1

EFFECTIVENESS OF FLOOD PREVENTION MEASURES IN LOW-LYING

AREAS OF BARANGAY SAN MIGUEL, SANTO TOMAS DAVAO DEL NORTE

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the Faculty Member of the

Institute of Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Good Governance

Davao del Norte State College

Panabo City

KHARINE P. ROMBAOA

JEZELLE JOY M. BONJIBON

JENNY P. MORALES

December 2021
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EFFECTIVENESS OF FLOOD PREVENTION MEASURES IN LOW-LYING

AREAS OF BARANGAY SAN MIGUEL, SANTO TOMAS DAVAO DEL NORTE

_________________________________________

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the Faculty Member of the

Institute of Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Good Governance

Davao del Norte State College

Panabo City

_________________________________________

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Public Administration

KHARINE P. ROMBAOA

JEZELLE JOY M. BONJIBON

JENNY P. MORALES

December 2021
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APPROVAL SHEET

This Thesis entitled “Effectiveness of Flood Prevention Measures in Low-lying

Areas of Barangay San Miguel, Santo tomas Davao del Norte” prepared and
submitted by Kharine P. Rombaoa, Jezelle Joy M. Bonjibon, Jenny P. Morales in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Disaster
Resiliency and Management, has been examined, and is hereby recommended for
approval and acceptance.

JEROWEN LICAYAN
Adviser
Approved by the Thesis Committee.

BOYETH PELONE, MSE

Chairman

JON GAVIOLA NIEZEL ANNE BANTAYAN

Member Member

ACCEPTED and APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree, Bachelor of Public Administration.

BOYETH PELONE, MSE

Program Chairperson, Bachelor of Public Administration

FLORIE ANN L. FERMIL, MAEd

Dean of the Institute
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ABSTRACT

KHARINE P. ROMBAOA, JEZELLE JOY M. BONJIBON, JENNY P. MORALES

Davao del Norte State, New Visayas Panabo City, June 2020. EFFECTIVENESS OF

FLOOD PREVENTION MEASURES IN LOW-LYING AREAS OF BARANGAY

SAN MIGUEL, SANTO TOMAS DAVAO DEL NORTE.

THESIS ADVISER: JEROWEN LICAYAN

This study determined the effectiveness of flood prevention measures in Low-

lying areas of Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas Davao del Norte. Furthermore, this

aims to find out the significant among its indicators. It had a total of 71 respondents, and

the data gathering tool was a survey made questionnaires. Findings showed that the

effectiveness of flood prevention measures is relevant and significant. As a result, it can

be concluded that the flood prevention measures should be implemented in order to

mitigate the negative impacts of flooding. Improving flood prevention measures reduces

the flood risk and vulnerability of residents in flood prone areas.

Keywords: Flood Prevention, Flood Resiliency, Preparedness, Awareness, Structural

Measures, Theory of Urban in Resilience

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to convey their heartfelt appreciation to the

individuals who have been a vital part of this research; without them, the study named

"Effectiveness of Flood Prevention Measures" would not have been a success.

To the researcher's family and friends for their unwavering support, particularly

via financial contributions and prayers;

To the research interviewees for their time, faith in being interviewed, and

response that were extremely helpful;

To Sir Jerowen Licayan, the research adviser, for imparting invaluable research

insights, for the patience to educate regardless of the circumstances, and for the kind

encouragement at every step of the route, and

Most importantly, we thank our Almighty God for bestowing upon us the abilities

and wisdom required to complete this study.

Thank you very much to everyone!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET iii

ABSTRACT iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

Chapter

I INTRODUCTION

Rationale 2

Research Objectives 5

Theoretical Framework 6

Conceptual Framework 8

Scope and Delimitation 8

Definition of Terms 9

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11

III METHOD

Research Design 17

Research Locale 17

Population and Sample 18

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Research Instrument 20

Data Collection 21

Statistical Tools 21

Ethical Consideration 22

IV RESULTS & DISCUSSION 23

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 38

REFERENCES 40

APPENDICES

A. Letter of Request and Approval 45

B. Questionnaire Validation Sheets 47

CURRICULUM VITAE 54

LIST OF TABLES
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Page

1 Population Breakdown 20

2 Range and Interpretation 21

3 Computed Mean on the Level of Resiliency 23

4 Computed Mean on the Level of Preparedness 25

5 Computed Mean on the Level of Awareness 27

6 Computed Mean on the Level of Structural 28

Measures

7 Computed Mean on the Relevancy and 30

Effectiveness of Flood Prevention

8 Frequency and Percentage in Relevancy of 31

Flood Prevention Measures

9 Frequency and Percentage of Existing 32

Flood Prevention Measures

10 Frequency and Percentage in Relevancy of 33

Perception on Existing Flood Prevention Measures

11 Suggestions and Recommendation 34

LIST OF FIGURES
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Page

1 Map showing the locale of the study 18

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
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Rationale

A disaster is a sudden catastrophic occurrence that significantly disrupts a society

functioning and results in human, material, economic, or environmental losses that

exceed the societies capacity to cope with its own resources. Disasters may have human

causes, even though they are mostly triggered by nature, and floods are the most common

natural disaster, and they occur when a large amount of water overflows and submerges

normally dry land. Floods are often triggered by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or a

storm surge from a tropical cyclone or tsunami. It can cause widespread devastation,

resulting in loss of life and damages to personal property and critical public health

infrastructure. According to NSSL (2016) that the flash floods are the most destructive

kind of floods because flood joins with blazing speed and unpredictability. They

eventually occur when excessive water fills normally dry creeks or river beds along with

currently flowing creeks and rivers, causing rapid rises of water in either short or a long

period of time. They might happen with little or no warning.

Flooding is the world's most common and devastating natural disaster. It is an

environmental problem that can endanger human life, damage infrastructure, disrupt

economic activity, and reduced ecological resources. The water level rises as a result of

heavy rainfall. Flooding occurs when the water level rises higher than the river banks or

dams, causing the river to overflow. Due to these dangerous events, flood prevention

measures such as structural and non-structural measures are need to be applied during

threatening floods to reinforce flood measures or protect critical infrastructure from

flooding.
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Flood Prevention Measures aim to reduce the risks of flood events to people who

live in flood-prone areas. Most local, regional, and national applied flood prevention

measures include both structural (reservoirs, dams, dikes, and levees) and non-structural

(land use policy, early warning, property level flood risk mitigation measures, financial

incentives, and risk transfer flood) measures. Hence, individual households have taken on

a more prominent role in managing flood risk. A flood prevention measures seek to

reduce and avoid the possible occurrence of flood risk that can threat human life in a

community and it is very important for those located in low lying areas. Flood prevention

measures cannot completely eliminate the risk of flooding. Thus, proactively protect

homes from flooding or reduce resulting damage, are an essential part of modern flood

risk prevention.

