EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS

LEADING TO PREGNANCY IN BARANGAY GUADALUPE

CEBU CITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Nursing
Southwestern University PHINMA
Cebu City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Nursing Research II

By

NIADAS, NICEFORO JR. CARABALLE

NOVAL, LYN-JE KIRSTENE MONTAUS
OBLIGADO, HONEY GRACE
PAQUIBOT, CLIFFORD G.
PONCE, KETH NICOLE B.
PUIG, SUNNY MAE T.
ROSALES, RHONNEL A.
SARANILLO, MARY CLAIRE O.
SAYSON, SHALEA ASHLEY ARNADO
SOTEN, KATHLEEN KAYE MILLAN
TABORNAL, MELANIE A.
TALDO, MERLIE MALINAO
TEOPIZ, MARK JOVAN JR. M.
UMALI, TRISHA S.
VIRGINES, APRIL NICOLE ANG
YAP, ROANNE MARIE VILLA
YBAÑEZ, ERICA
November, 2021
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND

PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO PREGNANCY IN BARANGAY
GUADALUPE CEBU CITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC” prepared and
submitted by Group 3: MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for Nursing Research II has been examined and is
recommended for the acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.

THESIS COMMITTEE

MS. JESSEL SEBOA

Adviser

MS. SALOME PLANCO MS. RHEA BUCOG

Member Member

MR. ANTHONY MERCADO

Chairman

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on ORAL EXAMINATION with a grade of PASSED

MR. ANTHONY MERCADO

Chairman

MS. SALOME PLANCO MS. RHEA BUCOG

Member Member

MS. JESSEL SEBOA

Adviser

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

NURSING RESEARCH II.

Comprehensive Examination Passed:

Date of Oral Examination: November 08, 2021

MICHELLE B. YU, RN, DM

Dean

ii
 ABSTRACT

Many people in Barangay Guadalupe are staying at home in a

bid to stem the spread of the coronavirus. Some of them are

turning the crisis into an opportunity by sparing more time to

develop a more intimate relationship with their partner and can

indulge in love making more often during the day. Researchers are

interested on what sexual motivation factors contribute to this

phenomenon. Specifically, this study aims to determine the

emotional relationship and psychosocial factors leading to

pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in Barangay Guadalupe,

Cebu City.

To test the hypothesis on the extent of emotional relationship

and psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy during the COVID-19

pandemic, an online survey using a researcher-made questionnaire

was distributed to 50 women who are pregnant and who recently

gave birth during the pandemic and is a current resident in

Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City.

The results showed that the respondents use emotional

relationship factors at all times when engaging in sexual activities

with their partners. However, the same respondents expressed

those psychosocial factors are only generally sometimes being

considered when engaging in sexual relationship with their

iii
partners. Additionally, a positive correlation between the two

variables, the emotional relationship and psychosocial factors. This

suggests that persons who are more emotionally involved in sexual

activity consider psychosocial factors as well. On this basis, the

concept of family planning should be taken into account when

engaging sexual relationship with their partners.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their special thanks

and gratitude to everyone who have contributed this far and to

light their pathway to success in fulfilling this study.

First and foremost, the researchers would love to praise and

give thanks to our Almighty Father for providing full strength and

courage to pursue in conducting this study and for giving such a

wonderful blessing despite of challenges.

To Mr. Rogelio B. Yu Jr. RN, MAN LPT and Ms. Christie

Cellacay, RN, MAN, nursing research mentors, who provided

guidance and encouragement in conducting the research study.

To Ms. Jessel C. Seboa, research adviser, who provided

time and shared knowledge and as well as ideas that contributed to

the overall outcome of the study.

To Mr. Joel B. Serad, RN, MAN, DM, research statistician,

who provided the accurate data and statistics for the findings of

the research study.

v
 To the respondents, who were willing to participate and

take part in sharing their personal thoughts and ideas during the

data gathering of the research study.

To the family and loved ones of the researchers, for

giving them never-ending support and love they call for, because

without them, this study would not be achievable.

The Researchers

vi
 DEDICATION

First, we the researchers dedicate this study to our one and

only Almighty Father, who’s our strength and our savior that never

miss to guide us in our journey while surpassing all the ups and

downs during the making of this study.

We also dedicate this study to all the Filipino healthcare

workers and to the Department of Health for the advocation and

promotion of the Republic Act 10354, also known as The

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012.

This study is also dedicated to our supportive parents who

gave us hope and encouragement for us to fulfil the main goal of

our study. And, to our friends and classmates, who serve as our

inspiration while conducting the overall study.

Moreover, we would like to dedicate this study especially to

the faculty of Southwestern University PHINMA – College of

Nursing, for we hope that this study would serve as productive

contribution not only to the institution but also to the whole

society.

