R is 9 : 8. The ratio between the average temperature
of Q and R is
16
19. If x : y = 3 : 4, the value of x2y + xy2 : x3 + y3 is

20. If p : q is the sub-duplicate ratio of p–x2 : q–x2 then x2 is

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
21. If 2s : 3t is the duplicate ratio of 2s – p : 3t – p then

(a) p2 = 6st (b) p = 6st (c) 2p = 3st (d) none of these
22. If p : q = 2 : 3 and x : y = 4 : 5, then the value of 5px + 3qy : 10px + 4qy is

23. The number which when subtracted from each of the terms of the ratio 19 : 31
reducing it to 1 : 4 is
(a) 15 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) none of these
24. Daily earnings of two persons are in the ratio 4:5 and their daily expenses are in the
ratio 7 : 9. If each saves ` 50 per day, their daily earnings in ` are
(a) (40, 50) (b) (50, 40) (c) (400, 500) (d) none of these
25. The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 kms.
in 5 hours, the speed of the first train is
(a) 10 Km/hr (b) 50 Km/hr (c) 70 Km/hr (d) none of these
26. The fourth proportional to 4, 6, 8 is

27. The third proportional to 12, 18 is

28. The mean proportional between 25, 81 is

29. The number which has the same ratio to 26 that 6 has to 13 is
17
30. The fourth proportional to 2a, a2, c is

(a) ac/2 (b) ac (c) 2/ac (d) none of these
31. If four numbers 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/x are proportional then x is
(a) 6/5 (b) 5/6 (c) 15/2 (d) none of these
32. The mean proportional between 12x2 and 27y2 is

(a) 18xy (b) 81xy (c) 8xy (d) none of these
(Hint: Let z be the mean proportional and z =
33. If A = B/2 = C/5, then A : B : C is

(a) 3 : 5 : 2 (b) 2 : 5 : 3 (c) 1 : 2 : 5 (d) none of these
34. If a/3 = b/4 = c/7, then a + b + c/c is

35. If p/q = r/s = 2.5/1.5, the value of ps : qr is

(a) 3/5 (b) 1:1 (c) 5/3 (d) none of these
36. If x : y = z : w = 2.5 : 1.5, the value of (x + z)/(y + w) is

(a) 1 (b) 3/5 (c) 5/3 (d) none of these
37. If (5x – 3y)/(5y – 3x) = 3/4, the value of x : y is

38. If A : B = 3 : 2 and B : C = 3 : 5, then A : B : C is

(a) 9 : 6 : 10 (b) 6 : 9 : 10 (c) 10 : 9 : 6 (d) none of these
39. If x/2 = y/3 = z/7, then the value of (2x – 5y + 4z)/2y is

(a) 6/23 (b) 23/6 (c) 3/2 (d) 17/6
40. If x : y = 2 : 3, y : z = 4 : 3 then x : y : z is
(a) 2 : 3 : 4 (b) 4:3:2 (c) 3 : 2 : 4 (d) none of these
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41. Division of ` 750 into 3 parts in the ratio 4 : 5 : 6 is

(a) (200, 250, 300) (b) (250, 250, 250)
(c) (350, 250, 150) (d) 8 : 12 : 9
42. The sum of the ages of 3 persons is 150 years. 10 years ago their ages were in the
ratio 7 : 8 : 9. Their present ages are
(a) (45, 50, 55) (b) (40, 60, 50)
(c) (35, 45, 70) (d) none of these
43. The numbers 14, 16, 35, 42 are not in proportion. The fourth term for which they
will be in proportion is
44. If x/y = z/w, implies y/x = w/z, then the process is called
(a) Dividendo (b) Componendo
(c) Alternendo (d) none of these
45. If p/q = r/s = p – r/q – s, the process is called

(a) Subtrahendo (b) Addendo
(c) Invertendo (d) none of these
46. If a/b = c/d, implies (a + b)/(a – b) = (c + d)/(c – d), the process is called
(a) Componendo (b) Dividendo
(c) Componendo and Dividendo (d) none of these
47. If u/v = w/p, then (u – v)/(u + v) = (w – p)/(w + p). The process is called
(a) Invertendo (b) Alternendo
(c) Addendo (d) none of these
48. 12, 16, *, 20 are in proportion. Then * is

49. 4, *, 9, 13½ are in proportion. Then * is

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50. The mean proportional between 1.4 gms and 5.6 gms is
(a) 28 gms (b) 2.8 gms (c) 3.2 gms (d) none of these
51. If then is
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 7 (d) none of these.
52. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4; if 6 be added to each terms of the ratio, then the
new ratio will be 4 : 5, then the numbers are
(a) 14, 20 (b) 17, 19 (c) 18 and 24 (d) none of these
53. If then
(a) (b)
(c) (d) none of these
54. If a : b = 4 : 1 then + is is
(a) 5/2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) none of these
55. If then
(b - c)x + (c - a)y + (a - b)z is

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INDICES
1. The value of 4/(32)1/5 is
(a) 8 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) none of these
2. 21/2 . 43/4 is equal to

(a) a fraction (b) a positive integer
(c) a negative integer (d) none of these
3. The value of ya - b × yb – c × yc – a × y–a–b is

(a) ya+b (b) y
(c) 1 (d) 1/ya+b
4. The value of (8/27)–1/3 × (32/243)–1/5 is

(a) 9/4 (b) 4/9
(c) 2/3 (d) none of these
5. The value of is
(a) (x + y)2 (b) (x – y)
(c) x + y (d) none of these
6. Simplified value of (125)2/3 is

(a) 5 (b) 1/5
7. [{(2)1/2. (4)3/4. (8)5/6. (16)7/8. (32)9/10]4]3/25 is

(a) A fraction (b) an integer
8. [1- {1 – (1 – x2)–1}–1]–1/2 is equal to

(a) x (b) 1/x
21
9. If a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 – ab + b2), then the simplified form of
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x (d) none of these
10. The value of
11. The value of