One of the most devastating floods that happened recently in the Philippines when

the Cagayan River overflowed after two weeks of torrential rains, burying entire villages

under water and mud. Few people had enough time to make it even to their rooftops due

to the quick and furious floods. Homes offered no protection from the destruction.

According to the report of Japan International Cooperation Agency (2007) it was stated

there that due to a lack of flow capacity, heavy local rainfall in the upstream causes flash

floods and overflows in the downstream of the Tuganay River system, especially in the

Anibongan and New Ising Rivers. Local rainfall does not always come at the same time

around the basin. In Candon City, Ilocos Sur, the effects of flood are also alarming

especially during the landfall of the typhoon Juan on October 18, 2010. A total of 1635
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individual were affected and around 635 people were assessed for damage and needs

because of heavy rainfall that leads into flash floods Ragma et al. (2017).

In Santo Tomas, the province of Davao del Norte, it can be observed that the

impact of flash flood is actually alarming. The residents wade through flooded streets

particularly in Barangay San Miguel after it was hit by a flash flood on April 11, 2021

early in the morning, and 1,130 families were affected due to massive flooding brought

by heavy rains in Davao region since Friday (ABS-CBN, 2021). In addition, Gajunera

(2021) also stated that the Local Government of Santo Tomas declared a state of calamity

due to severe flooding experienced in the area. The widespread flooding caused by

localized thunderstorms affected at least 6,545 families in 10 barangays including the

barangay San Miguel who were badly affected by the flooding caused by the Tropical

Storm Auring. People of Barangay San Miguel have suffered for several days with the

flash flood water in seven (7) Puroks, Agricultural crops, Infrastructure and 1,131

families more or less the health of their constituents were affected, and properties are

damage.

There are just a few areas on earth where flooding is not a problem. With the

arrival of the rainy season, we must be prepared for potential flash floods, landslides, and

other disasters, especially in high-risk and vulnerable areas, which is why flooding is a

major issue in the Philippines. Every year, a large number of people are killed as a result

of this natural disaster. Most floods take hours or even days to form, giving residents

plenty of time to plan or evacuate, but not in the Philippines, where floods occur in a
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matter of minutes. Others appear suddenly and without notice. However, even small

amounts of rain can cause flooding in our country.

This study aims to know the further causes for the particular occurrence and the

adverse effects of the flood. The researchers also want to see the level of resilience and

how efficient the local community leaders and the residents if such flood situations may

occur. In addition, the researchers want to dig deeper into the perception of the

community regarding to their existing structural measures such as dikes, drainages and

early warning system. The significance of this study is to gain knowledge about the

effectiveness of prevention measures in the locality towards the community of Barangay

San Miguel to make recommendations and generate solutions regarding the problem.

Research Objectives

The general objective of this study is to identify the perception of the community

when it comes to their existing flood prevention measures in Barangay San Miguel.

Specifically, the study aims:

 To determine its effectiveness and significance.

 To identify the perception of the residents in terms of flood resiliency,

preparedness, awareness and structural measures.

 To make recommendations for the development and resilience of the local

communities when it comes to flood prevention measures.

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So, given the above-mentioned objectives, the study will focus on determining the

effectiveness of flood prevention measures. This will lead to a closer cooperation and

coordination of improving preventive measures with affected communities in low-lying

areas in Barangay San Miguel.

Theoretical Framework

Natural disasters are unpredictable and complicated; individuals' judgments on

disaster-related problems are heavily influenced by their level of confidence in the source

of risk information. Every year, calamities such as typhoons, landslides, and floods strike

the Philippines, causing widespread devastation. This study can be associated with the

Theory of Urban Resilience for Flooding (Liao, 2012) it was stated there that cities

cannot function without flood control, which erodes resilience. Flood adaptation is

proposed as a replacement for flood control in order to permit natural floodplain

processes to enhance urban resilience to floods. Flood risks pose a threat to river towns

all over the globe, despite the fact that many of them are protected by substantial flood-

control infrastructure, such as levees, dams, and channelization. In connection to

Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas flood protection techniques involve adequate

resident reactions. It implies that if the people living in the most impacted areas are likely

to experience flooding. Therefore, with new insights into residents' perceptions, there are

new opportunities to better inform and encourage them to take flood risk adaptation
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measures, thereby improving flood resilience it is critical to take adaptive measures to

decrease flood risk.

According to De Bruijn (2005), adaptations such as house alteration and staying

informed are necessary to avoid the various consequences of a flood. The Theory of

Planned Behavior and Disaster Preparedness (Najafi et al., 2017) supports this. Disaster

preparedness is defined as measures undertaken before to a disaster to guarantee that the

resources required to respond successfully are available. Disaster preparedness demands

a thorough understanding of the factors that influence disaster preparedness behaviour

performance or non-performance.

A flood is an overflow of water onto typically dry land that occurs when rivers

and streams overrun their banks as a result of heavy rainfall, a dam or levee failure, or a

combination of these factors. Some floods grow slowly, while others develop quickly,

even in a matter of minutes. The ability to plan ahead and take mitigation measures, such

as moving buildings away from flooding areas or raising dwellings, can help to decrease

the likelihood of damage and injury during a flooding event. Small measures are used to

restrict the flow of water before it reaches bigger rivers in flood prevention management.

Small barriers in canals and fields, or notches carved into embankments, might be used to

redirect water onto open ground as a preventative precaution. When water is momentarily

withdrawn from the flow path of a river, letting pools grow outside the main stream

reduces the force of the floods. Being prepared is a long-term method of flood

management that complements flood barriers and concrete. In addition, Birkland and

Waterman (2009) also stated the three characteristics of community resilience—damage

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prevention, rapid recovery, and community functionality preservation—arguing that the

more stresses the community can bear to preserve functionality, the faster the recovery.

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Perception of the community

towards flood risk. The level of effectiveness of
Resiliency flood prevention measures in
Preparedness Barangay San Miguel.
Awareness
Structural Measures

Moderator

Community/Household
Barangay Official
BDRRMC

Scope and Delimitation

This study will be focusing mainly on the perception of the residents to know

further the Effectiveness of Flood Prevention Measures in low-lying areas specifically in

the Purok 3 and Purok 4 which are the most affected areas in Barangay San Miguel Santo

Tomas. The respondents' needs consisted of community leaders and residents in

Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas Davao del Norte. Meanwhile, this study will

determine the significance of developing flood prevention measures and will not include
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the other factors of flood events that will not be related to our research. Furthermore, this

study aims to help the local community leaders and the residents increase their

knowledge and awareness about the effectiveness of food prevention measures.

Definition of Terms

The following terms used in this study are defined and explained according to their used

in this research.

Flood. Defined as a temporary coverage with water of an area not normally covered by

water, in particular caused by high water in natural water-courses, reservoirs, onshore

canals, excluding coverage of an area with water caused by high water in sewage systems

(Water Law, 2017).