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement v
Dedication vii
Table of Contents viii

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE PAGE

Introduction

Rationale of the Study 1

Theoretical Background 5

Statement of the Problem 9

Statement of Null Hypothesis 10

Significance of the Study 11

Review of Related Literature and Studies 13

Research Methodology

Research Design 19

Research Environment 20

Research Instruments 21

Research Respondents 22

Sampling Design 22

Research Procedure 23

Ethical Considerations 24

Treatment of Data 25

viii
 Definition of Terms 27

CHAPTER II RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Profile of the Respondents 29

Extent of Emotional Relationship Leading 30

to Pregnancy

Extent of Psychosocial Factors Leading to Pregnancy 31

Correlation of Profile and Extent of Emotional 32

Relationship leading to Pregnancy

Correlation of Profile and Extent of Psychosocial 33

Factors leading to Pregnancy

Correlation of Extent of Emotional Relationship and 34

Extent of Psychosocial Factors leading to Pregnancy

CHAPTER III SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,

CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings 35

Conclusion 36

Recommendation 36

REFERENCES 39

APPENDICES 41

CURRICULUM VITAE 93
ix
x
 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Since the end of 2019, humanity has been dealing with a

new type of virus, SARS-COV-2, which has had a significant impact

on everyone's lives. The COVID-19 pandemic started in late 2019

and quickly spread across the world, affecting the entire global

population, being first documented in China. On March 11 2020,

the entire world was alarmed due to the declaration of coronavirus

disease 2019 (COVID 19) as global pandemic by the World Health

Organization (WHO). It became a worldwide health emergency and

threat for most of the countries, including the Philippines. As a

precaution, the government implemented lockdowns to contain the

growing number of cases in the country.

In view of the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has become

a part of everyday life, researchers have begun to investigate how

people's lives are affected by the virus. In domestic COVID-19

isolation, couples are less distracted, have more time for each

other, and can indulge in love making more often during the day,

which—planned or unplanned—will inevitably lead to a “coronavirus

baby boom” in nine months. An Italian online survey with a self-

selection sample of 1486 women and men of fertile age in stable

heterosexual relationships (Micelli et al., 2020) revealed both a

pandemic-related increase in the desire of parenthood (e.g., due to

need for positivity). In addition, Turkish study with a sample of 58

married women of fertile age (Yuksel & Ozgor, 2020) showed that

during the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of sexual

intercourse in marriage increased significantly (from an average of

1.9 times to 2.4 times per week) compared to 6–12 months before.

With that being said, the researchers are interested on what

specific sexual motivation factors contribute to this phenomenon.

Pregnancy is due to sexual behavior or activity. This behavior

involves motivational processes. Sexual Motivation, or sexual

desire, is the normal human interest in sexual objects and

activities. This drive, referred to by Sigmund Freud as libido, is an

aspect of an individual's sexuality and varies considerably between

individuals and under various circumstances. Sexual motivation can

be stimulated by both internal and external factors and relies

heavily on imagination and visual stimulation. Humans don't simply

give in to an internal push towards sexual behavior. Instead,

2
human motivation to engage in sexual behavior is due to a

complex relationship among several factors.

Emotions can play an important role in how we think and

behave. For that reason, emotional relationship factor is considered

as one of the important sexual motivating factors. It involves

personal feelings and attachment towards your partner or your

romantic relationship that leads to sexual activity. This factor tends

to take certain actions in order to experience positive emotions and

minimize the probability of feeling negative emotions. A person

might seek out sexual activities that provide them with a sense of

happiness, contentment, and excitement. On the other hand, a

person would also probably avoid situations that might potentially

lead to boredom, sadness, or anxiety.

Psychosocial factor is another important sexual motivation.

Psychosocial motivation explains motives resulting mainly from the

interaction of the individual with his social environment. Examples

of psychosocial motives are need for affiliation, need for

achievement, curiosity and exploration, and the need for power.

Social groups such as family, neighborhood, friends, and relatives

do contribute a lot in acquiring psychosocial motives. This focuses

3
on psychological and social factors; the motive of an individual to

achieve success and the motive of an individual to avoid failure.

Cebu City has a total of 80 barangays and is divided into two

legislative districts. Barangay Guadalupe has a total land area of

350 hectares and it is divided into 84 sitios. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 67,224. Today, the barangay

still remains as the most populated area representing 6.64% of the

total population of Cebu City (PhilAtlas, 2016). It is one of the

barangays with a large number of COVID-19 cases since the start

of the lockdown in Cebu City, making the city government to have

a quarantine control regularly.

Through this study, the researchers aim to determine the

emotional relationship and psychosocial factors leading to

pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in Barangay Guadalupe

Cebu city. Being the most populated barangay in Cebu city, the

researchers chose Guadalupe as the suitable environment for the

study.

4
Theoretical Background

The research study is anchored on the following theories that

can aid in analyzing and understanding the topic better.

Specifically, these theories explain the existence of emotional

relationship and psychosocial factors as sexual motivation leading

to pregnancy.

Self-Determination Theory is a theory of motivation that aims

to explain individuals’ goal-directed behavior (Deci & Ryan 1985;

Ryan & Deci 2000). SDT links personality, human motivation, and

optimal functioning. It posits that there are two main types of

motivation—intrinsic and extrinsic—and that both are powerful

forces in shaping who we are and how we behave (Deci & Ryan,

2008). According to Deci and Ryan, extrinsic motivation is a drive

to behave in certain ways based on external sources and it results

in external rewards (1985). On the other hand, intrinsic motivation

comes from within. There are internal drives that inspire us to

behave in certain ways, including our core values, our interests,

and our personal sense of morality.

5
 In Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985) we

distinguish between different types of motivation based on the

different reasons or goals that give rise to an action. The most

basic distinction is between intrinsic motivation, which refers to

doing something because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable,

and extrinsic motivation, which refers to doing something because

it leads to a separable outcome. SDT has two sub-theories of

motivation namely, Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation theory.

Intrinsic motivation theory refers to the stimulation that

drives adopting or changing behavior for personal satisfaction or

fulfillment. Such motivation drives an individual to perform an

activity for internal reasons that are personally satisfying. Intrinsic

motivation is derived from a direct relationship between the person

and the situation, or from intangible factors. Intrinsically motivated

behaviors are performed because of the sense of personal

satisfaction that they bring. In here, an individual is motivated to

perform an activity for its own sake and personal satisfaction.