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) none of these
12. Using (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b) tick the correct of these when x = p1/3 – p–1/3
(a) x3 + 3x = p + 1/p
(b) x3 + 3x = p – 1/p
(c) x3 + 3x = p + 1 (d) none of these
13. If , then 3x3 – 9x is

(a) 15 (b) 10
14. If ax = b, by = c, cz = a, then xyz is

(a) 1 (b) 2
15. If x1/p = y1/q = z1/r and xyz = 1, then the value of p + q + r is

(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1/2 (d) none of these
16. On simplification, 1/(1 + am – n + am – p) + 1/(1 + an – m + an – p) + 1/(1 + ap – m + ap – n) is

equal to
(a) 0 (b) a (c) 1 (d) 1/a
22
17. If 2x = 3y = 6–z, is
18. The value of is
(a) 0 (b) 252

(c) 250 (d) 248
19. On simplification reduces to
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 10
20. If then x – y is given by
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none
21. Show that is given by
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 4 (d) 0
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 3 (d) 1
23. Show that reduces to
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) None
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) –1 (d) None
23
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2
26. The value of z is given by the following if
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
27. If (5.678)x = (0.5678)y = 10z then
(a) (b)
(c) (d) None
28. If ap = bq = cr and b2 = ac the value of q(p + r)/pr is given by

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) None
29. If 2a = 3b = (12)c, then reduces to

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) None
30. If 2a = 3b = 6–c then the value of reduce to

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1
31. If 3a = 5b = (75)c, then the value of ab – c(2a + b) reduces to

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 5
32. If 2a = 4b = 8c and abc = 288 then the value is given by
(a) (b) (c) (d)
33. If ap = bq = cr = ds and ab = cd then the value of reduces to

(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) 1
24
34. If ax2/3 + bx1/3 + c = 0 then the value of a3x2 + b3x + c3 is given by

(a) 3abcx (b) –3abcx (c) 3abc (d) –3abc
35. would reduce to zero a + b + c is given by

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) None
36. If ab = ba, then the value of reduces to
(a) a (b) b (c) 0 (d) None
SURDS
37. If a = 3 + then the value of is
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
38. If a = 3 + then the value of is

(a) (b) 2
(c) (d)
39. If a = then the value of [a(a – 14)]2 is
(a) 14 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 1
40. The square root of is

(a) (b)
(c) Both the above (d) None
41. If a = , b = then the value of a + b is
(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 98 (d) 99
42. If a = , b = then the value of a2 + b2 is
(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 98 (d) 99
25
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

43. Value of (a1/8 + a–1/8) (a1/8 – a–1/8) (a1/4 + a–1/4) (a1/2 + a–1/2) is:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
44. If 4x = 5y = 20z then z is equal to:

(a) xy (b) (c) (d)
45. × 9 is equal to :
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
46. If 2x – 2x–1 = 4 then xx is equal to:

(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 27 (d) 9
47. If x = ya, y = zb and z = xc then abc is:

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
48.
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/2 (c) 2/3 (d) 1/3
49. If 2x × 3y × 5z = 360. Then what is the value of x, y, z ?

(a) 3, 2, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3 (c) 2, 3, 1 (d) 1, 3, 2
50. The value of is equal to:

(a) 1/5 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/9
51. If = 0 then the value of

(a) abc (b) 9abc
(c) (d)
52. If (25)150 = (25x)50, then the value of x will be:

(a) 53 (b) 54 (c) 52 (d) 5
53. If px = q, qy = r and rz = p6, then the value of xyz will be :

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 6
26
LOGARITHMS
1. log10 10 + log10 100 + log10 1000 + log10 10000 + log10 100000 is
a) 15
b) log10 11111
c) log10 1111
d) 14log10 100
2. If log , then which of the following is true?

a) a + b = 1
b) a + b = 0
c) a = b
d) a – b = 1
3. Find the value of
a) 1 b) 4
c) 41 d) None of the above
4. Evaluate :
a) 1
b) 2
c) – 1
d) 0
5.
a) 18
b) 1
c) 3
d) None of the above
6.
a) log 2
b) log 3
c) log 5
27
7. If log10
a) 4
b) 8
c) 12
d) 4, 8
8.
a) 5
b) 2
c) 5/2
d) 3/2
9. If ; then find the value of x.

a) 5
b) 1/5
c) 52
10.
a) 3 b) c) 2 d) 1
11. If = 2, then x = ?
a) b)
c) d) None of the above
12. Evaluate: xlogy – logz. ylogz – logx. zlogx – logy.

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. – 1
13. Evaluate: (bc)log b/c . (ca)log c/a . (ab)log a/b.

a. 0 b. 1 c. – 1 d. None of the above
14. The value of is alog b/c. blog c/a. clog a/b

a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) None
28
15. Given log2 = 0.3010 and log3 = 0.4771, find the value of log6.
a) 0.9030 b) 0.9542
c) 0.7781 d) None of the above
16. Given that log102 = x and log103 = y, the value of log10 60 is expressed as:
a) x + y + 1 b) x–y+1
c) x – y – 1 d) None of the above
17. Given logx = m + n and logy = m – n, the value of log (10x/y2) is expressed in terms
of m and n as:
a) 1- m + 3n b) m – 1 + 3n
c) m + 3n + 1 d) None of the above
18. If
a) 20 b) 23 c) 22 d) 21
19. If , then log x – log y =

a) log 2 b) log 3 c) log 5 d) log 6
20. If , then find the value of a4b3c-2.

a) 0 b) – 1 c) 1 d) None of the above
21. If , then find the value of x y z ?

x y z
22. Find the value of logarithm of 64 to the base 2(2)0.5.

a) 1 b) 2 c) ½ d) None of the above
23. Find the value of log 1728 .