Flood Prevention. According to GEMET (2021) it is preventing damage caused by

floods by avoiding the construction of houses and industries in present and future

flood-prone areas, as well as by adapting future developments to the risk of flooding

and by promoting appropriate land-use, agricultural and forestry practices.

Low-lying. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary (2021), it is lying below the

normal level, surface, or the base of measurement or mean elevation.

Resiliency. – According to Republic Act No. 10121 (2010), it is the ability of a system,

community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover

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from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the

preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.

Preparedness. — According to Republic Act No. 10121 (2010) It covers the

creation/improvement of an overall preparation plan, policy, and procedures. Institutional

framework, warning and forecasting skills, and strategies that identify ways to assist at-

risk populations in protecting their lives and assets by being attentive to risks and threats

to an actual disaster.

Awareness. According to Cambridge Dictionary (2021), it is a knowledge that something

exists or understanding of a situation at the present time based on information or

experience.

Structural Measures. According to UNDRR (2020-21) structural measures are any

physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, or the application of

engineering techniques or technology to achieve hazard resistance and resilience in

structures or systems. 
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter talks about the review related literature and studies which explains

the effectiveness of flood prevention measures.

Extensive Flooding Globally

According to IPCC (2014) natural hazard-related, hazards have been increasingly

rising worldwide over the past few decades, as is generally known. In particular, the

frequency of floods is spreading more than any other natural catastrophe. Since 1990, the

number of significant flood-related events has tripled decade of the 1980s (ADB 2013).

Floods cause enormous economic damage and loss of life every year, in the last century

floods killed about 100 000 humans (Jonkman, 2005). The Philippines, unfortunately,

ranks eighth among the top 10 countries whose 29.1 million of its people are exposed to

significant flood risk. Extreme weather events have the greatest impact on the planet in

the last two decades (Kreft et al., 2016; Nguyen Duc, 2016). et al. 2019), which was also

one of five countries on the list and the highest proportion of the population at risk from

river floods in the world (Luo et al. 2015).

In addition, Harlan (2013) also stated that the several countries experiencing a

severe flooding including the Philippines, which is regularly hit by natural disasters, are

implementing long-term flood control strategies to cut costs. This comes amid a growing

effort to develop comprehensive flood management strategies to address flooding issues

and lessen the social, economic, and environmental impacts of flooding. The recurring
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flood crisis in the Philippines can partially be attributed to its geographical features. The

archipelago consists of approximately 421 major river basins, with 20 typhoons per year,

making the nation vulnerable to flooding. Heavy rainfall occurs in typhoons and

monsoons, leading to overflow of rivers and accumulation of sediments in flood plains

which cause severe flood damage.

Over the years, the use of flood prevention measure has been regarded as the

primary method for reducing flood risk in a community. In accordance with the past

events related to the severity of flooding, the following variables of this study will be

highlighted and will be discuss appropriately to better understand the effectiveness of

flood preventive measures.

Flood Resiliency

According to Jubilo et al. (2004) Flood resilience refers to the ability to cope with

flooding and to recover from flooding. It also refers to adaptive capacity of the

community. In Barangay Mankilam they always experienced flooding one to three

flooding per year especially at Purok Banana and other western villages. The flooding

occurred during the months of December to February for the last 5 years.  In order to

reduce flood losses and help communities in both developed and developing countries

they need to develop the resiliency of the community in terms of flooding.  In addition,

Paton (2006) also indicated that resilience is a measure of how well people and societies

can adapt to a changed reality and capitalize on new possibilities offered. In terms of
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flooding, resilience refers to the capability of a community to not only withstand and

recover from a flood, but also to enhance as a result of the flood.

As stated by Medina et al. (2015) the residents of Bukidnon Province, especially

those living along the banks of the Pulangui River, have been victims of floods in the

past, resulting in the loss of property and lives. In accordance with the increasing flood

risk in flood prone areas, developing the resilience of the community and individual

against flood is needed. The majority of direct and indirect flood impacts occur at the

community level, and it is at this level that flood resilience must be built (Lauren et al.

2020). Flooding is one of the most dangerous disasters in terms of deaths and costs, with

growing number of people being affected. The number of people living in the flood prone

areas nearly doubled, and projected financial losses more than ten folded in the last three

decades (CRED 2018). Therefore, knowing your local flood history and developing of

how floods behave in your area allows you to respond to an impending flood in good

time, aside from that it can alert residents when flooding conditions are likely to occur.

Awareness

As mentioned by Smith (2019) Every year, disaster affect hundreds of thousands

of people on personal, industry, local community and national level and the most

common disaster which is flooding that also affect billions of people. One of the best

approaches for effective preventive measures at all times is to raise awareness and

improve resources like early warning signals. Residents living in flood-prone areas that
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have a low risk awareness is usually one of the main causes of their low preparedness,

which leads to an insufficient response to natural disasters (Scolobig 2012). Therefore,

flood risk awareness is significantly relevant among those residents who had been

personally affected by a flood and the development of resident’s knowledge can lead into

a better response if an event will occur.

As studied by Mondino et al. (2020) Flood risk is determined by three factors:

danger, exposure, and susceptibility. Flood exposure is growing globally, owing

primarily to population growth due to lack of awareness. An effective activities for flood

risk awareness and educating the public are programs about flood awareness or outreach

events (Kellens et al. 2013).

Preparedness

According to Nguyen et al. (2020) As a result, self-preparation by households

became the most important factor in risk reduction. While most households seem to have

increased their flood preparedness in 2017, some seem to be lagging. Poverty-related

obstacles were the root causes of family restraints in both rural and residential

communities. The suburban riverine inhabitants were also listed as vulnerable due to their

inability to upgrade structural steps, which was attributed to the ancient town's

preservation policy's inconsistency. In terms of vulnerability, this multidimensional

comparison illustrated the significance of space-function ties in the suburb and the
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inconsistencies of various policy measures, such as landscape restoration, disaster

mitigation, and livelihood preservation.

According to National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health (2019)

Extreme flooding events have occurred in Canada over the past few decades, and as a

result of climate change, the frequency and severity of these events is increasing. In

addition, Graham et al. (2019) also stated that in several areas of the world, severe

flooding has cause major damage to household, communities and organizations in many

parts of the world. Significant improvement in flood preparedness is very necessary

especially in those flood prone areas in order for them to know how to react when the

flood warning came.

Structural Measures

When considering structural flood prevention measures, it is critical to understand

the effectiveness of individual measures in terms of flood prevention impact. A variety of

structural measures may be available depending on the location and nature of the

flooding. Flood prevention measures, on the other hand, may only lessen the impact of

flooding. No amount of intervention can stop heavy rain or high tides.

