Module 1 ThemeParks Coursebook

Chapters.
1 Getting Your Tickets p. 03
2 Packages and Extras p. 23
3 Getting to the Park p. 40
4 Rides and Attractions p. 60
5 Conveniences p. 78
6 Fun for Kids p. 96
7 Shopping p. 112
Arquivo Interativo.
8 Mealtime
Interações no menu ao
lado, topo e base das p. 128
páginas, e nas indicações
do Grammar Guide no
9 Grammar Guide
final de cada lesson.
p. 142
Getting Your
Tickets.
Chapter 1 Video Script Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
Part 1.
Traveling is always a fantastic thing. Going to parks and rides are even better. In
this chapter, you will see differences among admission tickets to theme parks,
how to buy tickets online, and possible interactions when buying tickets at the
box office. You will also see some important vocabulary and language items to
make that happen.
Now look at the script of Getting Your Tickets.
GE TTING YOUR TICKE TS
[At Universal Orlando]

Callie
You have dreamt about coming to an American theme park for your
entire life, and it’s finally here! Or maybe it’s not your first time in the
U.S., or even at an American theme park, but you’ve dreamt about
coming back again and again!
We won’t be disappointed! American theme parks are designed to

exceed your expectations, whether it’s your first, second, or hundredth
time here. Now, if you are a theme park enthusiast, Orlando is your
paradise on Earth! They have several amazing theme parks, and if I were
you, I would want to visit them all while I’m here!
So, to make the most of your experience, it’s always advisable to plan
ahead, and that starts with getting tickets! But first, we have to choose
what park we actually want to go to! Orlando doesn’t have isolated
parks, but instead, large complexes of parks. So, take the Universal
Orlando, where we are right now. Their complex features three amazing
parks! Universal Studios Florida, Universal’s Islands of Adventure, and
their water theme park Universal’s Volcano Bay! And I definitely want
to visit them all! And in this case, it’s actually cheaper to get a ticket that
gives us access to all three parks rather than getting a single ticket for
each individual park. So, let’s go!
[Near the box office]

Callie:
Alright, let’s go over some of your options. You can purchase your
tickets based on the following criteria: First and foremost, how many
< voltar para o índice

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days do you want to spend at each park complex? A single-day ticket

is obviously only valid for one day, but you can also purchase two- or
three-day tickets. And the good news is that if you buy a ticket that’s
valid for more than one day, the average price you’ll pay per day starts
to drop. Another thing to keep in mind is how many parks you’ll be given
access to with your ticket. So, let’s take Universal Orlando Resort, for
example, you can buy tickets that give you access to one, two, or all
three parks! Last but not least, is whether or not you’re going to be given
park-to-park access, right? So, that means can we move from one park
to the other on the same day.
Now, all of these factors are going to affect the final cost of your ticket,
but if you’re planning on visiting the entire complex, maybe even for
more than one day, you’re definitely going to want to plan ahead and
find the best cost to benefit ratio. Now, when it comes to buying your
tickets, you can always get them right here at the box office on the same
day of your trip. But if you buy them ahead of time, you’ll get the chance
to evaluate your options and probably get a better deal. For example,
you could get a two-day pass that gives you your third day free. Now,
those are all seasonal deals, but you can always find something pretty
good online. So, planning ahead definitely saves you a couple of bucks!
But remember, and this is super, super, super important: only buy your
ticket from the authorized official site or an authorized reseller. Don’t go
for any of those magical deals that offer you a price that’s way lower
than the official one because there’s no magic out there! All the magic is
in here, let’s go!
COMPRANDO SEUS INGRESSOS
[No Universal Orlando]

Callie:
Você sonhou visitar um parque temático americano a sua vida toda, e
agora é a hora! Ou talvez essa não seja sua primeira vez nos EUA, nem
em um parque temático americano, mas você sonhou voltar mais vezes!
Não vamos ficar decepcionados! Parques temáticos americanos são

feitos para superar suas expectativas, seja a sua primeira, segunda ou
centésima vez aqui. Se você é fã de parques temáticos, Orlando é o seu
paraíso na Terra! Há vários parques temáticos incríveis, e se eu fosse
você, iria querer visitar todos enquanto estivesse aqui!

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Para você aproveitar ao máximo a sua experiência, é sempre aconselhável

planejar antecipadamente, e isso começa com a compra dos ingressos!
Mas antes temos que escolher que parque queremos visitar! Orlando
não possui parques isolados, mas grandes complexos de parques. Por
exemplo, o Universal Orlando, onde estamos agora. O complexo deles
conta com três parques incríveis! Universal Studios Florida, Universal’s
Islands of Adventure e o parque aquático Universal’s Volcano Bay! E eu
certamente quero visitar todos eles! Neste caso, é mais barato comprar
um ingresso que dá acesso aos três parques, em vez de comprar um
ingresso individual para cada parque. Então vamos lá!
[Perto da bilheteria]
Callie:
Certo, vejamos algumas das suas opções. Você pode comprar seus
ingressos com base nos seguintes critérios: Antes de tudo, quantos dias
você quer passar em cada parque? Um ingresso de um dia é obviamente
válido para apenas um dia, mas você também pode comprar ingressos
para dois ou três dias. A boa notícia é que se você comprar um ingresso
válido para mais de um dia, a média de preço por dia cai. Outra coisa
para se pensar é a quantos parques você terá acesso com seu ingresso.
Por exemplo, no Universal Orlando Resort você pode comprar ingressos
que dão acesso a um, dois ou a todos os três parques! Por último, e
não menos importante, é se você terá acesso park-to-park, certo? Isso
significa que podemos ir de um parque a outro no mesmo dia.
Todos esses fatores vão afetar o preço final do seu ingresso, mas se você
estiver planejando visitar o complexo inteiro, talvez até por mais de um
dia, você certamente vai querer planejar com antecedência e encontrar
o melhor custo-benefício. Em se tratando de comprar ingressos, você
sempre pode achá-los aqui na bilheteria no mesmo dia da sua visita. Mas
se você os comprar com antecedência, terá a oportunidade de avaliar
suas opções e provavelmente conseguir uma oferta melhor. Por exemplo,
você pode conseguir um ingresso de dois dias que oferece o terceiro
dia de graça. Todas essas ofertas são sazonais, mas você sempre pode
achar algo muito bom on-line. Planejar com antecedência certamente
economiza uma grana!
Mas lembre-se, e isso é super, super, superimportante: somente compre

seus ingressos no site oficial ou de revendas autorizadas. Não caia nessas
ofertas mágicas que oferecem um preço muito mais baixo do que o oficial,
porque não existe oferta mágica! Toda a magia está aqui, vamos lá!

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Part 2.
Before talking about the kinds of tickets from which we can choose, let’s check out the
difference between the following words:
Park Amusement park Theme park

Parque Parque de diversões Parque temático
A park is a place where you go to relax, read books or practice sports. An amusement park is a
big outdoor area with games of chance and rides, such as:
RIDES
Ferris wheel Bumper cars

Roda-gigante Carrinho bate-bate

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And theme parks are amusement parks with a theme, just like Universal and Disney.
If you are planning your trip, go online to get good prices and great offers.
If you are traveling to Orlando, consider that the city has many theme parks. In fact, those parks
are huge complexes.
UNIVERSAL ORL ANDO RESORT
The Universal Orlando Resort includes three theme parks: Universal Studios Florida,
Universal’s Islands of Adventure, and Universal’s Volcano Bay, which is a water park. This
complex also includes some hotels, bars, and restaurants. This area is called CityWalk.
The Walt Disney World Resort is pretty similar.
WALT DISNE Y WORLD RESORT
And the parks are: Magic Kingdom, Epcot Center, Disney’s

Hollywood Studios, and Disney’s Animal Kingdom. It also includes
two water parks, which are called: Disney’s Typhoon Lagoon and
Disney’s Blizzard Beach. And, just like Universal, Disney also offers
hotels and an entertainment area called Disney Springs.
There are other parks besides these. When buying tickets, it is
essential to know to which parks you are going.
There usually are three options for tickets:

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OPTIONS OF TICKE TS
Single-day ticket Multi-day ticket

Ingresso para um dia Ingresso para vários dias
Multi-park admission ticket

Annual ticket
Ingresso para vários parques no
Ingresso anual
mesmo dia
The most expensive ticket is the single-day ticket. To choose the best ticket for
you, take into consideration your:
Availability Budget
Disponibilidade Orçamento
Here are the basic steps to buy tickets online:
Click on the Tickets link.

1
Clique no link Tickets.
Find Admission Tickets.

2
Encontre a opção Admission Tickets.
Choose if the ticket is for a child or an adult.

3
Escolha se o ingresso é para criança ou para adulto.
Consider adding the multi-park experience: park-to-park or

4
park-hopper.
Pense se vale a pena adicionar a experiência de vários parques no
mesmo dia: park-to-park ou park-hopper.
Choose the number of days and the number of tickets you want.
5
Escolha o número de dias e o número de ingressos que você quer.

9
When you are done selecting the options that best fit your trip, finish the
purchase of your tickets. Depending on the website, this can appear under
different names, such as:
FINISHING THE PURCHASE
Check out Buy tickets

Finalizar a compra Comprar ingressos
Purchase tickets Go to cart

Comprar ingressos Ir para o carrinho
If you are not sure about the kind of ticket you want, don’t buy them
online in advance, because these are non-refundable. That means
you are not going to have your money back.
In this case, it is best to buy your tickets when you get to the park.
Look for a:
Ticket window, Ticket office, Box office

Bilheteria
When you get to the ticket office, the clerk will probably greet you. He or she can say:
Good morning! Hi. How are you?

Bom dia! Oi. Como você está?
Hello. What can I do for you today?

Olá. O que eu posso fazer por você hoje?

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Remember that when you go to theme parks, you will find an

informal environment, but it is still advisable to be polite. If you
want to ask for tickets, just say:
I’d like to buy an admission ticket, please.

Eu gostaria de comprar uma entrada, por favor.
Can I have a one-day ticket, please?

Você pode me dar um ingresso para um dia, por favor?
How much is the one-day admission ticket?

Quanto é a entrada para um dia?
The clerk is probably going to check if you want a one-day ticket or

another kind. So they can ask:
Would you like a one-day ticket?

Você gostaria de ingresso para apenas um dia?
Would you like a multi-day ticket?

Você gostaria de um ingresso para vários dias?
How many days would you like to visit the parks?

Por quantos dias você gostaria de visitar os parques?
They can also ask you if you want to visit just one park or more than one park on
the same day. So they can say:
Would you like a single-park ticket or a park-to-park ticket?

Você gostaria de um ingresso para um parque ou para mais de
um parque no mesmo dia?
Would you like a park-hopper ticket?

Você gostaria de um ingresso tipo park-hopper?

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If you want to check the advantages of the ticket you are buying, you can ask:
What are the benefits of a park-to-park ticket?

Quais são as vantagens de um ingresso park-to-park?
What are the benefits of a three-day ticket?

Quais são as vantagens de um ingresso para três dias?
After you clear your questions, the clerk might ask you the number
of tickets you would like. They can do that by asking:
How many tickets would you like to buy today?

Quantos ingressos você gostaria de comprar hoje?
Or they might ask:
How many people are in your party?

Tem quantas pessoas no seu grupo?
To answer that question, you just say the number of people that
are with you. Remember that the tickets are individual and non-
transferable.
If your party includes children, their tickets are cheaper depending
on their age. Since it is not a rule, you should double-check that
before buying their tickets.
Let’s suppose you are traveling with your spouse and two kids, you
can say:
I need two adult tickets and two child tickets.

Eu preciso de dois ingressos de adulto e dois de criança.

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And the clerk might ask:
How old are the children?

Quantos anos têm as crianças?
To which you can answer, for example:
They are 7 and 9 years old.

Elas têm 7 e 9 anos de idade.
After telling them the kids’ ages, they will be able to inform you if
any discounts apply.
Now you know the differences among admission tickets to theme parks, how to buy
tickets online, and possible interactions when buying tickets at the box office.

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Part 3.
Activities
A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
( 1 ) Children ( 7 ) Cart ( 5 ) Entrada (11) Parque de diversões
( 2 ) Today ( 8 ) Theme park (6 ) Comprar ( 3 ) Ingressos
( 3 ) Tickets ( 9 ) Budget (9 ) Orçamento (7 ) Carrinho
( 4 ) People ( 10 ) Single-day ticket (8 ) Parque temático (1 ) Crianças
( 5 ) Admission ( 11 ) Amusement park (2 ) Hoje ( 4 ) Pessoas
( 6 ) To purchase/buy ( 12 ) Multi-day ticket (10) Ingresso para um dia ( 12) Ingresso para vários
dias
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s) according to the translation.
a) How many tickets would you like to buy

today ?
Quantos ingressos você gostaria de comprar hoje?
b) Hello/Hi . What can I do for you today?
f. benefits/advantages
Olá. O que eu posso fazer por você hoje?
d. children/kids
c) I need two adult tickets and two child tickets.

e. party
Eu preciso de dois ingressos de adulto e dois de criança.

Activity B – Answers
d) How old are the children ?

c. adult; child
Quantos anos têm as crianças?

b. Hello/Hi
a. today
e) How many people are in your party ?

Tem quantas pessoas no seu grupo?
Activity A – Answers
11 / 3 / 7 / 1 / 4 / 12
5 / 6 / 9 / 8 / 2 / 10 /
f) What are the

benefits/advantages of a park-to-park ticket?
Quais são as vantagens de um ingresso park-to-park?

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Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn how to use the verb to be in the present and to
make descriptions.
Let’s start with the most common topic of all: the verb to be. Here is the
conjugation in the present. Take a look:
SIMPLE PRESENT – VERB TO BE

Affirmative Form
I am – I’m it is – it’s
eu sou/estou isso é/está
you are – you’re we are – we’re

você é/está nós somos/estamos
he is – he’s you are – you’re

ele é/está vocês são/estão
she is – she’s they are – they’re

ela é/está eles/elas são/estão
Note that you can use the contracted and the full form. In spoken English, the
contracted form is more commonly used.
In the negative form, we just have to add not right after the conjugated verb.
That way, you will have three different forms of using the verb to be in the
negative form: the complete form without contractions; the form in which the
subject pronoun is contracted with the verb followed by not; and the form in
which the verb is contracted with not. Check them out:

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Negative Form
I am not – I’m not it is not – it’s not – it isn’t

eu não sou/estou isso não é/está
you are not – you’re not – you aren’t we are not – we’re not – we aren’t
você não é/está nós não somos/estamos
he is not – he’s not – he isn’t you are – you’re not – you aren’t
ele não é/está vocês não são/estão
she is not – she’s not – she isn’t they are not – they’re not – they aren’t
ela não é/está eles/elas não são/estão
And in the interrogative form, we just have to place the verb before the subject.
Like this:

Interrogative Form
Am I? Is it?
Eu sou/estou? Isso é/está?
Are you? Are we?

Você é/está? Nós somos/estamos?
Is he? Are you?

Ele é/está? Vocês são/estão?
Is she? Are they?

Ela é/está? Eles/Elas são/estão?

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It can assume different meanings depending on the context. We use the verb to
be to talk about:
USES OF THE VERB TO BE
Location
She is at the theme park.
Ela está no parque temático.
Age
My son is 2 years old.
Meu filho tem 2 anos de idade.
Description
Buying your ticket in advance is a great deal.
Comprar seu ingresso com antecedência é um ótimo negócio.
Look at the last example: deal is a noun, while great is an adjective.

Nouns are words used to name things, people, and animals. Let’s check some examples of nouns:
NOUNS
Ticket Park People

Ingresso Parque Pessoas

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These nouns are called common nouns. They can refer to people, objects,
animals, places, feelings, and general ideas, that is, non-specific ideas. On the
other hand, proper nouns are the ones we use to name specific places, people,
and animals. For example:
COMMON NOUNS AND PROPER NOUNS
Man common noun used to refer to a person that identifies his

gender as male
Homem substantivo comum usado para se referir a uma pessoa que
identifica seu gênero como masculino
John proper noun used to name a specific man

John substantivo próprio usado para nomear um homem específico
Common nouns can vary in number, which means they can either be in the
singular or plural form.
Most plurals in English are formed by adding -S to the end of the word. For example:
COMMON NOUNS
Singular Regular plural (+ -S)
Ticket / Ingresso Tickets / Ingressos

Park / Parque Parks / Parques
Benefit / Benefício, Vantagem Benefits / Benefícios, Vantagens
But there are some nouns whose plural form is considered irregular. Let’s see
some common ones:
COMMON NOUNS
Singular Irregular plural

Person / Pessoa People / Pessoas
Child / Criança Children / Crianças
Man / Homem Men / Homens
Woman / Mulher Women / Mulheres

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Some nouns can also be compound, that is, formed by more than one radical.
Check out some examples:
COMPOUND NOUNS
Theme park Amusement park

Parque temático Parque de diversões
In order to describe or characterize nouns, we will use adjectives.

They add character to the noun and can be used in two different
positions in the sentence.
One of them, and the most common one, is before the noun. Take a
look at an example:
ADJE CTIVE + NOUN
Universal Studios is a fantastic theme park.

O Universal Studios é um parque temático fantástico.
O Universal Studios é um fantástico parque temático.
Here, the adjective is fantastic, and it qualifies the compound noun theme park.
Now, if we start the sentence with the noun theme park, we will add the verb
right after that, so the adjective is going to be placed after the noun. Check it out:
NOUN + VERB + ADJE CTIVE
The theme park is fantastic.

O parque temático é fantástico.

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As you can see, the verb to be is between the compound noun

theme park and the adjective fantastic.
It is important to know that adjectives in English have no variation
of number or gender; that is, they don’t have a feminine/masculine
form, nor plural. Check it out:
NOUN + VERB + ADJE CTIVE
Theme parks are fantastic.

Parques temáticos são fantásticos.
In this case, the compound noun theme parks is in the plural, but
the adjective fantastic remains the same.
And there are also compound adjectives. A compound adjective is

a single adjective formed by more than one word, often connected
with a hyphen. Check them out:
COMPOUND ADJE CTIVES + NOUNS
One-day ticket
Ingresso para um dia
Multi-day ticket
Ingresso para vários dias
Park-to-park ticket
Ingresso de um parque para outro

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In the previous examples, we can see three types of compound adjectives qualifying the noun ticket.
We can also use the verb to be to form descriptive sentences with compound adjectives. For instance:
COMPOUND ADJE CTIVES AND VERB TO BE
The park-to-park ticket is a good option to visit many parks at once.

O ingresso de um parque para outro é uma boa opção para visitar muitos parques de uma vez só.
This is a one-day ticket.

Esse é um ingresso para um dia.
What are the benefits of a three-day ticket?

Quais são as vantagens de um ingresso para três dias?
Even though the verb to be is used to make descriptions, bear in mind that adjectives—either
compound or not—may also appear in sentences with other types of main verb.
In this chapter, you’ve learned how to use the verb to be in the

present and to make descriptions. If you want to learn more
about these topics, you can refer to the Grammar Guide section
at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Adjectives Page 143 w

Compound Words Page 154 w
Nouns Page 198 w
Simple Present – Verb To Be Page 266 w

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Part 5.
Activities
A. Write the plural form of the following nouns.
a) Park parks e) Theme park theme parks

b) Person people f) Benefit benefits
c) Man men g) Woman women
d) Ticket tickets h) Child children
B. Fill in the blanks with the missing form of the verb to be and the complement of the
following sentences (article, if necessary, adjective, and noun).
a) Universal Studios is a fantastic theme park .

O Universal Studios é um parque temático fantástico.
b) Theme parks are fantastic .

Parques temáticos são fantásticos.
c) This is a one-day ticket .

Esse é um ingresso para um dia.
d) The park-to-park ticket is a good option to visit many parks at once.

O ingresso de um parque para outro é uma boa opção para visitar muitos parques de uma vez só.
e) The theme park is fantastic .

O parque temático é fantástico.
f) Buying your ticket in advance is a great deal .

Comprar seu ingresso com antecedência é um ótimo negócio.
h. children
g. women
f. is a great deal f. benefits
e. is fantastic e. theme parks
d. is a good option d. tickets
c. is a one-day ticket c. men
b. are fantastic b. people
a. is a fantastic theme park a. parks
Activity B – Answers Activity A – Answers

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Packages
and Extras.
Part 1.
In the first chapter, you learned about the types of tickets you can buy and how
to buy them, both online and at the ticket booth. Now, you will learn how to add
extras to your tickets and see some important language items.
Now look at the script of Packages and Extras.
PACKAGES AND EXTRAS
[At the Islands of Adventure entrance]

Callie
OK, so, we’ve already talked about the basics of what you need to do
before you buy your ticket. But, did you know that you can bundle your
admission ticket with other types of tickets? Oh, yes! You can add on
extras to your purchase, and they can be a huge benefit to you during
your travel time. Let’s talk about a few of them!
The first one I want to mention is the express pass! An express pass
allows riders to skip lines at major attractions and rides at the park.
Universal Orlando offers two types of passes to its guests: The first
is the Universal Express Pass Unlimited. This one allows you to skip
the regular lines an unlimited number of times at participating rides
at Universal Studios and Universal’s Islands of Adventure. Now, the
second one is the Universal Express Pass, and that allows you to skip
the regular lines one time per participating ride at Universal Studios and
Universal’s Islands of Adventure. And you can always buy your express
pass once you get to the park on the day of your visit, but remember, as
we discussed, if you do it ahead of time, you’ll probably end up getting
some better deals and saving some money. You can also increase your
cost-benefit ratio when you bundle your admission ticket with your
express ticket. Now, guys, I’m not going to lie: The express ticket can
get a little expensive, but, depending on the time of the year you come,
the lines can get so long that it can end up being really, really worth it.
Should we go see the works?
Oh, another thing you can do is check out the vacation packages that
they have available. A vacation package is pretty cool because it can

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include accommodation at a Universal hotel and admission to all three

parks! Now, this is really awesome, so listen up! If you are a guest at a
Universal hotel, you will be granted access to the park one hour before
it actually opens! You can visit one of the theme parks and some of the
rides, all while everyone else is still waiting to get in! Pretty cool, huh?
There are also some other perks that you can bundle with your
admission ticket, like a photo package. And that includes every family
photo that you take in the park the entire time you’re here! Or a VIP
experience, which gives you backstage exclusive access, and you’ll get
to ride all of the amazing rides and attractions without ever waiting in
line! Now, that can come at a price, but as we’ve discussed, planning
ahead and balancing your cost-benefit ratio can really help you figure
out what’s the right choice for you.
Alright, guys, that’s it, I’ve given you a bunch of choices, so now go
home and think about which one is the right one for you and your travel
schedule and budget!
PACOTES E ADICIONAIS
[Na entrada do Islands of Adventure]

Callie:
Ok, já falamos sobre o mínimo que você precisa fazer antes de comprar
seu ingresso. Mas você sabia que pode agrupar a sua entrada a outros
tipos de ingresso? Sim! Você pode adicionar extras à sua compra, e eles
podem ser de grande valia durante sua viagem. Vamos ver alguns deles!
O primeiro do qual quero falar é o passe expresso! O passe expresso

permite que você evite filas nas maiores atrações e brinquedos do
parque. O Universal Orlando oferece dois tipos para seus visitantes:
O primeiro é o passe expresso Universal Unlimited. Esse permite que
você evite filas comuns um número ilimitado de vezes em atrações
participantes no Universal Studios e no Universal’s Islands of Adventure!
O segundo é o passe expresso Universal, que permite que você evite
filas comuns uma vez por brinquedo e por visita no Universal Studios
e no Universal’s Islands of Adventure. Você sempre pode comprar
seu passe expresso quando chegar ao parque no dia da visita, mas
lembre-se de que, como já mencionamos, se você fizer isso de antemão,

25
provavelmente vai conseguir ofertas melhores e poupar dinheiro. Você

também pode aumentar seu custo-benefício ao agrupar a entrada e
um passe expresso. Pessoal, não vou mentir para vocês: os passes
expressos podem ser um pouco caros, mas dependendo da época que
você vier, as filas podem ser tão longas que ele pode acabar valendo
muito, muito a pena. Vamos dar uma conferida em tudo?
Ah, outra coisa que você pode fazer é conferir os pacotes de

férias disponíveis. Um pacote de férias é legal porque pode incluir
hospedagem em um hotel da Universal e entradas para os três parques.
Isso é incrível, então preste atenção! Se você se hospedar em um hotel
da Universal, terá acesso a um parque uma hora antes de ele abrir! Você
pode visitar um dos parques e alguns dos brinquedos enquanto todo
mundo ainda estiver esperando para entrar! Bem legal, não é?
Também há alguns outros benefícios que você pode agrupar à sua

entrada, como um pacote de fotos. E ele inclui todas as fotos em
família que você tirar no parque durante a visita! Ou uma experiência
VIP, que dá acesso exclusivo aos bastidores, e você poderá entrar em
todas as atrações e brinquedos incríveis sem ter que esperar na fila!
É claro que isso tem um preço, mas como já mencionamos, planejar
com antecedência e equilibrar seu custo-benefício podem te ajudar a
descobrir qual é a melhor opção para você.
Muito bem, pessoal, é isso. Eu mostrei diversas opções, agora vocês

podem ir para casa e pensar qual é a melhor para vocês e para sua
programação e orçamento!

26
Part 2.
When buying tickets online, you have two options concerning dates:
ONLINE TICKE TS
Fixed dates Flexible dates

Datas fixas Datas flexíveis
Here is an extra you can bundle to your ticket:
Express pass / Fast pass

Passe expresso / Passe rápido
It allows you to take an exclusive line for most attractions, and you
can skip the regular lines.
You can get that:
WHERE TO GE T THE EXPRESS PASS
Online
At the ticket office

Na bilheteria
At the stores in the park

Nas lojas do parque
At the customer service stand

No balcão de atendimento ao cliente

27
In order to request it, you can say:
I would like to purchase an express pass, please.

Eu gostaria de comprar um passe expresso, por favor.
What are the participating attractions?

Quais são as atrações incluídas?
How much is the adult express pass?

Quanto é o passe expresso para adultos?
Does this attraction have an express-pass-holder exclusive line?

Esta atração tem uma fila exclusiva para portadores do passe expresso?
Where is the express line?

Onde fica a fila expressa?
Bear in mind that the express pass is individual.

Another extra you can bundle to your ticket is the VIP experience. It includes:
VIP EXPERIENCE
Unlimited access to every attraction The right to skip every line

Acesso ilimitado a todas as atrações Direito a pular todas as filas
Access to shows Snacks during the day

Acesso aos shows Lanches durante o dia

28
You can save money by bundling a dining plan to your ticket. At

Universal Orlando Resort, for example, you can get a plan with:
UNIVERSAL DINING PL AN
Unlimited soft drinks

Bebidas não alcoólicas ilimitadas
Dinner A snack
Jantar Um lanche
When you buy these packages in advance, you can get them up to 50% cheaper
than the price on the day of your visit.
In most parks, you will have pictures taken in almost every ride. You can buy
individual pictures or bundle a photo package with your ticket to save some money.
To verify this information, you can ask:
PHOTO PACKAGE
How much is the photo? Is there a photo package?

Quanto custa a foto? Tem um pacote de fotos?
How much is the photo package?

Quanto custa o pacote de fotos?
Can I bundle a photo package to my ticket?

Posso juntar um pacote de fotos ao meu ingresso?

29
You can also consider a hotel package, which is sometimes called

vacation package. Some of the benefits are:
BENEFITS OF THE VACATION PACKAGE
Complimentary express passes

Passes expressos gratuitos
Complimentary transportation to the parks

Transporte gratuito para os parques
Early access to the parks

Acesso antes da abertura dos portões dos parques
To know more about the hotel package, you can ask:
Do you offer vacation packages with tickets and accommodation?

Vocês oferecem pacotes de férias com ingressos e acomodação?
What does the hotel package include?

O que o pacote do hotel inclui?
What are the benefits of the vacation package?

Quais são as vantagens do pacote de férias?
Now you know all about the extras you can bundle to your ticket, the
benefits they provide, and possible interactions when choosing an extra.

30
Part 3.
Activities
( 1 ) Skip lines ( 7 ) Express line (4 ) Atrações incluídas (2 ) Acomodação/

Hospedagem
( 2 ) Accommodation ( 8 ) Package ( 8 ) Pacote
(10) Férias
( 3 ) Fixed dates ( 9 ) Complimentary (6 ) Lanches
( 3 ) Datas fixas
( 4 ) Participating ( 10 ) Vacation ( 11) Datas flexíveis
attractions (12) Juntar/Adicionar
( 11 ) Flexible dates (9 ) Gratuito
( 5 ) Express pass (7 ) F
ila expressa
( 12 ) B
undle ( 5 ) Passe expresso
( 6 ) Snacks ( 1 ) Pular filas
a) How much is the photo package
d. participating attractions
?
Quanto custa o pacote de fotos?
b) Do you offer vacation packages with tickets and e. benefits

accommodation ? f. bundle
Vocês oferecem pacotes de férias com ingressos e acomodação?
b. tickets; accommodation
c) I would like to purchase an express pass , please.


a. photo package
c. express pass
participating attractions
d) What are the ?
Quais são as atrações incluídas?
e) What are the benefits/advantages of the vacation package?

4 / 8 / 6 / 11 / 9 / 5 / 2 /
Quais são as vantagens do pacote de férias?

10 / 3 / 12 / 7 / 1
f) Can I bundle a photo package to my ticket?


31
Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn how to use the simple present, ask questions with
the question word what, and to make requests.
Let’s start with the question word what. It is used to ask questions about things
and situations with any verb you want. Take a look at the example:
WHAT AND VERB TO BE
What are the participating attractions in the express pass?

Quais são as atrações incluídas no passe expresso?
In this case, we have the verb to be, so we start the question with what
and invert the verb with the subject. Since we are asking about the included
attractions, in the plural, it is expected that the corresponding verb will be in the
plural form as well.
But it is also possible to use what with the verb to be in the singular. Check it out:
WHAT AND VERB TO BE
What is your favorite theme park?

Qual é o seu parque temático favorito?
In this case, we are referring to one favorite theme park, in the singular. That’s
why the verb to be is also in the singular.
The question word what can also be used in sentences with other verbs, not
only the verb to be. Have a look at the example:

32
WHAT AND OTHER VERBS
What does the hotel package include?

O que o pacote do hotel inclui?
The main verb here is include, and it is in the simple present. To ask questions in
the simple present, we will generally need the auxiliary verb do. In this case, the
subject of the sentence is hotel package, which is equivalent to the third person
singular. That’s why the auxiliary verb must be conjugated, becoming does.
In the last chapter, you’ve seen how the simple present works with the verb to
be. Now, let’s see how it works with the other verbs.
The first thing we need to know is the general structure of the sentences in the
simple present. Check it out:
SIMPLE PRESENT – OTHER VERBS
Affirmative Form
Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Negative Form
Subject + Do + Not (Don’t) + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Do + Not (Don’t) + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Interrogative Form
Do + Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Do + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento

33
This general structure applies to all the verbs in the simple present, except
for the verb to be. The only aspect to vary is the conjugation, depending on the
subject. The simple present allows two possible forms of conjugation.
The first one is for the subjects I, you, we and they. In these cases, the verb
remains the same in the affirmative form; that is, its conjugation is just like its
base form.
Let’s take the verb like as an example. In the affirmative form, we will have the
following conjugation:

Affirmative Form
I like you like

eu gosto vocês gostam
you like we like

você gosta nós gostamos
they like
eles/elas gostam
Now, in the third person singular, that is, when the subject is he, she, or it, there
is a change in the conjugation of the verb. Observe: We add -S, -ES, or -IES,
depending on how the verb ends in its base form. But this is basically a spelling
change.
Now, let’s see the verb like conjugated in the third person singular:

Affirmative Form
he likes she likes it likes

ele gosta ela gosta ele/ela gosta
In this case, we added -S to the verb like, and it became likes.