24. log (a-9) + loga = 1, the value of a is given by

a) 0 b) 10 c) -1 d) None
25. On solving the equation logt + log (t - 3) = 1 we get the value of t as

a) 5 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0
29
26. For any three consecutive integers x, y, z. the equation log (1 + xz) – 2logy = 0 is:
a) True b) False
c) Sometimes true d) Cannot be determined in case of cyclic order
27) If log2 (log3 (log2x)) = 1, then x =

a) 512 b) 128 c) 12 d) 0
28) If log0.5 (logx (log432)) = 2, then x =

a) 5/2 b) 625/16 c) 25/4 d) None of the above
29) If x = logabc; y = logbca; z = logcab, then the value of xyz – x – y – z is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) – 1 d) 0
30) If x = loga bc, y = logb ca, z = logc ba, then the value of is...
a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 d) 0
31) Find the value of log55.log49.log32.

32) Find the value of (logba x logcb x logac)3

a). 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) None of the above
33) If log4x + log2x = 6, then the value of x is

a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 16
34) If log = 2 log x10, then a possible value of x is given by:

a) 10 b) c) d) None of the above
35) Evaluate :
a) a b) b c) a + b d) None of the above
36) Find the value of the following expression:

a) t b) abcdt
c) a + b + c + d + t d) None of the above
30
37) The value of is ...?
38) log2 log log3 81 = ?

a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) 0
39) If MOI = log2 log2 log4 256 + 2log 2, then MOI equals:
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 25
40) Given log (1+2+3) = log1 + log2 + log3. Using the given rule calculate log (3+4+5).
a) log 3 + log 4 b) log 3 + log 4 + log 5
c) a) or b) d) Can’t be determined
41) If , then find the value of y.
a) log b) loge
c) d)
42) Given log2 = 0.30103, the number of digits in 250 is

a) 14 b) 16 c) 18 d) 25
43) log 2 5
a) An integer b) A rational number
c) An irrational number d) A prime number
44)
a) log 2 b) 1 c) 0 d) None of the above
45) log(1/81) to the base 9 is equal to

(a) (b) 1/2
(c) –2 (d) none of these
31
46) The value of log2 [log2 [log3 (log3 273)}] is equal to

47) If log2 x + log4 x + log16 x = 21/4, these x is equal to

48) Given that log10 2 = x, log10 3 = y, then log10 1.2 is expressed in terms of x and y as
(a) x + 2y – 1 (b) x + y – 1 (c) 2x + y – 1 (d) none of these
49) The simplified value of log is

(a) log 3 (b) log 2 (c) log 1/2 (d) none of these
50) The value of loge 25 given log 2 = 0.3010 is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1.5482 (d) none of these
51) If a = b2 = c3 = d4 then the value of loga (abcd) is

(a) (b)
(c) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 (d) None
52) The sum of the series is given by

(a) (b) (c) (d) None
53) If a2 + b2 = 7ab then the value of is log

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 7
54) If a3 + b3 = 0 then the value of log(a + b) – is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 3
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
55. The value is:
(a) 3 log10 2 (b) 7 log10 3 (c) 3 loga z (d) none
32
56. log 144 is equal to:

(a) 2 lgo 4 + 2 log 2 (b) 4 log 2 + 2 log 3
(c) 3 log 2 + 4 log 3 (d) 3 log 2 – 4 log 3
57. If log2 [log3 (log2 x)] = 1, then x equals:

(a) 128 (b) 256
(c) 512 (d) none
58. log4 (x2 + x) – log4(x + 1) = 2. Find x.

(a) 16 (b) 0
(c) –1 (d) none of these
59. The value of 2 log x + 2 log x2 + 2 log x3 + . . . + 2 log xn will be:

(a) (b) n(n + 1) log x
(c) n2 log x (d) none of these
60. If n = m! where (‘m’ is a positive integer > 2) then the value of :

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) 2
61. Which of the following is true. If

(a) log(ab + bc + ca) = abc

(b) log = abc
(c) log (abc) = 0
(d) log (a + b + c) = 0
62. For what value of x, the equation is true?

(a) 16 (b) 32
(c) 8 (d) 4
63. If x = log24 12, y = log36 24 and z = log48 36, then xyz + 1 = _____
(a) 2xy (b) 2xz (c) 2yz (d) 2
33
64. If log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771, then the value of log 24
(a) 1.0791 (b) 1.7323
(c) 1.3801 (d) 1.8301
65. The value of log (13 + 23 + 33 + . . . n3) is equal to:

(a) 3 log 1 + 3 log 2 + . . . + 3 log n
(b) 2 log n + 2 log (n + 1) – 2 log 2
(c) log n + log (n + 1) + log (2n + 1) – log 6
(d) 1
66. If log3 [log4 x)] = 0, then the value of ‘x’ will be:
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 32
67. Number of digits in the numeral for 264. [Given log 2 = 0.30103]:
(a) 18 digits (b) 19 digits
(c) 20 digits (d) 21 digits
34
HOMEWORK SECTION
(INDICES & LOG)
1. 4x–1/4 is expressed as
(a) –4x1/4 (b) x–1 (c) 4/x1/4 (d) none of these
2. The value of 81/3 is

(a) (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) none of these
3. The value of 2 × (32)1/5 is

4. The value of 4/(32)1/5 is

5. The value of (8/27)1/3 is

6. The value of 2(256)–1/8 is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) none of these
7. 2½. 4¾ is equal to
(a) a fraction (b) a positive integer
(c) a negative integer (d) none of these
8. has simplified value equal to

(a) xy2 (b) x2y (c) 9xy2 (d) none of these
9. xa–b × xb–c × xc–a is equal to

(a) x (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none of these
10. The value of where p,q,x,y≠0 is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 2/3 (c) 1 (d) none of these
11. {(33)2 × (42)3 × (53)2} / {(32)3 × (43)2 × (52)3} is

(a) 3/4 (b) 4/5 (c) 4/7 (d) 1
35
12. Which is True ?