According to Jocson Ph.D et al. (2021) the study discovered that: a. Cabanatuan

City is susceptible to flooding; Aduas Centro, Aduas Norte, Aduas Sur, Bagong Sikat,

Bakero, Bakod Bayan, Bantug Bulalo, Barlis, Barrera, and Balite are the barangays in

Cabanatuan that are more flood physically vulnerable. Heavy and sustained rainfall,
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clogged rivers, canals, creeks, and streams, a lack of flood-prevention infrastructure and

facilities, and a poorly implemented waste management system were all possible

contributing factors in Cabanatuan City flooding. The city government's flood prevention

and mitigation programs, such as river and land control, were moderately implemented,

whereas other mitigation steps taken by the city government were properly implemented.

There is no substantial difference in the responses of the three classes of respondents

when it comes to the Cabanatuan City government's flood prevention and mitigation

initiatives. Monthly flood workshops for proper awareness and preparation, strict

enforcement of the law, adequate cooperation with community and government officials,

and a stronger flood prevention and mitigation plan were among the recommendations for

a flood-free city.

On January 2013, a flood was caused by prolonged rainfall which caused the

Tamugan River, one of the main tributaries of the Davao River, to overflow. As a result,

at least 12 villages lining down Davao River were submerged in the flood. And more than

5,000 families or 25,000 individuals were affected by this flooding. As a result of the

ongoing rise in sea levels, Davao City's Pangi River reached new heights in June 2011.

According to reports, 29 people were killed and approximately 50,000 residents were

forced to evacuate (Francisco, 2020). The area has been stated that preventive measures

development has a significant impact. Enhancement on city drainage is preventing water

from flowing into the soil. Flood safety cannot be achieved in most vulnerable areas.

Therefore, structural measures are usually required because it seems to be a suitable

solution.
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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher presents the design of the study, research locale,

population and sample, research instrument, data collection, statistical tools and ethical

consideration.

Research Design

Descriptive research design was being employed in this study. This research is a

quantitative in nature that attempts to accumulate data regarding the effectiveness of

flood prevention measures in low-lying areas in barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas.

According to McCombes (2020), descriptive research aims to accurately and

systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what,

where, when and how questions, but not why questions.

Research Locale

The survey was conducted mainly in the most low-lying areas which are the

Purok 3 and Purok 4 in barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas in the province of Davao Del

Norte. The residents of Purok 3 was consisted of 375, while the Purok 4 was consisted of

676 residents. The total population of barangay San Miguel as determined by the 2015

Census was 3,399. Barangay San Miguel is always affected of flash floods during heavy
 26

rains came from the above portion of municipality of Sto. Tomas down to San Miguel.

As stated by Llemit (2021), the entire Municipality of Santo Tomas in Davao del Norte

has been placed under state of calamity after the town was severely affected by

widespread flood due to localized thunderstorm, displacing more than 6,500 families

particularly in barangay San Miguel which displaced (1,131) families.

BRGY. SAN MIGUEL

MAP

DAVAO DEL NORTE

MAP
MAP

PHILIPPINE MAP

Figure 1. Map showing the locale of the study area

Population and Sample

This study was limited to the two puroks of Brgy San Miguel, which have

historically been the most flooded areas. Purok 3 has a household population of 375,

while Purok 4 has a household population of 676, for a total population of 1051 to
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consider when calculating the sample size. In determining the respondents, the

researchers used simple random sampling. This sampling is a subset of a population that

will be chosen randomly. Each member of the population has an equal chance of being

selected using this sampling method.

Modified Cochran’s Formula for Smaller Populations was used in calculating the

sample size. The formula is shown below:

Where:

z = 1.65 (90% confidence level)

p = 0.50

e = 0.10 (based on the research condition)

N = 1051 (population size of the two puroks)

The calculation showed that the minimum recommended size of the survey is 64.

However, the researchers exceeded from this minimum and decided to have 71

respondents of the study to achieve more accurate results from the population.
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The table below shows the distribution of the respondents from each purok:

Table 1. Population Breakdown

AREA TOTAL POPULATION SAMPLE SIZE

Purok 3 375 25

Purok 4 676 46

Research Instrument

The researchers used a researcher-made validated questionnaire using the Likert-

Scale as an instrument in gathering data that was being distributed to the respondents

particularly in Purok 3 and Purok 4 in Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas Davao del

Norte. This instrument is composed of 40 statements that will determine the respondent’s

views and perceptions. The statistician dealt the gathered data.

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Table 2. Range and Interpretation

Range Verbal Interpretation

4.21-5.00 Always

3.41-4.20 Often

2.61-3.40 Sometimes

1.81-2.60 Rarely

1.00-1.80 Never

Data Collection

In data collection, the researchers wrote a letter to the Barangay Captain of Santo

Tomas stating the purpose of the researcher. The Barangay Captain introduced the

researchers to the Brgy, officials, BDRRMC, and local communities. The researchers

explain to them the study's goals and objectives. A survey was also conducted to answer

the questionnaire in determining the effectiveness of flood prevention measures.

Statistical Tools

To measure the level of effectiveness flood preventions in low-lying areas of Barangay

Santo Tomas to the respondents, the tool to be used:

1) Mean – to estimate the level of perception of the respondents.

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Ethical Considerations

To represent and regulate ethics in conducting this study, we the researchers

strictly observed the following:

Any private information about the respondents, such as their names or other

trivial information was not being mentioned in any part of this study. There has no verbal

violence against the respondents, and harm or abusive force to complete the

questionnaire.

Furthermore, to promote copyright laws. Appropriate document sourcing and

legal referencing of materials are being observed. The researchers explain the research

tool to the respondents to specify, and a letter was being sent to the respondents along

with the questionnaires. The researchers had get permission from the respondents before

they provide the required information and the participants also signed an inform consent.
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CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The outcome and discussion are presented in this chapter. It comprises flood

resiliency, preparedness, awareness, and structural measures. The quantitative data

gathered by the survey questionnaire is given in the form of tables, graphs, and brief

explanations. This chapter discusses the findings of these analyses.

Level of Flood Resiliency

Table 3 provides the computed mean on the level of flood resiliency in low-lying

areas in Barangay San Miguel.

Table 3. Computed Mean on the Level of Flood Resiliency

Indicators Mean VI Rank

1. Have an ability to cope in times of flood. 3.82 Often 6

2. Participating in BDRRMCs training activities. 2.13 Rarely 7

3. Being calm in times of flood. 4.48 Always 2

4. Being knowledgeable of what to do during

4.66 Always 1
flood.

5. Declogging of waterways and canals are

4.10 Often 5
maintained.

6. Immediate response to flood warnings. 4.32 Always 3

7. Have a capacity to restore the damages from 3.82 Often 6

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the impact of a flood.