In this study, intrinsic motivation theory is applied on the

emotional relationship factor of sexual motivation. This sexual

motivation is considered intrinsic in the sense when an individual is

6
intrinsically motivated to engage in sex because the activity itself is

pleasurable (personal intrinsic motivation) or because they enjoy

feeling close to a partner (relational intrinsic motivation). This

concept signifies emotion as related to motivation in such a way

that human beings tend to execute things that we hope would lead

to happiness, satisfaction and any other positive emotion at some

degree.

Extrinsic motivation theory is defined as a motivation to

perform an activity based on meeting an external goal such as

garnering praise and approval. It is the desire to do something

because of the rewards and reinforcements it brings. Extrinsically

motivated behaviors are performed in order to receive something

from others or avoid certain negative outcomes. Extrinsic

motivation comes from influences outside of the individual.

Extrinsically motivated behaviors are performed in order to receive

something from others.

In this study, extrinsic motivation theory is applied on the

psychosocial factor of sexual motivation. This sexual motivation is

considered extrinsic in the sense when an individual is engaging in

sex due to external influences such as social norms, reputation and

7
expectations from other people. This concept signifies psychosocial

factors to produce motivation for affiliation and self-actualization

motives.

A “reasoned action” theory, which states that individuals

perceive the severity of an expected outcome. This perception then

helps guide the individual’s behavior according to Fishbein and

Ajzen (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975; Ajzen & Fishbein 1980). A behavior,

therefore, is the product of an intended action, and the intended

action is guided by an individual’s attitudes toward the behavior

(Ajzen & Fishbein 1980).

In this study, reasoned action theory is applied on the idea of

sexual motivation as the only reason for women to engage in

sexual activity leading to pregnancy. In addition, there are a lot of

specific sexual motivations that depend on each person. Emotional

Relationship and Psychosocial Factors are part of sexual

motivation.

Taken in conjunction, these theories suggest that there are

factors to consider when a person engage in sexual activity.

Specifically, sexual motivations (Emotional relationship and

8
Psychosocial factors) are important things to consider since it plays

a big in the occurrence of pregnancy.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the emotional relationship and

psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy in Barangay Guadalupe,

Cebu City during COVID-19 pandemic. It specifically seeks to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender;

1.3 civil status;

1.4 educational attainment; and

1.5 income

2. What is the extent of emotional relationship leading to

pregnancy?

3. What is the extent of psychosocial factors leading to

pregnancy?

9
4. Is there a significant relationship between the following:

4.1 Profile and extent of emotional relationship

4.2 Profile and extent of psychosocial factors

4.3 Extent of emotional relationship and extent of

psychosocial factors

5. What action plan can be proposed based on the findings of

the study?

Statement of Null Hypothesis

Ho1: There is no significant relationship between the following:

* Profile and extent of emotional relationship

* Profile and extent of psychosocial factors

* Extent of emotional relationship and extent of psychosocial

factors

10
Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to lead a better understanding as

to why this research is beneficial to the following:

Pregnant Women. This study examines the relationships among

women's pregnancy-related health beliefs, compliance with

prenatal health guidelines, and perinatal outcomes.

Couples. This study encourages couples to increase their

awareness for family planning. It has also given more weight on

what has been ignored over time and in the process is expected to

catch the attention of those concerned.

Barangay Health Workers. The results of this study provide

some insights and information on how they can spread awareness

of increased of population of pregnancy including the health and

economic status.

11
Barangay Officials. The result of this study serve as reference or

guide how pregnancy impact in population that affects the health

and economic status.

Policy Makers (DOH). This study provides information to the

Department of Health in the Philippines to improve intervention to

the pregnant woman.

Student Nurses. This study serves as a guide and reference for

the nursing students undertaking the same studies. Data gathered

also help the students improve both academic and clinical

performance. This study also fosters new ways of enhancing

knowledge, skills, and attitude, thus preparing globally competitive

nurses in the future.

Researchers. The results of this study help us provide insights

and information about the factors affecting increase pregnancy

during the pandemic.

Future Researchers. This study serves as a guide for future

researchers if they conduct a study related to maternal health and

pregnancy.

12
Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter includes the ideas, background information,

thesis generalization and conclusions regarding with the topic of

the study. Those that were included in this chapter helps in

familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the

present study.

A satisfying romantic relationship is important for both

partners’ quality of life and health status (Hinchliff & Gott,

2004; Hook, Gerstein, Detterich, & Gridley, 2003; Impett, Finkel,

Strachman, & Gable, 2008). Major contributions to relationship

quality are made by the couple’s emotional intimacy, as it helps to

buffer daily stress and thus enhances partners’ well-being and

adjustment (Levine, 1991; Prager, 1997; Yoo, Bartle-Haring, Day,

& Gangamma, 2014), as well as their satisfaction with their sexual

relationship (Hinchliff & Gott, 2004; Impett et al., 2008; Impett,

13
Muise, & Peragine, 2014; Klusmann, 2002; Yoo et al., 2014).

Intimacy is hypothesized to serve both as a trigger for sexual

desire and as a reward resulting from the experience of sexual

arousal and—in particular—of orgasm (Basson, 2000). 

The intimacy–sex link in long-term couples is also theorized

within the field of sexology to be expressed differently in women

and men (Basson, 2000; Schnarch, 1997). According to these

models, women’s sexual desire is more likely to emerge once they

feel emotionally intimate with their partner, whereas among men,

intimacy and sexual desire have a weaker connection and sexual

desire is more biologically driven (Basson, 2000, p. 54). In ongoing

romantic relationships of longer duration, spontaneous and

proactive sexual desire are considered to be more characteristic of

male than of female partners (Basson, 2000; Štulhofer,

Carvalheira, & Træen, 2013). 