(a) 20 > (1/2)0 (b) 20 < (1/2)0
(c) 20 = (1/2)0 (d) none of these
13. If x1/p = y1/q = z1/r and xyz = 1, then the value of p + q + r is

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1/2 (d) none of these
14. The value of ya–b × yb–c × yc–a × y–a–b is

(a) ya+b (b) y (c) 1 (d) 1/ya+b
15. The True option is

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
16. The simplified value of 16x–3y2 × 8–1x3y–2 is

(a) 2xy (b) xy/2 (c) 2 (d) none of these
17. The value of (8/27)–1/3 × (32/243)–1/5 is

18. log 6 + log 5 is expressed as

(a) log 11 (b) log 30 (c) log 5/6 (d) none of these
19. log28 is equal to

20. log 32/4 is equal to

(a) log 32/log 4 (b) log 32 – log 4
21. log (1 × 2 × 3) is equal to

(a) log 1 + log 2 + log 3 (b) log 3
(c) log 2 (d) none of these
22. The value of log 0.0001 to the base 0.1 is

(a) –4 (b) 4 (c) 1/4 (d) none of these
36
23. If 2 log x = 4 log 3, the x is equal to

24. log 64 is equal to

25. log 1728 is equal to

(a) (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) none of these
26. log (1/81) to the base 9 is equal to

(a) 2 (b) ½ (c) –2 (d) none of these
27. log 0.0625 to the base 2 is equal to

28. Given log2 = 0.3010 and log3 = 0.4771 the value of log 6 is
(a) 0.9030 (b) 0.9542 (c) 0.7781 (d) none of these
29. The value of log2 log2 log2 16

30. The value of log 1/3 to the base 9 is

(a) – ½ (b) ½ (c) 1 (d) none of these
31. If log x + log y = log (x+y), y can be expressed as

(a) x–1 (b) x (c) x/x–1 (d) none of these
32. The value of log2 [log2 {log3 (log3273)}] is equal to

33. If log2x + log4x + log16x = 21/4, these x is equal to

34. Given that log102 = x and log103 = y, the value of log1060 is expressed as
(a) x – y + 1 (b) x + y + 1
(c) x – y – 1 (d) none of these
37
35. Given that log102 = x, log103 = y, then log101.2 is expressed in terms of x and y as
(a) x + 2y – 1 (b) x + y – 1
(c) 2x + y – 1 (d) none of these
36. Given that log x = m + n and log y = m – n, the value of log 10x/y2 is expressed in
terms of m and n as
(a) 1 – m + 3n (b) m – 1 + 3n
(c) m + 3n + 1 (d) none of these
37. The simplified value of 2 log105 + log108 – ½ log104 is

(a) 1/2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) none of these
38. log [1 – {1 – (1 – x2)–1}–1]–1/2 can be written as

(a) log x2 (b) log x
(c) log 1/x (d) none of these
39. The simplified value of log is

(a) log 3 (b) log 2 (c) log ½ (d) none of these
40. The value of (logba × logcb × logac)3 is equal to

41. The logarithm of 64 to the base is

(a) 2 (b) (c) ½ (d) none of these
42. The value of log825 given log 2 = 0.3010 is

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 1.5482 (d) none of these

(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) None
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) 3
38
45. On simplification would reduces to
46. If prove that 5x3-15x is given by

(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 30
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) None

(a) x-2a3 (b) x2a3 (c) (d)
49. If then the value of a3 +3a-2 is

(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 1
50. If then the value of a3 + a-3 - 5a2 - 5a-2 - a + a-1 is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) - 1
51.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) -1
52. If the value of abc is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None
53. If logc the value of a4-bc is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None
54. If the value of a3 b3 c is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None
55. If then the value if z is given by

(a) abc (b) a+b+c (c) a(b+c) (d) (a+b)c
39
56.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 3
57. If (4.8)x = (0.48)y = 1,000 then the value of is

(a) 3 (b) -3 (c) 1/3 (d) -1/3
58. If x2a-3y2a = x6-a y5a then the value of alog is

(a) 3 log x (b) log x (c) 6 log x (d) 5 log x
40
Self Assessment
Ratio, Proportion and Mixtures
30 Questions, 30 Marks
1. The ratio of A to B is 4 : 5 and that of C to B is 3 : 2. If A = 800, C = ?

a) 1000 b) 1200
c) 1500 d) 2000
2. Three numbers A, B and C are in the ratio 1 / 2 : 2 / 3 : 3 / 4. The difference between

the greatest and the smallest number is 36. Find A.
a) 60 b) 72
3. Ratio of land and water on earth is 1 : 2. In northern hemisphere, the ratio is 2 : 3.

What is the ratio in the southern hemisphere?
a) 3 : 11 b) 2 : 11 c) 4 : 11 d) 5 : 11
4. The ratio of copper and zinc in a 63 kg alloy is 4 : 3. Some amount of copper is

extracted from the alloy and the ratio becomes 10 : 9. How much copper is extracted?
a) 6 kg b) 8 kg c) 12 kg d) 10 kg
5. A bag contains Rs. 55 in the denominations of Re 1, 50 paise and 25 paise coins. The
coins are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. Find the number of 50 paise coins.
a) 15 b) 30 c) 40 d) 45
6. A person cover certain distance by train, bus and car in the ratio 4 : 3 : 2. The ratio
of fare is 1 : 2 : 4 per km. The total expenditure as fare is Rs. 720. Find the total
expenditure as fare on train.
a) Rs. 140 b) Rs. 150
c) Rs. 160 d) Rs. 170
7. The ratio of the expenditure of A, B and C are 16 : 12 : 9 respectively and their