8. Have an ability to resist or withstand damages

4.21 Always 4
during a flood event.

TOTAL MEAN 3.94 Often

This table presents the data collected about the flood resiliency of Barangay San

Miguel, Santo Tomas. The overall weighted mean obtained 3.94 which verbally

interpreted as often; this implies that the residents of Barangay San Miguel, are often

flood resilient

The third indicator obtained a mean of 4.48 which ranked first and verbally

interpreted as always; this means that the residents of the barangay are always calm in

times of flood. However, the second indicator got a mean of 2.13 which ranked the

lowest and verbally interpreted as rarely; this means that the residents of barangay San

Miguel are rarely participating in BDRRMCs trainings activities.

According to the results above, the residents of Barangay San Miguel still needs

to enhance their resilience for flooding. Base on their experiences, flood resilience tends

to be significant to improve its effectiveness. However, floods cannot be avoided but the

impacts on and vulnerability of the risk prone areas can be lessen by bringing flood

resiliency into practice (Schelfaut et. al, 2011).

Level of Preparedness
 33

Table 4 displays the data gathered about the disaster preparedness of Barangay

San Miguel, Santo Tomas.

Table 4 Computed Mean on the Level of Preparedness

Indicators Mean VI Rank

1. Develop community evacuation plan. 4.44 Always 6

2. Participate in disaster preparedness training. 2.62 Sometimes 10

3. The community-level warning systems are in place. 3.58 Often 8

4. The evacuation routes are available during flood. 4.69 Always 4

5. The community prepares tangible resources such as

4.85 Always 2
a boat, life vests, flashlights, and medicine packs.

6. Prepare enough clean water for 3 days. 4.86 Always 1

7. Community communication plan is present in times

4.31 Always 7
of flood event.

8. Prepare enough non-perishable food for 3 days. 4.73 Always 3

9. Encourage others to be more prepare before flood

4.59 Always 5
event.

10. Practicing the plan. 3.28 Sometimes 9

TOTAL 4.19 Often

This table presents the data collected about the preparedness of Barangay San

Miguel, Santo Tomas. The overall weighted mean obtained 4.19 which verbally
 34

interpreted as often; this implies that the residents of Barangay San Miguel, are often

prepared for the flood.

The sixth indicator shows the highest ranking that got a mean of 4.86, which

means, interpreted as always, Barangay San Miguel always prepares enough clean water

for 3 days in times of flood. Moreover, the second indicator got a mean of 2.62 and was

interpreted as sometimes; that means the residents in the barangay participate in disaster

preparedness training.

The level of preparedness was calculated to quantify residents' perceptions and to

consider their preparedness in flood situations. Base on the results above, the residents’

preparedness are not practiced and they are not prepared enough in times of flooding.

These findings can be associated by Mavhura et. al (2020) it was stated there that the

riparian communities are unprepared for flood disasters. Therefore, building capacity in

terms of preparedness should be needed for effective disaster response.

Level of Awareness

Table 5 presents the computed mean on the level of awareness in low-lying areas

of Barangay San Miguel.

 35

Table 5 Computed Mean on the Level of Awareness

Indicators Mean VI Rank

1. Education and awareness are practiced in terms of

3.72 Often 10
flood.

2. Watch TV weather forecast in the rainy season. 4.66 Always 5

3. Being informed for any abnormal weather conditions. 4.34 Always 7

4. Know how to shut off the utilities. 4.93 Always 1

5. The communities are aware of the official warning. 4.32 Always 8

6. Listen to radio weather forecast in times of rainy

4.82 Always 3
season.

7. Know the evacuation routes. 4.77 Always 4

8. Aware for being expose to flood in the community. 4.90 Always 2

9. Weather reports are being disseminated in the

4.44 Always 6
community.

10. Raising projects and activities related to disaster

4.10 Often 9
awareness and public knowledge in the community.

11. Local drills are practiced at the community level. 3.45 Often 11

TOTAL MEAN 4.40 Always

This table shows the data collected in terms of awareness in Barangay San

Miguel. The overall weighted mean obtained 4.40 which verbally interpreted as often;
 36

this means that the residents of Barangay San Miguel were more likely to be aware of

what to do with the occurrence of flood.

The fourth indicator gathered a mean of 4.93 which ranked first and verbally

interpreted as always; this means that they always know how to shut off the utilities in

times of flood. Moreover, the 11th indicator obtained a mean of 3.45 which got the lowest

ranked and verbally interpreted as often; which implies that the local drills of Barangay

Miguel, Santo Tomas are often practiced at the community level.

According to Buchecker (2015) “Informing the community inceases their risk

awareness and the residents who are aware of flood are more likely to undertake actions

to protect themselves and their property.”

Level of Structural Measures

Table 6 presents the computed mean on the level of structural measures in low-

lying areas of Barangay San Miguel.

Table 6. Computed Mean on the Level of Structural Measures

Indicators Mean VI Rank

1. Implementation of an early warning systems. 4.04 Often 10

2. Monitoring of floodways and overflow zones. 4.28 Always 5

3. Community drainages are maintained. 4.24 Always 7

4. Develop flood warning systems. 3.56 Often 1

5. Upgrade community canals. 4.06 Often 8

 37

6. Storm sewage system maintenance. 2.96 Sometimes 3

7. Community involvement in maintaining the

3.96 Often 4
drainages are exercised.

8. Proper managing preventive measures. 4.17 Often 2

9. Construct levee system. 2.56 Rarely 6

10. Improving treatments of structural measures. 3.93 Often 9

TOTAL MEAN 3.78 Often

This table shows the data collected about the awareness in Barangay San Miguel.

The overall weighted mean obtained 3.78 which verbally interpreted as often; this implies

that the structural measures of Barangay San Miguel are often practiced and not

strengthen enough for flooding.

The second indicator obtained a mean of 4.28 which ranked first and verbally

interpreted as always; this means that the flood ways and overflows in Barangay San

Miguel are always monitored. Moreover, the 9th indicator gathered a mean of 2.56 which

got the lowest ranked and verbally interpreted as rarely; this implies that their

construction of levee system are rarely not practiced.

Base on the results above, there is a need to improve their structural measures.

According to Ernst et. al (2021) in order to limit the risk of flooding, structural measures

should be strengthened. It is critical to concentrate on effective techniques for preventing

these floods from becoming disasters.

 38

Relevance and Effectiveness

Table 7 presents the computed mean on the relevancy and effectiveness of flood

prevention measures in low-lying areas of Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas.

Table 7 Computed Mean on Relevancy and Effectiveness of Flood Prevention

Measures
Indicators Mean VI

1. Flood Prevention Measures are relevant. 4.59 Strongly Agree

2. Flood prevention measures are effective. 2.59 Disagree

This table reveals the importance and effectiveness of flood prevention

measures in Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. The first indicator

obtained a mean of 4.59 where majority of the respondents are strongly agreed with the

relevancy of flood prevention measures. Moreover, the second indicator gathered a mean

of 2.59 where most of the respondents are disagree with the effectiveness of flood

prevention measures in Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas.