In the negative and interrogative forms, the auxiliary verb do is the one that is modified by conjugation rules.
In the third person singular, do is conjugated by adding -ES, then turning into does. As for the main verb, it
will be kept in its base form.
Let’s use the verb like as an example again. In the negative form, we have:

34

Negative Form
I don’t like we don’t like

eu não gosto nós não gostamos
you don’t like you don’t like

você não gosta vocês não gostam
he/she/it doesn’t like they don’t like

ele/ela não gosta eles/elas não gostam
Notice that in the negative form, we add the auxiliary verb do plus not before
the main verb, which remains the same as in the base form in all conjugations.
Observe that the contracted form is don’t. In the third person singular, the
auxiliary turns into does. In its contracted form, does not becomes doesn’t.
Now, let’s see the conjugation in the interrogative form:

Interrogative Form
Do I like...? Do we like...?
Eu gosto...? Nós gostamos...?
Do you like...? Do you like...?

Você gosta...? Vocês gostam…?
Does he/she/it like…? Do they like...?

Ele/ela gosta...? Eles/Elas gostam…?
Notice that the auxiliary verb goes before the subject. For the third person singular, we use does. Again, the
main verb remains the same as its base form for all persons.
The simple present is used to talk about facts, routines, and habits. It is one of the most common verb forms
in everyday English, so it is essential to know how to use it.
Modal verbs are also very much used in the English language. The general structure of the modal verbs
follows the same rules, regardless of the modal verb we use.

35
In the affirmative form, it will always be:
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal + Complemento
One of the most common modal verbs is would. It is used to make requests,
especially when it is combined with the main verb like. Take a look at an example:
WOULD LIKE
Polite Requests
I would like (I’d like) to purchase an express pass, please.

I would like (I’d like) to bundle a photo package to my ticket, please.

Eu gostaria de adicionar um pacote de fotos ao meu ingresso, por favor.
Notice that both examples convey the idea that you want something, but when
you use would like, it sounds like a polite request. Since we usually make
requests for ourselves, the most common construction is I would like. In spoken
English, the contracted form I’d like will be more frequently used.
In the case of would, a request is made in the affirmative form. However, some
modal verbs will have to be used in the interrogative form to make requests or
ask for something.
Observe the general structure of the modal verbs in the interrogative form:
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento

36
As you can see, to make the interrogative form, you will invert the modal verb with the subject.
Check out this example with the modal verb Can:
CAN
Making Requests
Can I bundle a photo package to my ticket?

Eu tenho a possibilidade de juntar um pacote de fotos ao meu ingresso?
I’m an express-pass holder. Can I use the exclusive line?

Eu sou portador do passe expresso. Eu posso usar a fila exclusiva?
Eu sou portador do passe expresso. Eu tenho a possibilidade de usar a fila exclusiva?
Can we use the exclusive line?

Nós podemos usar a fila exclusiva?
Nós temos a possibilidade de usar a fila exclusiva?
That is a very common way of asking for something. And, as we usually ask for
things for ourselves, can I or can we are the most common conjugations in this
context.
You can also ask someone to do something for you. In that case, the most
common thing is to say can you. Let’s take a closer look at this situation:
CAN
Ask someone to do something
I’m an express-pass holder. Can you let me in through the express line?
Eu sou portador do passe expresso. Você pode me deixar entrar pela fila
expressa?
Eu sou portador do passe expresso. Tem possibilidade de você me deixar
entrar pela fila expressa?
As you can see, the question with can you follows the general structure of the
modal verbs in the interrogative form.

37
In this chapter, you have seen the modal verbs would and can,
the question word what, as well as the simple present of other
verbs. If you want to learn more about these topics, you can
refer to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Modal Verb Can Page 181 w

Modal Verb Would Page 195 w
Question Word What Page 229 w
Simple Present – Other Verbs Page 260 w

38
Part 5.
Activities
A. Complete the table with the correct conjugation of the verb to like.
Subject Pronoun Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I / you / we / they a) like b) don't like c) Do I/you/we/they like?
He / she / it d) likes e) doesn't like f) Does he/she/it like?
B. Complete with the correct subject and modal verb according to the translation.
a) I would like/I'd like to purchase an express pass, please.

b) Can I bundle a photo package to my ticket?

c) I’m an express-pass holder. Can I use the exclusive line?

Eu sou portador do passe expresso. Eu posso usar a fila exclusiva?
d) I would like/I'd like to bundle a photo package to my ticket, please.

Eu gostaria de adicionar um pacote de fotos ao meu ingresso, por favor.
e) Can we use the exclusive line?

Nós podemos usar a fila exclusiva?
f) I’m an express-pass holder. Can you let me in through the express line?
Eu sou portador do passe expresso. Tem possibilidade de você me deixar entrar pela fila expressa?
f. Can you c. Can I f. Does he, she, it like? c. Do I, you, we, they like?
e. Can we b. Can I e. does not (doesn’t) like b. do not (don’t) like
d. I would (I’d) like a. I would (I’d) like d. likes a. like

39
Getting to
the Park.
Part 1.
In this chapter, we are going to cover how to get to the park. You will see the
transportation options available to you and how to talk about plans and make
predictions.
Now look at the script of Getting to the Park.
GE TTING TO THE PARK
[At the parking entrance]

Callie
So, you’ve analyzed your budget and your schedule, and you have
chosen the most appropriate ticket or package for yourself. You have
your tickets, and I know you’re so excited to get inside the park! And so
am I! But first, let me walk you through how to actually get there, or how
to get here, to Universal Orlando!
So, the first thing that’s going to come to your mind is to drive to the
park, and that’s totally a good option! All of Orlando’s theme parks offer
ample parking for all of their guests, but it’s not free. Orlando offers three
different sections of parking, and that’s regular parking, prime parking,
and valet parking. And now, the parking spot that you choose will
determine what kind of fee you pay.
Now let’s talk about a few very precious tips. Number 1: since parking
lots can be huge, it’s a really good idea to take a picture of your parking
section and keep that on your phone. Another golden tip? Keep your
actual parking receipt with you throughout the day; that way, if for any
reason you need to leave the park and come back, you’ll only have to
pay for parking once.
[At the guest pick-up/drop-off area]

Callie:
Another great option is using a cab or a ridesharing service to get to
the park. That way, you don’t have to worry about parking, and the
designated pick-up and drop-off area is actually really close to the park
entrance! Now, depending on how many people you’re coming with or

41
how far away you’re staying from the park, a cab or even ridesharing
can still be kind of expensive. In those situations, you want to check with
your hotel’s front desk to see if they have a shuttle service or van that
goes to the park. A lot of them do, and a lot of them charge per person,
so it ends up being worth it. There are even some hotels that offer free
shuttle service to the park, so definitely check on that before you book
your transportation.
You know what, guys? We have seen a lot of the outside, and I’m really
excited for what is on the inside, so let’s go!
CHE GANDO AO PARQUE
[Na entrada do estacionamento]

Callie:
Então, você analisou seu orçamento, sua programação e escolheu o
melhor pacote ou ingresso para você. Você tem ingressos e sei que
está empolgado para entrar no parque! Eu também estou! Mas primeiro,
deixa eu te mostrar como chegar lá, ou melhor, como chegar aqui no
Universal Orlando!
A primeira coisa na qual você vai pensar é dirigir até o parque, e essa
é mesmo uma boa opção! Todos os parques temáticos em Orlando
oferecem estacionamentos amplos para seus visitantes, mas eles não
são de graça. Orlando oferece três tipos diferentes de estacionamento:
convencional, premium e com manobrista. E a vaga que você escolher
vai determinar quanto terá que pagar.
Agora vamos falar sobre algumas dicas bem valiosas. Número 1: já que
estacionamentos podem ser enormes, é uma boa ideia tirar uma foto
do setor onde você estacionou e mantê-la no seu celular. Outra dica
valiosa? Tenha o recibo do estacionamento à mão durante o dia todo,
assim, caso precise sair e retornar ao parque, você só terá que pagar
pelo estacionamento uma única vez.

42
[Na área de embarque e desembarque de visitantes]

Callie:
Outra ótima opção é ir de táxi ou usar serviço de carona compartilhada
até o parque. Dessa forma, você não precisa se preocupar com
estacionamento, e a área determinada para embarque e desembarque
é bem próxima à entrada do parque! Agora, dependendo de quantas
pessoas estiverem com você, ou da distância entre o seu hotel e o
parque, um táxi ou carona compartilhada ainda podem ser meio caros.
Nesses casos, verifique com a recepção do seu hotel se eles têm
algum serviço de traslado até o parque. Muitos hotéis oferecem esse
serviço e cobram por pessoa, então acaba valendo a pena. Alguns
hotéis oferecem esse serviço até de graça, então verifique isso antes de
agendar transporte.
Quer saber, pessoal? Já vimos muito do lado de fora, e eu estou muito

empolgada com o que está do lado de dentro, então vamos lá!

43
Part 2.
The most common transportation options to get to the park are:
TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS
Car Shuttle van Shuttle bus

Carro Traslado/Transfer de van Traslado/Transfer de ônibus
Taxi/Cab Ridesharing service

Táxi Serviço de transporte por aplicativo

44
If you choose to go by car, you have to consider that:
You’ll have to park your car.

Você terá que estacionar o seu carro.
Park can be an action (a verb) and a place (a noun). Check it out:
To park Park
Estacionar Parque
Amusement park Theme park

Parque de diversões Parque temático
Take a look at some sentences with the word park. All of them refer to a place:
I’m going to the park. I’m going to an amusement park.

Eu estou indo ao parque. Eu estou indo a um parque de diversões.
I’m going to a theme park.

Eu estou indo a um parque temático.

45
Now, let’s use park as a verb:
Where are you going to park? I’ll park near the main entrance.
Onde você vai estacionar? Eu vou estacionar perto da entrada principal.
And you will park your car at a:
Parking lot
Estacionamento
Parking lot is a noun. Let’s see it in a sentence:
You park at a parking lot.

Você estaciona num estacionamento.
If you are driving to the theme park, you have to pay a fee that is going to vary
according to the kind of parking you choose. The options are:
PARKING OPTIONS
General/Regular parking Premium parking

Estacionamento comum Estacionamento premium
Valet parking
Estacionamento com manobrista

46
Check out some details about them:
General or regular parking is the cheapest option, but it’s away from the park entrance.
O estacionamento comum é a opção mais barata, mas é longe da entrada do parque.
Premium parking is closer to the park entrance, but it’s more expensive than general parking.
O estacionamento premium é mais perto da entrada, mas é mais caro do que o estacionamento comum.
Valet parking is the most expensive one.

O estacionamento com manobrista é o mais caro de todos.
If you want to save some money, a good tip is to verify if the hotel offers
complimentary transportation to the parks. You can ask at the hotel front desk:
Does the hotel provide a shuttle service to theme parks?

O hotel oferece um serviço de traslado/transfer para os parques temáticos?
How does the shuttle service work?

Como funciona o serviço de traslado/transfer?
And if you want to know if these services are charged or complimentary, just ask:
Is there a complimentary shuttle service to the theme parks?

Tem um serviço de traslado/transfer de cortesia para os parques temáticos?
How much is the shuttle per person?

Quanto é o traslado/transfer por pessoa?
Do I have to pay in advance?

Eu tenho que pagar adiantado?

47
To learn more about the shuttle schedule, just ask at the front desk:
What is the shuttle schedule?

Quais são os horários do traslado/transfer?
What time does the shuttle van pick up guests here?

A que horas a van vem buscar os hóspedes aqui?
Shuttles will drop you at designated pick-up and drop-off areas,

which are usually close to the theme park entrance.
Pick-up area / Drop-off area

Área de embarque / Área de desembarque
There are some downsides to these services, such as:
The shuttle may stop at several hotels to pick up passengers, so it may

take a while to get to the park.
O traslado pode parar em vários hotéis para pegar passageiros, então pode
levar um tempo para chegar até o parque.
They charge per person. If you are in a group, this is not likely to be the
cheapest option.
Eles cobram por pessoa. Se você estiver em um grupo, é provável que essa
não seja a opção mais barata.

48
In this case, it is probably cheaper to use a ridesharing service or to take a cab.

If you decide to use a ridesharing service, use an international app and follow the same steps
that you would in your home country.
If you prefer taking a cab, you may ask the hotel receptionist to book a taxi for you:
Could you book a taxi for me for tomorrow, please?

Você poderia agendar um táxi para mim para amanhã, por favor?
I would like to book a taxi for tomorrow morning, please.

Eu gostaria de agendar um táxi para amanhã de manhã, por favor.
To ask about the price of the ride in advance, you can say:
Do you know how much a cab ride from here to [your destination] is?
Você sabe quanto fica uma corrida de táxi daqui até [seu destino]?
What is the average taxi fare from here to [your destination]?

Qual é a tarifa média de um táxi daqui até [seu destino]?
When you are in the cab, you can also ask questions to the cabby or taxi driver.
You can inform them of your destination by saying:
Can you take me to [your destination], please? How much do I owe you?
Você pode me levar até [seu destino], por favor? Quanto eu te devo?
I would like to go to [your destination], please. How much is the ride?

Eu gostaria de ir para [seu destino], por favor. Quanto é a corrida?

49
In the U.S., you should tip the cab driver around 15%
of the fare. To do so, you can say:
Keep the change.

Fique com o troco.
Take 30 dollars, please.

Tire 30 dólares, por favor.
Give me US$20 back.

Me devolva US$20.
Now you know about the transportation options to the

parks, how to get informed about shuttle services, and
possible interactions with the taxi driver.

50
Part 3.
Activities
( 1 ) Change ( 7 ) To book a taxi (5 ) Serviço de transporte ( 8 ) Área de desembarque

por aplicativo
( 2 ) Cab ride ( 8 ) Drop-off area ( 4 ) Estacionamento
(12) Estacionar o carro
( 3 ) Pick-up area ( 9 ) Shuttle service ( 6 ) Horário
( 7 ) Agendar um táxi
( 4 ) Parking lot ( 10 ) Cab (1 ) Troco
( 11) Parque temático
( 5 ) Ridesharing ( 11 ) Theme park ( 10) Táxi
service ( 9 ) Serviço de traslado
( 12 ) To park the car ( 3 ) Área de embarque
( 6 ) Schedule ( 2 ) Corrida de táxi
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word according to the translation.
a) Could you to book a taxi for me for tomorrow, please?

Você poderia agendar um táxi para mim para amanhã, por favor?
b) How much is the shuttle per person?

Quanto é o traslado/transfer por pessoa? e. complimentary
f. in advance
c) What is the shuttle schedule ?

d. guests
Quais são os horários do transfer?

d) What time does the shuttle van pick up guests here?

A que horas a van vem buscar os hóspedes aqui?
c. schedule
b. shuttle
a. book
e) Is there a complimentary shuttle service to the theme parks?

Tem um serviço de traslado de cortesia para os parques temáticos?
5 / 12 / 7 / 11 / 9 / 2 / 8 /
f) Do I have to pay in advance ?

4 / 6 / 1 / 10 / 3
Eu tenho que pagar adiantado?

51
Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn different ways to refer to future events and how to
ask about price.
The most natural way to talk about future situations is using will. As for its
structure, it is the same as that of the modal verbs:
WILL
Affirmative Form
Subject + Will + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Verbo Principal + Complemento
The conjugation is going be the same for all persons, that is, you only
use will and the main verb in the base form. Check it out:
WILL
Affirmative Form
I will (I’ll) park near the main entrance.

Eu vou estacionar perto da entrada principal.
In everyday spoken English, we can use will contracted with the subject.
In the negative form, we add not right after will, in the full form. So, the general
structure will be:
WILL
Negative Form
Subject + Will + Not (Won’t) + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento

52
For example:
WILL
Negative Form
I will not (won’t) park near the main entrance.

Eu não vou estacionar perto da entrada principal.
Notice that the contracted form is won’t.

And, last but not least, to make the interrogative form, we just invert will and the
subject. The rest of the sentence remains the same. Take a look:
WILL
Interrogative Form
Will + Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Will + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
For example:
WILL
Interrogative Form
Will you park near the main entrance?

Você vai parar perto da entrada principal?
Even though it is the most natural way of speaking of future events,

it is important to mention that will conveys an idea of willingness
to the verb. This means that it implies a will or intentionality for
something to happen.

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That’s why it is also very much used to make predictions based on

our opinion or feeling. For instance:
WILL
Predictions based on opinion
Anna: I’m going to the United States in April.

Eu vou para os Estados Unidos em abril.
Peter: Oh, you’ll just love it there!

Ah, você vai amar!
In other contexts, when we choose will to refer to future events, we convey an

idea of immediate decision as opposed to a plan. That is, at the moment we are
speaking, an urge to do something emerges.
For example, let’s suppose you are at a theme park, and then you suddenly feel like
grabbing a bite. So you could say:
WILL
Immediate decision
I’m hungry. I’ll have a sandwich before going to the next attraction.
Estou com fome. Vou comer um sanduíche antes de ir para a próxima atração.
As you can see, having something to eat was not part of a plan. It was an immediate
decision.
Will is not the only way to refer to the future. There are other verb forms that we can
use to do that with some differences concerning use and structure.
One of these verb forms is the present continuous. It can be used to refer to actions
in progress in the present. For example:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Temporary situation in the present
We are staying at a hotel near the theme parks.

Nós estamos ficando em um hotel perto dos parques temáticos.

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It can also be used to refer to planned actions; that is, actions supposed to take
place in the future. Take a look:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Plans
We are taking the shuttle to the park tomorrow morning.

Nós vamos pegar o traslado para o parque amanhã de manhã.
Take a look at the differences and uses of will and the present continuous:
WILL VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Will Present Continuous
Immediate decisions Plans

Decisões imediatas Planos
Predictions based on opinion Actions in progress in the present

Previsões baseadas em opinião Ações em curso no presente
In addition to the differences related to use, the examples you have just seen
make it obvious that the structures of these verb forms are not the same either.
While will obeys the rules of modal verbs, the present continuous has the verb to
be as an auxiliary verb.
Let’s take a look at the general structure:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Form
Subject + Verb To Be + Main Verb (-ING) + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + Verbo Principal (-ING) + Complemento

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Negative Form
Subject + Verb To Be + Not + Main Verb (-ING) + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + Not + Verbo Principal (-ING) + Complemento
Interrogative Form
Verb To Be + Subject + Main Verb (-ING) + Complement

Verbo To Be + Sujeito + Verbo Principal (-ING) + Complemento
As you can see, we simply follow the rules of the verb to be to make the three forms. Notice that
the main verb remains with -ING in all forms.
There is yet another structure used to refer to future events that is often mixed up with the
present continuous: be + going to + verb. Many people tend to think they are the same
because of the -ING connected to the verb go. But, in fact, they are two different structures that
also differ in use.
First of all, we can’t use be + going to + verb to talk about actions in progress in the present.
This structure is specifically used to refer to planned actions, which implies that you expect
them to happen. Take a look at the example:
BE + GOING TO + VERB
Plans
Our budget is tight. We are going to take the free shuttle to the parks.
Nosso orçamento é apertado. Nós vamos pegar o traslado gratuito para os parques.
In spoken English, going to is usually contracted into gonna. Have a look:
Plans
We’re gonna take the free shuttle to the parks.

Nós vamos pegar o traslado gratuito para os parques.

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Another use of the structure be + going to + verb is when you want to talk about
something that you are quite sure will happen because your prediction is based
on evidence. For instance:
Prediction based on evidence
We can’t go to the water park today. Look at the sky!

Não podemos ir ao parque aquático hoje. Olha pro céu!
It’s going to rain cats and dogs. / It’s gonna rain cats and dogs.
Vai chover canivete!
Notice that the contraction gonna is also possible in this context.

Now, let’s have a look at the general structure:
Affirmative Form
Subject + Be + Going to (gonna) + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Be + Going to (gonna) + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Negative Form
Subject + Be + Not + Going to (gonna) + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Be + Not + Going to (gonna) + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Interrogative Form
Be + Subject + Going to (gonna) + Main Verb + Complement

Be + Sujeito + Going to (gonna) + Verbo Principal + Complemento

57
This structure seems to extend the sentences. That happens because you need to use the main
verb in it. Going to is simply an expression that implies a plan. The main action will depend on
the actual verb.
Check out the comparative board, adding the structure be + going to + verb to it:
Will Present Continuous
Immediate decisions Plans

Decisões imediatas Planos
Predictions based on opinion Actions in progress in the present

Previsões baseadas em opinião Ações em curso no presente
Be + Going to + Verb
Emphasis on plans Predictions based on evidence

Ênfase em planos Previsões baseadas em evidências
In this chapter, you have seen the structures used to talk about the future:
will, the present continuous, and be + going to + verb. If you want to learn
more about these topics, you can refer to the Grammar Guide section at the
end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Be + Going To Page 146 w

Contractions of Verbs Page 162 w
Present Continuous Page 214 w
Will Page 274 w

58
Part 5.
Activities
A. Number ( 1 ) for will, ( 2 ) for the present continuous, and ( 3 ) for be + going to + verb according to
the use of the future in English.
( 2 ) Plans (1 ) Immediate decisions
( 1 ) Predictions based on opinion (2 ) Actions in progress in the present
(3 ) Predictions based on evidence
B. Complete the sentences according to the translation.
a) I’m hungry. I will/I'll eat/have a sandwich before going to the next attraction.
Estou com fome. Vou comer um sanduíche antes de ir para a próxima atração.
b) Our budget is tight. We

are going to take the free shuttle to the parks.
Nosso orçamento é apertado. Nós vamos pegar o traslado gratuito para os parques.
c) Oh, you will/you'll love it there!

Ah, você vai amar!
d) We are /We're taking the shuttle to the park tomorrow morning.

Nós vamos pegar o traslado para o parque amanhã de manhã.
e) I am/I'm going to the United States in April.

Eu vou para os Estados Unidos em abril.
is going to/gonna rain

f) We can’t go to the water park today. Look at the sky! It cats and dogs.
Não podemos ir ao parque aquático hoje. Olha pro céu! Vai chover canivete!
f. is (’s) going to rain

e. am (’m) going / am (’m) going to go ( 2 ) Actions in progress in the present
d. are (’re) going to take / are (’re) taking ( 1 ) Immediate decisions
c. will (’ll) love ( 3 ) Predictions based on evidence
b. are (’re) going to take / are (’re) taking ( 1 ) Predictions based on opinion
a. will (’ll) have / will (’ll) eat (2/3) Plans

59
Rides and
Attractions.
Part 1.
In this chapter, you will see the rides and attractions you may find at parks. You
will also learn some important vocabulary and language items to help you out
when wandering around and having fun at the parks.
Now look at the script of Rides and Attractions.
RIDES AND ATTRACTIONS
Callie
Here we are, guys! We did it! We’re here! We are at Universal Studios
Florida, and it looks amazing! I mean, take a look around! Everywhere
you look there is fun to be had, and, of course, you don’t want to waste
any time. You want to get right to those rides and attractions, and you’re
not wrong, but to get the most out of your day, there are a few things
you need to know about rides and attractions. And I’m going to tell you,
so follow me, and then we’ll get to all the good stuff!
[Beside a height requirement sign]

Callie:
At Universal Orlando Resort, there are rides for the entire family! But if
you are traveling with children, keep in mind they may not be able to ride
every ride. This is because Universal attractions often have a minimum
height requirement. The minimum height requirement to ride without
a companion is 48 inches or roughly 1.22 meters. Now, each attraction
will specify the minimum height requirement for children, and usually,
there’ll be a device that you can measure your kids by it to see if the ride
is enough for them! Universal Orlando’s official website will also list all of
the height requirements for each individual ride. But if you are traveling
with kids, it’s a good idea to look up this information ahead of time.
[Trying a test seat]

Callie:
And, guys, one other thing that they have at most attractions is a test
seat. And this is good not just for kids; adults can also test out this seat
and see if this ride is suitable for them. I think it’s suitable for me! Ooh,
I’m nervous already!

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[Near an attraction entrance]

Callie:
Now, if you’ve read all the warning signs and you’re good to go, the last
thing to do is to check on your wait time. Now, the regular line wait time
is posted at the entrance of each attraction, but don’t forget: Remember
I said that the express pass might be a little expensive but depending on
the time of year you come it can be a real lifesaver?
I think we’re ready to go, but…we can’t ride with this stuff. We’ve got to
do something with it!
BRINQUEDOS E ATRAÇÕES
Callie:
Aqui estamos, pessoal! Conseguimos! Estamos aqui! Estamos no
Universal Studios Florida, e parece fantástico! Olhem em volta! Para
qualquer lugar que olhamos, tem algo divertido para se fazer, e é claro
que você não quer perder tempo! Você quer ir direto para os brinquedos
e atrações, e não está errado, mas para aproveitar o dia ao máximo, há
algumas coisas que você precisa saber sobre os brinquedos e atrações. E
eu vou contar, então sigam-me para ficar por dentro de tudo!
[Ao lado de um aviso de restrição de altura]

Callie:
No Universal Orlando Resort, tem atrações para a família toda! Mas
se você está viajando com crianças, lembre-se de que talvez elas não
possam andar em todos os brinquedos. Isso é porque as atrações
na Universal geralmente possuem um requisito de altura mínima. A
altura mínima para andar em um brinquedo sem acompanhante é 48
polegadas, aproximadamente 1,22 metro. Cada atração determina a
altura mínima para crianças, e normalmente haverá um dispositivo que
você pode usar para medir seus filhos para verificar se eles atendem
ao requisito! O site oficial do Universal Orlando também lista todos os
requisitos de altura para cada brinquedo. Mas se você está viajando com

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crianças, é uma boa pesquisar isso previamente.
[Experimentando um assento de teste]

Callie:
Outra coisa que eles têm na maioria das atrações é um assento de
teste. Ele não serve somente para crianças; adultos também podem
experimentar para saber se a atração é adequada para eles. Acho que é
adequada para mim! Já estou nervosa!
[Perto da entrada de uma atração]

Callie:
Se você leu todas as placas de aviso e está pronto para ir, a última coisa
a fazer é verificar o tempo de espera. O tempo médio de espera aparece
na entrada de cada atração, mas não esqueça: lembra que eu disse que
o passe expresso pode ser um pouco caro, mas que, dependendo da
época que você vier, pode ser uma mão na roda?
Acho que estamos prontos, mas... não podemos entrar com essas
coisas. Temos que guardar isso em algum lugar!

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Part 2.
Ride can have different meanings depending on the context. Let’s check out some possibilities:
How much is the ride?

Quanto é a corrida?
How much do I owe you for the ride?

Quanto eu te devo pela corrida?
This word is also used in the following expression:
Ridesharing service
Serviço de transporte por aplicativo
The previous examples are related to the context of paying for transportation.
But it is also possible to use it to refer to being transported somewhere, even without having to pay:
Can you give me a ride to work today?

Você pode me dar uma carona para o trabalho hoje?
Get in the car. I’ll give you a ride.

Entre no carro. Eu vou te dar uma carona.

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And if you decide to drive around the city with a friend, you can say:
Do you want to take a ride around the city later?

Você quer dar uma volta pela cidade mais tarde?
Let’s take a ride and talk.

Vamos dar uma volta e conversar.
The word ride has different meanings, and they will

depend on the context. Check it out:
RIDE – DIFFERENT MEANINGS
Ride
Corrida
Carona
Um passeio
Uma volta
All these contexts describe movement from one place to the other. That’s why ride is used to describe the
route you take when you go to an attraction at a park.
Now let’s check out the most traditional rides we can find at an amusement park or a theme park:
RIDES AT AMUSEMENT PARKS
Roller coaster Ferris wheel Carousel

Montanha-russa Roda-gigante Carrossel

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And at theme parks, you will see the following ones:
RIDES AT THEME PARKS
Simulators Wet rides

Simuladores Brinquedos com água
So, you can say:
I’ll ride the roller coaster. I’ll ride the Ferris wheel.
Eu vou andar na montanha-russa. Eu vou andar na roda-gigante.
Do you want to ride with me?

Você quer andar comigo?
Extreme rides usually have a ride warning sign at the entrance, describing what they include. Check out
what you will find in these rides:
EXTREME RIDES
Dramatic acceleration High speed Tilts

Aceleração drástica Alta velocidade Inclinações

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Loops Climbs Drops

Giros Subidas Quedas
Backward motion
Movimento de frente para trás
The ride warning signs next to each ride or attraction will also carry some
recommendations such as these:
Persons with the following conditions should not ride:

Indivíduos com as seguintes condições não devem andar:
Heart conditions or abnormal blood pressure

Problemas cardíacos ou pressão sanguínea anormal
Neck or back conditions

Problemas no pescoço ou coluna
Expectant mothers Motion sickness or dizziness

Mulheres grávidas Enjoo ou tontura com movimento

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If you have any special needs, talk to a team member and ask about procedures
because they might vary according to the ride.
You will also find the minimum height requirement in these signs. Have a look:
MINIMUM HEIGHT RE QUIREMENT
Guests under 51” tall may not ride.

Visitantes com menos de 1,30 m não podem andar.
Guests must be taller than 51” to ride.

Visitantes têm que ter mais de 1,30 m de altura para andar.
In the U.S., they measure height in feet and inches. You

may use a converter to help you out, but know that:
51 inches = 1.30 m
51 polegadas = 1,30 metro
The minimum height requirement is a safety issue. If there is no indication at the ride, you can always check
with a staff member. You can ask:
Is there a minimum height for this ride? Can my kid go on this ride?
Tem uma altura mínima para esta atração? Meu filho / minha filha pode ir nesta atração?
What is the minimum height for this ride? Can I ride with my kid?
Qual é a altura mínima para esta atração? Eu posso ir com o meu filho / minha filha?

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To go on the rides, you need to get in line. Know that there are different types of
lines. Have a look:
T YPES OF LINES
Regular line Express line Virtual line

Fila comum Fila expressa Fila virtual
The single-rider line

Fila para pessoas que querem andar nos brinquedos sozinhas
There is a downside to the single-rider line:
You won’t be able to ride side by side with your friends or family.
Você não vai poder andar ao lado dos seus amigos ou família.
In some parks, there is a virtual-line system. Here is what you

need to do:
Sign in for the ride via app or at the self-service kiosks near the main attractions.
Faça o cadastro para a atração pelo aplicativo ou pelo quiosque de autoatendimento perto
das principais atrações.
Wait for the ticket or password with a designated time to enter the ride.
Espere por um ingresso ou senha com o horário específico para entrar na atração.
Now you know the uses of the word ride in different contexts, how to understand
the warning signs close to some rides, the types of lines you may find, and the
possible interactions when you enter the attractions.

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Part 3.
Activities
( 1 ) Regular line ( 8 ) Expectant (5 ) Visitantes (2 ) Filho/Filha/Criança

mothers
( 2 ) Kid ( 7 ) Alta velocidade ( 12) Aceleração drástica
( 9 ) Tilts
( 3 ) Height (9 ) Inclinações ( 1 ) Fila comum
( 10 ) Heart conditions
( 4 ) Abnormal blood (11) Movimento de ( 6 ) Quedas
pressure ( 11 ) Backward frente para trás
( 8 ) Mulheres grávidas
motion
( 5 ) Guests (4 ) Pressão sanguínea
( 3 ) Altura
( 12 ) Dramatic anormal
( 6 ) Drops
acceleration
( 10) Problemas cardíacos
( 7 ) High speed
a) Do you want to take a ride around the city later?

Você quer dar uma volta pela cidade mais tarde?
b) Do you want to ride with me?

Você quer andar comigo?
f. will (’ll) ride
c) Can you give me a ride to work today?

d. ride
e. ride

ride
a. to take a ride
d) How much do I owe you for the ?

b. want to ride
Quanto eu te devo pela corrida?

c. a ride
e) Get in the car. I’ll give you a ride .

Entre no carro. Eu vou te dar uma carona.
5 / 7 / 9 / 11 / 4 / 10 / 2 /
f) I will/I'll ride the roller coaster.