savings are 20%, 25% and 40% of their incomes. If the sum of their income is Rs.
15,300; find B’s salary.
a) Rs. 4800 b) Rs. 5000
c) Rs. 4900 d) Rs. 5100
41
8. One year ago, the ratio between A and B salary was 3 : 5. The ratio of their individual
salaries of last year and present year are 2 : 3 and 4 : 5 respectively. If their total
salary for the present year is Rs. 4300, find the present salary of A.
a) Rs. 1200 b) Rs. 1800
c) Rs. 1600 d) Can’t be determined
9. The income of A and B is in the ratio 5 : 3. The expenses of A, B and C are in the ratio
8 : 5 : 2. If C spends Rs. 2000 and B saves Rs. 700, then how much did A saves?
a) Rs. 500 b) Rs. 1500
c) Rs. 1000 d) Rs. 250
10. The ratio of total amount distributed in all the males and females as salary is 6 : 5.
The ratio of salary of each male and female is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the number of
male and female.
a) 5 : 9 b) 5 : 7
c) 9 : 5 d) 7 : 5
11. Rs. 56000 is to be divided among A, B, C and D in such a way that the ratio of share
of A : B is 1 : 2, B : C is 3 : 1 and C : D is 2 : 3. Find the sum of share of A & C and B
& C.
a) Rs. 24000, Rs. 30000 b) Rs. 20000, Rs. 32000
c) Rs. 24000, Rs. 32000 d) Rs. 20000, Rs. 30000
12. A, B and C works on a project for 30, 50 and 60 days respectively. The ratio of the
salary of each day is 4 : 3 : 2 respectively. If the total amount received by A is Rs.
14,400, find total amount received by B.
a) Rs. 18000 b) Rs. 19000
c) Rs. 18500 d) Rs. 19500
13. Two numbers are in the ratio 4 : 5. If each number is reduced by 25, the ratio
becomes 3 : 4. Find the second number.
a) 120 b) 130
c) 125 d) 135
42
14. The price of gold is directly proportional to square of its weight. A person broke
down the gold in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1 and faces a loss of Rs. 46,200. Find the initial
price of the gold.
a) Rs. 75,200 b) Rs. 75,400
c) Rs. 75,300 d) Rs. 75,600
15. Rs. 78,000 is distributed among A, B and C such that the share of A = 3 / 4 share of
B and share of B = 2 / 3 of the share of C. What is the difference between the shares
of B and C?
a) Rs. 9000 b) Rs. 10000
c) Rs. 11000 d) Rs. 12000
16. A dog chases a rabbit. The dog takes 6 leaps for every 7 leaps of the rabbit. The
rabbit takes 6 leaps for every 5 leaps of the dog. What is the ratio of speed of dog
and rabbit?
a) 36 : 35 b) 36 : 40
17. A mixture contains milk and water in the ratio of 4 : 3 respectively. If 6 litres of water
is added to this mixture, the respective ratio of water and milk becomes 7 : 8. What
is the quantity of milk in the original mixture?
c) 36 litres d) 48 litres
18. A vessel contains liquid A and B in the ratio 5 : 3. If 16 litres of the mixture is
removed and the same quantity of liquid B is added, the ratio becomes 3 : 5. What
quantity does the vessel holds?
c) 40 litres d) 45 litres
19. A sum of Rs. 3,115 is divided among A, B and C such that if Rs. 25, Rs. 28 and Rs.
52 be dimin-ished from their shares respectively, the remainder shall be in the ratio
of 8 : 15 : 20. Find the share of A.
a) Rs. 585 b) Rs. 685
c) Rs. 485 d) Rs. 785
43
20. There are X members in a club, whose average age is 26 years. 3 more persons join
them at the 35th Annual General Meeting, and thus the average age of members
now increases by 1 year. If the average age of 3 new members joining at the 35th
AGM is 29 years, find X.
a) 6 b) 7
21. Shalini spends 25% of her non working time (in hours) on reading and 2/3rd of the
remaining time watching movies over television. If she spends 2 hrs on watching
movies over the televi-sion, what is her total non working time?
a) 5 Hrs b) 4 Hrs
c) 8 Hrs d) None of the above
22. A teacher wrote N natural numbers, starting with 1 to N on the black board. Ashish
finds the sum of squares of all those numbers written on the board and Aayushi
calculated the square of sum of all the numbers written on the board. The ratio of
answers obtained by Ashish and Aay-ushi is 17 : 325. Find N.
a) 25 b) 24
23. A dishonest grocer mixes two varieties of rice X and Y in the ratio 7 : 3 and 5 : 2 so
as to make two mixtures A1 and A2 respectively. He now mixes A1 and A2 in the
ratio 4 : 1 and prepares a new mixture A3. He now sells A3 at $1.5 per kg making a
profit of 25%. If price of rice X is $1 per kg, find the price of rice Y.
a) $ 1.78 b) $ 1.67
c) $ 1.59 d) $ 1.47
24. Sujay prepared a list of 5-digit numbers. Ajay found on analysis that all the numbers
when di-vided by 7, leaves a remainder 2. Sita tries to calculate the average of
those numbers. What is Sita’s result?
a) 55001 b) 54000 c) 55000 d) 54501
25. If the ratio of volume of two cubes with Amit and Ajay is 125 : 8, then find the ratio
of the total surface area of the cubes with Ajay and Amit.
a) 25 : 4 b) 4 : 25 c) 5 : 2 d) 2:5
44
26. Mr. Azon divides $ 51,300 among his four partners A, B, C and D such that 3 times
A’s share = 4 times B’s share = 5 times C’s share = 6 times D’s share. What is the
share of B?
a) $ 11,000 b) $ 13,500
c) $ 15,300 d) $ 12,350
27. In what proportion the bartender would mix three alcohol of strengths 20%, 40%
and 60% in order to get a cocktail solution of 50% strength?
a) 2 : 1 : 4 b) 3 : 2 : 1
c) 1 : 1 : 4 d) 4 : 1 : 1
28. The expenses of a boarding hostel are partly fixed and partly vary as the square of
the number of boarders. The expenses were Rs. 2,000 when the boarders were 10
and Rs. 5,000 when the boarders were 20. What was the number of boarders when
the expenses were Rs. 10,000?
a) 28 b) 30
c) 25 d) 35
29. There are two alloys of A, B and C called ABC. The first alloy ABC1 is known to
contain 26 per cent of B and the second alloy ABC2 contain 40 percent of C. The
percentage of A is the same in both alloys. Having alloyed 300 Kg of ABC2 and
500 Kg of ABC1, we get a new alloy ABC3 that contain 30 percent of A. How many
kilograms of C is there in the new alloy ABC3?
a) 350 Kg b) 340 Kg
c) 320 Kg d) 332 Kg
30. Three jars have their volumes in the ratio 5 : 4 : 3. They are full of mixtures of
Milk and Water. The mixtures contain Milk in the proportion of 5/7, ¾ and 4/5
respectively and the rest is wa-ter. The contents of all these three jars are poured
into a fourth jar. What is the ratio of Water and Milk in the fourth container?
a) 2 : 5 b) 1 : 4
c) 48 : 151 d) 53 : 157
45
Explanatory Answers
1. A:B=4:5
B:C=2:3
A : B : C = 8 : 10 : 15
C = 800/8 * 15 = 1500
Option C
2. A:B:C=1/2:2/3:3/4=6:8:9
9x – 6x = 3x = 36; x = 12
A = 6 * 12 = 72
Option B
3. Let total = 300. At earth, Land = 100, Water = 200