Building on the theoretical work of Sternberg

(1986) and Carver and Scheier (1990), Baumeister and

Bratslavsky (1999) suggested that intimacy as such is not

sufficient for inducing passion and sexual desire; instead, only

abrupt rises in intimacy, such as when partners make up after a

14
conflict, would allow sexual desire to arise. Thus, passionate love

cannot persist during stable levels of emotional intimacy, however

high they may be. Although the authors clearly distinguish

passionate love from sexual desire, they further consider sexual

desire and sexual behavior to both serve as “crude measures of

passionate love, particularly when the data pertain to ongoing

romantic relationships” (Baumeister & Bratslavsky, 1999, p. 52).

Several empirical investigations have attempted to assess

motives for sexual behavior. However, many have utilized

disparate theories on sexuality and human behavior. Generally,

measures have focused on either predominately intrapersonal

factors as motives (i.e., disposition, emotion) or social and

situational factors as motives (i.e., fear of coercion, beliefs about

sexual norms). A feminist approach assumes that sexual behavior

is embedded in a gendered social context, making theories that

attempt to understand sexuality independent of this context

incomplete (Tolman, 2006).

Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental studies

provided empirical support for the hypothesis that experiencing

emotional intimacy plays a major role in maintaining sexual desire

15
and partnered sexual activity in relationships of longer duration

(Birnbaum, Cohen, & Wertheimer, 2007; Bodenmann, Pihet, &

Kayser, 2006; Klusmann, 2002; Stephenson & Meston, 2010).

In a prospective daily diary study, female as well as male

partners’ perceived intimacy was associated with higher odds that

partnered sexual activity occurred (Dewitte, van Lankveld,

Vandenberghe, & Loeys, 2015). However, the connections between

intimacy, sexual desire, and sexual interaction have thus far not

been investigated extensively. Sexual desire was found to mediate

the link between intimacy as an approach goal and sexual

satisfaction (Muise, Impett, & Desmarais, 2013), but whether

sexual desire also mediates the association of intimacy and sexual

contact between partners is unclear.

Birnbaum and colleagues conducted a series of experimental

studies and found that sexual desire increased when the partner

was perceived as or was actually exhibiting higher emotional

responsiveness, which is considered a building block of couple

intimacy (Birnbaum et al., 2016). This effect was found stronger in

women than in men.

16
 The Sex Motives Scale (SMS; Cooper et al., 1998) was

created to assess motives for sex based on functional and

interdependence theories. According to this framework, the authors

anticipated that motives for sex would fall into 4 dimensions: self-

appetitive, self-aversive, other-appetitive, and other-aversive.

The Affective and Motivational Orientation Related to Erotic

Arousal Questionnaire (AMORE; Hill & Preston, 1996) was

developed to assess the role of 8 potential motives of sexual

behavior intended to reflect individual’s motivation to obtain

positive outcomes based on situational factors common to sexual

scenarios (feeling valued by one’s partner, showing value for one’s

partner, obtaining relief from stress, providing nurturance to one’s

partner, enhancing 7 feelings of personal power, experiencing the

power of one’s partner, experiencing pleasure, and procreating).

The Sexual Wantedness Questionnaire (Peterson &

Muehlenhard, 2007) was designed to assess women’s reasons for

wanting and not wanting to consent to sex. The authors described

obtaining items from previously published research on reasons for

having sex which reflected the themes of sexual arousal, values,

17
situational characteristics, social status, fear of pregnancy and

STDs, and relationship concerns.

In sum, a large body of research has attempted to assess

individual’s motives for sexual behavior. Arguably, the SMS is the

most firmly grounded in larger theoretical work on general motives

for human behavior, in addition to being the most stringently

tested. Simultaneously, the SMS did not systematically incorporate

social factors which may impact sexual behavior or discriminate

between consensual and nonconsensual experiences. Meanwhile,

several other measure development studies produced subscales

that appear to reflect the functional and interdependence theories

which informed the SMS, supporting the importance in these 11

dispositional constructs in understanding sexual motivation.

Simultaneously, many of these measures also combine motives for

non-consensual and consensual behavior or focus specifically on

unwanted encounters. Thus, it is unclear whether the motives

identified by these studies generalize to consensual decision

making.

18
 METHODOLOGY

Design

The research design that was used in this study is

Quantitative – Descriptive Correlational Design. Descriptive

research is the collection of data describing some phenomenon that

is may or may not be quantifiable such as close-ended scales,

open-ended survey questions, observation, and interviews. The

purpose of the research is to evaluate or measure the results

against some known or hypothesized standards (Robin Hubbard,

PhD).

19
 The method that was used is survey method. Survey

research is a quantitative approach that features the use of self-

report measures on carefully selected samples. The primary tool

that was used for collecting the data of this study is a researcher –

made questionnaire that determined the emotional relationship and

psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy in Barangay Guadalupe.

The gathered data were tallied, tabulated, presented and

interpreted.

Environment

This study was conducted at Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City,

6000. Guadalupe is a barangay in Cebu City. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 67,224. This represented

6.64% of the total population of Cebu City.

Guadalupe has a barangay health and birthing center located

at V Rama Avenue, Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City. There are 2

doctors, 5 midwives, 3 registered nurses, and a councilor available.