Significance of Flood Prevention

 39

Table 8 presents the computed mean on the relevancy of flood prevention

measures in low-lying areas of Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas.

Table 8 Frequency and Percentage in Relevancy of Flood Prevention Measures

Reasons Frequency Percentage

To prevent flood 23 32.39%

To reduce flood 13 19.72%

To drain the water 14 18.31%

Flood prone area 13 18.31%

To avoid product damages 3 7.04%

Others 5 4.23%

TOTAL 71 100%

Indicator Frequency Percentage

Drainage 56 78.87%

Canal 29 40.85%

Siren 7 9.86%

Dike 6 8.45%

Levee 6 8.45%

Others 10 14.08%

TOTAL 71 100%
 40

This table reveals the flood prevention measures that are implemented in

Barangay San Miguel where majority of the respondents said drainages with a proportion

of 78.87%. Followed by canal at 40.85%, siren at 9.86, dike at 8.45% and lastly others at

14.08% these are the culvert, flood warning signals/community level warning systems

and tangible resources needed and the local drills in our community.

Perception on Existing Flood Prevention Measures

Table 10 presents the frequency and percentage of perception on the existing

flood prevention measures in low-lying areas of Barangay San Miguel.

Table 10 Frequency and Percentage of Perception on Existing Flood Prevention

Indicator Frequency Percentage

Not effective 28 39.44%

Not so effective 8 11.27%

Not enough 11 15.49%

Effective 16 22.54%

No comment 6 8.45%

Others 2 2.82%

TOTAL 71 100%
 41

This table reveals that majority of the existing flood prevention measures in

Barangay San Miguel are not effective with a proportion of 39.44%. However, 22.54%

said that it is effective, 11.27 says not so effective and 8.45 has no comment regarding its

effectiveness. Lastly, some of the respondents observe that the other leaders are not well

responsible with a lowest percentage of 2.82%.

Suggestions of the Respondents for Effective Flood Prevention Measures

Table 11 presents the suggestions and recommendations of the

respondents for effective flood prevention measures in low-lying areas of Barangay San

Miguel.

Table 11 Suggestions and Recommendation

Suggestions Frequency Percentage

Widening and deepen the canal 10 14.08%

Add drainages and other infrastructure 10 14.08%

Improve the flood prevention measures 11 15.49%

Maintain canal clearing 3 4.23%

No comment 32 45.07%

Others 5 7.04%

TOTAL 71 100%
 42

from their past experiences and still not prepared for flood events that may rise

(Antonio et.al, 2017).

Awareness obtains the greatest mean score (4.40), which is interpreted as always,

indicating that it is the most effective of all measurements. It suggests that the people of

Barangay San Miguel were more likely to be aware of what to do in the event of a flood.

The structural measure received the lowest mean score of 3.78 and was indicated as

often. As a result, the Barangay must prioritize strengthening structural measures as one

of the top priority in decreasing flood risk.

Base on the result of every table, the residents are aware of the risks of flood in

the area; however, there is a need to improve their preparedness, resilience, and structural

measures. The exposition to flood risk and vulnerability in flood prone area will be

increasing if they will not take an action to it. Considering the effectiveness of flood

prevention, the approach to flood risk requires the development of each measures not just

only in awareness. These appropriate measures should be enhanced to be more efficient

and to prevent potential consequences of flooding particularly in the most affected areas

in Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas.

In terms of the relevance of flood prevention measures the respondents was

strongly agreed, thereby preventive measures should be taken to reduce adverse effects of

flood. Meanwhile, the respondents disagreed the effectiveness of their existing flood

prevention measures due to lack of effective drainages. There is a strong need

cooperation along with the community and the barangay officials to practice the other
 43

aspects of flood preventive measures. It is essential that the community recognise

flooding as part of their environment. Therefore, based on the necessary information the

community can recognise the possible actions and it includes the residents and the

barangay. Well-practiced preventive measures is vital in order to cope with flood risk and

it is recommend to be prepared even for the worst case. This type of flood prevention is

very relevant especially in Barangay San Miguel.

Perception on their Existing Flood Prevention Measures

The residents of Barangay San Miguel answer based on their perception and

experiences in which the flood prevention measures are particularly relevant. The

majority reason of the respondents that being gathered is to prevent flood. In addition,

drainages are highly adopted but still not effective according to the resident’s perception.

However, the efficacy of their flood prevention measures is not effective as the result of

the data gathered. This is being supported of a study conducted by Foudi et.al (2014)

where it is stated that flood-risk prevention measures are intended to lessen the negative

impact associated with floods for humans. Improving flood prevention measures reduce

the vulnerability of residents in flood prone areas. Lack of structural protections may

encourage the residents to undertake prevention measures through widening and

maintaining canal clearing.

Floods are a natural occurrence that has occurred and will continue to exist. Flood

prevention should not be limited to flood events that occur often (UN/ECE, 2000).
 44

However, flood prevention is never absolute, especially in the case of Barangay San

Miguel, some places lack adequate flood prevention measure such as drainages, canals,

levees, and dike. Furthermore, inhabitants of Barangay San Miguel should be urged to

employ flood prevention measures in order to lessen the danger of flooding. Moreover, in

areas that are mostly affected by the flood, developing flood resilient, preparedness, and

awareness should be prioritize.

Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter contains the summary, conclusion, and recommendation of the study.

Summary

In summary, Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte is vulnerable

to flooding where the effectiveness of flood prevention measures was assessed. It had a

total of 71 respondents, the data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and

was handled using the mean.

 45

The researcher first analyzed their perception about the level of flood resiliency

and was measured, after that the researcher gathered their level of preparedness.

Moreover, the level of awareness of resident’s perceptions was assessed as well as the

level of structural measures.

Based on the results, the residents are aware of the flood risk in the area; however,

there must be an improvement of preparedness, resilience, and structural measures. These

appropriate measures should be enhanced to be more efficient and to prevent possible

effects of flooding particularly in the most affected areas.

Barangay San Miguel, Santo Tomas is a flood-prone area and this research

revealed that effectiveness of flood prevention measures is significant in terms of flood

resiliency, preparedness, awareness and structural measures.

Conclusion

Due to the susceptibility of Barangay San Miguel, preventative measures should

be taken to mitigate the negative consequences of flooding, which may be accomplished

by upgrading flood protection measures. However, flood prevention is never absolute,

especially in the case of Barangay San Miguel, some places lack of adequate flood

prevention measures such as drainages, canals, levees, and dike. In addition, the residents

of flood prone area should response in effective manner. Furthermore, in flood-prone

areas, developing flood resilience, readiness, and awareness should be prioritized.

 46

In conclusion, the findings of this study are suggested and analysed in light of the

need of having efficient flood protection measures, which is supported by the Theory of

Urban Resilience for Floods (Liao, 2012).