In northern hemisphere = 150, Land = 150 * 2/5 = 60, Water = 90
In southern hemisphere: Land = 100 – 60 = 40, Water = 200 – 90 = 110
Ratio = 40 : 110 = 4 : 11
Option C
4. Alloy: Copper = 4/7 * 63 = 36; Zinc = 3/7 * 63 = 27

(36 – X) / 27 = 10 / 9
36 – X = 30; X = 6
Option A
5. X + (2X)*1/2 + (3X)*1/4 = 55
11X/4 = 55
X = 20
No. of 50 paise coins = 2X = 40
Option C
6. 4x * 1 + 3x * 2 + 2x * 4 = 18x = 720; x = 40
Fare expenditure on train = 4 * 40 = 160; Option C
7. Expenditure = 100% - Savings%

16x/80% + 12X/75% + 9X/60% = 20x + 16x + 15x = 51x = 15300; x = 300
B’s income = 16 * 300 = 4800; Option A
46
8. One year ago = 3x, 5x

Present salary = (3x)3/2 : (5x)5/4 = 18 : 25
A’s present salary = 18/43 * 4300 = 1800; Option B
9. Income = 5x, 3x
Expenses = 8y, 5y, 2y
2y = 2000; y = 1000
3x – 5000 = 700; x = 1900
A saves = (5 * 1900) – (8 * 1000) = 9500 – 8000 = 1500
Option B
10. Person = Total salary/Salary per person

M : F = 6/2 : 5/3 = 9 : 5
Option C
11. A : B = 1 : 2
B:C=3:1
C:D=2:3
A : B : C : D = 6 : 12 : 4 : 6 = 3 : 6 : 2 : 3
A & C = 5/14 * 56000 = 20000
B & C = 8/14 * 56000 = 32000
Option B
12. 30x(4) + 50x(3) + 60x(2) = 390x

120x = 14400; x = 120
B’s amount = 150x = 150 * 120 = 18000
Option A
13. (4x – 25) : (5x – 25) = 3 / 4

16x – 100 = 15x – 75
Or, x = 25
Second number = 5 * 25 = 125
Option C
47
14. P = k.w2
New P = k (9 + 4 + 1) = 14k
Old P = k(6)2 = 36k
Loss = 36k – 14k = 22k = 46200; k = 2100
Old P = 36 * 2100 = 75600; Option D
15. A : B = 3 : 4
B:C=2:3
A : B : C = 6 : 8 : 12
6x + 8x + 12x = 78000; x = 78000 / 26 = 3000
B – C difference = 4 * 3000 = 12000
Option D
16. 1 leap of dog = 1 units

6 leaps of dog = 6 units = 7 leaps of rabbit; 1 leap of rabbit = 6/7 units
In a given time: 6 rabbit = 5 dog; 6(6/7) : 5 (1) = 36 : 35
Speed of dog and rabbit = 35 : 36
Option C
17. 3x/7 + 6 = 7/15 (x + 6)

45x + 630 = 49x + 294
4x = 336, x = 84
Milk in original mixture = 4/7 * 84 = 48
Option D
18. 3/8 / 5/8 = (1 – 16/X)

3/5 = 1 – 16/X
X = 40
Option C
19. 25 + 28 +52 = 105

Remaining amount = 3115 – 105 = 3010
A’s share = 8/43 * 3010 + 25 = 585
Option A
48
20. Total age of 26 members = 26X

Total age of 29 members = 26X + (29x3) = 27(X + 3)
26X + 87 = 27X + 81
X=6
Option A
21. X hrs = non working time

Reading = 0.25 of X = X/4
Remaining time = X – X/4 = 3X/4
Movie watching time = 2/3 of 3X/4 = X/2 = 2 hrs
X = 4 Hrs
Option B

22. Ashish’s answer = 1/6 N (N + 1) (2N + 1)
Aayushi’s answer = N2 (N + 1)2 / 4
Ratio is: N(N+1)(2N+1) / 6 : N2 (N + 1)2 / 4 = 17 : 325
2 (2N + 1) / 3N (N + 1) = 17/325
650 (2N + 1) = 51N (N + 1)
1300N + 650 = 51n2 + 51N
51N2 – 1249N – 650 = 0
51N2 – 1275N + 26N – 650 = 0
(51N + 26) (N – 25) = 0
N = 25
Option A
23. Let 4 Kg of A1 and 1 Kg of A2 is mixed to form A3

X = 7/10 (4) + 5/7 (1) = 28/10 + 5/7 = 246/70
Y = 3/10 (4) + 2/7 (1) = 12/10 + 2/7 = 104/70
SP = $1.5
CP = 1.5 x 100/125 = $1.2 per kg
Cost of (4 + 1) = 5 Kgs = 1.2 x 5 = $6
Let price of Y = y per kg
246/70 ($1) + 104/70 ($y) = $6
y = $1.67
Option B
49
24. Number = 7n + 2
Smallest of such number (5 digit number) is 10,005 (when n = 1429)
Largest of such number is 99,997 (when n = 14285)
Since all such numbers form an AP
Average = (10005 + 99997) / 2 = 55,001
Option A
25. Amit : Ajay