12 / 1 / 6 / 8 / 3
Eu vou andar na montanha-russa.

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Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn how to make recommendations and requests, and
to talk about probability, obligation, and prohibition.
Modal verbs are the ones we commonly use to convey those ideas. They convey
a specific tone to the main verb, which means that the context defines the most
appropriate interpretation.
Modals follow the same general structure. Take a look:
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb + (Complement)

Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal + (Complemento)
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb + (Complement)

Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal + (Complemento)
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb + (Complement)

Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + (Complemento)
You already know that the modal verb can is used to make
requests. In this context, we use can in the interrogative form,
mainly with the subjects I, we, and you. For example:
CAN
Making requests
Can you give me a ride to work today?


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If you want to fulfill or grant the request, you will use can in the affirmative form.
Considering the previous example, you could answer:
CAN
Granting requests
Sure! You can come with me.

Claro! Você pode vir comigo.
Of course! I can take you there.

Lógico! Eu posso te levar lá.
If you wish to express the contrary, that is, to deny the request, you will use can in
the negative form. For example:
CAN
Denying requests
Sorry, but I cannot (can’t) give you a ride today. My car has broken down.
Desculpe, mas eu não posso te dar carona hoje. Meu carro quebrou.
In short, can expresses a very strong idea of possibility, something

possible to be done. In the interrogative form, we use can to
make a request. In the negative form, can expresses an idea of
impossibility or even prohibition, something that is not possible or
allowed.
Now, have a look at some examples in the interrogative form:
CAN
Interrogative Form
Can my kid go on this ride?

Meu filho pode andar nesta atração?

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In this case, can conveys an idea of possibility or even asking for permission. And the
answer to that question could be:
CAN
Negative Form
Sorry, but your kid can’t (cannot) go on this ride. He is not tall enough.
Sinto muito, mas seu filho não pode andar nesta atração. Ele não é alto o suficiente.
Here, can’t or cannot expresses an idea of impossibility or even lack of

permission.
May is another modal verb that is also used to ask for and give permission.
However, depending on the context, this modal verb can also express a sense of
probability. For example:
MODAL VERB MAY
I’m usually afraid of extreme rides. But I may go on this ride with you.
Let’s see how I feel when we get there.
Eu geralmente tenho medo de atrações radicais. Mas pode ser que eu vá
com você. Vamos ver como eu me sinto quando a gente chegar lá.
In the context of probability, may is not commonly used in the interrogative form.
When used in the interrogative form, may conveys the general meaning of
permission, that is, asking for permission to do something. For example:
MAY
Asking for permission
Excuse me, sir. May I keep my purse on this ride?

Com licença, senhor. Posso ficar com a minha bolsa nesta atração?
This structure is considered more polite than can, which can also be used to ask
for permission. Additionally, we can only use may to ask for permission in the
first person.

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We can also use may to grant permission. In this case, we use the second person. For example:
M AY
Granting permission
Excuse me, sir. May I keep my purse on this ride?

Yes, ma’am, you may keep your purse with you.

Sim, senhora, pode ficar com a sua bolsa.
May is also used to deny permissions, such as:
MAY
Denying permission
No, ma’am, you may not ride with your purse.

Não, a senhora não pode andar com a sua bolsa.
Another important modal verb is should, which is commonly used to make recommendations.
Let’s see some examples:
SHOULD
Making recommendations
You should take care of your belongings.

Você deve cuidar dos seus pertences.
You may take your purse, but I think you should put it in the locker.
Você pode levar a sua bolsa, mas eu acho que você deve guardá-la no armário.
We also use should to make deductions or express something that is expected to

happen. Look at some examples:
SHOULD
Making deductions
It should be difficult to find a spot in the parking lot.

Deve ser difícil achar uma vaga no estacionamento.
The lines to the best attractions should be really long by now.

As filas para as melhores atrações devem estar bem longas neste momento.

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To make more emphatic or strong recommendations, the best modal to use is must. However,
the idea that stands out the most when we use this modal in the affirmative form is obligation.
For example, there is a general safety rule in parks:
MUST
Obligation
Guests must be taller than 51” to ride.

Customers must be 21 years old or older to buy or drink alcoholic beverages.

Clientes têm que ter 21 anos ou mais para comprar ou consumir bebidas alcoólicas.
In the negative form, must conveys the idea of prohibition:
MUST
Prohibition
Guests must not smoke out of designated smoking areas.

Visitantes não podem fumar fora das áreas designadas.
Visitantes estão proibidos de fumar fora das áreas designadas.
In this chapter, you’ve learned how to use the modal verbs can, may, should, and must and to tell
their differences in context. If you want to learn more about these topics, you can refer to the
Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Modal Verb Can Page 181 w

Modal Verb May Page 187 w
Modal Verb Must Page 190 w
Modal Verb Should Page 192 w

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Part 5.
Activities
A. Choose the appropriate modal verb according to the use.
can may should must
a) Guests must be taller than 51” to ride. (obligation)

b) Excuse me, sir. May I keep my purse on this ride? ( permission)

c) You should take care of your belongings. ( recommendation)

Você deve cuidar dos seus pertences.
d) Guests must not smoke out of designated smoking areas. ( prohibition)

Visitantes estão proibidos de fumar fora das áreas designadas.
e) You may take your purse, but I think you should put it in the locker.
( permission)
f) Of course! I can take you there. ( possibility)

Lógico! Eu posso te levar lá.
B. Complete the sentences with the correct modal verb + verb according to the translation.
a) Customers must be 21 years old or older to buy or drink alcoholic beverages.

Clientes têm que ter 21 anos ou mais para comprar ou consumir bebidas alcoólicas.
b) Yes, ma’am, you can/may keep your purse with you.

Sim, senhora, pode ficar com a sua bolsa.

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c) You may take your purse, but I think you should put it in the locker.
d) Can you give me a ride to work today?

e) I’m usually afraid of extreme rides. But I may go on this ride with you. Let’s see how I
feel when we get there.
Eu geralmente tenho medo de atrações radicais. Mas pode ser que eu vá com você. Vamos ver como
eu me sinto quando a gente chegar lá.
f) It should be difficult to find a spot in the parking lot.

Deve ser difícil achar uma vaga no estacionamento.
f. should be f. can
e. may go e. may
d. Can you give d. must
c. should put c. should
b. may keep / can keep b. May
a. must be a. must

77
Conveniences.
Part 1.
In this chapter, you will see the kinds of conveniences that are offered to you in
the parks. You will also see some important language items.
Now look at the script of Conveniences.
CONVENIENCES
[At a locker station]

Callie
So, guys, let’s talk really quickly about personal items and what to do
with them while you’re on the ride. You don’t really want to bring them
with you on the ride because, as you can see, they’re kind of easy to
lose.
But, the good news is you don’t need someone to stand there and hold
your stuff while you ride. You can put it in a locker while you have fun!
Now, you can get an all-day locker and keep your stuff there throughout
the day, but if you’d rather keep your items closer to you, then there are
other options to keep them safe. Like these! At all of your big attraction
thrill rides, there’s going to be free short-term lockers that allow you to
put your stuff in while you wait in line. Let’s check them out!
[After a wet ride]

Callie:
Ah… Well, I guess it’s good that I left my stuff in a locker because I got
wet, but…it was totally, totally worth it! And the good news is that you
don’t have to stay wet once you go to one of those wet attractions!
After you visit a wet ride at Universal, you can always go to a…people
dryer! Yes, that is a people dryer, and we’re going to get in it! Okay…Oh,
it’s hot! I’m being dried! And I’m drying. Oh! I think that actually worked!
And besides the people dryer and the locker, there’s still another great
convenience offered to guests at Universal Orlando Resort.

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[Next to the child-swap holding area]

Callie:
I’ve already mentioned that most Universal Orlando attractions have
a minimum height requirement. So, if you’re traveling with children
who are too young or too small to meet the requirements, you can
take advantage of the child swap! Now, here’s how it works: At least
two adults wait in line with the young child, and when you reach the
entrance of the attraction, let the team member know that you want
to do the child swap. And then that employee will allow you and the
young child to enter the attraction. Now, once you reach the loading
area, one adult will go on the ride while the other waits with the child
in the special holding area for child swap. Then, when the riding adult
disembarks, they’ll switch places with the other adult so they can go on
the ride while they take care of the child. It’s pretty convenient, right?
But, this is not the only service offered if you’re coming with young
children. We’ll show you how much fun little kids can have here, even
the really young ones. Let’s go!
COMODIDADES
[Em uma estação de armários]

Callie:
Pessoal, vamos falar rapidamente sobre itens pessoais e o que fazer
com eles enquanto você está na atração. É melhor não os trazer com
você porque, como você pode ver, eles são fáceis de perder.
A boa notícia é que você não precisa que alguém fique ali parado
segurando suas coisas enquanto você está na atração. Você pode
colocá-las em um armário enquanto se diverte! Você pode alugar um
armário para o dia todo e deixar suas coisas lá, mas se você prefere
tê-las por perto, há outras opções para mantê-las seguras. Como estas!
Em todas as maiores atrações, há armários gratuitos de curto prazo para
guardar suas coisas enquanto você está na fila. Vamos dar uma olhada
neles!

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[Depois de uma atração molhada]

Callie:
Ah... Bem, foi uma boa guardar minhas coisas em um armário porque
eu me molhei, mas... valeu muito, muito a pena! A boa notícia é que
você não precisa ficar molhado quando vai em uma dessas atrações
aquáticas! Após visitar uma atração molhada no Universal, você
sempre pode ir até um... secador de pessoas! Sim, isso é um secador
de pessoas, e vamos entrar nele! Certo... É quente! Estou sendo
secada! Estou secando. Oh! Eu acho que funcionou! Além do secador
de pessoas, e do armário, há outra ótima comodidade oferecida aos
hóspedes do Universal Orlando Resort.
[Ao lado da área do “child swap”]

Callie:
Eu já comentei que a maioria das atrações no Universal Orlando tem
um requisito de altura mínima. Então, se estiver viajando com crianças
muito novas ou pequenas para atender a esses requisitos, você pode
aproveitar o “child swap”! Funciona assim: pelo menos dois adultos
esperam na fila com a criança, e quando chegarem na entrada da
atração, avisam ao funcionário que querem usar o “child swap”. O
funcionário vai permitir que os adultos e a criança entrem. Então, quando
chegarem na área de embarque, um adulto vai andar no brinquedo
enquanto o outro aguarda com a criança na área reservada ao “child
swap”. Então, quando o adulto que andou no brinquedo desembarcar,
eles trocam de lugar para que o outro adulto ande no brinquedo
enquanto ele fica com a criança. Muito conveniente, não é?
Mas esse não é o único serviço oferecido se você estiver vindo com
crianças pequenas. Vamos mostrar o quanto as crianças podem se
divertir aqui, mesmo as bem novinhas. Vamos lá!

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Part 2.
Theme parks usually offer different kinds of conveniences.

One of them is the lockers, where you can keep your belongings
while riding. You will usually find three options:
T YPES OF LOCKERS
All-day lockers
Armários para o dia todo
Free short-term lockers

Armários gratuitos de curto prazo
Paid short-term lockers

Armários pagos de curto prazo
And there are size options as well. They can be:
LOCKER SIZES
Medium Large Family locker

Médio Grande Tamanho família
Prices are going to vary according to the size you choose:
You should consider the cost-benefit ratio.

Você deve considerar a relação custo-benefício.

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There are several places where you can rent a locker. Look for the sign that says
locker rental. If you can’t find it yourself, ask one of the team members:
Excuse me. Where are the locker rentals?

Com licença. Onde ficam os armários para locação?
Excuse me. Where can I find locker rentals?

Com licença. Onde eu posso achar armários para locação?
The team member may answer those questions using other

places as reference points. So, you might hear:
They’re close to the entrance gate.

Eles ficam próximo ao portão de entrada.
They’re next to the roller coaster.

Ficam perto da montanha-russa.
They’re in front of the restrooms.

Ficam em frente aos banheiros.
When you get to a locker rental, you will find a pay station. Some
of the lockers are rented by scanning your fingerprint. In this case,
you will see the following instruction:
Scan your fingerprint.

Escaneie sua impressão digital.
Other lockers might require the bar code on your admission ticket
to both rent and open the locker. So, the instruction will be:
Scan your bar code.

Escaneie seu código de barras.

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If you have an e-ticket, take your phone with you. Don’t put it in the
locker; otherwise, you won’t be able to reopen it.
If you have trouble with it, ask for help:
Excuse me. Can you help me rent a locker?

Com licença. Você pode me ajudar a alugar um armário?
Do I have to use my ticket to reopen the locker?

Eu tenho que usar o meu ingresso para reabrir o armário?
Do I have to scan my fingerprint?

Eu tenho que escanear minha impressão digital?
There are also temporary lockers, which can be either free or paid. In some rides and attractions, you cannot
board with the following items:
LOOSE ITEMS
Bags Caps Cell phones Keys

Bolsas Bonés Celulares Chaves
That is the no-loose-item policy because there is a risk of losing them:
Whenever this policy is applied, it is mandatory to leave your

belongings in a locker before boarding.
Sempre que houver essa regra, é obrigatório deixar seus
pertences num armário antes de entrar na atração.

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Another great convenience to be used when you get out of wet rides is the
people dryer. It is a machine where people can go to dry themselves.
If you want to learn if there is one around, you just ask:
Is there a people dryer around here?

Tem um secador de pessoas por aqui?
Where can I find a people dryer?

Onde eu posso encontrar um secador de pessoas?
The child swap or rider switch is a great convenience for people

with kids. Here are some reasons to use it:
The kid doesn’t want to go on the ride.

A criança não quer ir na atração.
The kid can’t go on the ride.

A criança não pode ir na atração.
Here’s how it works:
An adult and the kid wait at a designated area while the party is on the attraction.
Um adulto e a criança esperam em uma área específica enquanto o grupo está na atração.
When the party comes back, they swap places without getting in line again.
Quando o grupo voltar, eles trocam de lugar sem entrar na fila de novo.

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Before boarding the attraction, just ask a team member if this

convenience is offered:
Does this attraction have child swap?

Essa atração tem child swap?
Is this a participating attraction in the child swap program?

Essa é uma atração incluída no programa de child swap?
We would like to child swap.

Nós gostaríamos de usar o child swap.
The team member may give you a ticket and another one for the
rest of the party. And they are probably going to ask you:
OK. Who is going to ride first?

OK. Quem vai andar primeiro?
Who is going to stay with the kid?

Quem vai ficar com a criança?
Now you know the conveniences offered by the parks and possible
interactions to help you enjoy the benefits they offer.

86
Part 3.
Activities
( 1 ) Rent ( 7 ) Bar code ( 4 ) Atração incluída ( 3 ) Impressão digital
( 2 ) Dryer ( 8 ) Reopen ( 7 ) Código de barras ( 10) Escanear
( 3 ) Fingerprint ( 9 ) Free (12) Armário para o dia ( 6 ) Banheiros

todo
( 4 ) Participating ( 10 ) Scan ( 1 ) Alugar
attraction ( 2 ) Secador
( 11 ) Short term ( 9 ) Gratuito
( 5 ) Locker rentals (11) Curto prazo
( 12 ) All-day locker ( 5 ) Armários para
( 6 ) Restrooms ( 8 ) Reabrir locação
a) Excuse me . Where are the locker rentals?

b) They’re close to/next to/near the entrance gate.

c) Excuse me. Where can I find rental lockers ?

Com licença. Onde eu posso achar armários para locação?
d. next to / close to / near
b. close to / next to / near
d) They’re next to/close to/nearthe roller coaster.

c. rental lockers
e. around here
a. Excuse me
f. in front of
Ficam perto da montanha-russa.
e) Is there a people dryer around here ?

Tem um secador de pessoas por aqui?
4 / 7 / 12 / 2 / 11 / 8 / 3 /
f) They’re in front of the restrooms.

10 / 6 / 1 / 9 / 5

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Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn how to ask questions about people and places, and
to use the personal pronouns and prepositions of place.
Let’s start with a very usual topic: personal pronouns. But first, it is important
that you understand what pronouns are. Every pronoun replaces a name, a noun.
For example:
PRONOUNS
Mary loves theme parks. She loves them.

Mary ama parques temáticos. Ela os ama.
The first sentence has two nouns: Mary, which is a proper noun, and
theme parks, which is a compound noun. If you replace these nouns,
you will use pronouns. Note that she refers to Mary, and them refers
to theme parks.
Now, when you use pronouns to replace nouns, it is usually because
it is clear in the context to which noun the pronoun refers. Imagine if
you say something out of context, such as:
PRONOUNS
She loves them!

Ela os ama!
It would be difficult to understand who she is or even to whom them refers. So, let’s think of a
context for this sentence. It could be, for instance:
PRONOUNS
Mary is going to three theme parks next month. She loves them!
Mary vai a três parques temáticos mês que vem. Ela os ama!

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Now we can understand to which terms the pronouns refer.

There are different kinds of personal pronouns. She is part of the subject pronouns, which are
pronouns that replace nouns that are the subject of the sentence, that is, they perform the action.
The pronoun them is part of the object pronouns, which are pronouns that replace nouns that are
the object of the sentence because they receive or suffer the action.
Take a look at the pronouns in the singular:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns

(Replace nouns as subjects) (Replace nouns as objects)
First I me
person eu me, mim
you you
Second tu, você lhe, você
person
he him
ele ele, o, lhe
she her
ela ela, a, lhe
Third person
it it
ele, ela, isso ele, ela, o, a, lhe
In the plural, it looks like this:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS

First we us
person nós nos, nós
Second you you

person vós, vocês lhes, vocês
Third they them

person eles, elas eles, elas, os, as, lhes

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Now is the time to understand a little better how you can use each of these
pronouns. First of all, it is important to build a context to use them. Take a look at
the example:
SUBJE CT AND OBJE CT PRONOUNS
Where can visitors keep their belongings?

Onde os visitantes podem deixar os seus pertences?
Visitors can use lockers to keep their belongings.

subject object
Os visitantes podem usar armários para guardar seus pertences.
Notice that visitors is the subject, while lockers is the object of the verb use.
Since the word visitors was already used in the question, it is possible to replace
it with a subject pronoun without affecting meaning:
They can use lockers to keep their belongings.

Eles podem usar armários para guardar seus pertences.
Notice that based on the context, we can understand that the

pronoun they is replacing visitors in the answer.
Now, have a look at a different context:
What are these lockers for?

Para que servem esses armários?
Visitors can use them to keep their belongings.

Os visitantes podem usá-los para guardar seus pertences.

90
In this case, the word lockers was used in the question, building a context to have it replaced in the answer
with the object pronoun them. That way, we can refer back to the question to understand the answer.
As you can see, context is really important when it comes to personal pronouns, especially when we ask
questions about the subject or the object of the verb. When they refer to people, we will have to use the
question word who. Let’s see:
WHO
Asking about the Subject
Who is responsible for the kids?

Quem é responsável pelas crianças?
The parents are responsible for the kids.

Os pais são responsáveis pelos filhos.
In this case, we know that a person or people would be responsible

for the kids. That’s why we used who to ask about the subject of the
verb. Notice that the verb in this question is the verb to be in the third
person singular (is) regardless of the answer.
When we ask questions about the subject of the sentence, we use

a different structure from what we would generally use in questions
with question words. Observe:
WHO
Who + Verb in the third person singular + Complement

Who + Verbo na terceira pessoa do singular + Complemento

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The verb will always remain in the singular form. Have a look at
another example:
WHO
Who wants to go to theme parks?

Quem quer ir a parques temáticos?
The kids want to go.

As crianças querem ir.
The verb from the previous example is want, conjugated in the simple present. When we
ask the question about the subject using who, we must conjugate the verb in the third
person singular. That’s why it becomes wants. Notice that we do not use the auxiliary
verb in the question.
Now, if you want to ask about a person that is the object of the sentence, you will also
use who, but then you will have to use the standard question-word structure, that is:
WHO
Asking about the Object
Question word Who + interrogative form

Question word Who + forma interrogativa
In this case, the subject will be included in the question, because you are asking
about the object. Let’s see an example:
WHO
Asking about the Object
Who are the parents responsible for?

Por quem os pais são responsáveis?
The parents are responsible for the kids.

Os pais são responsáveis pelos filhos.
In this case, we start the sentence with who, and then we simply invert the verb to
be with the subject to ask the question.
And this is the same structure that you will use with the question word where. We
use it to ask about location. Take a look at the example:

92
WHERE
Asking about location
Excuse me. Where are the locker rentals?

They’re close to the entrance gate.

As you can see, in order to ask where, you will use where + interrogative form.
And to answer that, in general, you will need a preposition of place to indicate the
location. In this case, we used close to and a reference point, the entrance gate.
Have a look at another example:
WHERE
Asking about location
Where can I find a people dryer?

Onde eu posso encontrar um secador de pessoas?
They’re in front of the restrooms.

Here, we asked Where + interrogative form of the modal verb can. In the
answer, we used the preposition of place in front of and the reference point
the restrooms.
Here is a list of common prepositions of place:
PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE
Behind Beside Between

Atrás Ao lado No meio / Entre
However, there are three prepositions of place (IN, ON, AT) that, depending
on the situation, may raise questions on their use. This is why it’s important to
understand the possibilities for each of them.

93
In
Dentro
in the locker, in the drawer, in my purse

no / dentro do armário, na / dentro da gaveta, na / dentro da minha bolsa
On
Em cima de / Sobre
on the table, on the bed, on the street

na / em cima da mesa, na / em cima da cama, na rua
At
Em
at home, at a party, at the Empire State Building

em casa, numa festa, no Empire State
It is important to understand that at is used most often before names of places

such as buildings or businesses, so we say at the Empire State Building, or
before events such as at a party, or in specific expressions such as at home.
In this chapter, you have seen the difference between a subject

pronoun and an object pronoun, the question words who and
where, and the use of prepositions of place. If you want to
learn more about these topics, you can refer to the Grammar
Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Object Pronouns Page 201 w

Prepositions of Place Page 209 w
Question Word Where Page 236 w
Question Word Who Page 241 w
Subject Pronouns Page 270 w

94
Part 5.
Activities
A. Reorganize the words to form questions.
a) can – where – keep – visitors – their belongings Where can visitors keep their belongings ?
b) for – what – are – these lockers What are these lockers for ?
c) where – the locker rentals – are Where are the locker rentals ?
d) wants – to theme parks – who – to go Who wants to go to theme parks ?
e) I – a people dryer – can – find – where Where can I find a people dryer ?
f) the parents – are – who – responsible for Who are the parents responsible for ?
B. Choose the correct pronoun to replace the noun in bold.
a) Mary is going to three theme parks next d) The kids want to go.
month. As crianças querem ir.
Mary vai a três parques temáticos mês que vem. (x ) they
( x ) she ( ) them
( ) her
e) Visitors can use them to keep their
b) The parents are responsible for the kids. belongings.
Os pais são responsáveis pelos filhos. Os visitantes podem usá-los para guardar seus
( ) they pertences.
( x ) them ( ) they
(x ) them
c) The lockers are close to the entrance gate.
Os armários ficam próximo ao portão de f) Mary loves theme parks.
entrada. Mary ama parques temáticos.
(x ) they (x ) she
( ) them ( ) her
f. she f. Who are the parents responsible for?

e. them e. Where can I find a people dryer?
d. they d. Who wants to go to theme parks?
c. they c. Where are the locker rentals?
b. them b. What are these lockers for?
a. she a. Where can visitors keep their belongings?

95
Fun for
Kids.
Part 1.
In this chapter, you will see tips on how to meet and greet your favorite character
and possible interactions with team members about attractions for small children.
You will also learn some important language items.
Now look at the script of Fun for Kids.
FUN FOR KIDS
Callie
So, we already know that there are some rides that kids cannot ride at
Universal Orlando. But that’s OK, because Universal has thought of this,
and they’ve created sections of the park that are just for kids of all ages!
And check this out, we’ve got a carousel, we’ve got shops, we’ve
got dining, we’ve got attractions and rides that are just for kids, so,
everywhere you look there’s something for your kids to do, whether
they’re one, whether they’re ten, or even some adults that can find
something fun to do here. But you’ll also find a couple of other really
interesting attractions. Over here we have face painting; you can also
get some special crafts made by one of the Universal team members or
even get something customized!
Now, every kid I know loves ice cream, and you’ll find plenty of ice
cream throughout the kid’s area of the park. Now, remember this is only
one section of the park that’s for kids, and there are more! So, don’t
worry if you came for the roller coasters, there’s something for your kids
too! And everything you’re going to see around here is going to be just
themed for kids. So, it’s all going to be about good fun for all ages!
[At the candy store]

Callie:
And every kid’s favorite stop has got to be the candy store! Don’t let me
spend too much money! I think I know what I want…cotton candy! Hello!
Let’s do… blue raspberry, please! Thank you very much!

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[Outside the candy store]

Callie:
Now, we all know what really drives kids crazy, besides sugar, of course,
and that’s characters! OK, they’re for adults too, we all love characters!
And if you are a character enthusiast, you’re definitely going to want to
check out the Universal’s Superstar Parade! That’s all of your favorite
characters! And that’s when the streets of Universal Studios Florida
get transformed into one giant stage, in one of the largest interactive
experiences ever created! There are floats, street performers, energy,
and, of course, music! Now, the show happens every day, but it’s always
at different times. So, be sure to check the show schedule online, or ask
a Universal team member for more information!
There’s one other thing that your kids are sure to love while you’re here,
and that is dinner or breakfast with your favorite characters! Now, that
is an awesome experience, so be sure to book it far in advance if you’re
interested. I know I will! Let’s see what else we’ve got!
DIVERSÃO PARA CRIANÇAS
Callie:
Já sabemos que existem alguns brinquedos em que crianças não podem
andar no Universal Orlando. Mas não tem problema, porque a Universal
pensou nisso e criou seções do parque apenas para crianças de todas
as idades!
E vejam só, tem um carrossel, tem lojas, restaurantes, atrações e

brinquedos que são só para crianças, então, para onde quer que você
olhe, existe algo para seus filhos fazerem, tenham eles um ano ou dez,
ou mesmo alguns adultos que achem algo divertido por aqui. Mas você
também vai encontrar outras atrações bem interessantes. Aqui, temos
pintura facial; você também pode comprar artesanatos especiais feitos
pela equipe da Universal ou mesmo algo personalizado!
Toda criança que eu conheço ama sorvete, e você vai achar muitas
sorveterias na área infantil do parque. Lembre-se de que essa é apenas
uma sessão do parque para crianças, e há mais delas! Então, não se
preocupe se você veio por causa das montanhas-russas, há coisas
para seus filhos também! E tudo o que você vir aqui será temático para
crianças. Então, tudo é feito para divertir todas as idades!

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[Na loja de doces]

Callie:
E a loja favorita de toda criança é a loja de doces! Não me deixem gastar
muito! Eu acho que sei o que quero... algodão doce! Olá! Vamos de...
framboesa azul, por favor! Muito obrigada!
[Fora da loja de doces]

Callie:
Todos nós sabemos o que realmente enlouquece as crianças, além
de açúcar, é claro: são os personagens! Está bem, eles também são
para adultos, todos amamos personagens! E se você for fã deles, com
certeza vai querer conferir o desfile Superstar do Universal! Tem todos
os seus personagens favoritos! E é quando as ruas do Universal Studios
Florida se transformam em um grande palco, em uma das maiores
experiências interativas já criadas! Tem balões, artistas de rua, energia e,
é claro, música! O show acontece diariamente, mas sempre em horários
diferentes. Então, não se esqueça de conferir on-line os horários do
do show, ou pergunte a alguém da equipe do Universal para mais
informações!
Outra coisa que seus filhos com certeza vão amar durante a visita
é poder jantar ou tomar café da manhã com seus personagens
favoritos! Essa é uma experiência incrível, então, reserve com bastante
antecedência se estiver interessado. Eu sei que eu vou! Vamos ver o que
mais tem por aqui!

99
Part 2.
There are many attractions for kids in theme parks. Theme parks are huge places, so the first
information you need to know is the location of the kids play area. You can ask:
How do I get to the kids play area? Where’s the kids play area?
Como eu chego à área de recreação infantil? Onde é a área de recreação infantil?
Is the kids play area far from here?

A área de recreação infantil fica longe daqui?
People may answer you either by informing its location or by giving you some
directions:
It’s over there. It’s on your left.

É por ali. Fica à sua esquerda.
Just go straight ahead. Let me show you on the map.

É só seguir em frente. Deixa eu te mostrar no mapa.
Turn right and go straight ahead.

Vire à direita e siga em frente.
In this area, you can also find fun playground toys, such as:
PL AYGROUND TOYS
Slides Climbing nets Splash zones

Escorregas Redes para escalada Áreas com brincadeiras com água

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Also, some rides are exclusive for young kids, where they can play and have fun safely.
Take a look at the pictures:
RIDES FOR KIDS
Roller coaster Carousel Riding cars

Montanha-russa Carrossel Carrinhos
But if you are visiting a theme park, you will definitely want to meet your favorite character.
The character meet-and-greet depends on the schedule of each park. You can probably find it
at the park, but in case you can’t, just ask a team member to help you out:
Can you give me some information about the characters’ meet-and-greet?

Você pode me dar algumas informações sobre o encontro com personagens?
Where is [your favorite character] meeting spot?

Onde é o ponto de encontro com [seu personagem favorito]?
What time is [your favorite character] meet-and-greet?

A que horas é o encontro com [seu personagem favorito]?
Whenever you ask what time, you may hear the following answers:
It’s at 3 o’clock. It’s in 15 minutes. It’s every 45 minutes.

É às 3 horas. É em 15 minutos. É a cada 45 minutos.

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You will also see characters at the parade, which lasts around 30 minutes. To check the schedule
with a team member when you get in the theme park, you can ask:
What time does the parade start? How long does the parade take?
A que horas começa o desfile? Quanto tempo leva o desfile?
Where does it take place?

Onde ele acontece?
Now, if you want to take the excitement to its most, you can schedule breakfast or dinner with
the characters. To learn more about it, you can ask questions such as:
Where can I make a reservation to have breakfast/dinner with characters?

Onde eu posso fazer uma reserva para tomar café da manhã / para jantar com personagens?
Where does it take place? How much do kids pay for that?
Onde acontece? Quanto as crianças pagam por isso?
How much is it? What’s included?

Quanto custa? O que está incluído?
The meals usually include:
Beverages A side dish A main course

Bebidas Um acompanhamento Um prato principal
Dessert Snacks
Sobremesa Lanches
Now you know how to meet and greet your favorite character and possible
interactions with team members concerning attractions for small children.

102
Part 3.
Activities
( 1 ) To start ( 7 ) To show ( 6 ) Direita ( 2 ) Ponto de encontro
( 2 ) Meeting spot ( 8 ) Meet-and-greet ( 3 ) Desfile ( 11) Áreas com brincadei-

ras com água
( 3 ) Parade ( 9 ) Slides ( 10) Redes para escalada
( 5 ) Personagem
( 4 ) To take place ( 10 ) Climbing nets ( 7 ) Mostrar
(8 ) Encontro
( 5 ) Character ( 11 ) Splash zones (9 ) Escorregas
( 1 ) Começar
( 6 ) Right ( 12 ) Straight ahead ( 12) Direto em frente
( 4 ) Acontecer
a) How long does the parade take?

Quanto tempo leva o desfile?
d. kids/children
f. take place
b) Is the kids play area far from here?
A área de recreação infantil fica longe daqui? e. included
characters' meet-and-greet
c) Can you give me some information about the ?
c. characters’ meet-and-greet
Você pode me dar algumas informações sobre o encontro com personagens?

d) How much do kids/children pay for that?

b. kids play area
Quanto as crianças pagam por isso?

a. parade
e) What’s included ?
O que está incluído?
6 / 3 / 10 / 7 / 9 / 12 / 2 /
f) Where does it take place ?