Recommendation

The following are the researchers' recommendations:

 Development of flood prevention measures in Barangay San Miguel, Santo

Tomas.

 The authorized personnel should have a stable financial for adding drainages;

Deep excavation and widening of drainages.

 Strong coordination of higher-level LGUs, as well as the installation of flood-

protection infrastructure. Drainage channel desilting or declogging.

 Construct houses/buildings above flood level.

 The residents should also play the role in the community with the barangay to

lessen the effects of flood.

 47

References:

ABS-CBN (2021). Flooding hits Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte. Retrieved from

https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/multimedia/photo/04/11/21/flooding-hits-santo-tomas-

davao-del-norte?fbclid=IwAR2kyK

rE2v2DTatQeNeX0R_gFh2Udi9vK12nln7MixAQ2bw3zc-6F1gVbk

Cayamanda, K. J., & Lopez, M. (2018). Community Resilience to Urban Flooding. A

Case Study of the 2011 Flash Flood in Matina, Davao City, Southern Philippines.

Retrieved from https://www.rcrc-

resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Paper13.pdf
 48

Elevation Map for Localities (2021). Retrieved from https://elevationmap.net/san-

miguel-santo-tomas-davao-del-norte-ph-1001553134

Engr. Jocson, J., Ph.D.a., Engr. Florencondia, N., Ph.D.b., Engr. Subia, G., Ph.D

(2021). Flood Prevention and Mitigation Initiatives towards a Flood-Free City. American

Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS).

Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/235050871.pdf

Gajunera, P. (2021). Davao del Norte town under state of calamity due to floods. CNN

Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.cnnphilippines.com/regional/2021/2/18/davao-

del-norte-town-flood-state-of-calamity.html

Gaynor, A. L., & Sevilleno, C. (2018). A Predictive Modeling of Urban Flooding

Implemented in a Mobile Application. Matina, Davao City Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330713338.

Gutierrez, J. (2020). Devastating Floods Submerge the Philippines. Tuguegarao City,

Cagayan Province. Retrieved from

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/18/world/asia/philippines-floods-photos.html

Laurien, F., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Keating, A., Czajkowski, J., (2020). A Typology

of Community Flood Resilience. An article of Regional Environmental Change.

Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01593-x

 49

Llemit, R. (2021). Flood displaces families in Sto. Tomas. SunStar Davao. Retrieved

from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1886356/Davao/Local-News/Flood-displaces-

6500-families-in-Sto-Tomas

Mondino, E., Scolobig, A., Borga, M.,Di Baldassarre, G., (2020). The Role of

Experience and Different Sources of Knowledge in Shaping Flood Risk Awareness.

Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082130

NCSL (2019). Flood Mitigation. Retrieve from

https://www.ncsl.org/research/environment-and-natural-resources/flood-mitigation.aspx

Nguyen, C. D., Ubukata, F., Nguyen, Q. T., Vo, H. H. (2020). Long-Term

Improvement in Precautions for Flood Risk Mitigation. A Case Study in the Low-Lying

Area of Central Vietnam. Retrieved from

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13753-020-00326-2.pdf

Osberghaus, D., & Hinrichs, H., (2020). The Effectiveness of a Large Flood Risk

Awareness Campaign: Evidence from Two Panel Data Sets. Retrieved from

https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13601

Soclobig, A., De Marchi, B. & Borga, M., (2012). The Missing Link Between Flood

Risk Awareness and Preparedness: Findings from case studies in an Alpine Region.

Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0161-1

 50

Harvey, L., (2004-21). Analytic Quality Glossary, Quality Research International.

Retrieve from  http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/

Liao, K., (2012). A theory on urban resilience to floods—a basis for alternative planning

practices. Ecology and Society. Retrieve from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26269244?

seq=1&cid=pdf

Cuya-Antonio, O.C and Antionio H.D.P (2017). Effectiveness of the Barangay Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Committees (BDRRMCs) in Flood-Prone Barangayas

in Cabanatuan City, Philippines. Open Access Library Journal. Retrieve from

https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103635

Foudi, S., Oses-Eraso, N., Tamayo, I., (2014). Integrated spatial flood risk assessment:

The case of Zaragoza. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.08.002

UN/ECE (2003). Best Practices on Flood Prevention, Protection and Mitigation.

Retrievedfrom

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/flood_risk/pdf/flooding_bestpractice.pdf

RA. No. 10121 (2010). Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act (RA 10121)

Retrieve from https://climate-laws.org/geographies/philippines/laws/philippine-disaster-

reduction-and-management-act-ra-10121.

UNDRR (2020-21). Structutal and Non-Structutal Measures. Retrieved from

https://www.undrr.org/terminology/structural-and-non-structural-measures
 51

Cambridge Dictionary (2021). Awareness. Retrieved from

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/awareness

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Low-lying. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved

November 23, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/low-lying

GEMET (2021). Flood Prevention. Retrieved from

https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/15172

McCombes, S., (2020) Descriptive Research. Retrieved from

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/

Water Law (2017). Flood definition and types. Retrieved from

https://www.powodz.gov.pl/en/flood-definition-and-types

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Republic of the Philippines

Davao del Norte State College
Institute of Leadership, Entrepreneurship
and Good Governance
A.Y. 2021-2022

September 20, 2021

Hon. TITO A. MISSION

 52

Brgy. Captain, Brgy. San Miguel

Municipality of Sto. Tomas
Province of Davao del Norte

Dear Sir:

We are fourth-year students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Disaster Resiliency

and Management program at Davao del Norte State College. We are currently conducting
a study entitled "EFFECTIVENESS OF FLOOD PREVENTION MEASURES IN
BARANGAY SAN MIGUEL, SANTO TOMAS, DAVAO DEL NORTE".

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the level of resilience and residents' perceptions
of existing flood prevention measures, particularly in Purok 3 and 4.

In light of this, may we request permission from your good office to conduct a survey in
your barangay. This may include randomly selected residents in Purok 3 and 4, which
have historically been the most affected by flooding.

Rest assured that all information collected from your barangay will be treated with the
utmost confidentiality and will be used solely for this purpose.

Your positive response to this request will make a significant contribution to the study's
success and will be greatly appreciated.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,

KHARINE ROMBAOA JEZELLE JOY BONJIBON JENNY MORALES

Researcher Researcher Researcher

Noted by: Approved by:

 53

JEROWEN C. LICAYAN Hon. TITO A. MISSION

Research Adviser Barangay Captain

APPENDIX B

Republic of the Philippines

Davao del Norte State College
Institute of Leadership, Entrepreneurship
and Good Governance
A.Y. 2021-2022

The questionnaire is in five parts: Flood resiliency, Preparedness, Awareness, Structural

measures and added questions for the last part.