V = 125 : 8
Side = 5 : 2
Total Surface = 25 : 4
Option B
26. A : B : C : D = 1 / 3 : 1 / 4 : 1 / 5 : 1 / 6 = 120 : 90 : 72 : 60
B’s share = 90 / 342 * 51300 = 13500
Option B
27. Use options:

(20*1 + 40*1 + 60*4) / 6 = (20 + 40 + 240)/6 = 300/6 = 50
Option C
28. 2000 = F + 100V

5000 = F + 400V
V = (5000 – 2000) / (400 – 100) = 3000/300 = 10
F = 2000 – 100(10) = 1000
10000 = 1000 + 10V2
V2 = 9000/10 = 900
V = 30
Option B
50
29. ABC1 (A%, B26%, C%)

ABC2 (A%, B%, C40%)
ABC3 (A30%) – Thus % of A in ABC1 and ABC2 is also 30%
ABC1 (A30%, B26%, C44%)

ABC2 (A30%, B30%, C40%)
C in ABC3 = 44% of 500 + 40% of 300 = 220 + 120 = 340

Option B
30. Milk = 5*5/7 + 4*3/4 + 3*4/5 = 25/7 + 3 + 12/5 = (125 + 105 + 84)/35 = 314/35
Water = 5*2/7 + 4*1/4 + 3*1/5 = 10/7 + 1 + 3/5 = (50 + 35 + 21)/35 = 106/35
Water : Milk = 106 : 314 = 53 : 157
Option D
51
Self Assessment
Surds, Indices & Logarithms
30 Questions, 30 Marks
1. The value of is:

a) 6 b) 5 c) 3 d) None of these
2. If 8x = 4y, what is the value of K(3x – 2y)?

a) K b) K2 c) 0 d) 1
3. If X = log2log3log2512; find the value of (X – 1)!

a) 1 b) 4 c) 6 d) 24
4. If , find the value of x.

a) 3 b) 4 c) 7 d) 9
5. If log 2 = 0.30103; then find the number of digits in 2510

a) 13 b) 15 c) 14 d) 25
6. Find the value of 91/3.91/9.91/27.91/81.

7. If X = cube root of 2, Y = 6th root of 3, Z = 9th root of 4; then which of the following
is true?
a) X = Y = Z b) X > Y > Z c) X < Y < Z d) X = Y < Z
8. If (AB)1/2 = 6 and A & B are positive integers, then which of the following could not
be a value of C = (A – B)?
a) 0 b) 5 c) 8 d) 9
9. If x = 3 + (8)1/2, then what is the value of x4 + x-4?

a) 1154 b) 1145 c) 1164 d) 1146
10. If az = by = cx and b2 = ca, then find the value of y(x + z).

a) 2 b) 2xz c) xz d) None of these
52
11. If , then which of the following is true?

a) a + b = 49 b) a2 + b2 = 47ab
c) a2 – b2 = 49ab d) None of these
12. Given X = , find the value of (2X – 1).
a) 4 b) 1 c) 0 d) – 1
13. If , then the value of is equal to:
14. If X = 3√2 + 7√8 + √27 + 5√3. Find X.

a) 17√2 + √3 b) 17√2 + 8√3
c) 15√2 + 8√3 d) None of the above
15. Given . The value of x is:
a) 1 b) 331/5 c) 263/20 d) 17/21
16. If a & b = ab / (a+b), find 3 & (3 & - 1 )

a) 1 b) 3 c) – 3 d) None of the above
17. If , find the value of x.

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
18. is equal to which of the following?
a) (x + 1) b) (x + 1)-1
c) x(x + 1)-1 d) None of the above
19. If ; then find the value of .
a) 1 b) 2 c) 1.5 d) None of the above
53
20. If ( x + x-1 ) = 3, then the value of ( x6 + x-6 ) is

a) 927 b) 364 c) 414 d) 322
21. Which of the following relations is true?

a) √4 + √3 < √5 + √2
b) √4 + √3 = √5 + √2
c) √4 + √3 > √5 + √2
d) None of the above is true
22. The expression simplifies to:

a) (y – 1) b) (y – 7)
c) (y – 2) d) (y – 7)-1
23. If and , then find the value of
a) 13/15 b) 15/13
c) 2/13 d) 11/13
24. Find the value of
a) √6 + √2 b) √6 + √5
c) √5 + √2 d) None of the above
25. If X = 3 log5 + 2 log4 – log2, Find the value of (X + 3).

26. If logX = log1.5 + log12, Find the value of X/3.

27. Find the value of X, if: Log (X – 13) + 3 Log2 = Log(3X + 1).
a) 21 b) 22 c) 20 d) 24
28. If log3 = 0.4771, find the value of log(0.81)2 * log(27/10)2/3 ÷ log9.

a) 2.702 b) – 0.0552 c) 2.2402 d) – 2.689
54
29. E = . Find the value of (E – 3).

a) 0 b) 1 c) – 1 d) None of the above
30. If find the value of x.

a) 13 b) 45 c) 50 d) 65
Explanatory Answers
1. 30 = 6*5. If A = K(K +1) and you find “+” sign in it, answer is always (k + 1). Option A
2. 8x = 4y
3x = 2y
(3x – 2y) = 0. K0 = 1; Option D
3. X = log2log3log2512
= log2log3log2(2)9
= log2log39
= log2log3(3)2
= log22 = 1
(X – 1)! = 0! = 1; Option A
4.
x = 7; Option C
5. X = 2510
LogX = 10Log25 = 20Log5 = 20(1 – Log2) = 20(1 – 0.30103) = 13.97
Characteristics of LogX = 13
Thus number of digits in X = C + 1 = 13 + 1 = 14; Option C
55
6. 91/3.91/9.91/27.91/81.
= 91/3+1/9+1/27+1/81 = 940/81 = 380/81
Option D
7. X = 21/3 = 26/18 = 641/18