11 / 5 / 8 / 1 / 4
Onde ele acontece?

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Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn countable and uncountable nouns,

cardinal numbers, as well as how to tell the time in English, and
how to talk about price.
We have seen before that one of the most used question words in
English is what. It is used to ask questions about things, feelings,
and situations.
WHAT
What
O que / Qual / Quais
But there are some variations of this question word. A commonly used one is
What time. Its function is to ask about time. Take a look:
WHAT TIME
What time is the characters’ meet-and-greet?

A que horas é o encontro com os personagens?
What time does the parade start?

A que horas começa o desfile?
Both previous examples are formed with the verbs in the simple present. In the
first sentence, we used the verb to be, and in the second one, we used the verb
to start. Notice that, in the last example, it will be necessary to use the auxiliary
verb does to ask the question.

104
And to answer that question, we will need to use the cardinal numbers. In
English, they are:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
1 – one 11 – eleven 21 – twenty-one

2 – two 12 – twelve 22 – twenty-two
3 – three 13 – thirteen 23 – twenty-three
4 – four 14 – fourteen 24 – twenty-four
5 – five 15 – fifteen 25 – twenty-five
6 – six 16 – sixteen 26 – twenty-six
7 – seven 17 – seventeen 27 – twenty-seven
8 – eight 18 – eighteen 28 – twenty-eight
9 – nine 19 – nineteen 29 – twenty-nine
10 – ten 20 – twenty 30 – thirty
In order to talk about hours, you will use the numbers ranging from one to twelve.
And, to talk about minutes, you will use the numbers from one to fifty-nine.
CARDINAL NUMBERS
31 – thirty-one 41 – forty-one 51 – fifty-one

32 – thirty-two 42 – forty-two 52 – fifty-two
33 – thirty-three 43 – forty-three 53 – fifty-three
34 – thirty-four 44 – forty-four 54 – fifty-four
35 – thirty-five 45 – forty-five 55 – fifty-five
36 – thirty-six 46 – forty-six 56 – fifty-six
37 – thirty-seven 47 – forty-seven 57 – fifty-seven
38 – thirty-eight 48 – forty-eight 58 – fifty-eight
39 – thirty-nine 49 – forty-nine 59 – fifty-nine
40 – forty 50 – fifty 60 – sixty
Know that there is a difference in pronunciation between the terminations -teen and
-ty. It is crucial to identify that to avoid misunderstandings.

105
So, when asked about the time, you will answer like this:
WHAT TIME
Possible Answers
It’s at 3:45. It’s at 3. It’s at 3 o’clock.

É às 3:45. É às 3h. É às 3 horas.
Notice the use of the preposition at for a scheduled time. From the context, you understand that
the meeting with the characters will happen at three in the afternoon, as this would hardly take
place at three in the morning. However, to make it clearer what time of day we are talking about,
there is the option of mentioning it. You can say:
WHAT TIME
Possible Answers
It’s at 3 in the afternoon. It’s at 3 p.m.

É às 3h da tarde. É às 15 horas.
It’s at 9 a.m. It’s at 9 in the morning.

É às 9h da manhã. É às 9h da manhã.
Notice that, in the examples above, two prepositions were used: at to mention the scheduled
time, and in to establish the moment of the day: in the morning. The same goes for in the
afternoon and in the evening, but you will say at night.
Cardinal numbers can be used to talk about hours, but they are also used to express
quantities. But there is a very important detail: not all nouns can be counted, and then, in this
case, you cannot use numbers.
In English, nouns are divided into two groups: countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns, as the name implies, can be counted, and here we are talking about most
English nouns. For example:
COUNTABLE NOUNS
Singular Plural
Table / Mesa Tables / Mesas
Kid / Criança Kids / Crianças
Child / Criança Children / Crianças

106
In addition to using cardinal numbers with countable nouns, we can also use
some expressions to convey quantities. This group of words is called quantifiers,
and cardinal numbers are part of that group. Check them out:
QUANTIFIERS - COUNTABLE NOUNS
Cardinal Numbers
Thousands of people visit theme parks every day.
Milhares de pessoas visitam os parques temáticos todos os dias.
Many / A lot of / Lots of

There are many / lots of / a lot of attractions for small kids at the theme parks.
Tem muitas atrações para crianças pequenas nos parques temáticos.
Few
Few people miss the chance to watch the parade.
Poucas pessoas perdem a chance de assistir ao desfile.
Many, a lot of, and lots of refer to large quantities, whereas few refers to small
quantities. Cardinal numbers are more specific since they tell the exact quantity.
Uncountable nouns are those that, as the name implies, cannot be counted with
exact numbers. For example, money is an uncountable noun. So, you don’t say:
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
I have five moneys.

Eu tenho cinco dinheiros.
Check out some common uncountable nouns in English:
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Singular Plural
Money / Dinheiro X
Patience / Paciência X
Information / Informação X
Advice / Conselho X

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If you need to express a specific quantity of uncountable things, such as information

and advice, you can use the expression pieces of. Take a look at an example:
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Can you give me two pieces of information?

Você pode me dar duas informações?
Can you give me a piece of advice?

Can you give me one advice?
Can you give me an advice?
Você pode me dar um conselho?
Notice that it is not possible to use cardinal numbers or the indefinite article with
uncountable nouns.
And, of course, you can also use quantifiers for these nouns. However, the quantifiers
used for uncountable nouns will not always be the same as those used for countable
nouns. Take a look:
QUANTIFIERS - UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
A lot of / Lots of
There is a lot of interesting information about the parks on the internet.
Tem muitas informações interessantes sobre os parques na internet.
Much
I wanted to take my kid to a theme park, but I don’t have much money.
Eu queria levar meu filho para um parque temático, mas eu não tenho muito dinheiro.
Little
We gotta choose the must-see attractions. There is little time to visit them all.
Temos que escolher as atrações imperdíveis. Tem pouco tempo para ir a todas.
Remember that much is most commonly used in negative sentences.

108
Now, when you want to ask about the number of things expressed by these
nouns, you will use a variation of the question word how. You should remember
that you can use how for several things, for example, to ask how someone is
doing. You say:
H OW
How are you? / How are you doing?

Como você está?
To ask for directions:
HOW
How do I get to the kids play area?

Como eu chego à área de recreação infantil?
And you can also use how to ask about quantity. You will use How many
for countable nouns, and How much for uncountable nouns. Let’s
compare these examples:
HOW MANY VS. HOW MUCH
How many kids do you have?

Quantos filhos você tem?
I have five kids. / I have many kids.

Eu tenho cinco filhos. / Eu tenho muitos filhos.
How much fun can kids have at a theme park?

Quanta diversão as crianças podem ter num parque temático?
Lots of fun! / A lot of fun!

Muita diversão!
Notice that, in both examples, how many and how much are
followed by the noun to which they refer.

109
How much is also used to ask about price. It is used because you are
asking about the amount of money that something costs, and money is
uncountable. Have a look at the following dialogue to see an example:
HOW MUCH
Price
I’d like to book breakfast with the characters.

Eu gostaria de agendar um café da manhã com os personagens.
How much is it? / How much does it cost?

Quanto é isso? / Quanto isso custa?
It’s $35 for adults and $21 for kids.

Custa 35 dólares para adultos e 21 dólares para crianças.
In this case, we will also use cardinal numbers to answer this question.
In this chapter, you have seen countable and uncountable nouns,

cardinal numbers, learned how to tell the time in English, and how to
talk about price. If you want to learn more about these topics, you can
refer to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Cardinal Numbers Page 150 w

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Page 166 w
Prepositions of Time Page 205 w
Question Word How Page 223 w
Question Word What Page 229 w

110
Part 5.
Activities
A. Write ( C ) for countable nouns and ( U ) for uncountable nouns.
a) ( ) child d) ( ) table
b) ( ) information e) ( ) money
c) ( ) advice f) ( ) kid
B. Complete the questions with the correct question word according to the translation.
a) does it cost?
Quanto isso custa?
b) is the characters’ meet-and-greet?

A que horas é o encontro com os personagens?
c) fun can kids have at a theme park?

Quanta diversão as crianças podem ter num parque temático?
d) are you doing?

Como você está?
e) does the parade start?

A que horas começa o desfile?
a. How much
b. What time
c. How much
e. What time
d. How
f. How
f) do I get to the kids play area?

Como eu chego à área de recreação infantil?
b. U
d. C
e. U
a. C
c. U
f. C

111
Shopping.
Part 1.
If you like shopping, you will have a lot to learn in this chapter. You will see some
useful vocabulary and ways of interacting while purchasing goods at the parks.
You will also revisit some language items and improve your studies.
Now look at the script of Shopping.
SHOPPING
[Near a Universal Store]

Callie
You know, no matter how many days you spend at Universal Orlando,
you will keep these memories for the rest of your life. But you can keep
so much more than that! If you visit one of the Universal Stores, you
can take home apparel, toys, souvenirs, even props from your favorite
characters!
And the truth is, guys, no matter who your favorite character is, there
is some great stuff to take home from Universal Orlando. So, make sure
you put shopping into your budget, but also try not to get carried away.
We’ll see how I do!
[At a Universal Store]

Callie:
OK, fine! So it’s easy to get carried away! But the good news is that if
you do, you don’t have to carry around your shopping bags for the rest
of the day. Universal Orlando will let you leave your shopping bags near
the exit, where you can easily and safely pick them up before you leave.
Or, if you’re staying at one of the resorts, you can actually have your
shopping bags delivered to your room. And the only thing you have to
do to take advantage of the service is to let the cashier know that you
want your bags delivered later to your room for free.
Yep! See? You’ve been with me the whole day, and you thought that I
had just controlled myself! Oh, no…I just didn’t want to carry around my
own bags, and I think I’m going to do it again. Oh, excuse me?

113
COMPRAS
[Perto de uma loja do Universal]

Callie:
Sabe, não importa quantos dias você passe no Universal Orlando, você
vai guardar essas lembranças pelo resto da sua vida. Mas você pode
guardar muito mais que isso! Se você visitar uma das lojas do Universal,
você pode comprar roupas, brinquedos, suvenires e até artigos dos seus
personagens favoritos!
E a verdade, pessoal, é que, não importa quem seja seu personagem

favorito, há muitas coisas legais do Universal Orlando para levar para
casa. Então, não se esqueça de colocar compras no seu orçamento, mas
também tente não se empolgar demais. Veremos como eu me saio!
[Em uma loja do Universal]

Callie:
Sim, tá bom! É fácil se empolgar demais! Mas a boa notícia é que, se isso
acontecer, você não precisa ficar carregando suas sacolas de compras
pelo resto do dia. O Universal Orlando permite que você deixe suas
sacolas perto da saída, onde você pode pegá-las de forma fácil e segura
antes de ir embora. Ou, se você estiver hospedado em um dos resorts,
pode pedir que suas sacolas sejam entregues no seu quarto. E a única
coisa que você precisa fazer para aproveitar esse serviço é informar ao
caixa que você quer que suas sacolas sejam entregues mais tarde no
seu quarto, de graça!
Sim! Viu? Você me acompanhou o dia todo e pensou que eu tivesse me

controlado! Não... eu só não queria ficar carregando sacolas. E acho que
farei isso novamente. Com licença!

Part 2.
In this chapter, we will see the most common products offered at the park stores,
possible interactions when going shopping, and some advantages of shopping
at the parks.
In every theme park, we can find all kinds of stores, such as:
STORES
Souvenir shop Theme store

Loja de suvenires ou Loja temáticas de personagens,
lembrancinhas filmes e desenhos
Toy store Candy store

Loja de brinquedos Loja de doces
Beverage store/kiosk
Loja/Quiosque especializado em bebidas
The most common souvenirs you will definitely find in the parks are:
SOUVENIRS
Keychains T-shirts Sweatshirts

Chaveiros Camisetas Agasalhos de moletom

115
Buttons Caps Mugs

Broches Bonés Canecas
Fridge magnets Pens Pencils

Ímãs de geladeira Canetas Lápis
And you can also find great toys, such as:
TOYS
Board games Stuffed characters

Jogos de tabuleiro Personagens de pelúcia

116
Dolls Action figures

Bonecas(os) Bonecos de ação
If you are in a theme park store, it’s not very likely that the salespeople will
approach you offering help. These stores are huge, so, typically, this is what
happens there:
You choose what you want to buy.

Você escolhe o que quer comprar.
You check the price. You pay for it.

Você verifica o preço. Você paga pelo produto.
Just bear in mind that the sales tax must be added to the price on the tag. Sales
taxes vary from state to state. In Florida, for example, they are around 6%.
If you are not sure how much they cost where you are, you can always check that
online or ask a staff member. You can say:
How much is the sales tax here?

Quanto é o imposto sobre vendas aqui?
But the salespeople may approach you if you have too many
products in your hands. And they may say:
Excuse me. Would you like a shopping bag?

Com licença. Você gostaria de uma sacola de compras?
Excuse me. Can I get you a shopping basket?

Com licença. Posso pegar uma cesta de compras para você?

117
To which you only have to answer:
Yes, please. No, thank you.

Sim, por favor. Não, obrigado(a).
In case you need some extra help, you can look for a staff member. You should approach them
by saying Excuse me. Have a look:
Excuse me. Can/Could you help me?

Com licença. Você pode/poderia me ajudar?
Excuse me. Where can I find princess dolls?

Com licença. Onde posso encontrar bonecas de princesas?
Excuse me. How much is this board game?

Com licença. Quanto é este jogo de tabuleiro?
Excuse me. Can you check the price of this board game for me, please?
Com licença. Você pode verificar o preço deste jogo de tabuleiro para mim, por favor?
You might also want to ask questions about the sizes and colors of
clothes. In this case, you can say:
Do you have this in [size number]?

Você tem isto em [ número do tamanho]?
Do you have this in size small/medium/large?

Você tem isto em tamanho pequeno/médio/grande?
Have you got this in white/black/blue/yellow/red?

Você tem isso em branco/preto/azul/amarelo/vermelho?

118
After choosing what to buy, you just have to go to the cashier or checkout and pay. To ask about payment
methods, you can say:
Do you take all credit cards? Can I pay with a debit card?
Vocês aceitam todos os cartões de crédito? Posso pagar com um cartão de débito?
Some theme parks offer the advantage of keeping your bags for free until you
leave the park or having them delivered at your hotel. If you are interested, you
can request it at checkout:
I’d like to pick up my purchase on my way out.

Eu gostaria de pegar as minhas compras na saída.
I’d like to have my purchase delivered to my hotel.

Eu gostaria que as minhas compras fossem entregues no meu hotel.
Where should I go to pick up my purchase?

Onde eu devo ir para pegar as minhas compras?
To pick up your bags, you will probably be asked to present some proof of purchase, such as:
Your receipt Your ID Your admission ticket

Seu recibo de compra Um documento de identidade Seu ingresso / Sua entrada
To confirm it, you can ask:
Do I need to show an ID / the receipt / my admission ticket?

Eu preciso apresentar um documento de identidade / o recibo / meu ingresso?
Now you know all about the most common products offered at the
park stores, possible interactions when going shopping, and some
advantages of shopping at the parks.

119
Part 3.
Activities
( 1 ) Store ( 7 ) Sweatshirts ( ) Lápis ( ) Doce
( 2 ) Beverage ( 8 ) Buttons ( ) Brinquedo ( ) Bonés
( 3 ) Candy ( 9 ) Keychains ( ) Agasalhos de ( ) Loja

moletom
( 4 ) Toy ( 10 ) Caps ( ) Broches
( )C
anetas
( 5 ) Mugs ( 11 ) Pens ( ) Ímãs de geladeira
( ) Chaveiros
( 6 ) Fridge magnets ( 12 ) Pencils ( ) Bebida
( ) Canecas
a) Excuse me. Where can I find princess ?

Com licença. Onde posso encontrar bonecas de princesas?
b) Excuse me. How much is this ?

Com licença. Quanto é este jogo de tabuleiro?
d. shopping bag
c) How much is the here?

f. yellow
e. large
Quanto é o imposto sobre vendas aqui?

d) Excuse me. Would you like a ?

b. board game
Com licença. Você gostaria de uma sacola de compras?

c. sales tax
a. dolls
e) Do you have this in size ?

Você tem isto em tamanho grande?
12 / 4 / 7 / 11 / 9 / 5 / 3 /
f) Have you got this in ?

10 / 1 / 8 / 6 / 2
Você tem isso em amarelo?

120
Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn how to make requests and to talk about past events and
abilities in the past.
So far, you have studied lots of language items used to make requests that will help
you communicate while buying something. And here, the modal verbs are going to be
extremely useful.
Have a look at these examples:
MAKING RE QUESTS
Excuse me. Can you help me? Excuse me. Could you help me?
Com licença. Você pode me ajudar? Com licença. Você poderia me ajudar?
Here, you see that we used can and could to make requests. Notice that you will use could
when you want to make a request in a more polite and formal way. But, depending on the
context, could can also convey the idea of probability, in the sense that there is a chance that
something will happen. For example:
PROBABILIT Y
You could find your favorite character plush toy at the theme park stores.
Você poderia achar o boneco de pelúcia do seu personagem favorito nas lojas dos parques.
You can also use could in the negative to talk about things that are not likely, or
not even possible to happen.

121
For example, suppose you are doing some shopping, and when it comes to
paying, your credit card is declined. The attendant says:
IMPROBABILIT Y AND RE QUESTS
I’m sorry, but your credit card has been declined.

Sinto muito, mas seu cartão de crédito foi recusado.
That couldn’t be more inconvenient…I’ve just bought lunch

with this credit card. Could you try it again?
Isso é muito inconveniente... Eu acabei de comprar meu almoço
com esse cartão. Você poderia tentar de novo?
Could can also be used to talk about ability in the past. In this context, could works as the past
of can, which may convey an idea of ability in the present. Compare these sentences:
We can speak English. Ability in the present

Nós podemos falar inglês. Habilidade no presente
We could speak English when we were young. Ability in the past

Nós podíamos falar inglês quando éramos jovens. Habilidade no passado
Notice in the second sentence, the part that reads when we were young. The verb to be is
conjugated in the past.
Were and was are the two possible conjugations of the verb to be in the simple past, and they
will vary depending on the subject. Let’s take a closer look at it:
SIMPLE PAST – VERB TO BE

Affirmative Form
I was it was
eu estava/era ele; ela estava/era
you were we were

você estava/era nós estávamos/éramos
he was you were

ele estava/era vocês estavam/eram
she was they were

ela estava/era eles; elas estavam/eram

122

Affirmative Form
Joyce was at the theme park with her parents yesterday.

Joyce estava no parque temático com seus pais ontem.
They were really happy!

Eles estavam muito felizes!
In the negative form, we add not after the verb to be, so it becomes was not, or
wasn’t, and were not, or weren’t.
When we choose the non-contracted form, we emphasize the negative idea. But
contracted forms are more commonly used. Look at these examples:

Negative Form
The park wasn’t very crowded last Saturday.

O parque não estava muito cheio sábado passado.
Therefore, the lines weren’t so long.

Com isso, as filas não estavam tão longas.
So, to make the interrogative form, we follow the same logic as the interrogative
form of the verb to be in the present, that is, just invert the position of the verb to
be with the subject. Take a look at this dialogue:

Interrogative Form
- Were the park stores open last weekend?

As lojas do parque estavam abertas no fim de semana passado?
- Yes! We could get some nice stuff there.

Sim! A gente conseguiu comprar umas coisas legais lá.

123
- Cool! What was your favorite store?

Legal! Qual foi sua loja favorita?
- The one that sells candies! They’re delicious!

A que vende doces! Eles são deliciosos!
You can see that the general structure of the verb to be does not change, no
matter if it is used to talk about situations in the present or the past. What will
really change is the conjugation for each person.
The simple past of the other verbs will follow the general structure similar to the
simple present of the other verbs. The difference is that there will be an inflection
of the main verb in the affirmative, but there will be no changes in the conjugation
for each person. Let’s take a look at it to make it clearer:
SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative Form
Subject + Main Verb (in the past) + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo Principal ( no passado) + Complemento
You must know that verbs in the simple past are divided into two groups: regular verbs and
irregular verbs.
Most verbs in the past are regular, and they follow a conjugation pattern—adding the endings
-ED, -D, or -IED, according to how the verb ends in its base form.
On the other hand, irregular verbs won’t follow a conjugation pattern, so each verb will have its
conjugation in the past.
Take a look at an example in the simple past with two different types of verbs:
SIM PLE PAST

Affirmative Form
Joe wanted some T-shirts with his favorite characters. He bought five of them yesterday.
Joe queria umas camisetas com seus personagens favoritos. Ele comprou cinco ontem.

124
As you can see, the verb want is regular, so we add -ED to form the past. The
verb bought is the past of to buy, which is irregular.
Let’s take a look at the general structure of the negative and interrogative forms.
You will have to use an auxiliary verb to make both negative and interrogative
forms. Have a look:
SIMPLE PAST
Negative Form
Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Not + Main Verb + Complement
Sujeito + Verbo Auxiliar + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Interrogative Form
Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement
Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Two important details: in both negative and interrogative forms, when we add the
auxiliary verb, the main verb goes back to its base form. That is, it is no longer
conjugated in the past. The only particle that will be conjugated in the past in
these two cases is the auxiliary verb. In the simple past, you will use did, which
is the past of do—the auxiliary verb that we used in the simple present. Let’s see
some examples.
SIMPLE PAST
Negative Form
Joe didn’t buy mugs and key chains at the theme park yesterday.
Joe não comprou canecas e chaveiros no parque temático ontem.
Interrogative Form
Did Joe pay for the T-shirts with a credit card?
Joe pagou pelas camisetas com cartão de crédito?
It doesn’t matter if the verb is regular or irregular. The negative and interrogative
forms are made the same way.

125
In this chapter, you have seen how to use the modal verb
could to make requests and to talk about abilities in the
past, and how to use the verb to be and the other verbs
in the simple past. If you want to learn more about these
topics, you can refer to the Grammar Guide section at the
end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Irregular Verbs – Past Page 178 w

Modal Verb Could Page 184 w
Regular Verbs Page 245 w
Simple Past – Other Verbs Page 249 w
Simple Past – Verb To Be Page 255 w

Part 5.
Activities
A. Change the sentences into the interrogative, negative, or affirmative forms.
a) Joe didn’t buy mugs and keychains at the d) He bought five of them yesterday.
theme park yesterday.
(interrogative)
(affirmative)
e) Were the park stores open last weekend?
b) Did Joe pay for the T-shirts with a credit
(affirmative)
card?
f) We could get some nice stuff there.
( negative)
( negative)
c) Joe wanted some T-shirts with his favorite
characters.
(interrogative)
B. Complete with the correct form of the verb to be according to the translation.
b. were not (weren’t)

a) The park very crowded last Saturday.
a. was not (wasn’t)

O parque não estava muito cheio sábado passado.
d. were
f. were
e. was
b) Therefore, the lines so long. c. was
Com isso, as filas não estavam tão longas.

a. Joe bought mugs and key chains at the theme park yesterday.
b. Joe did not (didn’t) pay for the T-shirts with a credit card.
c. Did Joe want some T-shirts with his favorite characters?
c) Joyce at the theme park with her parents yesterday.

Joyce estava no parque temático com seus pais ontem.
f. We could not (couldn’t) get some nice stuff there.
e. The park stores were open last weekend.
d) They really happy!

Eles estavam muito felizes!
d. Did he buy five of them yesterday?
e) What your favorite store?

Qual foi sua loja favorita?
f) We could speak English when we young.

Nós podíamos falar inglês quando éramos jovens.

127
Mealtime.
Part 1.
This is our last chapter on Theme Parks. So far, you have seen how to get
your tickets and how to get to the parks, as well as the rides, attractions, and
conveniences you can find there. You have also seen some cool tips on shopping
at the park stores. In this chapter, you will see how to get a meal and order food.
You will also see some important language items and vocabulary to help you out
while doing it.
Now look at the script of Mealtime.
MEALTIME
[At CityWalk]
Callie
If you’re going to spend a day at Universal Orlando, you’re definitely going
to have a ton of fun! But we’ve all got to stop to eat and drink sometimes, so
why not make that part of the fun?
There are tons of restaurant options throughout the resort, and if you are
on a budget, you can often get items ahead of time and bundle them with
your admission ticket. For example, there’s a souvenir cup that you can get
for less than US$20 either here in the park or ahead of time. But this? This is
the place where it really all comes together. This is the CityWalk, or, as the
Universal team members like to call it, “The Epicenter of Awesome!”
Universal CityWalk has entertainment for the entire family. We’re talking
shopping, shows, dining, nightclubs, it all comes together in one amazing
place! I mean, this is where Hard Rock Cafe Orlando is. It’s also where you
can see famous artists perform, or you can just party it away at a dance club,
like The Groove. And the best news is you don’t need a ticket to be here! So,
you can come to CityWalk every single night if you want to. Don’t get me
wrong; you will pay for admission to a nightclub or for dining. So, if you really
do want to dance the night away, the best idea is to get a CityWalk Party
Pass, which allows you to go from club to club with free admission.
Guys, I’m telling you, the Universal team was totally right, this is the epicenter
of awesome! And fun is guaranteed every step of the way!
So, take my word of advice: don't ever miss the chance to come and visit
Universal Orlando Resort.

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HORA DA REFEIÇÃO
[No CityWalk]
Callie:
Se você vai passar um dia no Universal Orlando, com certeza vai se
divertir muito! Mas todos nós precisamos parar para comer e beber de
vez em quando, então, por que não fazer disso parte da diversão?
Há várias opções de restaurantes por todo o resort e, se você tem um

orçamento apertado, pode comprar itens antecipadamente e agregá-los
à sua entrada! Por exemplo, você pode comprar um copo de suvenir por
menos de 20 dólares, tanto no parque quanto antecipadamente. Mas,
aqui? Aqui é o lugar onde tudo se junta. Este é o CityWalk, ou, como a
equipe do Universal gosta de falar, “O Epicentro do Incrível”!
O CityWalk da Universal tem entretenimento para a família toda.

Estamos falando de lojas, shows, restaurantes, casas noturnas, tudo
em um único lugar incrível! Aqui é onde fica o Hard Rock Cafe Orlando.
Também é onde você pode ver shows de grandes artistas ou se divertir
em uma casa noturna, como a The Groove. E o melhor é que você não
precisa de um ingresso para estar aqui! Então, você pode vir para o
CityWalk toda noite, se quiser. Não me entenda mal, você vai ter que
pagar para entrar em uma casa noturna ou para jantar. Então, se você
realmente quiser dançar a noite toda, o melhor é comprar um CityWalk
Party Pass, que te dá acesso às casas noturnas sem precisar pagar
entrada.
Pessoal, preciso dizer que a equipe do Universal estava coberta de

razão: aqui é o epicentro do incrível! E a diversão é garantida a todo
momento!
Então, siga meu conselho: não perca nunca a oportunidade de vir visitar
o Universal Orlando Resort.

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Part 2.
In this chapter, you will see the entertainment options offered at the theme park complexes,
possible interactions at restaurants and box offices, and some common expressions used to
place an order.
In the script, you read about Universal CityWalk, an entertainment district inside the Universal
complex that offers:
UNIVERSAL CIT Y WALK
Bars Restaurants Movie theaters Nightclubs Stores

Bares Restaurantes Salas de cinema Casas noturnas Lojas
Admission to CityWalk is free. However, you do have to pay to eat in the

restaurants and to go to the movies, bars, and nightclubs.
To help you save some money, here are different kinds of admission passes:
The CityWalk Party Pass, which gives you access to several nightclubs.
O CityWalk Party Pass, que te dá acesso a várias casas noturnas.
The CityWalk Party Pass and Movie, a combo that includes admission plus
a movie ticket.
O CityWalk Party Pass and Movie, um combo que inclui a entrada e um
ingresso para o cinema.

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The CityWalk Party Pass and Meal, so that you can grab a bite.
O CityWalk Party Pass and Meal, para que você possa fazer uma refeição.
The multi-day ticket, that gives you access to CityWalk for up to four days.
O multi-day ticket, que dá acesso ao CityWalk por até quatro dias.
It is also good to know that the restaurants and meals included in the
pass are pre-selected, so you have to check which ones you can have
as part of your combo. You can ask:
Is this restaurant part of the CityWalk pass?

Esse restaurante está incluído no passe do CityWalk?
Can I see the CityWalk Pass menu?

Posso ver o cardápio do passe do CityWalk?
If you are looking for a specific type of food, you can also ask:
Where can I have Japanese food / Italian food?

Onde eu posso comer comida japonesa/italiana?
Where can I have seafood?

Onde eu posso comer frutos do mar?
Notice that the verb to have can be synonymous with the verbs to eat and to
drink. It tends to be more practical, and it is quite common. Check it out.
I’ll eat the house spaghetti and drink a glass of wine.

Vou comer o espaguete da casa e tomar uma taça de vinho.
I’ll have the house spaghetti and a glass of wine.

Vou comer/querer o espaguete da casa e tomar uma taça de vinho.
Me vê o espaguete da casa e uma taça de vinho.

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Here are some options of drinks you can order:
BE VERAGES
Water Sparkling water Soda

Água Água com gás Refrigerante
Juice Beer Wine

Suco Cerveja Vinho
When you get to a restaurant, one of the first questions you will probably hear from your server
is about drinks. They can ask:
Can I bring you something to drink? What would you like to drink?
Posso te trazer alguma coisa para beber? O que você gostaria de beber?
After that, the server is going to ask you about your meal. So, they may ask:
Are you ready to order? Do you need a few more minutes?

Você está pronto para fazer o pedido? Você precisa de mais alguns minutos?
Vocês estão prontos para fazer o pedido? Vocês precisam de mais alguns minutos?

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To place the order, we can use I’ll have or I’d like, as previously seen.
When you finish your meal, you can ask for the check or the bill. Use the following sentences
to request that:
Can you bring us the check, please? / Can you bring us the bill, please?
Você pode nos trazer a conta, por favor?
Could you check us out, please? The check, please. / The bill, please.
Você poderia fechar a conta para a gente, por favor? A conta, por favor.
In case you want to go to bars, nightclubs, or to the movies, and rather than buying the entrance pass you
prefer to buy an admission ticket when you get there, you can say:
How much is the movie theater ticket? How much is the admission ticket?
Quanto é o ingresso do cinema? Quanto é a entrada?
I’ll have two tickets, please. I want two tickets, please.

Eu vou querer dois ingressos, por favor. Eu quero dois ingressos, por favor.
Bear in mind that saying I’ll have is a lot more common than using the verb to want in these contexts. It
sounds more natural and polite.
Now you know what entertainment options are

offered at theme park complexes, possible interactions
at restaurants and box offices, and some common
expressions used to place an order.

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Part 3.
Activities
( 1 ) Sparkling water ( 7 ) Seafood ( ) Fazer o pedido ( ) Casas noturnas
( 2 ) Check/Bill ( 8 ) Juice ( ) Frutos do mar ( ) Vinho
( 3 ) Movie theaters ( 9 ) Nightclubs ( ) Refrigerante ( ) Conta
( 4 ) To order ( 10 ) Beer ( )Á
gua ( ) Suco
( 5 ) Soda ( 11 ) Wine ( ) Cerveja ( )Á

gua com gás
( 6 ) Menu ( 12 ) Water ( ) Salas de cinema ( ) Cardápio
a) How much is the ?

Quanto é o ingresso do cinema?
b) How much is the ?

Quanto é a entrada? e. glass of wine
f. seafood
d. order
c) Can you bring us the , please?

Você pode nos trazer a conta, por favor?
a. movie theater ticket
b. admission ticket
d) Are you ready to ?

Vocês estão prontos para fazer o pedido?
c. check/bill
e) I’ll have the house spaghetti and a ?

Vou querer o espaguete da casa e uma taça de vinho.
4 / 7 / 5 / 12 / 10 / 3 / 9 /
f) Where can I have ?