I. Directions: Kindly give applicable answers and place a check mark to the box
provided after each statement.
 54

5 – Always 4 – Often 3 – Sometimes 2 - Rarely 1 – Never

II. FLOOD RESILIENCY

Area of Statement 5 4 3 2 1
Have an ability to cope in times of flood.
(Naay abilidad na makarecover panahon sa baha.)

Participating in BDRRMCs training activities.

(Naga-apil sa mga BDRRMC’s trainings.)

Being calm in times of flood. (Kalmado panahon sa baha.)

Being knowledgeable of what to do during flood.

(Naay kaalam sa dapat buhaton panahon sa baha.)

Declogging of waterways and canals are maintained.

(Nagapanghinlo sa mga baradong kanal.)

Immediate response to flood warnings.

(Abitk na pagresponde sa mga flood warnings.)

Have a capacity to restore the damages from the impact of a

flood.
(Naay kapasidad na mabalik ang mga naguba na butang
nga epekto sa baha.)

Have an ability to resist or withstand damages during a flood

event.
 55

(Naay abilidad na masuklan o maagwanta ang mga epekto

sa baha.)

III. PREPAREDNESS

Area of Statement 5 4 3 2 1
Develop community evacuation plan.
(Paghimo og plano sa pagbakwit sa komunidad.)

Participate in disaster preparedness training.

(Pag apil sa mga trainings sa pag-andam sa pagbaha.)

The community-level warning systems are in place.

(Naa sa tamang lugar ang community-level warning
system.)

The evacuation routes are available during flood.

(Ang mga ruta sa pagbakwit kay magamit panahon sa
baha.)

The community prepares tangible resources such as a

boat, life vests, flashlights, and medicine packs.

(Ang komunidad kay nag-andam ug mga resources sama

sa boats, life vest, flash lights, ug medicine packs.)

Prepare enough clean water for 3 days.

(Pagpangandam ug limpyo nga tubig para sa tulo ka
adlaw.)
 56

Community communication plan is present in times of flood

event.
(Ang plano sa komunikasyon sa komunidad naa panahon
sa pagbaha.)

Prepare enough non-perishable food for 3 days.

(Pagpangandam sa sakto ug dili mapan-os nga pagkaon
sulod sa tulo ka adlaw.)

Encourage others to be more prepare before flood event.

(Naga-awhag sa uban na mangandam sa wala pa ang
baha.)

Practicing the plan.

(Pagpraktis sa plano.)

IV. AWARENESS

Area of Statement 5 4 3 2 1
Education and awareness are practiced in terms of flood.
(Napraktis ang pagtudlo ug kahibalo mahitungod sa baha.)

Watch TV weather forecast in the rainy season.

(Pagtan-aw sa t.v weather forecast panahon sa ting-ulan.)

Being informed for any abnormal weather conditions.

(Pagpahibalo sa komunidad mahitungod sa bisan unsang
 57

dili normal nga kahimtang sa panahon.)

Know how to shut off the utilities.

(Kahibalo unsaon pag off sa kagamitan.)

The communities are aware of the official warning.

(Ang komunidad nakahibalo sa opisyal na pasidaan.)

Listen to radio weather forecast in times of rainy season.

(Pagpaminaw sa radio weather forecast panahon sa ting-
ulan.)

Know the evacuation routes. (Kahibalo sa ruta sa

pagbakwit.)

Aware for being expose to flood in the community.

(Kabalo nga bahaunon ang lugar.)

Weather reports are being disseminated in the community.

(Ang balita mahitungod sa panahon ginapahibalo sa
komunidad.)

Raising projects and activities related to disaster

awareness and public knowledge in the community.

(Pagpataas sa mga proyekto sa kalihokan nga adunay

kalabotan sa katalagman ug kahibalo sa publiko sa
komunidad.)

Local drills are practiced at the community level.

(Ang mga local nga drills gihimo sa lebel sa komunidad.)
 58

V. STRUCTURAL MEASURES

Area of Statement 5 4 3 2 1
Implementation of an early warning systems.
(Pagpatuman sa early warning system.)

Monitoring of floodways and overflow zones.

(Pag-monitor sa mga agi-anan ug overflow zones.)

Community drainages are maintained.

(Pag-maintain sa mga kanal.)
Develop flood warning systems.
(Pagpalambo sa flood warning systems.)

Upgrade community canals.

(Pag-upgrade sa mga kanal sa komunidad.)

Storm sewage system maintenance.

(Pagmintinar sa storm sewage system.)

Community involvement in maintaining the drainages are

exercised.
(Pag-praktis sa komunidad nga adunay kalabutan sa
pagmintinar sa mga kanal.)

Proper managing preventive measures.

(Husto nga pagdumalo nga mga lakang sa paglikay sa
baha.)
 59

Construct levee system.

(Pagtukod sa mga levee systems.)

Improving treatments of structural measures.

(Pagpalambo sa mga istraktura para sa pagbaha.)

VI. Please read the following questions and encircle the best describe your
experience.

1. Flood Prevention Measures are relevant.

a) Strongly Disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly Agree

2. Briefly explain your response to the previous question.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. State the existing flood prevention measures that was being implemented in your
barangay.________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. Is flood prevention measures are effective?

a) Strongly Disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly Agree
 60

5. In your own opinion, what can you say about your existing flood prevention
measures?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

6. Do you have any recommendations or suggestions that can help prevent the
flood?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX D

Curriculum Vitae

KHARINE PECOLADOS ROMBAOA

Purok 3 Apokon, Tagum City, Davao del Norte

Email address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 21 Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic Mother’s Name: Marivic Rombaoa

Civil status: Single Father’s Name: Danilo Rombaoa

Date of Birth: June 25, 2000

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EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Pagsabangan Elementary School 2011-2012

Barangay Pagsabangan Tagum City

Tagum National Trade School 2017-2018

Apokon Tagum City

Davao del Norte State College 2021-2022

New Visayas, Panabo City
Curriculum Vitae

JEZELLE JOY MONTAJES BONJIBON

San Miguel, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Email address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 23 Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Baptist Mother’s Name: Alma Bonjibon

Civil status: Single Father’s Name: Joel Bonjibon

Date of Birth: March 21, 1998

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EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Angel Villarica Central School 2011-2012

Barangay Miranda Babak, Island Garden City of Samal

Nieves Villarica National High School 2014-2015

Barangay Villarica Babak, Isaland Garden City of Samal

Davao del Norte State College 2021-2022

New Visayas, Panabo City

Curriculum Vitae

JENNY PELENIOS MORALES

Purok 7-A Brgy. San Francisco, Panabo City Davao del Norte

Email address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 23 Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic Mother’s Name: Cristina Morales

Civil status: Single Father’s Name: Jovencio Morales

Date of Birth: April 12, 1998

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EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Panabo Central Elementray School 2011-2012

Panabo City

Panabo National High School 2014-2015

Panabo City

Davao del Norte State College 2021-2022

New Visayas, Panabo City