Y = 31/6 = 33/18 = 271/18
Z = 41/9 = 42/18 = 161/18
X > Y > Z. Option B
8. AB = 36. Possible pairs (1, 36) (2, 18) (3, 12) (4, 9) (6, 6)
C = |A – B| = 35, 16, 9, 5, 0
Option C
9. X = 3 + √8
X-1 = (3 - √8)/(9-8) = 3 - √8
X + X-1 = 6
X2 + X-2 = 36 – 2 = 34
X4 + X-4 = 342 – 2 = 1156 – 2 = 1154
Option A

10. Az = By = Cx = K
K2/y = K1/z+1/x
2xz = y(x + z); Option B
11.

a2 + b2 + 2ab = 49ab; Option B
12.

(2X – 1) = 0. Option C

56
13.

Option C
14.
Option B
15.

20x – 60 = 203; x = 263/20. Option C
16.
17.

18.

Option C
19.
Option B
57
20. x + x-1 = 3
x2 + x-2 = 9 – 2 = 7
x3 + x-3 = (3)(7-1) = 18
x6 + x-6 = 182 – 2 = 324 – 2 = 322. Option D
21. 2 + √3 = 2 + 1.732 = 3.732

√5 + √2 = 2.23 + 1.41 = 3.64
Option C
22.
Option C
23.

Option B
24.

Option D
25. X = Log(5*5*5*16/2) = Log(1000) = 3

(X + 3) = 3 + 3 = 6. Option B
26. LogX = Log(1.5*12) = Log18.

X = 18. X/3 = 18/3 = 6. Option B
27. (X – 13).8 = (3X + 1)

8X – 104 = 3x + 1; 5X = 105; X = 21. Option A
58

28.
= (3.8168 – 4) (0.9542 – 0.6667)(1/0.9542) = (- 0.1832)(0.2875)/(0.9542) = - 0.0552
Option B
29.
(E – 3) = (2 – 3) = - 1
Option C
30.

x = 13
Option A
59

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CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

• If A : B ( ) is a ratio, then the numerator A is called “Antecedent” and the denominator

• Ratios act as a basis of apportionment of a given quantity in a specified order.

• Rule for bridging more than two ratios :

If ,a,b,c,d,e are five Quantities, and

Let a : b is a ratio, then:

• (Ratio of Greater Inequality)

• (Ratio of Lesser Inequality)

• If then the value of each ratio can be obtained by mean of

a. Each ratio = (ADDENDO)

COMPONENDO & DIVIDENDO

PART B - CLASS WORK

9. If a/3 = b/4 = c/7, then find the value of (a + b + c) / c.

14. If (a + b) : (ab)1/2 = 4:1, find the value of (a/b)1/2 + (b/a)1/2.

15. If . Then find the value of each ratio.

2. The sub duplicate ratio of 25 : 36 is

3. The triplicate ratio of 2 : 3 is

4. The sub triplicate ratio of 8 : 27 is

6. If 2s : 3t is the duplicate ratio of (2s – p) : (3t – p), then:

1. The ratio compounded of 2 : 3, 9 : 4, 5 : 6 and 8 : 10 is

2. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9 and the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

3. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9, the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4, the triplicate ratio of

4. The ratio compounded of the duplicate ratio of 4 : 5, triplicate ratio of 1 : 2, sub

1. The Inverse ratio of 11 : 15 is

4. If and the ratio a : b : c = ?

6. If a : b = 3 : 5, b : c = 5 : 4, c : d = 2 : 3 and d is 50% more than e, find the ratio

9. If and , then find the value of

1. The fourth proportional to 4, 6, 8 is

2. The third proportional to 12, 18 is

3. The mean proportional between 25, 81 is

4. The number which has the same ratio to 26 that 6 has to 13 is

5. The fourth proportional to 2a, a3&c is

6. If four numbers 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/x are proportional then x is

7. The mean proportional between 12x2 and 27y2 is

8. If x / y = z / w, implies y /x = w / z, then the process is called

10. If a/b = c/d, then the process (a+b)/(a-b) = (c+d)/(c-d), is called

11. If u / v = w / p. then the process (u-v) / (u+v) = (w-p) / (w+p), is called

14. Four intergers p, q, r, s are in continued proportion. If p : r : : 9 : 4, find p/s.

Mixtures and Alligation

16. On combining two groups of students having 30 and 40 marks respectively in an

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

24. The third proportional between (a2 – b2) and (a + b)2 is :

25. If A, B and C started a business by investing ` 1,26,000, ` 84,000 and ` 2,10,000. If

35. X, Y, Z together starts a business. If X invests 3 times as much as Y invests and Y

38. is the duplicate ratio of then find the value of x :

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 9

2. The ratio of two quantities is 3 : 4. If the antecedent is 15, the consequent is

4. The ratio compounded of 2 : 3, 9 : 4, 5 : 6 and 8 : 10 is

5. The duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

6. The sub-duplicate ratio of 25 : 36 is

7. The triplicate ratio of 2 : 3 is

8. The sub-triplicate ratio of 8 : 27 is

9. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9 and the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

12. If a : b = 3 : 4, the value of (2a+3b) : (3a+4b) is

19. If x : y = 3 : 4, the value of x2y + xy2 : x3 + y3 is

20. If p : q is the sub-duplicate ratio of p–x2 : q–x2 then x2 is

21. If 2s : 3t is the duplicate ratio of 2s – p : 3t – p then

22. If p : q = 2 : 3 and x : y = 4 : 5, then the value of 5px + 3qy : 10px + 4qy is

48. 12, 16, , 20 are in proportion. Then is

49. 4, , 9, 13½ are in proportion. Then is