11 / 2 / 8 / 1 / 6
Onde eu posso comer frutos do mar?

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Part 4.
In this chapter, you will learn how to talk about insufficient quantity and how to
use the articles and some connectors.
You have seen a little bit about how to express quantities in English when you
studied countable and uncountable nouns in a previous chapter. You saw that
quantities are represented by quantifiers, which can be cardinal numbers or
other classes of words.
Let’s see some other options that are widely used to express quantities and
determine nouns, starting with some examples of available options at Universal
CityWalk. Take a look:
QUANTIFIERS
There are many movie theaters you can choose from.

Tem muitas salas de cinema para você escolher.
Many indicates a large quantity. Now, have a look at the next one:
QUANTIFIERS
There are a few performances by famous artists there.

Tem algumas apresentações de artistas famosos lá.
Here, we used a few instead of few. That’s because a few is another quantifier
that we often use with countable nouns to convey a positive idea that there is
a small quantity, but enough. It is different from saying few, which necessarily
conveys a negative idea that something is insufficient or that we are running
out of it.

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Let’s think of an example in context. Imagine it is very late at night, but you are at
CityWalk and still want to go to another club. Pay attention to the dialogue:
A FE W ≠ FE W
- Let’s go inside. There may be a few people dancing.

Vamos entrar. Pode ter algumas pessoas dançando.
- It’s late. I think there must be few people inside now.

Está tarde. Eu acho que deve ter pouca gente aí dentro agora.
In the first sentence, a few conveys the idea of small, but sufficient quantity. In the second
sentence, though, few conveys the idea that the number of people inside is insufficient.
Now, although the ideas are different, one thing does not change. You will use few and a few
only with countable nouns.
There is also a way to express that same idea of insufficiency for uncountable nouns. In this
case, you will use little following the same logic. A little is used to say that there is a small, but
enough amount of something uncountable.
Let’s suppose you went to a restaurant at CityWalk for dinner. As you have your meal, the
server comes to check on how your dish is. So, you tell them:
A LITTLE ≠ LITTLE
It’s a little cold, but it’s okay.

Está um pouco frio, mas está bom.
Actually, the pasta has got little cheese. Could you bring me some, please?
Na verdade, a massa tem pouco queijo. Você poderia me trazer um pouco, por favor?
By saying it is a little cold, it means it is not hot enough. And by saying it has got little cheese,
it conveys the idea that there should be more to make it better.

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There is yet another word in English that also indicates quantity, but it is neither an adverb like
little, few, or many, nor a numeral like one, two, or three, for example.
It is the indefinite article a, and its variation an. You will use a when the word following the
article starts with a consonant sound. You will use an when the word immediately after the
article starts with a vowel sound. There is no difference in meaning.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
I’d like to go to a bar at CityWalk.

Eu gostaria de ir a um bar no CityWalk.
If they’re too crowded, going to a restaurant is an option too.

Se estiverem muito cheios, ir a um restaurante é uma opção também.
Bear in mind that we only use the indefinite article with indefinite singular
nouns because the indefinite article is equivalent to one. This number can even
replace it. Check it out.
A /AN = ONE
I’d like a cup of coffee, please.

I’d like one cup of coffee, please.
Eu gostaria de uma xícara de café, por favor.
You can choose to use whichever one you like. Just notice that the number one
emphasizes the quantity.
On the other hand, you will use the definite article to talk about specific things.
In English, there is only one definite article: the, with no variation. And, unlike the
indefinite article, the definite article the will be used both before singular and
plural nouns. Check it out:
DEFINITE ARTICLE
I’d like to go to the bar that serves colorful drinks.

Eu gostaria de ir ao bar que serve drinques coloridos.
The nightclubs at CityWalk are famous for hosting great parties.

As boates no CityWalk são famosas por darem festas ótimas.

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So far, you have seen some ways to determine the quantity of a noun and how to
specify whether it is defined or undefined within a context.
Going one step further, it is important to notice that there are specific words that
help build context in a coherent way. They are called connectors.
Take a look at this dialogue and pay attention to how ideas are connected:
CONNE CTORS
- How about some mini-golf and pizza at CityWalk tonight?

- Que tal minigolfe e pizza no CityWalk esta noite?
- All right! But I wouldn’t like to have pizza.

- Tudo bem! Mas eu não gostaria de comer pizza.
- Why not?
- Por que não?
- Because I’m on a diet.

- Porque eu estou de dieta.
The first connector is and, which is used when we want to add information. You
can also use besides that to convey the same idea. We can say, for example:
CONNE CTORS
Addition
I’d like to play mini-golf and have dinner.

Eu gostaria de jogar minigolfe e jantar.
I’d like to play mini-golf. Besides that, I want to have dinner.

Eu gostaria de jogar minigolfe. Além disso, eu quero jantar.

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The second connector in the dialogue is but. It is used to introduce an idea that contrasts the
one that was being presented. So, but connects contrasting ideas. You can also use however
in order to contrast ideas, but it sounds more formal than but. Check it out:
CONNE CTORS
Contrasting ideas
We can have some dinner, but I don’t want pizza.

A gente pode jantar, mas eu não quero pizza.
We can have some dinner. However, I don’t want pizza.

A gente pode jantar. No entanto, eu não quero pizza.
And finally, the last connector in the dialogue is because. This connector
introduces a reason. It usually appears after a question with why, but that’s not a
rule of thumb. Sometimes, it is used in the middle of a sentence, and can also be
substituted with ‘cause in everyday English. Have a look:
CONNE CTORS
Reason
Why don’t you wanna have pizza? Because I’m on a diet.

Por que você não quer comer pizza? Porque eu estou de dieta.
I don’t wanna have pizza ‘cause I’m on a diet.

Eu não quero comer pizza porque eu estou de dieta.
In addition to these, there are many other ways to connect ideas – it just depends
on what you want to express.
In this chapter, you have seen how to talk about insufficient quantity
and how to use the articles and some connectors. If you want to learn
more about these topics, you can refer to the Grammar Guide section
at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Connectors Page 159 w

Definite Article Page 171 w
Indefinite Article Page 174 w
Quantifiers Page 217 w

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Part 5.
Activities
A. Write A or An before the nouns.
a) bar d) restaurant
b) option e) cup of coffee
c) action figure f) all-day locker
B. Complete the sentences according to the translation.
a) We can have some dinner, I don’t want pizza.

A gente pode jantar, mas eu não quero pizza.
b) I’d like to play mini-golf have dinner.

Eu gostaria de jogar minigolfe e jantar.
c) I’d like to play mini-golf. , I want to have dinner.

Eu gostaria de jogar minigolfe. Além disso, eu quero jantar.
d) I don’t wanna have pizza I’m on a diet.

Eu não quero comer pizza porque eu estou de dieta.
e) Actually, the pasta has got cheese.

Na verdade, a massa tem pouco queijo.
f) There may be people dancing.

Pode ter algumas pessoas dançando.
f. a few f. An
e. little e. A
d. because/‘cause d. A
c. Besides that c. An
b. and b. An
a. but a. A

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Grammar Guide.
Adjectives
Adjectives are used to describe ADJE CTIVES
things. We can use adjectives to Subject + Verb + Adjective
describe objects, people, places,
the weather, and food, for example.
Mary is smart.
Adjectives don’t have singular Mary é esperta.
or plural forms or feminine and (subject: Mary + verb: is + adjective: smart)
masculine, and they always refer
to nouns or pronouns. John is smart.
Adjectives are used mainly in two John é esperto.
positions. In the first one, a noun or a (subject: John + verb: is + adjective: smart)
pronoun is the subject of the sentence,
followed by the verb and the adjective. Mary and John are smart.
Mary e John são espertos.
(subject: Mary and John + verb: are + adjective: smart)
The other position for adjectives is right before the noun to which they refer.
In this case, we’ll have a determiner (if necessary), the adjective and the noun.
Take a look:
ADJE CTIVES
(Determiner) + Adjective + Noun
Mary has a great job.

Mary tem um ótimo emprego.
(determiner: a + adjective: great + noun: job)
John has a great job.

John tem um ótimo emprego.
(determiner: a + adjective: great + noun: job)
Mary and John have great jobs.

Mary e John têm ótimos empregos.
( no determiner + adjective: great + noun: job)

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In this second structure, it’s possible to use a determiner or not. But what is a determiner?
A determiner can be an article, such as the, a, or an; a demonstrative, such as this, that,
these, or those; or a possessive adjective, such as my, your, his, her, its, our, or their.
DE TERMINERS
Article: the/a/an
Artigo: o(a) / um(a)
Demonstratives: this; these / that; those

Pronomes demonstrativos: este(a), esse(a); estes(as) esses(as) / aquele(a); aqueles(as)
Possessive adjectives: my / your / his / her / its / our / their

Pronomes possessivos: meu(s); minha(s) / teu(s); tua(s); seu(s); sua(s) /
seu; sua; dele; dela / nosso(s); nossa(s) / seus; suas; deles; delas
Let’s see some examples with determiners before the adjective and the noun.
ADJE CTIVES
(Determiner) + Adjective + Noun
Chris is the best student in the class.

Chris é o melhor aluno da sala.
(determiner: the + adjective: best + noun: student)
Look at those cute dogs!

Olha aqueles cachorros fofos!
(determiner: those + adjective: cute + noun: dogs)
Chocolate is my favorite dessert.

Chocolate é minha sobremesa favorita.
(determiner: my + adjective: favorite + noun: dessert)

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It’s possible to use two or more adjectives in a sentence. Look at the example:
ADJE CTIVES
Carnival is a beautiful big old festival.

O Carnaval é uma grande e bonita festa antiga.
(determiner: a + adjectives: beautiful, big, and old + noun: festival)
When you use more than one adjective in a sentence, there is an order to be followed. Check it out:
ADJE CTIVE ORDER
1st – Opinion 2nd – Size

Example: Amazing, beautiful, nice. Example: Big, small, tall, short.
Exemplo: Incrível, bonito(a), legal. Exemplo: Grande, pequeno(a), alto(a), baixo(a).
3rd – Physical characteristics 4th – Shape

Example: Thin, tall, short. Example: Round, square, rectangular.
Exemplo: Magro(a), alto(a), baixo(a). Exemplo: Redondo(a), quadrado(a), retangular.
5th – Age 6th – Color

Example: Old and young. Example: Blue, red, yellow.
Exemplo: Velho(a) e novo(a). Exemplo: Azul, vermelho(a), amarelo(a).
3rd – Physical characteristics 8th – Material

Example: Japanese, Italian, American. Example: Wooden, plastic, glass.
Exemplo: Japonês(esa), Italiano(a), Americano(a). Exemplo: De madeira, de plástico, de vidro.
9th – Type 10th – Purpose

Example: General, specific. Example: Cooking, cleaning, teaching.
Exemplo: Geral, específico(a). Exemplo: Para cozinhar, limpar, ensinar.
It’s not common to use many adjectives for the same noun, but it’s possible.
This is how adjectives are used in English.

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Be +
Going To (Future)
The structure be + going to is often used to refer to the future.
When the structure be + going to refers to the future, the verb to be is used in
the simple present followed by going to and a verb in its base form.
BE + GOING TO: FUTURE
Be (Simple Present) + Going to + Verb (Base Form)
I’m going to travel next week.

Eu vou viajar semana que vem.
We use be + going to when we want to talk about future events or actions that were planned
beforehand. That is, when we use this structure, we may want to emphasize the fact that we
have been planning this future event.
BE + GOING TO
We are going to buy a new house.

Nós vamos comprar uma casa nova.
(The people who made this decision had to reach an agreement to decide
when, why, and how to do that.)
I am going to Mexico on my next vacation.

Eu estou indo para o México nas minhas próximas férias.
(I had to decide the destination, choose the dates, book a flight, a hotel, a car, etc.)

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Be + going to is also used to talk about predictions based on evidence. That is, according to
the speaker’s point of view, there’s evidence that this future event is going to happen.
BE + GOING TO
It’s really cloudy. It is going to rain.

Está muito nublado. Vai chover.
(The cloudy sky is an evidence.)
It’s the second time you arrive late. You are going to get into serious trouble.
É a segunda vez que você chega atrasado. Você vai ter sérios problemas.
(From the speaker’s knowledge of the facts, arriving late again is
evidence that you are getting into trouble.)
Another use of be + going to is to insist that people do or do not things. This is a

way to add emphasis to the fact that something is obligatory. Check some examples.
BE + GOING TO
You are going to wash your hand before you sit at the table.
Você vai lavar a mão antes de se sentar à mesa.
(You are telling what the person has to do, emphasizing the person has to
wash their hands first).
You are not going to play until you finish your homework.
Você não vai brincar até terminar a sua lição de casa.
(You are saying what is not going to happen—play—if something isn’t done
before—the homework.)
In informal speech, you can replace going to with gonna.
BE + GOING TO
I’m gonna talk to her.

Eu vou falar com ela.
(gonna = going to)

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Now, analyze the use of will and be + going to when referring to the future.
Mostly, you can use them interchangeably. The differences in use may be very
subtle and have a lot to do with the speaker’s intention. That happens because
choosing between will or be + going to depends on the speaker’s perspective
and interpretation of that future event. In some contexts, one structure might
sound more natural than the other.
Imagine this situation. There is a man named John

WILL VS. BE + GOING TO
who decides to propose to his girlfriend, Julia. In this
case, will is preferred.
Julia, will you marry me?

Julia, você quer se casar comigo?
There are some reasons why asking this question with will sounds more natural
and more appropriate than with going to.
First, the modal verb will convey an idea of willingness, that is, something
you want to do or want it to happen.
Primeiro, o modal verb will traz uma ideia de vontade, ou seja, algo que você
quer fazer ou quer que aconteça.
Second, John expects Julia to make an instant decision. That is, John may
have planned to propose to Julia, but Julia is listening to that for the first
time, and she’s expected to make a decision about that future event at the
moment of the conversation.
Segundo, o John espera que a Julia tome uma decisão imediata. Ou seja, o
John pode ter planejado pedir a Julia em casamento, mas a Julia está ouvindo
a proposta pela primeira vez, e espera-se que ela tome uma decisão sobre
esse evento futuro no momento da conversa.

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Now imagine that Julia accepts John’s proposal. They schedule a date
and start to plan the wedding. Julia goes to a bridal shop to choose the
dress and the salesperson may ask her about the wedding.
In this situation, be + going to sounds more natural and even more
appropriate since Julia and John have been planning this future
event beforehand.
Salesperson: When is the wedding?

Vendedor: Quando é o casamento?
Julia: It’s going to be in June.

Julia: Vai ser em junho.
Now you know more about the structure be + going to, its uses, and some
differences between will and be + going to.

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Cardinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers are used to talk about quantity. Numbers such as one,
five, twelve, and two hundred are cardinal numbers. They can be used to
refer to anything, including people. Check out some examples:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Bob owns two companies.

Bob tem duas empresas.
Lisa works forty-four hours a week.

Lisa trabalha quarenta e quatro horas por semana.
There were about thirty thousand people at the stadium.

Havia aproximadamente trinta mil pessoas no estádio.
Here is a list with some common cardinal numbers:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
0 – Zero 10 – Ten 20 – Twenty

1 – One 11 – Eleven 21 – Twenty-one
2 – Two 12 – Twelve 22 – Twenty-two
3 – Three 13 – Thirteen 30 – Thirty
4 – Four 14 – Fourteen 40 – Forty
5 – Five 15 – Fifteen 50 – Fifty
6 – Six 16 – Sixteen 60 - Sixty
7 – Seven 17 – Seventeen 70 – Seventy
8 – Eight 18 – Eighteen 80 – Eighty
9 – Nine 19 – Nineteen 90 – Ninety

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Now check how we spell the hundreds and thousands:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Hundreds Thousands/Millions/Billions
100 – One hundred 1,000 – one thousand
A hundred
1,500 – one thousand five hundred
200 – Two hundred fifteen hundred
300 – Three hundred 1,800 – one thousand eight hundred
400 – Four hundred eighteen hundred
500 – Five hundred 100,000 – one hundred thousand
600 – Six hundred 1,000,000 – one million
700 – Seven hundred 100,000,000 – one hundred million
800 – Eight hundred 1,000,000,000 – one billion
900 – Nine hundred 10,000,000,000 – ten billion
Notice that in English, the thousands, millions, and billions are usually separated by commas.
Round numbers between 1,100 and 1,900 can be spoken in two different ways. For example, the
number 1,500 can be pronounced as fifteen hundred or one thousand five hundred. It’s common
in informal contexts.
We generally use a instead of one to say a hundred, a thousand, and a million. We will use one
hundred, one thousand, or one million when we want to give emphasis to the exact quantity.
Compare:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
A or One
What would you do if you had a billion dollars? (Neutral)

O que você faria se tivesse um bilhão de dólares? (Neutro)
One billion dollars? I have no idea! (Emphasizing)

Um bilhão de dólares? Eu não tenho ideia. (Enfático)
The next gas station is about a hundred miles from here. (Neutral)
O próximo posto de gasolina fica a mais ou menos cem milhas daqui. (Neutro)
Do we really have to drive one hundred miles up to the next gas station? (Emphasizing)
A gente tem mesmo que dirigir cem milhas até o próximo posto de gasolina? (Enfático)

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Since cardinal numbers are used to specify quantities, it is very common to use them when we talk about
prices and values. For example:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Prices and Values
I bought an airline ticket from New York to Sydney for twelve hundred dollars (U$ 1,200).
Eu comprei uma passagem de Nova York a Sydney por mil e duzentos dólares.
We went to a store where everything was three dollars ninety-nine cents (U$ 3.99).
Fomos a uma loja em que tudo custava três dólares e noventa e nove centavos.
We will also use cardinal numbers to talk about years and decades.
When we talk about years, there are some variations in the spoken language. Years are usually pronounced
in two blocks. For instance, 1776 is pronounced as seventeen (17) seventy-six (76).
But years can also be pronounced as one block, especially the years after the year two thousand, 2000.
For instance, the year 2016 is commonly pronounced as two thousand sixteen, but you may hear people
saying twenty (20) sixteen (16).
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Years
Cabral arrived in Brazil in 1500 (fifteen hundred).

Cabral chegou ao Brasil em 1500.
The United States declaration of independence was in July 1776 (seventeen seventy-six).
A declaração de independência dos Estados Unidos foi em julho de 1776.
The Summer Olympic Games in Rio were in 2016 (two thousand sixteen / twenty sixteen).
Os Jogos Olímpicos de verão no Rio foram em 2016.
In 2018 (two thousand eighteen / twenty eighteen), the World Cup was in Russia.
Em 2018, a Copa do Mundo foi na Rússia.

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When we want to refer to a whole decade in the written language,
we will normally use the decade followed by S preceded or not by an
apostrophe. Check it out:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Decades
My mother met my father in the 70’s (seventies).

Minha mãe conheceu meu pai nos anos 70.
I was born in the 80s (eighties).

Eu nasci nos anos 80.
And now you know how to read and use cardinal numbers.

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Compound Words
Compound words are two or more words together that form a new word with a different meaning.
In the first picture, we can see a red wall. “Wall” is a noun; in the second picture, we see some pieces of
paper, which is also a noun. But when we join these two words, wall + paper, we make another word, which
is wallpaper.
COMPOUND WORDS
Noun + Noun
This is a red wall. These are pieces of paper.

Isto é uma parede vermelha. Estes são pedaços de papel.
These men are sticking wallpaper.

Estes homens estão colando papel de parede.

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We can make compounds with several word classes, like adverbs, verbs, pronouns,
numerals, prepositions, conjunctions, and adjectives.
It is important to notice that words in different classes can form a new compound.
For example: Day is a noun, and dream is a verb; together they form the compound
verb to daydream.
Check out some examples.
COMPOUND WORDS
tooth + brush noun: toothbrush

dente + escova substantivo: escova de dente.
day + dream verb: daydream

dia + sonho verbo: sonhar acordado.
now + days adverb: nowadays

agora + dias advérbio: hoje em dia.
every + one pronoun: everyone

todo + um pronome: todos
twenty + three numeral: twenty-three

vinte + três numeral: vinte e três
in + to preposition: into
em + para preposição: para dentro
how + ever conjunction: however

como + sempre conjunção: contudo
fat + free adjective: fat-free

gordura + livre adjetivo: sem gordura
Compound words may be written as

COMPOUND WORDS
a single word formed by joining two
Closed or Solid Compound
words, or as two or more words that
might be separated by a hyphen.
The greenhouse effect is a consequence of pollution.
When it is written as one word, we
O efeito estufa é uma consequência da poluição.
call it a solid or closed compound.
(“Greenhouse” is formed by joining the adjective “green”
+ the noun “house,” but it is written as one word.)

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However, when compound adjectives are formed by two or more words, they are
either hyphenated, which means a hyphen separates the words, or open, which
means it’s formed by two isolated words.
When a compound adjective with two or more words comes before the noun, we
use a hyphen, even if the adjective is not spelled with a hyphen.
COMPOUND WORDS
Hyphenated
He is a world-famous soccer player.
Ele é um jogador de futebol mundialmente famoso.
(It is hyphenated because the compound adjective “world-famous”
comes before the noun “soccer player.”)
Open
This restaurant is world famous.
Este restaurante é mundialmente famoso.
(In this sentence, the compound adjective “world famous” is referring to
“this restaurant,” but it is not placed before it, so we don’t use a hyphen.)
Although compound adjectives with two words may not have hyphens, they are
often needed, regardless of their position in the sentence. Check some examples.
COMPOUND WORDS
Hyphenated
He is a good-looking guy.
Ele é um cara bonito / de boa aparência.
(In this sentence, the word “good-looking” is linked
by a hyphen and works as an adjective.)
She is an open-minded person.

Ela é uma pessoa de mente aberta.
(Here, we used “open” and “minded” to say what we think
about the way she thinks and sees things.)

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It is important to say that adjectives have no plural form in English. The subject, the
verb, and the noun have plural forms, but the compound adjectives remain the same,
that is, with no plural. Check it out:
COMPOUND WORDS
Plural Sentences
They are good-looking guys.

Eles são caras de boa aparência.
(The subject and the verb are in the plural. The noun is
also in the plural, but the adjective remains the same).
They are open-minded people.

Eles são pessoas de mente aberta.
(Here, we used “open” and “minded” to say what we think
about the way they think and see things.)
It’s important to notice that there are many possibilities to create compound adjectives, and the
speaker often has the choice to use them or not. It typically happens with numbers informing
age, figures, measurements, etc.
COMPOUND WORDS
Numerals
He is 6 years old.
Ele tem 6 anos.
He is a 6-year-old boy.
Ele é um garoto de 6 anos de idade.
(In this sentence, “6-year-old” functions as an adjective that modifies the noun boy.)

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Check some other examples in which compound adjectives contain numerals.
COMPOUND WORDS
Numerals
I only have a 100-dollar bill.

Eu só tenho uma nota de 100 dólares.
(Here, “100-dollar” works as an adjective; that’s why it’s hyphenated.)
A daily 2-mile run keeps Bob in shape.

Uma corrida diária de 2 milhas mantém o Bob em forma.
(“2-mile” qualifies the run, functioning as an adjective).
We bought a three-day ticket to the park.

Nós compramos um ingresso de três dias para o parque.
(In this sentence, “three-day ticket” is a type of ticket, so “three-day” functions as an adjective).
Compounds can also be created out of statements that do not contain numerals as well.
COMPOUND WORDS
Statements
He is a journalist, and he has won a Pulitzer Prize. He is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist.

Ele é um jornalista, e ganhou um prêmio Pulitzer. Ele é um jornalista vencedor do prêmio Pulitzer.
The cost of these products is low. These are low-cost products.

O custo destes produtos é baixo. Estes são produtos de baixo custo.
And now you can recognize, use, and create compound words.

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Connectors
Connectors are words used to join other words, phrases, sentences, or
paragraphs. They can be used to convey ideas of addition, contrast, conclusion,
logical consequence, or cause, among others. Connectors help the flow of the
speech both in written and spoken language.
In spoken language, it is natural to use fewer connectors, since the sentences
tend to be shorter. But in written language, it is advisable to connect paragraphs
and ideas in different ways.
It is important to be able to recognize the connectors when you see them in a text
to understand the ideas they convey.
Let’s see a few of them grouped according to their main ideas.
CONNE CTORS
Addition
I need to study and write a paper for tomorrow.

Eu preciso estudar e escrever um artigo para amanhã.
The new quarterback played badly. In addition to that,

he was rude during the press conference.
O novo quarterback jogou mal. Além disso,
ele foi grosseiro na coletiva de imprensa.
The price is reasonable. Moreover, the location is perfect.

The price is reasonable. Besides that, the location is perfect.
O preço é justo. Além disso, a localização é perfeita.

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Connectors are also used to contrast ideas and information.
CONNE CTORS
Contrast
The player had an injury during the game, but he played amazingly.
O jogador sofreu uma lesão durante o jogo, mas jogou de maneira surpreendente.
The player had an injury during the game; however, he played amazingly.
O jogador sofreu uma lesão durante o jogo; no entanto, jogou de maneira surpreendente.
Although she studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam.

Though she studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam.
Embora ela tenha estudado muito, ela não passou na prova.
Some connectors sound more formal than others. Nonetheless,

they convey the same idea.
CONNE CTORS
Contrast
Our vacations were great in spite of the bad weather.

Our vacations were great despite the bad weather.
Nossas férias foram ótimas, apesar do mau tempo.
These are common connectors used to refer to logical consequences or conclusions.
CONNE CTORS
Conclusion
The product was damaged, so she asked for a refund.

O produto estava danificado, então ela pediu um reembolso.
Some clients reported bugs. Therefore, we’ll have to release a new version to fix them.
Alguns clientes relataram erros. Portanto, teremos que lançar uma nova versão para corrigi-los.

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It’s common to use connectors to explain reasons or a cause.
CONNE CTORS
Reason
I read this book because my friend recommended it.

Eu li esse livro porque um amigo o recomendou.
The traffic is jammed due to the holiday.

O trânsito está engarrafado devido ao feriado.
As I had to arrive earlier at work, I didn’t go to the gym.

Como eu tinha que chegar mais cedo ao trabalho, eu não fui à academia.
They decided not to go to the beach, since it was raining.

Eles decidiram não ir à praia, já que estava chovendo.
Now you know what connectors are and how to use them.
Remember that, in most cases, using one or the other is just a matter of choice.
However, one connector may be more appropriate than the other, and that depends on whether
you are speaking or writing, or on how formal or informal the context is.

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Contraction of Verbs
Contractions are shorter forms of a word, syllable, or word group. They are very
common in spoken language and informal writing.
In English, two of the most frequent contractions are with the verbs to be and to
have in the present with subject pronouns.
It’s important to pay special attention to the contraction of these verbs in the third
person singular—he, she and it. They have the same contracted form, and only the
context is going to make clear whether ’s stands for the contraction of the verb to be
or the verb to have.
CONTRACTIONS OF VERBS
Present
Verb to be Verb to have
I’m I’ve
(I + am) (I + Have)
You’re/We’re/They’re You’ve /We’ve/They’ve

(You + are / We + are / They + are) (You + have / We + have / They + have)
He’s/She’s/It’s He’s/She’s/It’s
(He + is / She + is / It + is) (He + has / She + has / It + has)
The verb to be in the present can be contracted with pronouns or nouns either
when it’s the main verb of a sentence or the auxiliary.

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CONTRACTIONS
Nouns/Pronouns + Verb To Be (in the present)
Verb To Be as the Main Verb Verb To Be as the Auxiliary Verb
I’m happy for you. I’m going to tell mom the good news.
Estou feliz por você. Eu vou contar para a mamãe as boas notícias.
(I’m = Pronoun + Verb To Be) (I’m = Pronoun + Verb To Be)
Sheila’s here. She’s staying at the Central Hotel.

Sheila está aqui. Ela está hospedada no Central Hotel.
(Sheila’s = Noun + Verb To Be) (She’s = Pronoun + Verb To Be)
For all other verbs that are not the verb to be in the present, the pronouns and
nouns will only be contracted with auxiliary verbs.
Once again, two different verbs will have the same contracted form—the verb
to have as an auxiliary verb in its past form had and the modal verb would. Both
verbs are contracted as ’d.
CONTRACTIONS
Nouns/Pronouns + Auxiliary Verbs
I’ve told you.

Eu te disse.
(I’ve = Pronoun + Verb To Have)
The verb “to have” functions as an auxiliary.

O verbo to have funciona como um verbo auxiliar.
We’ll be happy to see you.

Nós ficaremos felizes em vê-lo.
(we’ll = Pronoun + Modal Verb Will)
The modal verb “will” functions as an auxiliary.

O modal verb will funciona como um verbo auxiliar.

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I’d like to talk to you.
Eu gostaria de conversar com você.
(I’d = Pronoun + Modal Verb Would)
The modal verb “would” functions as an auxiliary.

O modal verb would funciona como um verbo auxiliar.
I’d already talked to you about it.

Eu já tinha falado com você sobre isso.
(I’d = Pronoun + Verb To Have in the Past “had”)
The verb “to have” functions as an auxiliary in its past form.

O verbo to have tem a função de um verbo auxiliar na sua forma passada.
In negative statements, auxiliary verbs can also be contracted with the negative
particle not.
Basically, all auxiliary verbs in English can contract with not; the only exception is the
first person singular of the verb to be in the simple present, am, which does not.
CONTRACTIONS
Auxiliaries in negative sentences
Auxiliary Verbs Modal Auxiliaries
isn’t is + not won’t will + not

aren’t are + not can’t can + not
wasn’t was + not couldn’t could + not
weren’t were + not shouldn’t should + not
don’t do + not mustn’t must + not
doesn’t does + not wouldn’t would + not
didn’t did + not won’t will + not
haven’t have + not
hasn’t has + not
hadn’t had + not

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Besides contracting with nouns, pronouns, and the negative particle
not, the short form ’s (= is) can also be contracted with question
words and the adverbs here and there, as we can see in the following
examples.
CONTRACTIONS
Questions Words / Here / There
What’s up?
E aí?
(The question word “what” + the verb “is” = What’s)
Here’s your document.

Aqui está o seu documento.
(Here + the verb “is” = Here’s)
There’s a problem.
Há um problema.
(There + the verb “is” = There’s)
There are some special cases with the verbs to go, to want, and to get. Some forms of these verbs can
contract with the preposition to. It is mostly a feature of spoken language, and it is considered very informal.
CONTRACTIONS OF VERBS
Other Verbs – Special Cases
Going + to = Gonna Want + to = Wanna Got + to = Gotta
I’m gonna talk to her. I wanna be rich. You gotta believe me.
I’m going to talk to her. I want to be rich. You (have) got to believe me.
Eu vou falar com ela. Eu quero ser rico. Você tem que acreditar em mim.
Now you know a bit more about contractions of verbs.

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Countable and
Uncountable Nouns
Nouns can be either countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns are the ones that we can count and thus they have a plural form.
COUNTABLE NOUNS
There’s a cat in the garden.

Tem um gato no jardim.
(a cat: indefinite article + countable noun in the singular)
There are two cats at my front door.

Tem dois gatos na minha porta da frente.
(two cats: cardinal number + countable noun in the plural)
There were many cats at the adoption fair.

Havia muitos gatos na feira de adoção.
(many cats: quantifier + countable noun in the plural)
Before countable nouns we can use the indefinite article or cardinal numbers to
specify the exact amount we are referring to.
However, if we don’t know or don’t want to mention an exact amount, we can
also use quantifiers to express the idea of quantity. Some quantifiers can only be
used with countable nouns, such as few to express small quantities, and many
to express large quantities.