This facility provides reproductive health care programs such as:

20
Family Planning Services (counseling and information); Prenatal,

postnatal and delivery care; Nutrition and health care for infants

and children; Treatment for reproductive tract infections & STDs;

Adolescent reproductive health; Services to victim/survivors of

Violence Against Women; Management of abortion-related

complications; Management and treatment of reproductive

cancers; Prevention and appropriate treatment for infertility; and

IEC on human sexuality, reproductive health, responsible

parenthood.

Specifically, due to the pandemic, the survey was held on

online platforms such as Facebook, Messenger and Google Forms.

Instruments

A researcher – made tool was used in gathering data.

Researcher-made questionnaire refers to the instrument to be used

in a research prepared or crafted by the researchers. The tool was

tested prior to the data collection. Pilot testing or pre-testing is a

strategy used to test the questionnaire using a smaller sample

compared to the planned sample size to identify questions that

don't make sense to the respondents.

21
 Part I of the research instrument includes the demographic

profile of the respondents, specifically, the respondent

identification, age group, civil status, educational attainment, and

income. The respondents selected which category they belong.

Part II of the research instrument is considered a researcher

– made questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 10 questions

that are related to the emotional relationship factors leading to

pregnancy of the respondents.

Part III of the research instrument is also considered a

researcher – made questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 10

questions that related to the psychosocial factors leading to

pregnancy of the respondents.

The scale that was used is Likert Scale. A Likert Scale is a

type of rating scale used to measure attitudes or opinions. With

this scale, respondents are asked to rate items on a level of

agreement. The choices of the respondents will be Strongly Agree

(SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). These

will determine the emotional relationship and psychosocial factors

leading to pregnancy of the respondents.

Respondents

22
 The respondents of the study include 50 women who got

pregnant from year 2020 to present. The researchers will ensure

that the respondents should qualify the following: 1) That the

respondents should be a resident of the said barangay, 2) That the

respondents are of legal age (18 years old and above), 3) And that

the respondents should either be pregnant, or they recently gave

birth during pandemic.

Sampling Design

The sampling technique that was used in the study is

Consecutive / Convenience Sampling Design. Consecutive sampling

is defined as a non-probability sampling technique where samples

are picked at the ease of a researcher more like convenience

sampling. Every respondent meeting the criteria of inclusion is

selected until the required sample size is achieved.

Procedure

First, the researchers submitted a transmittal letter to the

Dean of the College of Nursing for the approval of the study. Prior

to the data collection, the researchers also submitted a transmittal

to the Barangay Captain for the permission to conduct the study. A

23
transmittal letter and consent form will also be provided to the

respondents. Also, the researcher – made tool was pre-tested.

Due to the pandemic, the survey or the gathering of data

was conducted on online (Facebook, Messenger) platforms.

Specifically, the data were gathered through researcher – made

questionnaire that was encoded in Google Forms. The respondents

were contacted from their social media accounts or any contact

information from the barangay. Then, the researchers sent the link

of the survey to the respondents.

Lastly, after gathering data, the researchers tallied and

presented the raw data of the study to the research statistician for

the findings of the survey.

All information taken from the study were coded to protect

each respondent’s name. No names or other identifying information

were used during discussing or reporting data. The investigator(s)

safely kept all files and data collected in a secured locked cabinet in

the principal investigators office and/or encrypted (restricted)

Google drive. Once the data and results have been fully analyzed,

it will be destroyed, and all electronic files will be erased.

Ethical Considerations

24
 As we develop our data collection techniques, we need to

consider whether our research procedures are likely to cause any

physical or emotional harm. Harm may be caused, for instance, by:

 Violating informant’s rights to privacy by posing sensitive

questions or by gaining access to records which may contain

personal data;

 Observing the behavior of informants without their being aware

(concealed observation should therefore always be crosschecked or

discussed with other researchers with respect to ethical

admissibility);

 Allowing personal information to be made public which

informants would want to be kept private, and

 Failing to observe / respect certain cultural values, traditions or

taboos valued by your informants.

All respondents received a consent form. The researchers

informed the respondents about the purpose of the research, why

they were chosen, all potential risks and benefits and that they

could refuse to participate or could withdraw from the study at any

25
point in time. The respondents’ anonymity was assured since the

study contains very sensitive information.

Treatment of Data

This study will be utilizing the following statistical measures

to analyze the data which will answer the problems of the study.

 Frequency and Percentage – These were used to establish the

status of the profiled variables of the respondents. These were
specifically used on the analysis of Part I – Demographic Profile
of the Respondents.
 Mean and Standard Deviation – These were used to
determine the perceptions of the respondents in relation to the
enumerated variables of the study (Extent of Emotional
relationship and Psychosocial factors). These were specifically
used in Part II and III of the study.

• Eta statistics and p-value – These were used to measure the

degree of association between the two variables, the
independent variable X (profile of the respondents) and the
dependent variable Y (Emotional relationship and Psychosocial
factors); and also, between Emotional relationship and
Psychosocial factors.

26
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined according to their use throughout

the study:

Emotional Relationship Factor is a sexual motive that involves

personal feelings and attachment towards your partner or your

27
romantic relationship that leads to sexual activity. This factor tends

to take certain actions in order to experience positive emotions and

minimize the probability of feeling negative emotions.

Psychosocial Factor is a sexual motive that explains motives

resulting mainly from the interaction of the individual with his

social environment. This includes need for affiliation, need for

achievement, curiosity and exploration, and the need for power

and improved reputation.

Pregnancy is due to sexual behavior or activity, which is

influenced by sexual motivating factors such as emotional

relationship and psychosocial factors.

Covid 19 Pandemic was declared by the World Health

Organization (WHO) as a worldwide health emergency, which made

most of the countries impose strict lockdown measures and

community quarantines.

Action Plan is a detailed plan that outlines the specific actions for

the goal of the study, which is to spread awareness about

emotional relationship and psychosocial factors leading to

pregnancy; reproductive health concerns.

28
 CHAPTER II
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data in tabular forms processed

through SPSS statistical tool then analyzed and interpreted by the

researchers. The discussions are then supported with relevant

literatures and studies to gain support to the claims.

Profile of the Respondents

Table 1 presents the profile of the respondents according to

their age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, and

estimated income. Frequency and percentage were used for

analysis.

Table 1. Profile of the Respondents

Profile Frequency Percentage
Age
18-29 yo 33 66.0
30-40 yo 14 28.0
41 yo & Above 3 6.0
Civil Status
Single 18 36.0
Open Rs 4 8.0
Exclusive Rs 4 8.0
Engaged 3 6.0
Married 19 38.0
Widowed 1 2.0
Separated 1 2.0
Educational Attainment
Elementary 0 0
 High School 12 24.0
Tech-Voc 4 8.0
College 34 68.0
Estimated Income
No income 15 30.0
1-1,000 4 8.0
2,001-4,000 1 2.0
4,001-6,000 7 14.0
6,001-8,000 3 6.0
8,001-10,000 0 0
10,001-12,000 2 4.0
12,001-14,000 3 6.0
14,001-16,000 1 2.0
16,001-18,000 2 4.0
18,001-20,000 3 6.0
20,001-40,000 8 16.0
40,001-Above 1 2.0

n=50

Extent of Emotional Relationship leading to Pregnancy

Table 2 presents the extent of emotional relationship leading

to pregnancy among the respondents. Mean and standard

deviations were used in analyzing the data.

Table 2. Extent of Emotional Relationship leading to Pregnancy

Indicator Mean SD Interpretation

1. I wanted to express love for
3.52 .64 At all times
my partner.
2. I wanted to show my sincerity
3.54 .73 At all times
in our relationship.
3. I wanted to make an
emotional connection with my 3.34 .68 At all times
partner.
4. I wanted to strengthen my
3.58 .67 At all times
relationship with my partner.

30
5. I wanted to build trust with
3.58 .67 At all times
my partner.
6. I wanted to boost or improve
3.34 .68 At all times
mood.
7. I wanted to express gratitude
3.48 .67 At all times
for my partner.
8. I wanted to have commitment
3.50 .73 At all times
and assurance with my partner.
9. I wanted to be relieved from
3.52 .67 At all times
stress and tension.
10. I wanted to give comfort to
3.60 .63 At all times
my partner.
Factor Mean 3.50 .59 At all times

n=50

Legend:
1.00-1.75 Never;
1.76-2.50 Seldom;
2.51-3.25 Sometimes;
3.26-4.00 At all times

Extent of Psychosocial Factors leading to Pregnancy

Table 3 presents the extent of psychosocial factors leading to

pregnancy among the respondents. Mean and standard deviations

were used in analyzing the data.

Table 3. Extent of Psychosocial Factors leading to

Pregnancy

Indicator Mean SD Interpretation

1. I am pressured because my
family wanted me to have kids 1.84 .73 Seldom
already.
2. I am financially prepared to
2.72 .80 Sometimes
be pregnant and raise kids.

31
3. I wanted to have interesting
topic to talk about with my 2.70 .90 Sometimes
friends
4. I wanted to improve my self-
2.52 .93 Sometimes
image to other people.
5. My partner wanted to start a
3.20 .78 Sometimes
family.
6. I wanted to prove to other
people that I have a good 2.88 .96 Sometimes
relationship with my partner.
7. I am in proper age to have
3.24 .84 At all times
kids.
8. I am married; therefore, I
2.68 1.05 Sometimes
want to have kids.
9. I have enough knowledge and
2.98 .71 Sometimes
experience to be a mother.
10. I envy my peers because
they have kids already, and I 1.86 .67 Seldom
don’t.
Factor Mean 2.66 .45 Sometimes

n=50

Legend:
1.00-1.75 Never;
1.76-2.50 Seldom;
2.51-3.25 Sometimes;
3.26-4.00 At all times

Correlation of Profile and Extent of Emotional Relationship

leading to Pregnancy

Table 4 presents the relationship between the profile of the

respondents and their extent of emotional relationship leading to

pregnancy. Eta statistics and p-value were used in analyzing the

data.

32
 Table 4. Correlation of Profile and Extent of Emotional Relationship

Extent of Emotional Relationship

Profile Eta p-value Decision Interpretation
Failed to
Age .291 .125 Not significant
reject Ho
Failed to
Sex .228 .111 Not significant
reject Ho
Failed to
Civil Status .423 .181 Not significant
reject Ho
Educational Failed to
.208 .355 Not significant
Attainment reject Ho
Monthly Failed to
.482 .429 Not significant
Income reject Ho
Note: Profile (IV); Extent of Emotional Relationship (DV); significant at p-value <0.05

Correlation of Profile and Extent of Psychosocial Factors

leading to Pregnancy

Table 5 presents the relationship between the profile of the

respondents and their extent of psychosocial factors leading to

pregnancy. Eta statistics and p-value were used in analyzing the

data.