166
Let’s see an example in which we refer to people, which is a countable noun with irregular plural.
COUNTABLE NOUNS
Quantifiers
Small amount Large amount
There are few people at the beach. There are many people at the beach.
Há poucas pessoas na praia. Há muitas pessoas na praia.
Uncountable nouns are the ones you cannot count, and for this
reason they do not have a plural form.
Uncountable nouns are usually abstract ideas, liquids, grains, gases,
or natural phenomena. As we usually treat uncountable nouns as
singular nouns, we do not use the indefinite article with them, since
the indefinite article means one.
It is important to notice that the concept of countable and

uncountable nouns is present in several languages, but the words
that are considered countable or uncountable may vary widely from
one language to the other.
In English, the nouns “travel,” “advice,” “information,” “baggage,” and
“work” are uncountable. However, if you need to count them, there
are some strategies you can use.

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The first one is to use countable nouns with a similar meaning.
UNCOUNTABLE AND COUNTABLE NOUNS

Similar meanings
Uncountable Countable
travel a journey/trip
viagem uma jornada/viagem
baggage/luggage a bag/suitcase/backpack
bagagem uma bolsa/maleta/mochila
work a job/project/task
trabalho um trabalho/projeto / uma tarefa
advice a recommendation
conselho uma recomendação
money dollars/euros/reais/yens
dinheiro dólares/euros/reais/ienes
This strategy may not work every time, though. You may not want to use a similar
word, or maybe there isn’t a similar word that fits the context.
In such cases, you can use a quantifier. The most frequent way to quantify
uncountable nouns is to use either “some” or “(a) piece of” before these nouns.
The expression piece of can be used with not only the indefinite article (a piece of)
meaning one, but also with cardinal numbers (two pieces of).
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
some and (a) piece of
Some + Uncountable Noun

Can you give me some advice?
Você pode me dar alguns conselhos?

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Indefinite Article + Piece of + Uncountable Noun
Can you give me a piece of advice?
Você pode me dar um conselho?
Cardinal Number + Piece of + Uncountable Noun
Can you give me two/three/four pieces of advice?

Você pode me dar dois/três/quatro conselhos?
Check some other examples with some and a piece of used with uncountable nouns.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
some and (a) piece of
Equipment – some equipment; a piece of equipment; two pieces of equipment

Equipamento – alguns equipamentos; um equipamento; dois equipamentos
Furniture – some furniture; a piece of furniture; two pieces of furniture

Móvel – alguns móveis; um móvel; dois móveis
Information – some information; a piece of information; two pieces of information

Informação – algumas informações; uma informação; duas informações
News – some news; a piece of news; two pieces of news

Notícia – algumas notícias; uma notícia; duas notícias

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Regarding moods and feelings, it’s not possible to use a piece of, but it’s possible to
use quantifiers, such as much, some, or little.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Quantifiers
I’ve been under too much pressure lately.

Tenho estado sob muita pressão ultimamente.
I feel a bit frustrated, but I see some hope for the future.
Eu me sinto um pouco frustrado, mas vejo alguma esperança no futuro.
I’d gladly accept a little help from my friends.

Eu aceitaria de bom grado um pouco de ajuda dos meus amigos.
When referring to gases, grains, and liquids, we can count them by using a
unit of measurement, such as kilos, liters, or ounces. We can also count the
containers in which they have been packed.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Units of measurement or containers
Water – liters/bottles/gallons of water

Água – litros/garrafas/galões de água
Rice – kilos/pounds/packs of rice

Arroz – quilos/libras/sacos de arroz
Sugar – cubes/spoons/cups of sugar

Açúcar – torrões/colheres/xícaras de açúcar
Now you know the most frequent countable and uncountable nouns
and how they can be quantified.

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Definite article
The definite article is a determiner. Determiners are groups of words that will
always precede a noun, since they are used to “mark” nouns.
In English, there is only one definite article: the.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
The
o(a); os(as)
Unlike other languages, the definite article in English does not change according
to gender. This means that it will remain the same before a feminine, masculine,
or neutral noun.
Take a look:
DEFINITE ARTICLE
Gender
Masculine noun Feminine noun Neutral noun

the boy the girl the kid
o menino a menina a criança
The same goes for number. The definite article in English does not change
in number either. So, there’s no article variation, whether it is referring to a
singular or a plural noun.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
Number
Masculine noun Feminine noun Neutral noun

the boys the girls the kids
os meninos as meninas as crianças

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We use the definite article when we believe the listener or reader
knows or is familiar with the noun to which we are referring.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
This is the place I told you about.

Este é o lugar do qual eu te falei.
Get the phone. It’s ringing.

Pegue o telefone. Está tocando.
The moon is beautiful tonight.

A lua está bonita hoje.
The article is placed before the noun DEFINITE ARTICLE

to which it refers. And although it is not
always immediately before the noun,
The car is outside.
articles are always determining a noun.
O carro está lá fora.
Take a look: (article: the + noun: car)
The red car is outside.

O carro vermelho está lá fora.
(article: the + adjective: red + noun: car)
In English, there are some situations in which we will not use articles before nouns. Articles
are not used before generalizations, possessive adjectives, and most proper nouns.
Let’s see each of these cases:
DEFINITE ARTICLE
No article before generalizations
The shopping bags are on the bed.

As bolsas de compras estão na cama.
(Specific shopping bags and specific bed = article)
Your shopping bags are on my bed.

Suas bolsas de compras estão na minha cama.
(Specifying the owner of the objects with possessive adjectives = no article)

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In most cases, we do not use the definite article before proper nouns either.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
General rule: no article before proper nouns
Europe Russia California Julia

The Europe The Russia The California The Julia
But there will be some exceptions to this general rule. We’ll use the definite article before
proper nouns in some situations, as we can see in the following table.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
Exceptions: definite article before proper nouns
Proper nouns that include a common noun as part of their name, such as states,
kingdom, and republic in the following examples.
The United States The United Kingdom The Czech Republic

Os Estados Unidos O Reino Unido A República Tcheca
Names of seas, rivers, deserts, mountain groups, and island groups
The Atlantic The Sahara The Caribbean

O Atlântico O Saara O Caribe
Geographical regions
The South The East The Midwest

O sul O leste O Centro-Oeste
This is how we use the definite article in English.

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Indefinite Article
Articles are determiners. Determiners are a group of words that will always
precede a noun, since they are used to “mark” nouns.
The indefinite article “a” or its variation “an” are used to refer to things in
general. In opposite to the definite article, which is used to talk about specific
things.
ARTICLES
Indefinite x Definite
I gave Mark a book.

Eu dei um livro ao Mark.
(Things in general = indefinite article “a” or “an”)
He loved the book I gave him.

Ele adorou o livro que eu dei a ele.
(Specific things = definite article “the”)
In English, the articles do not change according to gender. This means that no
matter if the noun is feminine or masculine, there will be no variation.
Regarding number, it is important to notice that the English indefinite article is
only used before singular nouns.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Singular Plural
a girl girls
uma menina (umas) meninas
a boy boys
um menino (uns) meninos

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Take a look at the following examples to see how it works in a sentence:
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
The baby is a girl / a boy.

O bebê é uma menina / um menino.
(Singular noun = we can use the indefinite article)
The babies are girls/boys.

Os bebês são meninas/meninos.
(Plural noun = we cannot use the indefinite article)
We should also pay special attention to the variation of the indefinite article in English.
The indefinite article in English will vary depending on the initial sound of the word that comes
after it. If the following word begins with a consonant sound, we’ll use a, and if the following
word begins with a vowel sound, then we’ll use an.
Notice that the variation occurs based on the initial sound and not on the spelling. Considering
the vowels, sound and spelling will coincide in all words starting with the vowels A, E, and I. That
means that these words are spelled with initial vowels and have an initial vowel sound. Therefore,
they will be preceded by an.
Have a look:
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with A, E, and I
Words spelled with initial vowels and pronounced as vowels.

Palavras que começam com vogais que são pronunciadas como vogais.
A E I
an army an elephant an island
an avenue an event an institution
an alien an employee an immigrant

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Words starting with O and U require more attention because, although they
are spelled with an initial vowel, they may have an initial consonant sound.
As for words spelled with an initial O, most will be pronounced as vowels.
Among the most frequent words in English, we should pay special attention
to the word “one,” which has an initial consonant sound.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with O
an object
um objeto
( pronounced as vowel)
( pronunciada como vogal)
a one-way street
uma rua de mão única
( pronounced as a consonant – sounds like /w/ as in the verb want)
( pronunciada como consoante – como o som inicial do verbo “want”)
As for words spelled with an initial U, we should pay more attention to the
difference in pronunciation, since there are a considerable number of words
spelled with initial U but pronounced as a consonant.
Take a look at the difference:
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with U
an umbrella
um guarda-chuva
( pronounced as vowel – sounds like / / as in the word “other”)
( pronunciada como vogal – como o som inicial da palavra “other”)
a university
uma universidade
( pronounced as a consonant – sounds like /j/ as in the pronoun you)
( pronunciada como consoante – como o som inicial do pronome “you”)

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We must also pay attention to the initial consonant H. Words spelled with an
initial H may carry initial vowel sounds – in case the H is silent – or consonant
sounds.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with H
an hour
uma hora
( pronounced as vowel – silent initial H)
( pronunciada como vogal – o H inicial é mudo)
an honest man
um homem honesto
( pronounced as vowel – silent initial H)
( pronunciada como vogal – o H inicial é mudo)
a house
uma casa
( pronounced as consonant – the initial H is not silent)
( pronunciada como consoante – o H inicial não é mudo)
a hurricane
um furacão
( pronounced as consonant – the initial H is not silent)
( pronunciada como consoante – o H inicial não é mudo)
And this how we use the indefinite article in English.

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Irregular Verbs Past
Irregular verbs are those that do not follow the rule for regular verbs. These
verbs have different forms in the past that do not follow specific spelling rules.
Some will have a different ending, some will have a vowel change, some will
become totally different from their base form, and some won’t change at all.
The verb to read has no change in spelling. However, the pronunciation of the
central vowel will be different.
IRRE GUL AR VERBS

No Change
To cut (cut) To let (let)

cortar deixar, permitir
To hurt (hurt) To put ( put)

machucar botar, colocar
Another group of irregular verbs will change the stressed vowel in their past forms.
RE GUL AR VERBS
Change the Stressed Vowel
To begin (began) To give (gave) To run (ran)

começar dar correr
To come (came) To know (knew) To see (saw)

vir saber, conhecer ver

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Still in the group of irregular verbs that undergo changes in the stressed vowel, there is a very
large group of verbs that will change the vowels from the base form to the vowel o, which is
sometimes spelled “ou.” In some verbs from this group this will be the only change. Others
undergo some additional changes.
IRRE GUL AR VERBS

Change the Stressed Vowel to “O” or “OU”
To break (broke) To bring (brought) To buy (bought)

quebrar trazer comprar
To drive (drove) To get (got) To speak (spoke)

dirigir pegar, conseguir falar
To take (took) To tell (told) To think (thought)

levar, tomar contar, dizer pensar, achar
To understand (understood) To win (won) To write (wrote)

entender, compreender ganhar escrever
Another group of irregular verbs will be altered in order to have the final syllable of their past
forms sounding as a D. Among the most frequent verbs, we can highlight three.
These widely used verbs are: to have, in the past had, to make, in the past made, and to say,
in the past said (in this case we dropped the -Y and added –ID).
IRRE GUL AR VERBS

Change to end in a “D” Sound
To have (had) To make (made) To say (said)

ter fazer falar, dizer

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There’s also a group that will vary to have the ending -T in the simple past.
In addition to the ending, another feature of this group of verbs is that the stressed vowel in the base form,
pronounced as a long vowel, in the past becomes a short vowel. For example, the verb to feel. The stressed
vowel has a long sound. But, in the past, it’s felt, which is a short vowel, and it ends in -T.
Check out a group of verbs that undergo similar changes:
RE GUL AR VERBS
Change the Stressed Vowel
To feel (felt) To keep (kept) To leave (left)

sentir manter, permancer sair, partir, deixar
To meet (met) To lose (lost) To leave (left)

encontrar, conhecer perder sair, partir, deixar
There are three very frequent verbs in English that do not fit any of the aforementioned groups,
which are the verbs to be, to go, and to do.
IRRE GUL AR VERBS

No pattern
To do (did) To go (went) To be (was/were)

fazer ir ser, estar
The verb to be is the most irregular verb in English. In the past, it is the only verb to have two
different conjugations: was and were. Look at the conjugation table of the verb to be in the past.
IRRE GUL AR VERBS

To Be (ser/estar)
Subject Pronoun Verb To Be (Simple Past)

I/he/she/it was
you/we/they were
And now you know some irregular verbs in the past.

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Modal Verb Can
Modal verbs function as auxiliary verbs, adding meaning to the main verb.
Modal verbs express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption,
obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs have the same sentence structure. In the affirmative, the structure
is the subject, the modal verb followed by the main verb in the base form, and
it can be followed by a complement or not.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form
I can drive.
Eu posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: drive)
I can play the piano.

Eu posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
In negative sentences, we keep the same pattern, but include NOT after the
modal verb. We generally use the contracted form can’t.
MODAL VERBS
Negative Form
I can’t drive.
Eu não posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: drive)
I can’t play the piano.

Eu não posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: play +
complement: the piano)

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In interrogative sentences, we invert the position of the modal verb and the subject.
The structure is the modal verb, the subject, the main verb in the base form, and a
complement, when necessary.
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative Form
Can you drive?

Você pode dirigir?
( modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: drive)
Can you play the piano?

Você pode tocar piano?
( modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
The modal verb can in its affirmative form typically expresses possibility, present ability,
and permission. In the negative form, it expresses lack of possibility, lack of ability, and lack
of permission.
MODAL VERBS
Uses
Affirmative Negative
Possibility Lack of Possibility

I can meet you later. I can’t meet you later.
Eu posso te encontrar mais tarde. Eu não posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Present Ability Lack of Ability

I can dance very well. I can’t dance very well.
Eu posso/sei dançar muito bem. Eu não posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Permission Lack of Permission

You can come in. You can’t come in.
Você pode entrar. Você não pode entrar.

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As for the interrogative form, the modal verb can is typically used to
make requests. It’s used to ask for favors and for permission, or to
ask about the possibility of something happening.
MODAL VERB CAN

Uses
Interrogative
Asking a Favor
Can you help me?
Eu não posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Asking for Permission

Can I come in?
Eu não posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Asking about Possiblity

Can we meet after work?
Você não pode entrar.
It’s important to acknowledge that these uses are usually easily noticed within the context, since the same
sentence in different contexts may have different meanings.
MODAL VERB CAN

Contexts
You can speak English. You have the ability to speak English.
Você pode/sabe falar inglês. Você tem habilidade para falar inglês.
It’s possible for you to speak English in a certain situation.

É possível que você fale inglês em determinada situação.
You have permission to speak English in a certain situation.

Você tem permissão para falar inglês em determinada situação.
And this is how you use the modal verb can.

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Modal Verb Could
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add
meaning to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability,
ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs follow the same sentence structure. Let’s look at structures
in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.
In the affirmative, the structure is the subject, the modal verb, and the main
verb in the base form, which may be followed by a complement or not.
Take a look at the table.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We could go to the gym.

Nós poderíamos ir à academia.
In negative sentences, we’ll include the word not after the modal verb.
When we use the negative form, we generally use the contracted form couldn’t.
MODAL VERBS
Negative
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We couldn’t go to the gym.

Nós não pudemos ir à academia.

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To make interrogative sentences, the modal verb is placed before the subject.
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
Could we go to the gym together?

Nós poderíamos ir à academia juntos?
It’s important to notice that modal verbs in general should be associated with their functions in the context,
and not with time ( past, present or future). This is particularly important when analyzing the modal verb
could, since the time reference may change drastically according to its function in the context.
The modal verb could in its affirmative and negative forms can be used to express probability or lack of
probability, either of a present or a future event. It can also refer to abilities, but in such case, could refers to
past abilities.
MODAL VERB COULD

Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Present)
Mary is not home right now. She’s usually at her parents’ in the morning. She could be there.
Mary não está em casa agora. Ela geralmente está na casa de seus pais de manhã. Ela pode estar lá.
(She could be there = It’s possible that she is there)
Mary’s parents are out of town. She couldn’t be there.

Os pais da Mary estão fora da cidade. Ela não poderia estar lá.
(She couldn’t be there = It’s not possible for her to be there)
We can also use the modal verb could to talk about probability in the future, that is, the chances for
something to happen.
MODAL VERB COULD

Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Future)
Sylvia is an excellent professional. I think she could be the new manager.

A Sylvia é uma profissional excelente. Eu acho que ela poderia ser a nova gerente.
(She could be the new manager = It’s likely to happen)
Brian is just as good. But he couldn’t be the new manager; he has no management skills.
Brian é tão bom quanto ela. Mas ele não poderia ser o novo gerente; ele não tem habilidades gerenciais.
(He couldn’t be the new manager = It’s not likely to happen)

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However, when we use the modal verb could to refer to ability, we are referring to abilities
people had in the past, and that they probably don’t have anymore, or, in the case of negative
sentences, abilities people didn’t have in the past.
MODAL VERB COULD

Ability / Lack of Ability (in the Past)
Kevin won a lot of football tournaments back in our school days. Boy, he could run!
Kevin ganhou muitos torneios de futebol americano na época de escola. Cara, como ele
sabia/podia correr!
George was a good player, but he couldn’t run long distances.

George era um bom jogador, mas ele não sabia/podia correr distâncias longas.
The modal verb could in the interrogative form is used to ask about possibilities
or abilities in the past.
MODAL VERB COULD
Could you meet me at the coffee shop tomorrow?

Você poderia me encontrar no café amanhã?
(Asking about possibilities for the future)
Could you speak English by the time you lived abroad?

Você podia/sabia falar inglês quando morou fora?
(Asking about past ability in the past)
In the interrogative, the modal verb could is also very frequently used to make
requests in a polite way, either asking for a favor or for permission.
MODAL VERB COULD

Making Requests
Could you lend me your car?

Você poderia me emprestar o seu carro?
Could I borrow your car?

Eu poderia pegar o seu carro emprestado?
And now you know how to use the modal verb could.

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Modal Verb May
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning
to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability, ability,
permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
The sentence structure of modal verbs follows the same pattern:
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)

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The modal verb may can be used to express probability.
In such cases, we are saying that something is likely to happen, that there’s a
chance that something will happen. For example:
MODAL VERB MAY

Expressing Probability
It may rain.
Pode chover. / Pode ser que chova.
(There is a reasonable chance that it will rain).
I may go to the party.

Eu posso ir à festa. / Pode ser que eu vá à festa.
(There is a reasonable chance that I will go to the party).
She may be at home.

Ela pode estar em casa. / Pode ser que ela esteja em casa.
(There is a reasonable chance that she will be home).
The modal verb may can also be used to say that there
is a chance that something does not happen.
In this case, we use it in the negative form. Take a look:
MODAL VERB MAY

Expressing Unlikely Things
I may not be the best student in class, but I’m very dedicated.
Eu posso não ser o melhor aluno da turma, mas eu sou muito dedicado.
Be careful with the pieces of news you read on social media. They may not be true.
Tenha cuidado com notícias que você lê nas redes sociais. Elas podem não ser verdadeiras.
Researchers may not be able to find the cure to some diseases,

but they’ve been doing their best.
Pesquisadores podem (até) não ser capazes de achar a cura para algumas doenças,
mas eles têm dado o melhor de si.

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It is rare to see may in the interrogative form to give the idea of probability.
The interrogative form is used as a formal way to ask for permission. In such
cases, may is used in questions in the first person, either singular or plural.
MODAL VERB MAY

Asking for Permission
Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?

Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
(May I come in? = First person singular – I).
May we talk to you for a minute, sir?

Nós podemos falar com senhor por um minuto?
(May we talk…? = First person plural – We).
When we ask for permission, the interrogative form can only be used in the first person.
However, when we answer these permission requests, that is, when we give permission or not, we will use
the affirmative or the negative forms in the second person. Have a look:
MODAL VERB MAY

Giving Permission (or not)
Asking for permission: Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?
Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
Giving permission, or not: Yes, you may come in. / No, you may not come in.
Sim, você pode entrar. / Não, você não pode entrar.
Asking for permission: May we talk to you for a minute, sir?

Nós podemos falar com o senhor por um minuto?
Giving permission, or not: Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
Sim, vocês podem. / Não, vocês não podem.
And now you know how to use the modal verb may.

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Modal Verb Must
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning to the main verb.
Modal verbs will follow the same sentence structure in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative
forms, as you can see in the following table.
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
Must is used in the affirmative form to express obligation or necessity.

For example:
MODAL VERB MUST

Obligation/Necessity
You must pay your taxes.

Você tem que pagar seus impostos.
You must be 18 to drive in some countries.

Você tem que ter 18 anos para dirigir em alguns países.

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It can also be used to make assumptions or deductions in the affirmative form. Have a look:
MODAL VERB MUST

Assumption/Deduction
John’s son was born. He must be very happy. It must be nice to be rich.
O filho do John nasceu. Ele deve estar muito feliz. Deve ser legal ser rico.
In the negative form, however, must is used to express prohibition. We generally

use the contracted form, mustn’t. If you wish to emphasize the prohibition, use
must not. For example:
MODAL VERB MUST

Prohibition
You must not ( mustn’t) drink and drive.

Você não pode beber e dirigir.
Visitors must not ( mustn’t) cross this line. This is a restricted area.
Os visitantes não podem cruzar esta linha. Esta é uma área restrita.
Must is rarely used in the interrogative form, but it can be used to confirm or to
double-check duties and obligations. For instance:
MODAL VERB MUST

Confirm and Double-check Duties and Obligation
Must I take the exam today? I didn’t know that.

Eu tenho que fazer a prova hoje? Eu não sabia disso.
Eu sou obrigado a fazer a prova hoje? Eu não sabia disso.
Mustn’t you be at the job interview at 9h? It’s 8:30h already.

Você não tem que estar na entrevista de emprego às 9h? Já são 8:30h.
Você não tem a obrigação de estar na entrevista às 9h? Já são 8:30h.
And this is how you use the modal verb must.

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Modal Verb Should
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning
to the main verb.
Modal verbs will follow the same sentence structure in the affirmative, negative,
and interrogative forms. Check the following table to see how it works:
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form

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The modal verb should has different uses. One of the most frequent is to give advice or
recommendations. For example:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Advice and Recommendation
You should check the airline policies before you pack.

Você deve verificar as políticas da companhia aérea antes de fazer as malas.
You shouldn’t drink so much coffee.

Você não deve beber tanto café.
Depending on the context, sentences with the modal verb should can be understood
as a polite way to talk about obligations and duties. Have a look at some examples:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Expressing Obligations and Duties
You should clean your room. People should respect other people’s choices.
Você deve limpar o seu quarto. As pessoas devem respeitar as escolhas de outras pessoas.
(It’s your responsibility). (It’s a social rule).
In some other cases, should expresses that something is probable because it is logical or normal,
that is, you refer to a deduction. For instance:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Deductions
She left home half an hour ago. She should be arriving.

Ela saiu de casa meia hora atrás. Ela deve estar chegando.
(It’s a deduction based on the time she left her house and how far her home is from here)
The singer should launch her new album next month.

A cantora deve lançar o seu novo álbum mês que vem.
(Deduction based on behavior or clues).

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When talking about modals, the meaning we want to convey
depends on the context. The same sentence may have different
meanings. Compare:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Different Meanings Depending on the Context
You should get here before noon.

Você deve chegar aqui antes de meio-dia.
• It could be a piece of advice

• Poderia ser um conselho
• It could be your duty

• Poderia ser sua obrigação
• It could be the speaker’s expectation

• Poderia ser uma expectativa do falante
And this is how you use the modal verb should.

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Modal Verb Would
Modal Verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning to the main
verb. They express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or
prohibition.
The structure of the modal verbs follows the same pattern. Check the following table.
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
In some cases, the modal verb would is used as a softer and less definitive form of the modal will,
or as the past of will when we are reporting sentences.
Expressing hypothesis is one of the most common uses of the modal verb would. And since it is
used to express hypothetical situations, you’ll see that it is used in many conditional sentences.
In such cases, we’ll use a clause with would to refer to unreal or uncertain situations together with
an if-clause.

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MODAL VERB WOULD
Hypothesis
If I had a lot of money, I would travel the world.

Se eu tivesse muito dinheiro, viajaria pelo mundo.
(I don’t have a lot of money. So, traveling the world is just a hypothetical situation.)
Would you invite your boss for your birthday?

Você convidaria o seu chefe para o seu aniversário?
(The question is asked out of curiosity. It’s a hypothetical situation.)
If I were you, I wouldn’t go the Caribbean now. It’s hurricane season.

Se eu fosse você, eu não iria para o Caribe agora. É temporada de furacão.
(It’s a hypothetical situation because I am not you, and I am not going to the Caribbean.)
We can also use would to make polite requests. If we observe it carefully, we’ll see that it’s still
a request made from a hypothetical perspective, but now you are actually asking something
from someone.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Polite Requests and Offers
Polite Requests Polite Offers
Would you help me with my project? Would you like some coffee?
Você me ajudaria com o meu projeto? Você aceitaria um café?
Would you go to the grocery store for me? Would you like me to drive you home?
Você iria ao supermercado para mim? Você gostaria que eu te levasse para casa?

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Would is also used to talk about a past habit or to express refusal in the past.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Talk about a past habit or express refusal in the past
I asked her what was going on, but she wouldn’t tell me.
Perguntei o que estava acontecendo, mas ela não quis me dizer.
(I asked her in the past and she refused to tell me.)
When I was younger, I would argue with my brother all the time.
Quando eu era mais novo, eu discutia com meu irmão o tempo todo.
(It was a typical behavior in the past.)
We can use would in expressions too. Would rather is used to say we prefer
one thing to another. Most of the times, we use the contracted form, which is
“I’d rather.”
MODAL VERB WOULD

Expressions – Would Rather
I’d rather stay home tonight. I’m tired.

Eu prefiro ficar em casa hoje à noite. Estou cansado(a).
Another commonly used expression with would is “would mind.” We use it to ask for favors or permission.
But the structure is a bit different. Check it out in the following box.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Expressions – Would Mind
Asking for a favor Asking for permission
Would you mind opening the window? Would you mind if I opened the window?
Você se importaria de abrir a janela? Você se importaria se eu abrisse a janela?
(Would you mind + verb in the -ING form) (Would you mind if + subject + verb in the past)
And this is how you use the modal verb would.

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Nouns
Nouns are used to refer to people or things. They vary in number,
which means they have singular and plural forms.
NOUNS
Singular and Plural
My cat is lazy.
Meu gato é preguiçoso.
My cats are lazy.

Meus gatos são preguiçosos
There are countable and uncountable nouns. The noun “cat” is countable, since
you can count cats and quantify them, such as in “one cat,” “two cats,” “three
cats,” and so on.
And there are uncountable nouns, which means that we cannot use numbers
to quantify them. Let’s take the noun “water” as an example. We don’t say “one
water,” “two waters,” “three waters,” etc.
However, we can express an amount by using quantifiers such as a lot of.
Check it out:
NOUNS
Countable and Uncountable
I have three cats.

Eu tenho três gatos.
(countable noun = there are singular and plural forms)
It’s important to drink a lot of water.

É importante beber muita água.
(uncountable noun = there is no plural form)

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Although it’s not common in English, nouns may vary in gender,
which means that they will have a different form when referring to
male or female people or animals.
Most nouns in English do not vary in gender, as it happens to the
noun “student.” But others do, such as the nouns “actor” and
“actress.” Yet, it is worth noting that nowadays neutral forms are
usually preferred.
NOUNS
Gender variation
John is a good student. Mary is a great student.

John é um bom aluno. Mary é uma boa aluna.
(The noun “student” doesn’t vary in gender: whether referring to male or female, it remains the same).
John is a good actor. Mary is a great actress.

John é um bom ator. Mary é uma boa atriz.
(The noun “actor” varies in gender: We use “actor” to refer to men and “actress” for women).
Nouns can be classified as proper or common.

Proper nouns are the names of people, pets, or places, for example.
They are capitalized, and in most cases, not preceded by articles.
NOUNS
Proper Nouns
People’s Names Pets’ Names Names of Places
George Max Brazil

John Bella New York
Mary Archie London
Kate Luna Hollywood

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Common nouns are used to designate generic people, animals, things, or ideas.
NOUNS
Common Nouns
People Animals Things/Places Ideas/Feelings
child dog house love

criança cachorro casa amor
man cat city security

homem gato cidade segurança
student bird country opinion

estudante pássaro país opinião
It is also possible to classify nouns as concrete or abstract.

Concrete nouns refer to things we can touch or see, material
objects, whereas abstract nouns refer to things that are not
material, such as feelings, emotions, situations, and ideas.
NOUNS
Concrete and Abstract
Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns
phone freedom
telefone liberdade
table dream
mesa sonho
food passion
comida paixão
Now you know what a noun is, its characteristics, and some categories.

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Object Pronouns
There are two types of personal pronouns in English: personal pronouns used in the subject
position, which, for that reason, are called subject pronouns, and personal pronouns used in the
object position, which are called object pronouns.
Check the following table to see the subject and object pronouns.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS


First person I me

singular eu me/mim

Second person you you

singular tu/você te/ti/você/lhe
he him
ele ele/o/lhe

Third person she her

singular ela ela/a/lhe
it it
ele/ela ele/ela/o/a/lhe

First person we us

plural nós nos/nós

Second person you you

plural vós/vocês vos/vocês/lhes

Third person they them

plural eles/elas eles/elas/os/as/lhes

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Object pronouns are usually placed after the main verb of the sentence, since they
function as the object of these verbs. They might not be placed immediately after the
main verb, but they will always come after it. The only exception to this rule is when
they are used in certain expressions such as both of us, all of them, none of you,
etc. In such situations, they can be part of the subject of a sentence.
Let’s now take a closer look at each object pronoun.
Some languages present variations of the object pronouns used depending on the
verb they are complementing. But that won’t happen in English.
The first-person pronouns used in the position of the object of the sentence will
always be me for the singular and us for the plural.
OBJE CT PRONOUN
First Person Singular
Tell me. What is your problem?

Conte-me. Qual é o seu problema?
Read this story to me, please!

Leia esta história para mim, por favor!
Do you want to talk to me?

Você quer falar comigo?
OBJE CT PRONOUN
First Person Plural
Tell us about your day.

Conte-nos sobre o seu dia.
Are they talking about us?

Eles estão falando sobre nós / a gente?
Do you want to go to the movies with us?

Você quer ir ao cinema conosco / com a gente?

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For the second person, the personal
OBJE CT PRONOUN
pronoun used as the object pronoun is
Second Person Singular/Plural
the same used as the subject pronoun:
you. And it is used for both singular and
plural. Therefore, the context tells us if I’ll help you.
you will be referring to singular or plural. Eu vou te ajudar. / Eu vou ajudar você. / Eu vou lhe ajudar. /
Eu vou ajudar vocês/ Eu vou lhes ajudar.
I don’t understand you.

Eu não te entendo. / Eu não entendo você. /
Eu não entendo vocês.
When we read these sentences, it’s not clear if we are using you to refer to one
or to more people, that is, singular or plural. Especially because they are isolated
sentences.
In spoken language, chances are the context will make it clear, since you is used
to refer to the person or to the people you are talking to. Either way, you can make
it clearer that you are using the plural form by combining you with other words,
for example: you people, you all, or you both.
OBJE CT PRONOUN
Second Person Plural
I’ll help you people / you all / you both.

Eu vou ajudar vocês / vocês todos / vocês dois.
The third person singular object pronouns used for people are: him for masculine
and her for feminine. Both are used mostly for people.
OBJE CT PRONOUN
Third Person Singular (Him/Her)
Mike’s son looks just like him.

O filho do Mike se parece muito com ele.
(The object pronoun him refers to “Mike,” a male noun,
and it’s the object of the sentence.)
My sister is an amazing person. I love to talk to her.

Minha irmã é uma pessoa incrível. Eu adoro conversar com ela.
(We used the object pronoun her to replace the female noun “my sister.”)