Table 5. Correlation of Profile and Extent of Psychosocial Factors

Extent of Psychosocial Factors

Profile Eta p-value Decision Interpretation
Age .357 .040 Reject Ho Significant
Sex Failed to
.027 .852 Not significant
reject Ho
Civil Status Failed to
.459 .101 Not significant
reject Ho

33
 Educational Failed to
.152 .579 Not significant
Attainment reject Ho
Monthly Failed to
.503 .340 Not significant
Income reject Ho
Note: Profile (IV); Extent of Psychosocial Factors (DV); significant at p-value <0.05

Correlation of Extent of Emotional Relationship and Extent

of Psychosocial Factors leading to Pregnancy

Table 6 presents the relationship between the extent of

emotional relationship and extent of psychosocial factors leading to

Pregnancy. Pearson-r and p-value were used in analyzing the data.

Table 6. Correlation of Extent of Emotional Relationship and

Extent of Psychosocial Factors leading to Pregnancy
Extent of Psychosocial Factors
r p-value Decision Interpretation
Extent of
Emotional .406 .003 Reject Ho Significant
Relationship
Note: Either of the two variables can be interchanged as independent and dependent
variables; significant at p-value <0.05

34
35
 CHAPTER III
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the synthesis of the study results as

well as the conclusion and recommendations of the study.

Summary of Findings

The findings revealed that in terms of profile, majority are in

the early adult stage. Being single and married shared almost

equal number of respondents. As regards their educational

attainment, majority are in their college level and as far as income

is concerned, the concentration is in no income to those having

below 8,000.00 monthly generation.

As regards their extent of emotional relationship leading to

pregnancy, the respondents shared that they use emotional

relationship factors at all times when engaging in sexual activities

with their partners. However, the same respondents expressed

those psychosocial factors are only generally sometimes being

considered when engaging in sexual relationship with their

partners.

The profile of the respondents did not have any bearing or

influence on their extent of emotional relationship leading to

pregnancy but for psychosocial factors, age play an influence in the

correlation and therefore impinge the said variable. The two

variables of emotional relationship and psychosocial factors

positively correlated with each other.

Conclusion

Extent of emotional relationship leading to pregnancy is not

influenced by age, sex, civil status, education, and income. But of

the five demographic variables, age positively influences

psychosocial factors. This means that as age goes up, considering

psychosocial factors in sexual relationships already matter.

Meanwhile, the extent of psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy

is positively influenced by the extent of emotional relationship. This

means people who are more emotionally engrossed when engaging

in sexual activity also considers psychosocial factors along the

process.

Recommendations

The study aims to determine the emotional relationship and

psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy in Barangay Guadalupe,

Cebu City during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the data

gathering by means of an online survey, the following

recommendations are suggested to increase the accuracy of the

results:

36
1. Status. To add and specify factors that influence or lead to the

pregnancy of the respondents during the pandemic.

2. Instruments. The used survey for further studies will be using

thematic coding to determine the leading factors of pregnancies of

the respondents. For the researchers able to identify the

respondent’s relation of the study from the begging of prenatal

development to postpartum. A well-structured interview could

reveal new insights and information regarding the factors that

contribute to pregnancy during a pandemic.

3. Respondents. Larger sample size is recommended to give a

more reliable result with greater precision. The environment should

be vast because the pandemic did not only affect one setting. The

study is limited to the factors identified, and it is suggested that

similar research be conducted, as well as a study that is relevant to

current trends and events and a more thorough approach.

4. Results. It is strongly suggested to let the respondents know

their interpretation of emotional relationships and psychosocial

factors leading to pregnancy educate them on the importance of

maternal health, good partner relationships, and awareness of

family planning.

37
5. Nurses. They may use this research to know the fitting

intervention, improve maternal health education, and giving

effective communication for mothers who are pregnant.

6. Department of Health. The researchers recommend the DOH

secretary conduct further research about maternal health in a

wider and larger set of respondents to measure the preceding

factors. They may conduct a seminar or webinar for mothers and

couples in order to educate them on the importance of family

planning and support in terms of emotional and psychosocial

factors.

38
 REFERENCES

Ackerman, C.E. (2021) Self-Determination Theory of Motivation:

Why Intrinsic Motivation Matters. Positive Psychology.
Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://positivepsychology.com/self-determination-theory/#:~
:text=It%20posits%20that%20there%20are,in%20the
%201970s%20and%201980s.
Chapter 8 – Sexual Motivation, Arousal, and Attraction. (2007)
Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/17
425_Chapter_8.pdf
Chapter 9 – Emotion and Motivation. Retrieved on April 16, 2021
from: https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/kepy109.pdf
Cherry, K. (2019) Intrinsic Motivation: How Your Behavior Is
Driven by Internal Rewards. Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-intrinsic-motivation-
2795385
Cherry, K. (2020) The Purpose of Our Emotions: How Our Feelings
Help Us Survive and Thrive. Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-purpose-of-emotions-
2795181
Cherry, K. (2021) What Is Extrinsic Motivation? Retrieved on
April16, 2021 from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-
extrinsic-motivation-2795164
Doring, N. (2020) How Is the COVID-19 Pandemic Affecting Our
Sexualities? An Overview of the Current Media Narratives and
Research Hypotheses. Arch Sex Behav.