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There’s still another third person singular object pronoun that is used for the other
cases: the pronoun it. This personal pronoun will also have the same form when
used as the subject or as the object pronoun.
OBJE CT PRONOUN
Third Person Singular (It)
I don’t understand this topic. I don’t understand it.

Eu não entendo este tópico. Eu não entendo (isto).
I love chocolate cake. I love it.

Eu adoro bolo de chocolate. Eu adoro (isso).
I’m watching this show. I’m watching it.

Estou assistindo a este programa. Estou assistindo (a isto).
In the third person plural, we’ll use they as the subject pronoun, and them as the object pronoun. In the
plural, we will use the same pronoun to refer to people, places, objects, animals, or any other third person
plural reference.
OBJE CT PRONOUN
Third Person Plural (Them)
I’m going to the beach with my friends. I’m going to the beach with them.
Estou indo à praia com meus amigos. Estou indo à praia com eles.
(The object is “my friends,” and it’s in the plural, so we could replace it with the object pronoun them.)
I don’t know those people. I don’t know them.

Eu não conheço aquelas pessoas. Eu não as conheço. / Eu não conheço elas.
(To avoid repetition, we can replace the object “those people” for the object pronoun them.)
I like these shoes. I like them.

Eu gosto destes sapatos. Eu gosto deles.
(The object of the sentence is “these shoes.” To avoid repetition, we can use the object pronoun them.)
And now you know more about object pronouns.

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Prepositions Of Time
Prepositions are used to indicate location, time, or to introduce an object.
They often have different functions and purposes.
Prepositions of time are used to convey a notion of time.
In, on, and at are prepositions commonly used to make reference to place
or time. In this grammar guide, we’ll cover the use of these prepositions when
referring to time, but if you want to learn more on how to use them to refer
to places, you can check the topic “Prepositions of place.”
Check out an example in context to understand when to use prepositions of time.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
I have to be at the airport at 8 in the morning on Monday.

Eu tenho que estar no aeroporto às 8 da manhã na segunda-feira.
(At indicates the scheduled time, in, the period of the day,
and on, the day of the week.)
Now, we’ll go over each of these prepositions separately. We’ll start with the preposition IN referring to time.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME - IN
Months in July Years in 1776 Decades in the 80s

Meses em julho Anos em 1776 Décadas nos anos 80
Century in the 18th century Ages in the Middle Ages

Séculos no século XVIII Eras/Idade Na Idade Média
Parts of the day in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening

Partes do dia de manhã / à tarde / à noite

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The preposition ON is used to talk about days and dates. The
days can be the days of the week, holidays, dates, or specific days.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME - ON
Days of the week on Sunday

Dias da semana no domingo
Date on July 4, 1776

Datas em 4 de julho de 1776
Specific days on my birthday

Dias específicos no meu aniversário
We use AT for scheduled time, holidays, and before some parts of the day as well.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME - AT
Scheduled time at 9 a.m./9 o’clock / at 9:30 / at midday / at midnight

Hora marcada às 9h da manhã / às 9:30 / ao meio-dia / à meia-noite
Parts of the day at dawn / at dusk / at night

Partes do dia ao amanhecer / ao anoitecer / à noite
Holidays at Christmas / at Easter

Feriados no natal / na páscoa

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There are other prepositions used to indicate time.
Since is used to indicate a starting point in the past. During is used to talk about a
period of time. And for is used to refer to how long an action or a situation lasts.
Since, During, and For
It’s been raining nonstop since yesterday.

Está chovendo sem parar desde ontem.
(Since, as a preposition of time, emphasizes when the action
that is still happening started in the past.)
I’ll work as a trainee during the summer.

Vou trabalhar de estagiário(a) durante o verão.
(It can be either at one point in that period of time or through this whole period.)
I lived in New York for eight years.

Eu morei em Nova York por 8 anos.
(For is being used to refer to this 8-year period.)
Other common prepositions are before and after. Before means earlier in time,
and after means later than something.
Before and After
We need to be at Mark’s house before 7 p.m. because it’s a surprise party.

Precisamos estar na casa de Mark antes das 19h porque é uma festa surpresa.
(It has to be earlier than 7 p.m., not AT 7 or AFTER 7.)
We can meet after 5.

Podemos nos encontrar depois das 5h.
(I am available later, after 5 o’clock, not before.)

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Other two common prepositions of time are until and by. They are usually followed
by time expressions.
The use of these two prepositions might be confusing. Until focuses on a process
that happens up to a certain point in time, and by means before or not later than
a particular time, and it’s commonly used for deadlines. So, let’s compare some
sentences so we can understand them better.
Until and By
You can work on the report until Friday.

Você pode trabalhar no relatório até sexta.
(That means this is an action that will keep on happening until Friday.)
You have to send me the report by Friday.

Você tem que me mandar o relatório no máximo até sexta.
(It’s a deadline, and you can send it to me any day but not later than Friday.)
I’m going to read it on Friday.

Vou lê-lo na sexta.
(Here, it is the exact day.)
Now
Nowyou
youknow
knowwhat
whatprepositions
the present continuous
are and you’ve
is allseen
about:
some
you’ve
examples
seen its
on
structure,
howsome
to useexamples,
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how to properly
of time. use it.

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Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of place are used to indicate direction, location, and spatial relations. Prepositions
of place tell us where one thing is in relation to other things.
The most common prepositions of place are IN, ON, and AT.
I work on the 26th floor at 205 Oak avenue, in New Jersey.

Trabalho no 26º andar na avenida Oak 205, em Nova Jersey.
IN is used to talk about places and PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE – IN

larger areas such as geographic
locations, countries, states, cities,
and neighborhoods. It also refers to I live in South America.
a position inside large areas and in Eu moro na América do Sul.
three-dimensional spaces.
The keys are in the drawer.

As chaves estão na gaveta.
Check out some other common phrases with the preposition of place IN.
IN – COMMON USES
in the car in the room

no carro no quarto/cômodo
in town / in the city in the book

na cidade no livro
in school (as a student) in the hospital (as a patient)

na escola (como aluno) no hospital (como paciente)
in church (involved in church service) in the church (inside the physical place)
na igreja (envolvido em serviços religiosos) na igreja (dentro do espaço físico)

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When we use AT as a preposition of place, it
PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE – AT
indicates a position at a point; that’s why we use
AT to specify a detailed location or to inform an
address. I’m at the Empire State.
You’ll also use AT if you say the name of a place, Estou no Empire State.
like buildings and organizations, and also for events,
such as parties or concerts.
I’m at the door.
Estou na porta.
Check out some common phrases with AT as a preposition of place.
AT – COMMON USES
at school/college/university (in the building) at the hospital (in the building; working or visiting)
na escola/faculdade/universidade ( no prédio) no hospital ( no prédio; trabalhando ou visitando)
at home at the party/concert/movies

em casa na festa / no show / no cinema
at the bus stop at the subway station

no ponto de ônibus na estação de metrô
at the beginning of (the street) at the end of (the street)

no começo (da rua) no final (da rua)
The preposition of place ON is used to talk about a position on a

surface, such as a road, a street, a bed, or even a page, and it’s also
used for means of transportation on which you can stand while
inside, such as a bus.
PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE – ON
You’ll find this information on page 10.

Você encontrará essa informação na página 10.
The Walk of Fame is on Hollywood Boulevard.

A calçada da fama fica no Hollywood Boulevard.

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Check out some common uses of ON as a preposition of place.
ON – COMMON USES
to walk on the street to drive on the road/highway

andar na rua dirigir numa rodovia/estrada
to be/sit on the bed / on the chair / on the floor to be on the table/desk

estar/sentar na cama / na cadeira / no chão estar sobre a mesa/escrivaninha
to be on the bus/subway/airplane to post on social media

estar no ônibus/metrô/avião postar numa rede social
There are other prepositions used to

indicate directions and locations.
Above and Below
Above indicates that something is in a
higher position, and below indicates
that something in a lower place or São Paulo is 700 meters above sea level.
position. São Paulo fica 700 metros acima do nível do mar.
Parts of Amsterdam are below sea level.

Partes de Amsterdam estão abaixo do nível do mar.
Across from means that something is directly opposite to something else, such
as on the other side of the street. In front of means further forward or facing
someone or something. Behind means at the back.
Across from, In Front of, and Behind
The Renwick Gallery is across from the White House.

A galeria Renwick fica em frente (do outro lado da rua) da Casa Branca.
Protesters were in front of the White House.

Os manifestantes estavam em frente à Casa Branca.
Don’t look now. He is behind you.

Não olhe agora. Ele está atrás de você.

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Under means the same as below. The difference is that it’s
usually used to refer to something that is covered or protected by
something.
Under
Your flip flops are under the bed.

Seus chinelos estão embaixo da cama.
We are all under the same sky.

Estamos todos sob o mesmo céu.
Beside means on the side, between means in the middle of two things, and among means surrounded by things.
Beside, Between, and Among
The Westminster Abbey is beside the Big Ben.

A Abadia de Westminster fica ao lado do Big Ben.
There’s a cat between dogs. There’s a dog among the stuffed animals.
Tem um gato entre cachorros. Tem um cachorro entre bichos de pelúcia.

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If we want to indicate distance, we can use near, or close to, for short distances,
and far from for long distances.
Near, Close to, Far from
The restaurant is near the hotel. / The restaurant is close to the hotel.
O restaurante é perto do hotel.
The art museum is far from the hotel.

O museu de arte é longe do hotel.
Notice that, if you don’t choose the appropriate preposition, the sentence might still
be grammatically correct, but it may not send the right message.
That’s why it’s important to understand prepositions in context so you can practice
and use them to refer to different things in different situations.
And now you know how to use prepositions of place.

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Present Continuous
The present continuous is mainly used to talk about actions and events in
progress at the moment or about temporary states or situations that are true at
the moment of speaking.
The basic structure of the present continuous is the verb to be, which works as
an auxiliary, and a main verb in the -ING form. The verb to be will be conjugated
according to the subject. Take a look at its structure:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Structure
Affirmative
Subject + To Be + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
I am watching a movie.
Eu estou assistindo a um filme.
Negative
Subject + To Be + Not + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
I am not hearing you.

Eu não estou te ouvindo.
Interrogative
To Be + Subject + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
Are you taking your pills?

Você está tomando os seus remédios?

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The present continuous can also be used to describe
actions that are repeated or frequent, but that we
believe to be a temporary situation, different from our
routine.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Repeated Temporary Actions and Events
I am working a lot this week.

Estou trabalhando muito nesta semana.
We can use the present continuous to talk about

changes that take time.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Gradual Change
It’s getting easier every day.

Está ficando mais fácil a cada dia.
The present continuous is also used to talk about future

events that have been previously arranged or planned.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Future
I am getting married next week.

Vou me casar na próxima semana.
Some verbs are not used in the continuous form,

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
even if they refer to temporary situations or things
Non-progressive Verbs
that are happening now. They are called non-
progressive verbs, and they express feelings, like
the verbs to love and to hate; mental states and I like this book.
opinions, like the verbs to believe, to guess, and to NOT: I am liking this book.
agree; and senses, like the verbs to see and to hear. Eu gosto desse livro.

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Some of these non-progressive verbs can be used with continuous forms,
but they will have different meanings.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Non-progressive Verbs in Continuous Forms: Different Meaning
I see someone at the door.

Eu estou vendo alguém na porta.
I am seeing someone.
Eu estou saindo com alguém.
I have two pieces of luggage.

Eu tenho duas malas.
I am having breakfast at the hotel restaurant.

Eu estou tomando café da manhã no restaurante do hotel.
Now you know what the present continuous is all about: you’ve seen its
structure, some examples, and how to properly use it.

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Quantifiers
Quantifiers are words used to specify quantity, amounts, and degrees.
They are also determiners because they modify a noun.
In order to study the quantifiers, we’ll divide them into three groups. In the
first group, we’ll place the quantifiers that can be used with countable and
uncountable nouns. In the second, the ones that can only be used with countable
nouns, and, in the third, the ones that are only used with uncountable nouns.
Let’s begin with the first group, which is composed of quantifiers that can be
used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
One of the most frequent quantifiers is any because it can be used for a variety of
things. Check out some of its uses in the following box.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
ANY
I don’t have any doubt.

Eu não tenho nenhuma dúvida.
(Any emphasizes the negative. There is no doubt, not even one.)
I could eat any of these. They all look delicious.

Eu poderia comer qualquer um desses. Todos parecem deliciosos.
(Any means “whichever;” it conveys the idea that it doesn’t matter which.)
Is there any student in the library?

Tem algum aluno na biblioteca?
(Any is used to ask if there is none, one, or more kids at the library.)
Still looking at quantifiers that can be used with countable and uncountable
things, some, enough, and all are also very common.

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Let’s see two examples with each of them: One with a countable noun and
another with an uncountable noun.
The quantifier some is used to express an unknown or unspecified amount.
QUANTIFIERS
SOME
There are some kids waiting for Halloween treats.

Há algumas crianças esperando doces de Dia das Bruxas.
(We don’t know the exact number of kids, but it’s possible to count them.)
I need to drink some water.

Eu preciso beber um pouco de água.
(It’s not possible to count water, unless it’s in a container.)
Would you like some coffee?

Você gostaria de um pouco de café?
(It’s commonly used to offer things.)
Enough is used to say that it is the exact quantity or amount that is required.
It’s similar to sufficient.
QUANTIFIERS
ENOUGH
We have enough Halloween treats for the kids.

Temos doces de Dia das Bruxas o suficiente para as crianças.
(The Halloween treats we have are sufficient.)
You haven’t drunk enough water.

Você não bebeu água o suficiente.
(As it’s a negative statement, the water you’ve drunk wasn’t enough.)

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All is used to express the total amount of something.
QUANTIFIERS
ALL
All the kids will have Halloween treats.

Todas as crianças receberão doces de Dia das Bruxas.
(100% of the kids will have the treats.)
It’d be nice if all the water on the planet were drinkable.

Seria bom se toda a água do planeta fosse potável.
(All means the whole or 100% of something.)
The quantifiers more, a lot of, most, lots of, and less can be used with both
countable and uncountable nouns.
More is used to state a greater or an additional amount. A lot of or lots of means a
large number or amount, and both expressions are interchangeable. Lots of is more
informal, though. Most is used to express the greatest amount or degree, whereas
less means the smallest amount possible.
QUANTIFIERS
LESS
MORE
I couldn’t care less.
I need to sleep more.
Eu não poderia me importar menos.
Eu preciso dormir mais.
(The smallest degree)
MOST
Most people are good.
A maioria das pessoas é boa.
(Most people = The majority of people)
A LOT OF / LOTS OF
I wish I had a lot of money. / I wish I had lots of money.
Eu gostaria de ter muito dinheiro.

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We are now going to the second group, which is composed of the quantifiers that
can only be used with nouns we can count.
Many is a common quantifier to specify a large amount.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable Nouns
MANY
There are many apples in the fruit basket.

Tem muitas maçãs na fruteira.
(We don’t know the exact number, but we know that there is a big quantity.)
How many apples do I need to make the pie?

De quantas maçãs eu preciso para fazer a torta?
(I want to know the exact quantity.)
The opposite of many is few, or a few. Both indicate a small quantity or number of
things. However, there’s a slight difference in meaning: we use few when the small
quantity carries a negative meaning, that is, the small quantity isn’t desired or isn’t
considered enough. On the other hand, a few carries a positive meaning, so, it’s
used when the small quantity is considered good or enough.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable Nouns
FEW / A FEW
Few students knew the answer.

Poucos alunos sabiam a resposta.
(In this case, a small quantity isn’t good or desired. It’d be better
if all or the majority knew the answer.)
We are a few miles from the airport.

Estamos a poucos quilômetros do aeroporto.
(In this case, being near the airport carries a positive idea.
It’s something good or desired.)

220
There are other quantifiers used with countable nouns, such as several, both,
and each.
Several is used to express more than two countable things or people. Both is
used to identify two people or things together, and each refers to every single
individual or thing in a universe of two or more people or things.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable Nouns
SEVERAL
It took me several days to figure it out.
Levei vários dias para entender.
(More than two days; it could be replaced by many days.)
BOTH
I like both dresses.
Eu gosto de ambos vestidos.
(Both = two)
EACH
I know each student’s needs.
Eu sei as necessidades de cada aluno.
(Each = every single student)
It’s time to look at the third group: quantifiers that can only be used
with uncountable nouns.
We use much to refer to a large amount, usually in negative
sentences, or to ask questions about amounts.
QUANTIFIERS
Uncountable Nouns
MUCH
We don’t have much time.

Não temos muito tempo.
How much time do you have?

Quanto tempo você tem?

221
The quantifiers a little and little are used with uncountable nouns to express a small
amount of something. The difference is that a little implies that this small amount is
good and enough, and little implies that it isn’t good.
QUANTIFIERS
Uncountable Nouns
A LITTLE / LITTLE
I have a little money.

Eu tenho um pouco de dinheiro.
(It’s a positive thing because I have it.)
I have little money.

Eu tenho pouco dinheiro.
(It’s negative because I don’t have enough. I wish I had more.)
Now you know what a quantifier is, and how and when to use the most common ones.

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Question Word - How
Common question words include what, when, where, which, why, who,
and how. On this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the question word how.
The question word how means “in what way” or “to what extent” and, as all the
other question words, it can be used in direct and indirect questions.
QUESTION WORD – HOW

Direct and Indirect Questions
How are you feeling?

Como você está se sentindo?
(Direct Question: How + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
Can you tell me how you are feeling?

Você pode me dizer como está se sentindo?
(Indirect Question: How + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
The structure for direct questions is the question word followed by the
interrogative form, and it can be used with different verb forms.
In the simple present, we can use how with the verb to be or with other verbs.
The difference is that when the verb to be is the main verb, we do not use an
auxiliary verb. For all the other verbs, an auxiliary must be used to create the
questions.

Simple Present
Structure: How + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How are the kids?

Como estão as crianças?
( main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)

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Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form
+ Complement (if necessary)
How do you go to work?

Como você vai para o trabalho?
( main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb do must be used)
How can also be used in the simple past, and the structure will follow the same
pattern of the simple present. The difference is that the verb to be or the auxiliary
verb will be conjugated in the past.

Simple Past
Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How was the game?

Como foi o jogo?
( main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)
Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +
Complement (if necessary)
How did you go to the game?

Como você foi para o jogo?
( main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb did must be used)
The question word how can also be used with continuous forms such as the
present and the past continuous. In this case, we’ll use how followed by the
interrogative form of these structures.
For the interrogative form of the present and past continuous, the verb to be
works as an auxiliary verb, followed by the subject, the main verb in the -ING
form, and a complement, if necessary.

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Present and Past Continuous
Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Main Verb in the -ING Form +

How are you organizing your tasks?

Como você está organizando as suas tarefas?
(I am asking about an action that is in progress now)
How were you feeling when you started therapy?

Como você estava se sentindo quando iniciou a terapia?
(I asked about a feeling that was going on before the person decided to start therapy)
It is also possible to use how with perfect forms such as the present perfect and
the present perfect continuous.

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject +

Main Verb in the Past Participle + Complement (if necessary)
How have you been?

Como você tem estado?
(I want to know how this person has been lately or since I last saw him or her)
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject + Been +

Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
How have you been dealing with this situation?

Como você tem lidado com essa situação?
(It’s an ongoing situation that started in the past and is still going on)

225
We also use how with modal
verbs. In this case, they come right
Modal Verbs
after the question word.
Structure: How + Modal Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
How should we help her?

Como devemos ajudá-la?
(Should works as an auxiliary, and it was used to ask for
guidance or recommendation)
How can we go to the party?

Como podemos ir para a festa?
(Can works as an auxiliary, and it shows the idea of possibility)
If you want to ask more specific questions using how, you can use an
adjective or an adverb after it. Check out the examples.

Other Possibilities
How old is your brother? How often do you go to the gym?

Quantos anos seu irmão tem? Com que frequência você vai à academia?
(How + Old = Age) (How + Often = Frequency)
How much is this T-shirt? How many people were there at the concert?
Quanto custa esta camiseta? Quantas pessoas havia no show?
(How + Much = Amount or Price) (How + Many = Quantity)
How far is San Diego from Los Angeles?

Quão distante é San Diego de Los Angeles? / Qual é a distância de San Diego a Los Angeles?
(How + Far = Distance)
How long does it take to get there? How tall is your brother?
Qual tempo demora para chegar lá? Qual é a altura do seu irmão?
(How + Long = Duration) (How + Tall = Height for People)
How high is Mount Everest?

Quão alto é o Monte Everest? / Qual é a altura do Monte Everest?
(How + High = Height for Places)

226
How can also be used with prepositions such as “about.” There are
two ways we can use it—to offer something or to make a suggestion.
HOW ABOUT
Offers and Suggestions
How about a cup of coffee?

Que tal uma xícara de café?
(How + About + Noun = Offer)
How about going to the movies?

Que tal irmos ao cinema?
(How + About + Verb in the –ING Form = Suggestion)
In spoken English, there is a very common expression with how—how come. It is

used to ask about the reason why something has happened. We could say that how
come is an informal way to ask “why.”
How come can also be used to show surprise. There is an important detail in the
structure of the question, though: how come is always followed by the affirmative
form, regardless of the verb form.
HOW ABOUT
Reason and Surprise (Informal)
How come she went to the party alone?

Como assim ela foi à festa sozinha?
(How Come + Structure of the Affirmative Form in the Simple Past)
How come she is not here?

Como é que ela não está aqui?
Como pode ela não estar aqui?
(How Come + Affirmative Form of the Simple Present)

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We can also use how in exclamations. It can either be followed by a complete
sentence or by an adjective. It’s important to notice, though, that what can also
be used in exclamations.
The difference is that when there is either a complete sentence or only an
adjective, you’ll use how. However, in the case of the structure adjective + noun
or just a noun, you’ll have to use what.
Compare the difference:
HOW AND WHAT

Exclamation
How + Complete Sentence
How I love this city!

Como eu amo essa cidade!
(How + Subject “I” + Main Verb “love” + Complement “this city”)
How + Adjective
How beautiful!
Que bonito!
(How + Adjective “beautiful”)
What + (Article) + Adjective + Noun
What a beautiful city!

Que cidade bonita!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “beautiful” + Noun “city”)
And now you know different ways to use the question word how, it’s meaning, structures in
different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations.

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Question Word -
What
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. On this grammar
guide, we’ll focus on the question word what, which is used to ask general
questions.
In most cases, the structure of direct and indirect questions follows this pattern:
QUESTION WORD – WHAT

What is your favorite color?

Qual é a sua cor favorita?
(Direct Question: Question Word + Interrogative Form)
Tell me what your favorite color is.

Diga-me qual é a sua cor favorita.
(Indirect Question: Question Word + Affirmative Form)
But when we ask direct questions with the question word what, there are three
possible structures.

Structure – Direct Questions
1. What + Interrogative Form
2. What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement
3. What + Noun + Interrogative Form

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Let’s analyze each structure, starting with the first one, which is the question
word what followed by an interrogative form. This structure can be used with
any verb form.

What + Interrogative Form
What does she want for breakfast?

O que ela quer de café da manhã?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form+ Complement)
What did you do yesterday?

O que você fez ontem?
(Simple Past: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)
What were you doing last week?

O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
(Past Continuous: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What have you been doing lately?

O que você tem feito ultimamente?
(Present Perfect: Question Word + 1st Auxiliary + Subject + 2nd Auxiliary +

Main verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What would you do with a million dollars?

O que você faria com um milhão de dólares?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Modal Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)

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It is important to notice that the structure what + interrogative form will never be used for
questions about the subject of the sentence. When we follow this structure, it means that the
subject is included in the given question.
Let’s take a closer look:

What + Interrogative Form
What does she want for breakfast?

O que ela quer de café da manhã?
She wants eggs and toast.

Ela quer ovos e torradas.
(The question is not about who performs the action, but about what the person
wants. The subject “she” is part of the question. The core answer is “eggs and toast.”)
(Não tem relação com o sujeito, mas com o que o sujeito quer fazer.
O sujeito “ela” é parte da pergunta. A resposta central é “ovos e torradas”.)
What were you doing last week?

O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
I was traveling.
Eu estava viajando.
(It’s not about who was performing the action, but what the person was doing.
The subject “you,” which is part of the question, becomes “I” in the answer.
And the core answer is “traveling.”)
(Não tem relação com quem estava fazendo a ação, mas com o que a pessoa estava
fazendo. O sujeito “você”, que é parte da pergunta, vira “eu” na resposta.
A resposta central é “viajando”.)

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But it is possible to ask questions with the question word what to learn about the subject of a sentence.
In such cases, we will use the structure: What + Verb in The Third Person Singular + Complement.
Check the following examples:

What + Verb in Third Person Singular + (Complement)
What makes you happy? Spending time with my family makes me happy.
O que deixa você feliz? Passar tempo com a minha família me deixa feliz.
(The core answer is “spending time with my family,” which is the subject of the answer and is not
part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “makes.”)
(A resposta central é “passar tempo com a minha família”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte da
pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “makes”, deixa.)
There are so many people here. What’s happening?

Tem tanta gente aqui. O que está acontecendo?
A music festival (is happening here).

Um festival de música (está acontecendo aqui).
(The core answer is “a music festival,” which is the subject of the answer and is not part
of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “um festival de música”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte
da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)
What’s bothering them?

O que está incomodando eles?
Not having money to pay their bills (is bothering them).

Não ter dinheiro para pagar as suas contas (está incomodando eles).
(The core answer is “not having money to pay their bills,” which is the subject of the answer and is
not part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “não ter dinheiro para pagar suas contas”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz
parte da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)

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Let’s take a closer look and analyze the structure of the examples
we have previously seen.
(1) (2) (3)

What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement (if necessary)
(1) (2) (3)

What makes you happy?
(1) (2)
What’s happening?
(1) (2) (3)

What’s bothering them?
If you want to ask a more specific question using what, place a noun right after
the question word.

What + Noun + Interrogative Form
What time do you usually wake up?

A que horas você geralmente acorda?
(What + time = used to ask about the hour)
What kind of music do you like?

De que tipo de música você gosta?
(What + kind = used to ask about the specific type of a thing)
What size do you need?

De que tamanho você precisa?
(What + size = used to ask about size)

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There are still some special cases, such as what + about. It is used
to make an offer or to ask about your opinion or how you feel about
something.

Special Cases – What About
What about going to the movies?

Que tal irmos ao cinema?
Great idea.
Ótima ideia.
How are you?

Como vai você?
I’m fine, thanks. What about you?

Eu estou bem. E você?
In informal conversations, there are some common

expressions with the question word what.

Expressions
What’s up?
E aí?
What now?
O que agora?

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The question word what can also be used in exclamations to express surprise,
shock, or emotions. In this case, we use: what + an article + (an adjective) + a
noun. We may or may not include the adjective, but the noun must always be
there in exclamations with what.

Exclamations
Structure: What + Article + (Adjective) + Noun
What a (beautiful) place!

Que lugar (bonito)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “beautiful”) + Noun “place”)
What a great song!

Que música ótima!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “great” + Noun “song”)
What a ( nice) gesture!

Que gesto (legal)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “nice”) + Noun “gesture)
What a song!
Que música!
(What + Article “a” + Noun “song”)
Now you know different ways in which you can use the question word what, the structure used
with different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations and expressions.

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Question Word -
Where
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. Common question
words include what, when, where, which, why, who, and how. On this grammar
guide, we’ll focus on the question word where.
Where is used to ask questions about place.
QUESTION WORD - WHERE
Where
Onde/Aonde
The question word where can be used in direct and indirect questions.
QUESTION WORD – WHERE

Where is the subway station?

Onde é a estação de metrô?
(Direct Question: Where + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
I am asking you where the subway station is.

Eu estou te perguntando onde fica a estação de metrô.
(Indirect Question: When + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
Direct questions with where will follow the same pattern, regardless of the
verb form. The structure will be the question word where followed by the
interrogative form.

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Take a look at the structure to use where with the simple present. Note that when
the main verb is the verb to be, there is no auxiliary verb. For all other verbs, the
auxiliary is necessary.

Where + Interrogative
SIMPLE PRESENT
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
Where are you?

Onde você está?
Structure: Where + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Where do you work? Where does she work?

Onde você trabalha? Onde ela trabalha?
Questions with where in the simple past follow the same pattern of the simple
present. The only difference is that you’ll conjugate the verb to be or the auxiliary
verb in the past

Where + Interrogative
SIMPLE PAST
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
Where were you?

Onde você estava?
Structure: Where + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Where did you go? Where did he go?

Aonde você foi? Aonde ele foi?

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The question word where can also be used with continuous forms such as the
present and the past continuous.

Continuous Forms
Where + Interrogative Form
PRESENT AND PAST
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject +

Main Verb in the -ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
Where are you going?

Aonde você está indo?
Where were you going last night when I arrived?

Aonde você estava indo ontem à noite quando cheguei?
It is possible to use where with perfect forms such as the present

perfect and the present perfect continuous.

Perfect Forms
PRESENT PERFECT
A past action that is still relevant.

Uma ação passada que ainda é relevante.
Structure: Where + Verb To Have + Subject +

Main Verb in the Past Participle + Complement (if necessary)
Where have you been?

Por onde você esteve?

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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Action started in the past and still going on.

Ação iniciada no passado que ainda está acontecendo.
Structure: Where + Verb To Have + Subject + Been +

Main Verb in the -ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
Where have you been working?

Onde você tem trabalhado?
Modal verbs can be used in questions with where. In this case, the modal verb
comes right after the question word.

Modal Verbs
Structure: Where + Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +
Where should we go on our next vacation?

Aonde devemos ir em nossas próximas férias?
(should = recommendation)
Where would you like to live?

Onde você gostaria de viver?
(would = hypothetical question)
Where can we find an ATM machine?

Onde podemos encontrar um caixa eletrônico?
(can = possibility)
In English, it is common to use where with verbs followed by prepositions that

express directions. When we use these prepositions, they are placed right after
the verb.
Two frequent prepositions used in questions with where are “to” and “from,”
since they typically follow verbs that express movement.

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Check out some questions with the verbs to go and to come followed by these prepositions.

Where + Verbs Followed by Prepositions
Where are you going (to)?

Para onde você está indo? / Aonde você está indo?
(The preposition is optional because the verb to go expresses movement toward a place
with or without the preposition.)
(A preposição é opcional porque ir o verbo ir indica movimento em direção a algum lugar,
com ou sem preposição.)
Where is she coming from?

De onde ela está vindo?
(The preposition is mandatory, otherwise the verb to come might not imply the idea of origin.)
(A preposição é obrigatória, caso contrário, o verbo vir pode não transmitir a ideia de origem.)
And now you know what a question word is and how to use the question
word where to ask indirect or direct questions with different verb forms.

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Question Word –
Who
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. The question word
who is used to ask questions about people.
Question Word—W ho
Who is that girl?

Quem é aquela garota?
(Direct question = who + structure of interrogative form)
Tell me who that girl is.

Diga-me que é essa garota.
(Indirect question = who + structure of affirmative form)
As with all question words, the most frequent structure to ask a direct question is
the question word followed by the interrogative form in different verb forms.
In the simple present, when we use who with the verb to be, we do not use an
auxiliary verb.
WHO – SIMPLE PRESENT

To be
Who is your favorite singer?

Quem é o seu cantor favorito?
(Simple Present + To be = No auxiliary)

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With all the other verbs in all other verb forms, we need to use an auxiliary verb in the interrogative form. But
when we ask questions with the question word who, we have to pay special attention to this structure.
The question word who is always used to ask about the identification of a person. However, it is possible to
ask about the subject or the object of the sentence. This is important because the structure of the question
will change.
Take a look:
When we ask about the subject, the main verb is conjugated in third person singular. Pay attention to the
structure of the interrogative sentence:

Questions about the subject
Structure: Who + Verb in the third person singular + Complement
Who helps you with the kids?

Quem te ajuda com as crianças?
(Who + verb in the third person singular “helps” + complement “you with the kids”)
My mom helps me with the kids.

Minha mãe me ajuda com as crianças.
(Subject “my mom” + verb in the affirmative “helps” + complement “me with the kids”)
(The core of the answer is the subject “My mom.”)
(A parte central da resposta é o sujeito “Minha mãe”.)
When we ask questions to learn about the object of a sentence, then the subject is included in the question,
and we will use who followed by the structure of the interrogative form.

Questions about the object
Structure: Who + Structure of the Interrogative Form
Who do you want to win the elections?

Quem você quer que vença as eleições?
(Who + Interrogative Form: Auxiliary “do” + Subject “you” + Main Verb “want” + Complement)
I want Michael to win the elections.

Eu quero que o Michael vença as eleições.
(Subject “I” + Verb in the Affirmative “want” + Object “Michael” + Complement “to win the elections”)
(The core of the answer is the object “Michael.”)
(A parte central da resposta é o objeto “Michael”.)

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In the simple past, we follow the same pattern. The difference here is that the
auxiliary verb in the past is did regardless of the subject.
As with the simple present, if we use the verb to be, we don’t use the auxiliary
verb. We will use was or were, according to the subject.
WHO – SIMPLE PAST

Subject and Object Questions
Who was Anne Frank?

Quem foi Anne Frank?
(Who + Verb To Be)
Who called you?

Quem te ligou?
(Who + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement)
Who did you call?

Para quem você ligou?
(Who + Interrogative Form: Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb)
In continuous forms such as the present and the past continuous, we’ll use the
question word who followed by the interrogative of these structures.
WHO – CONTINUOUS FORMS

Present and Past Continuous
Who is driving today?

Quem está dirigindo hoje?
(Who + Verb in the third person singular + Complement)
Who were you talking to?

Com quem você estava falando?
(Who + Interrogative Form: Auxiliary + Subject + Main Verb)

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With perfect forms, such as the present perfect and the present perfect continuous,
we’ll use the same patterns.
WORD – PERFE CT FORMS

Who has won the most Oscars?

Quem ganhou mais Oscars?
(Who + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement)
Who have you been seeing?

Com quem você tem saído?
(Who + Interrogative Form: Auxiliary 1 + Subject + Auxiliary 2 + Main verb)
Who is commonly used with modal verbs. In this case, the modal comes right after the question word.
WHO – MODAL VERBS
Who should we consider for the project? Who can help us?
Quem devemos considerar para o projeto? Quem pode nos ajudar?
Who would you take to a desert island?

Quem você levaria para uma ilha deserta?
You can make questions using who and verbs followed by prepositions. In these cases, the prepositions
go to the end of the sentence.
WHO
Verbs + Prepositions
Who are you going out with? Who did you talk to?
Com quem você vai sair? Com quem você falou?
(I am asking about the person or (In this question, we want to know
people who are joining you.) who that person is.)
And now you know when and how to use who, and you’ve seen its
structure with different verb forms.

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Regular Verbs
In English, verbs can be either regular or irregular.
Most verbs are regular, that is to say that both their past and past participle will
follow a general rule for regular verbs, which is to add -ED to the base form.
RE GUL AR VERBS
General rule add -ED
to call (called) to finish (finished)

chamar, telefonar acabar, terminar
to help (helped) to listen (listened)

ajudar ouvir
to look (looked) to need ( needed)

olhar, parecer precisar
to play ( played) to show (showed)

brincar, jogar, tocar mostrar
to start (started) to visit (visited)

começar visitar
to want (wanted) to work (worked)

querer trabalhar

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However, there are some specific spelling rules depending
on how the base form ends.
For regular verbs that already end in -E, we just add -D.
RE GUL AR VERBS
For verbs ending in -E, add -D
Infinitive Form: to arrive (chegar)

You’ve arrived early.
Você chegou cedo.
Infinitive Form: to live ( morar)

I lived in London when I was a child.
Eu morei em Londres quando eu era criança.
Infinitive Form: to introduce (apresentar)

I’ve introduced Julia to Mark.
Eu apresentei a Julia ao Mark.
Infinitive Form: to like (gostar)

I liked this book very much.
Eu gostei muito desse livro.
For regular verbs that end with a consonant followed by the letter
Y, we drop the -Y, and add -IED.
RE GUL AR VERBS
Verbs ending with a consonant followed by Y, add -IED
Infinitive Form: to study (estudar)

Michelle has studied a lot for her math exam.
Michelle estudou muito para sua prova de matemática.
Infinitive Form: to cry (chorar)

The baby cried a lot last night.
O bebê chorou muito noite passada.
Infinitive Form: to try (tentar)

I tried to help her, but I couldn’t.
Eu tentei ajudá-la, mas não consegui.

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When the regular verb ends in the combination of consonant, vowel, consonant
(CVC) and the last syllable is stressed, we double the final consonant and add
-ED to form the past.
RE GUL AR VERBS
Verbs ending in CVC: double the last consonant and add -ED
Infinitive Form: to stop ( parar)

We stopped at the drugstore to buy some things.
Nós paramos na farmácia para comprar algumas coisas.
Infinitive Form: to plan ( planejar)

We had planned to arrive early, but we are late.
Nós tínhamos planejado chegar cedo, mas estamos atrasados.
Infinitive Form: to prefer ( preferir)

Tony preferred to stay home last night.
Tony preferiu ficar em casa noite passada.
Infinitive Form: to occur (ocorrer)

Something unexpected has occurred.
Algo inesperado ocorreu.
Pay attention to the fact that there are also verbs ending in the combination consonant + vowel + consonant
in which the last consonant is L.
In British English, these verbs, regardless of the stressed syllable, will always have their past and past
particle forms with double L. Therefore, travelled with double L or traveled with one L are both correct
spellings of the past of the verb to travel. The same happens with the verb to cancel.
RE GUL AR VERBS
Verbs ending in CVC in which the last consonant is L: add -ED or double the L and add -ED
British English: Double the L and add -ED

American English: Add -ED
Infinitive Form: to travel (viajar)

I travelled/traveled to Paris in my honeymoon.
Eu viajei para Paris em minha lua de mel.
Infinitive Form: to cancel (cancelar)

The flight has been cancelled/canceled due to bad weather conditions.
O vôo foi cancelado devido ao mau tempo.

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For verbs ending in -C, we’ll add -KED to form the past and past participle.
These are rarer cases, but, among the most frequent verbs in the English
language, we could mention the verb to panic.
RE GUL AR VERBS
Verbs ending in –C: add -KED
Infinitive Form: to panic (entrar em pânico)

I panicked when I saw my bank balance.
Eu entrei em pânico quando vi meu saldo bancário.
And now you know how to use the regular verbs in the
past and the past participle.

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Simple Past –
Other Verbs
The simple past is a verb form used to talk about things that happened or existed in
the past.
Check the structures, starting with affirmative sentences in the past.
SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Main Verb (in the Past) + Complement
I watched all the episodes of this series.

Eu assisti a todos os episódios desta série.
(I performed this action in the past. It’s over now because I finished it).
In affirmative sentences, the auxiliary verb is not necessary, but it can be used in some
specific contexts to emphasize the message.
If we decide to use the auxiliary did to add emphasis to affirmative sentences, the main verb
goes back to its base form.
SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative Sentences – Adding Emphasis
Structure: Subject + Auxiliary Verb (in the Past) +

Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
I did watch all the episodes of this series.

Eu (de fato) assisti a todos os episódios desta série.
(Note that the auxiliary doesn’t have a meaning, only the function of emphasizing).

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The verb conjugation in the simple past will be the same for all persons, singular or plural.
What we must take into consideration, though, is that some verbs in English are regular, while
others are irregular.
In the previous example in the affirmative form, we used the regular verb to watch in the past,
which is watched.
For regular verbs, we’ll add -D, -ED, or -IED to the end, depending on how the base form is
spelled. Check the spelling rules for regular verbs in the past.
SIMPLE PAST – RE GUL AR VERBS

Spelling Rules
GENERAL RULE: ADD -ED
To watch – watched To play – played

Assistir Brincar, jogar, tocar
VERBS ENDING IN -E: ADD -D
To like – liked To love – loved

Gostar Amar
VERBS ENDING IN CONSONANT + -Y: DROP THE -Y AND ADD -IED
To study – studied To cry – cried

Estudar Chorar
CVC VERBS: DOUBLE THE LAST CONSONANT AND ADD -ED
To stop – stopped To plan – planned

Parar Planejar

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These are the spelling rules for all regular verbs in the past, which are most
verbs in English.
But there are few irregular verbs in English, and they do deserve some special
attention. As the name says, they are irregular, which means there is not one
pattern that applies to all of them.
For instance, some irregular verbs suffer significant changes in their base
forms. That’s the case of the verb to be, which in the past becomes was or were
depending on the subject, or the verb to have, which becomes had, and the verb
to go, which becomes went. On the other hand, verbs such as to quit, to put, or
to cut will keep their base form when conjugated in the past.
SIMPLE PAST
Irregular Verbs
To be – was/were To quit – quit

Ser, estar Desistir
To have – had To cut – cut

Ter Cortar
To go – went To put – put

Ir Botar, colocar
There’s a grammar guide dedicated to irregular verbs in the past. Check it so you can learn
more about them.
Now, when using sentences in the negative and in the interrogative forms, the fact that the
verbs can be either regular or irregular is unimportant, since it’s the auxiliary verb did that
will be conjugated. This means that the main verb goes back to its base form.
SIMPLE PAST
Negative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Auxiliary (Did) + NOT + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
I didn’t watch this series.

Eu não assisti a esta série.
(didn’t = did not)

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The contracted form didn’t will be used in most cases. However, in formal
written language, it is advisable to avoid the use of the contraction. In spoken
language, if you use the full form, you are adding emphasis to a negative
statement.
SIMPLE PAST
Negative Sentences – Adding Emphasis
I did not watch this series.

Eu não assisti a esta série.
For interrogative sentences, we’ll invert the order and place the auxiliary before the subject.
SIM PLE PAST

Interrogative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Auxiliary (Did) + NOT + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
Did you watch all the episodes of the final season?

Você assistiu a todos os episódios da temporada final?
Now that we’ve seen the simple past in the affirmative form and the spelling
rules for regular verbs, as well as the structures of negative and interrogative
sentences, it’s time to see its common usages.
We use the simple past to talk about definite time in the past.
SIMPLE PAST
Uses
I graduated in December.
Eu me formei em dezembro.
(“To graduate” is a regular verb, and its past form is “graduated”)
We went to the movies yesterday.

Nós fomos ao cinema ontem.
(“To go” is an irregular verb, and its past form is “went”)

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The simple past may or may not have an explicit time reference.
Either way, it refers to past events.
SIMPLE PAST
Uses
Anne studied with me.

A Anne estudou comigo.
(No time reference: but it’s still a finished action in past)
Santos Dumont flew around the Eiffel Tower.

Santos Dumont voou em volta da Torre Eiffel.
(No time reference: but it’s still a finished action in past)
We can use the simple past to talk about events that happened once or events that happened
with some frequency in the past.
SIMPLE PAST
Uses
I went to Italy for my 15th birthday.

Eu fui para a Itália no meu aniversário de 15 anos.
(The trip to Italy is an isolated event that happened because of my 15th birthday).
Every summer I traveled with my family to Italy.

Todo verão eu viajava com minha família para a Itália.
(The trip to Italy was something that happened more frequently, every summer.)

253
When we want to make it clearer that we are talking about a past habit, something that
happened frequently in the past, it’s also possible to use the expression used to followed
by a main verb.
USED TO
Frequent Events in the Past
Structure: Subject + Used to + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
I used to travel to Italy every summer.

Eu costumava viajar para a Itália todo verão.
(Used to + Main Verb in the Base Form = frequent events or habits in the past)
Now you know when and why we use the simple past with other verbs,
as well as its structures and spelling rules.

254
Simple Past - To Be
The simple past is used to talk about an event that happened in the past. The time it occurred may
be given or not, but it refers to an event that happened in the past.
In this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the verb to be in the past. First, it’s important to know
that the verb to be is an irregular verb, and it’s the only verb in English that has two irregular
conjugations for the simple past depending on the person: was and were.
SIMPLE PAST
Verb To Be
Singular Plural
Verb (To Be) Verb (To Be)

First person I was we were

Second person you were you were
he/she/it was they were

Third person
seu(s), sua(s), dela seus, suas, deles, delas
Check the structures for interrogative, negative, and affirmative sentences.

The basic structure for affirmative sentences is the SVC structure, that is, the subject, the verb to be in the
past, and the complement.
SIM PLE PAST – TO BE

Affirmative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Verb + Complement
I was in Los Angeles last week.

Eu estava em Los Angeles na semana passada.
(Subject “I” + Verb in the Simple Past “was” + Complement “in Los Angeles last week”)
We were at the annual conference.

Nós estávamos na conferência anual.
(Subject “we” + Verb in the Simple Past “were” + Complement “at the annual conference”)

255
To make a negative statement, you’ll place the negative particle not after the verb. It is very
common to see the contracted forms, which are, wasn’t for was not, and weren’t for were not.
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Negative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Verb + NOT + Complement
I wasn’t home when he arrived.

Eu não estava em casa quando ele chegou.
(wasn’t = was not)
We weren’t in Rio last summer.

Nós não estávamos no Rio no verão passado.
(weren’t = were not)
In interrogative sentences, we invert the order and place the verb before the subject.
Interrogative Sentences
Structure: Verb + Subject + Complement
Were you home last night?

Você estava em casa ontem à noite?
Was Meg with you?

A Meg estava com você?
In the simple past, you’ll only see contracted or short forms in negative sentences.
Short forms are very common in everyday situations. However, if you want to sound
more formal or more emphatic, use the full form.

256
Let’s now check some possible uses of the verb to be in the simple past.
To Be is used to refer to past physical conditions or states.
Uses
I was sad because I failed the exam.

Eu estava triste porque não passei na prova.
(I was feeling that way, but I am not anymore).
I was so thirsty.
Eu estava com muita sede.
(I am referring to a past state. I probably had water, and I am not thirsty anymore).
I was skinnier.
Eu era mais magro(a).
(It was how I looked in the past, but I’ve changed).
We can talk about a past age, profession, or marital status.
Uses
Age
I was 40 years old when my son was born.
Eu tinha 40 anos quando o meu filho nasceu.
(I am not 40 anymore. I was 40 at the time of that specific event—the day my son was born).
Profession
I was a teacher.
Eu era professor(a).
(I was a teacher. I may have retired or I changed my profession).
Marital Status
I was married.
Eu era casado(a).
(Since it is in past, it means I am not married anymore.
I may be divorced or have become a widow/widower).

257
We can use the verb to be in the past to talk about past relationships.
Uses
We were friends.
Nós éramos amigos.
(We are not that close anymore, maybe we don’t see each
other as often as we used to).
He was my boyfriend.
Ele era meu namorado.
(We broke up and he is not my boyfriend anymore. He is my ex now).
We can also use the verb to be in the past to talk about past time and dates.
Uses
It was about 8 a.m. when she left.

Eram cerca de 8 horas da manhã quando ela saiu.
Our last appointment was on January 3rd.

A nossa última consulta foi no dia 3 de janeiro.

258
We can use the verb to be in the past to refer to places and locations in the past.
Uses
Meg was at the mall with me.

A Meg estava no shopping comigo.
(I am mentioning the place where Meg and I were).
My office was on Fifth avenue.

Meu escritório ficava na 5ª avenida.
(I am talking about a past location—it’s not there anymore.
I may have moved to another office).
And now you know when and why we use the verb to be in the simple past, as well as its
structure and the contracted form for negative sentences.

259
Simple Present -
Other Verbs
The simple present was divided into two grammar guides, and we did that
because there is an important difference in structure.
In this grammar guide, we’ll talk about the simple present with verbs that are not
the verb to be, that is, all the other verbs.
When we use the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary verb to make interrogative
and negative sentences. But when we use other verbs, we need to use the
auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb for the simple present is do or does, according to
the subject.
Check out the difference in the box.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be Other Verbs
Interrogative Is she a teacher? Does she work as a teacher?

Ela é professora? Ela trabalha como professora?
Negative She isn’t a teacher. She doesn’t work as a teacher.

Ela não é professora. Ela não trabalha como professora.
The basic structure for the affirmative form is the SVC structure, that is, subject,
main verb, and complement. And the verb conjugation works like this: we’ll use the
base form of the verb for all persons, except for the third person singular. In this
case, we’ll add –S, –ES, or –IES to the end of the verb, depending on how it’s spelled.

260
If you want to learn more about the third person spelling rules, you can check the grammar
guide on this topic. However, most verbs will only take a final S in the third person singular,
as you can see in the following table.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form
Singular Plural
I work here. We work here.

First person
Eu trabalho aqui. Nós trabalhamos aqui.
You work here. You work here.

Second person
Você trabalha aqui. Vocês trabalham aqui.
He works here.
Ele trabalha aqui.
She works here. They work here.

Third person
Ela trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas trabalham aqui.
It works for now.

Isso funciona por enquanto.
Notice that we do not use the auxiliary verb in the affirmative form. But it’s possible to use it to
add emphasis to a statement. In that case, the auxiliary verb is placed before the main verb.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form: Adding Emphasis
Usage of the Auxiliary Do
I do have the right to speak my mind.

Eu tenho (sim) o direito de dar minha opinião.
(The verb “do” is used as an auxiliary. So it does not have a meaning, but a function).
(O verbo “do” é usado como auxiliar. Portanto, não tem um significado, mas uma função).

261
Thus, it is possible to use the auxiliary with the simple present in the affirmative form, but it’s also important
to notice that it adds emphasis to the sentence, which means that it is only going to happen in very specific
contexts.
As for the negative and interrogative forms, the auxiliary do is not optional, it’s necessary.
The basic structure for the negative form is the subject, the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to the
subject, the negative particle not, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
You should pay close attention to the third person singular. In both negative and interrogative forms, the
conjugation goes in the auxiliary verb, that is, we will use does, and, because of that, the main verb goes
back to its base form.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Negative Form
Singular Plural
I don’t work here. We don’t work here.

First person
Eu não trabalho aqui. Nós não trabalhamos aqui.
You don’t work here. You don’t work here.

Second person
Você não trabalha aqui. Vocês não trabalham aqui.
He doesn’t work here.

Ele não trabalha aqui.
She doesn’t work here. They don’t work here.

Third person
Ela não trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas não trabalham aqui.
It doesn’t work for now.

(Isso) não funciona por enquanto.
In informal language, the contracted

forms don’t (do + not) or doesn’t SIMPLE PRESENT
(does + not) are used in most cases. Negative Form: Adding Emphasis
In formal written language, we avoid
using contractions. Do Not Use the Contracted Form
On the other hand, in spoken
language, if we use the full form, You do not have the right to shout at people.
it probably means we want to add Você não tem o direito de gritar com as pessoas.
emphasis to a negative statement.

262
The basic interrogative form structure in the simple present is the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to
the subject, the subject, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
So the position of the auxiliary verb and the subject is inverted, and, once again, in the third person singular,
the main verb goes back to its base form, and the auxiliary verb is conjugated.
Check out the following table:
SIMPLE PRESENT
Interrogative Form
Singular Plural
Do I work here? Do we work here?

First person
Eu trabalho aqui? Nós trabalhamos aqui?
Do you work here? Do you work here?

Second person
Você trabalha aqui? Vocês trabalham aqui?
Does he work here?

Ele trabalha aqui?
Does she work here? Do they work here?

Third person
Ela trabalha aqui? Eles/Elas trabalham aqui?
Does it work for now?

Isso funciona por enquanto?
The simple present is used to talk SIMPLE PRESENT

about facts and to show repetitions, Other Verbs – Uses
habits, or generalizations.
I work at a law firm.

Eu trabalho em um escritório de advocacia.
She works a lot.

Ela trabalha muito.

263
It can also be used to present a series of events when we narrate
something or give instructions and directions.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
First you read the questions, then you have to mark the correct statement.
Primeiro você lê as perguntas, depois você tem que marcar a afirmação correta.
You go straight and turn right on the traffic light.

Você segue em frente e vira à direita no semáforo.
The simple present can convey the idea of immediacy and drama, and that’s why it’s commonly
used in stories or novels, in sports broadcasting, and in newspaper headlines, even when
reporting past events.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
She crosses the street toward him, looks back, and decides to let it go.
Ela atravessa a rua em direção a ele, olha para trás e decide deixar para lá.
He gets the ball, passes through the defense and shoots, but the goalkeeper saves it.
Ele pega a bola, passa pela defesa e chuta, mas o goleiro agarra.
Firefighters save many lives in Brooklyn.

Os bombeiros salvam muitas vidas no Brooklyn.

264
In English, some verbs cannot be used in continuous forms. These verbs are
called non-progressive verbs, and we use them in the simple present. This
group is divided into different subgroups of verbs.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Non-progressive Verbs
Mental process verbs
know, suppose, think, understand

saber, supor, achar, entender
Verbs that express feelings
admire, adore, hate, like, respect

admirar, adorar, detestar, gostar, respeitar
Verbs that describe senses
smell, taste, hear

sentir cheiro, sentir sabor, ouvir
Speech act verbs
promise, swear, agree, deny

prometer, jurar, concordar, negar
And now you know the structure and the most common uses of the simple present.

265
Simple Present -
Verb To Be
The simple present is used to talk about factual information or things
that happen regularly.
SIMPLE PRESENT
This wall is white.

Esta parede é branca.
(It’s a factual piece of information.)
I sleep for 8 or 9 hours a day.

Eu durmo de 8 a 9 horas por dia.
(It’s part of a routine, something I do every day.)
The simple present will be tackled in two different grammar guides.

In this one, we’ll focus on the simple present sentences in which the
main verb is the verb to be.
Check the following table to see the conjugation of the verb to be in
the simple present.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
Singular Plural
First person I am We are
Second person You are You are
Third person He/She/It is They are

266
There is a different sentence structure for the interrogative, negative, and
affirmative forms. In affirmative sentences, we’ll frequently use the SVC
structure, that is, Subject, Verb, and Complement. To make a negative
statement, you’ll place the negative particle not after the verb. And to ask a
question, we invert the order and place the verb before the subject.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
Affirmative
Subject + Verb To Be + Complement
I’m a writer.
Eu sou escritor.
Negative
Subject + Verb To Be + NOT + Complement
I am not a writer.
Eu não sou escritor.
Interrogative
Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
Are you a writer?

Você é escritor?
The simple present of the verb to be is commonly

SIMPLE PRESENT
used in its contracted form, also known as short
Verb To Be – Contracted Form
form. Contractions are considered informal, and they
are very common in everyday situations. However,
if you want to sound more formal or more emphatic, Affirmative Negative
use the full form. I’m I’m not
The short or contracted forms can be used in You’re You aren’t
affirmative or negative sentences. He’s/She’s/It’s He/She/It isn’t
We’re We aren’t
They’re They aren’t

267
Now that you know the conjugation in the plural and singular forms, its structure
for affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, as well as its full and
contracted forms, check out the possible uses of the verb to be in the simple
present.
It can be used to refer to personal information such as name, age, profession,
marital status, and nationality.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
Name
I am Sophie. My name is Sophie.
Eu sou Sophie. O meu nome é Sophie.
Profession Age
I am an architect. I am 36 years old.
Eu sou arquiteta. Eu tenho 36 anos.
Nationality Marital Status

I am French. I am single.
Eu sou francesa. Eu sou solteira.
We can also use the verb to be followed by an adjective to talk about

permanent or temporary physical characteristics and feelings.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am thirsty.
Eu estou com sede.
(It’s a state. Something I am experiencing now.)
I am skinny.
Eu sou magro(a).
(It refers to a physical characteristic.)

268
The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about permanent or
temporary qualities or states, personal characteristics, or mood.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am stressed. I am a stressed person.

Eu estou estressado(a). Eu sou uma pessoa estressada.
(It’s a current mood or a temporary state.) (It’s part of my personality.)
The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about time and dates.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
It’s eleven o’clock. Our meeting is on December 3rd.

São onze horas. A nossa reunião é no dia 3 de dezembro.
We can use the verb to be in the simple present to refer to places and locations as well.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am at the mall. The 9/11 Memorial is in Manhattan.

Eu estou no shopping. O memorial do 11 de Setembro é em Manhattan.
And now you know when and why we use the verb to be in the simple present.

269
Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns are personal pronouns that replace nouns that work as the
subject of the sentence. Let’s take a look at them:
First person pronouns are the ones used to refer to the person speaking;
second person pronouns refer to the person we are talking to; and third person
pronouns, to the people or objects we are talking about.
SUBJE CT PRONOUNS
Singular Plural
I we
First person
eu nós

you you
Second person
tu/você vós/vocês
he
ele ( pessoa)
she they
Third person
ela ( pessoa) eles/elas
it
ele/ela (exceto pessoas)
Let’s start analyzing the first person pronouns, the ones that refer to the person
who is talking.
The first person singular pronoun (I) is always written with a capital letter,
regardless of its position in the sentence. Capitalization does not happen with
any other pronoun in English, not even with the first person plural (we).

270
SUBJE CT PRONOUNS
First Person
I am her friend.
Eu sou amigo(a) dela.
(first person singular pronoun I) We are friends.
Nós somos amigos.
(first person plural pronoun we)
Karen and I work at the same company.

Karen e eu trabalhamos na mesma empresa.
(first person singular pronoun I)
That was the moment we decided to quit the job.

Foi nesse momento que nós decidimos deixar o emprego.
(first person plural pronoun we)
For the second person, the subject pronoun you will be used both in the singular
and in the plural. You always refers to the person or the people you are talking to.
Therefore, the context will tell you whether it is singular or plural.
SUBJE CT PRONOUNS
Second Person
You are a teacher.

Você é professor.
(second person singular pronoun you)
You are teachers.

Vocês são professores.
(second person plural pronoun you)

271
The third person is used to refer to the people or objects we are talking about. In the
third person singular, there are two pronouns used to refer to people, and, in some
cases, to pets: he and she. “He” is used for the masculine; and “she,” for the feminine.
SUBJE CT PRONOUNS
Third Person Singular (He/She)
John is a teacher. He is very good.

O John é professor. Ele é muito bom.
(third person singular masculine pronoun he)
Sarah is an actress. She is great.

A Sarah é atriz. Ela é ótima.
(third person singular feminine pronoun she)
For all the other cases, we will use the other third person singular pronoun, it;
that is, to talk about any other thing in the singular.
SUBJE CT PRONOUN
Turn off the computer. It’s too hot.

Desligue o computador. Ele está muito quente.
(third person singular neutral pronoun it)
Turn the TV down. It’s loud.

Abaixe a televisão. Ela está alta.
(third person singular neutral pronoun it)
Notice that, in the examples we have just seen, the reference of the pronoun it is
clear in the sentence. It refers to the computer in the first example, and to the TV in
the second one.
But the pronoun it will also be used as a subject in sentences that have an
impersonal subject. This impersonal use of it introduces new information, and it is
used particularly to talk about time, dates, the weather, and opinion.
When it has an impersonal function, it does not refer to a previously mentioned
noun. In this case, the pronoun it simply works as the subject of the sentence.

272
Take a look at the following examples:
SUBJE CT PRONOUN
It’s a pleasure to be here.

É um prazer estar aqui.
(third person singular neutral pronoun it impersonal subject)
It’s hot today.

Está quente hoje.
It’s late.
Está tarde.
For the third person plural, there is only one pronoun: they. This is the plural form of the pronouns he, she,
and it—meaning this pronoun can be used to refer both to people and objects.
SUBJE CT PRONOUN
Third Person Plural (They)
They are good teachers. They are great students.

Elas são boas professoras. Eles são ótimos alunos.
(third person plural pronoun they) (third person plural pronoun they)
They are good books.

São bons livros.
(third person plural pronoun they)
And now you know how to use subject pronouns in English.

273
Will
The modal verb will is mostly used to refer to the future. As all modal verbs,
it functions as an auxiliary verb, adding meaning to the main verb.
Check the structures for the affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms.
WILL
Structure
Affirmative
She will go to college next year.

Ela vai para a faculdade ano que vem.
Subject + Will + Main Verb in the Base Form +

Negative
Will you talk to her?

Você vai falar com ela?
Will + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +

Interrogative
It won’t rain.
Não vai chover.
Subject + Will + Not (Won’t) + Main Verb in the Base Form +


274
Will is commonly used to express willingness and decisions about
the future that we make at the moment we speak.
WILL
Uses
Willingness and Decisions
I’ll (I + will) get the door.

Eu vou abrir a porta.
I will quit smoking.

Eu vou parar de fumar.
In the interrogative, we can use will to tell people what to do or to

make proposals. We can also use it for promises in affirmative and
negative sentences.
WILL
Uses
Tell people what to do
Will you behave now?

Você vai se comportar agora?
Make an offer / a proposal
Will you marry me?

Você quer se casar comigo?
Promises
I will always be with you.

Eu sempre estarei com você.

275
It can be used to express refusal in the negative form.
WILL
Uses
Refusal
I won’t (will + not) talk to her.

Eu não vou falar com ela.
She won’t talk to anybody.

Ela não vai falar com ninguém.
Will is also used to refer to things that are inevitable.
WILL
Inevitability
You’ll have to attend driving classes to get your driver’s license.

Você terá que fazer aulas de direção para tirar a carteira de motorista.
Now you know that will is a modal auxiliary verb,

and you are familiar with its structures and common uses.

276
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Chapters.

1 Getting Your Tickets p. 03

2 Packages and Extras p. 23

3 Getting to the Park p. 40

4 Rides and Attractions p. 60

6 Fun for Kids p. 96

GE TTING YOUR TICKE TS

[At Universal Orlando]

We won’t be disappointed! American theme parks are designed to

[Near the box office]

< voltar para o índice

days do you want to spend at each park complex? A single-day ticket

COMPRANDO SEUS INGRESSOS

[No Universal Orlando]

Não vamos ficar decepcionados! Parques temáticos americanos são

< voltar para o índice

Para você aproveitar ao máximo a sua experiência, é sempre aconselhável

Mas lembre-se, e isso é super, super, superimportante: somente compre

< voltar para o índice

Park Amusement park Theme park

Ferris wheel Bumper cars

< voltar para o índice

UNIVERSAL ORL ANDO RESORT

WALT DISNE Y WORLD RESORT

And the parks are: Magic Kingdom, Epcot Center, Disney’s

< voltar para o índice

Single-day ticket Multi-day ticket

Multi-park admission ticket

Here are the basic steps to buy tickets online:

Click on the Tickets link.

Find Admission Tickets.

Choose if the ticket is for a child or an adult.

Consider adding the multi-park experience: park-to-park or

< voltar para o índice

FINISHING THE PURCHASE

Check out Buy tickets

Purchase tickets Go to cart

Ticket window, Ticket office, Box office

Good morning! Hi. How are you?

Hello. What can I do for you today?

< voltar para o índice

Remember that when you go to theme parks, you will find an

I’d like to buy an admission ticket, please.

Can I have a one-day ticket, please?

How much is the one-day admission ticket?

The clerk is probably going to check if you want a one-day ticket or

Would you like a one-day ticket?

Would you like a multi-day ticket?

How many days would you like to visit the parks?

Would you like a single-park ticket or a park-to-park ticket?

Would you like a park-hopper ticket?

< voltar para o índice

What are the benefits of a park-to-park ticket?

What are the benefits of a three-day ticket?

How many tickets would you like to buy today?

Or they might ask:

How many people are in your party?

I need two adult tickets and two child tickets.

< voltar para o índice

And the clerk might ask:

( 4 ) People ( 10 ) Single-day ticket (8 ) Parque temático (1 ) Crianças

( 5 ) Admission ( 11 ) Amusement park (2 ) Hoje ( 4 ) Pessoas