39
 Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7405790/
Hofferth, S. (1987) Chapter 1, Factors Affecting Initiation of Sexual
Intercourse. National Research Council (US) Panel on
Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing. Retrieved on April 6,
2021 from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK219217/
Johnson, K. M. (1997) Human Sexual Motivation. California State
University, Northridge. Retrieved on March 23, 2021 from:
https://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/students/sexmotiv.htm
McCall, K. et al., (2006) Cues Resulting in Desire for Sexual
Activity in Women. J Sex Med. Retrieved on April 16, 2021
from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861288/

Self-Determination Theory: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

(2020) Sportlyzer Academy. Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://academy.sportlyzer.com/wiki/motivation/self-
determination-theory-intrinsic-and-extrinsic-motivation/
Sexual Drive (2021). SparkNotes LLC. Retrieved on April 16, 2021
from:
https://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/motivation
/section3/page/2/
Sexual Motivation. (n.d.). In Alleydog.com's online glossary.
Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition-cit.php?
term=Sexual+Motivation
Smid, W. J., & Wever, E. C. (2017). Incentive theory of sexual
motivation: A framework for the description of sexual
offending behaviour and the role of sexual deviance. In D. P.
Boer, A. R. Beech, T. Ward, L. A. Craig, M. Rettenberger, L. E.
Marshall, & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The Wiley handbook on the
theories, assessment, and treatment of sexual offending (p.
141–164). Wiley Blackwell. Retrieved on April 16, 2021 from:
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-52259-007
Tirone, V. (2014) Assessing Motives for Consensual Sex:
Development of the Sexual Motives Questionnaire. Knoxville,

40
 Tennessee: PhD diss., University of Tennessee. Retrieved on
March 29, 2021 from:
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3205
Van Lankveld, J., Jacobs, N., Thewissen, V., Dewitte, M., &
Verboon, P. (2018). The associations of intimacy and sexuality
in daily life: Temporal dynamics and gender effects within
romantic relationships. Retrieved on October 27, 2021 from:
https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517743076
APPENDIX A-1

TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO THE DEAN OF COLLEGE OF

NURSING

Michelle B. Yu, RN, DM

Dean, College of Nursing
Southwestern University – PHINMA
Urgello St., Cebu City

Dear Dr. Yu:

Good day!

We, the students of Southwestern University – PHINMA,

College of Nursing Level III Section A1, are submitting herewith
our research entitled “EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO PREGNANCY IN
BARANGAY GUADALUPE CEBU CITY DURING COVID-19
PANDEMIC” to 50 respondents, specifically pregnant women, or
women who gave birth recently during pandemic, residing in
barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City as part of our requirements in
Nursing research 2.

The purpose of this research is to determine emotional

relationship and psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy in
Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City during COVID-19 pandemic. Rest
assured that the gathered information will be held with strict
confidentiality and will only be used for study purposes. We hope
that this request will merit your approval. Thank you.

41
Sincerely,

TRISHA S. UMALI
Leader

Noted by:
ROGELIO YU JR. RN, MAN, LPT
Nursing Research 1 Instructor

42
 APPENDIX A-2
TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

Dear Respondents,

Good day,

We the students of Southwestern University – PHINMA,

College of Nursing Level III, would like to conduct a survey as part
of our research entitled “EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO PREGNANCY IN
BARANGAY GUADALUPE CEBU CITY DURING COVID-19
PANDEMIC”.

The purpose of this research is to determine the emotional

relationship and psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy in
Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City during COVID-19 pandemic.

It would be appreciated if you could convey your views by

answering the following questions below.

Thank you.

Sincerely,

The Researchers

43
 APPENDIX A-3

TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO THE BARANGAY CAPTAIN OF

GUADALUPE, CEBU CITY

Hon. Michael Gacasan

Guadalupe, Cebu Barangay Captain

Dear Sir Gacasan:

Good day!

We, the students of Southwestern University – PHINMA,

College of Nursing Level III Section A1, are submitting herewith
our research entitled “EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO PREGNANCY IN
BARANGAY GUADALUPE CEBU CITY DURING COVID-19
PANDEMIC” to 50 respondents, specifically pregnant women, or
women who gave birth recently during pandemic, residing in
barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City as part of our requirements in
Nursing research 1.

The purpose of this research is to determine the emotional

relationship and psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy in
Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City during COVID-19 pandemic. Rest
assured that the gathered information will be held with strict
confidentiality and will only be used for study purposes. We hope
that this request will merit your approval. Thank you.

Sincerely,

TRISHA S. UMALI
Leader

Noted by:
ROGELIO YU JR. RN, MAN, LPT CELLACAY, CHRISTIE RN, MAN
Nursing Research 1 Instructor Nursing Research 2 Instructor

44
 APPENDIX B-1
INFORMED CONSENT FORM
Informed Consent Form for Respondents who got pregnant from year 2020 to
present during COVID -19 Pandemic of Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City
Niadas, Niceforo Jr. Caraballe Soten, Kathleen Kaye Millan
Noval, Lyn-Je Kirstene Montaus Tabornal, Melanie A.
Obligado, Honey Grace Taldo, Merlie Malinao
Paquibot, Clifford G. Teopiz, Mark Jovan Jr. M.
Ponce, Keth Nicole B. Umali, Trisha S.
Puig, Sunny Mae T. Virgines, April Nicole Ang
Rosales, Rhonnel A. Yap, Roanne Marie Villa
Saranillo, Mary Claire O. Ybañez, Erica
Sayson, Shalea Ashley Arnado
RESEARCHERS

BSN 3-A1
RESEARCH GROUP

Rogelio B. Yu Jr. RN, MAN, LPT Cellacay, Christie RN, MAN

RESEARCH 1 MENTOR RESEARCH 2 MENTOR

EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS LEADING

TO PREGNANCY IN BARANGAY GUADALUPE CEBU CITY
DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
RESEARCH TITLE

45
This Informed Consent Form has two parts:
● Information Sheet (gives you information about the study)
● Certificate of Consent (this is where you sign if you agree to participate)
You will be given a copy of the full Informed Consent Form
PART I: INFORMATION SHEET
Introduction: We are 3rd Year Nursing Students, from Southwestern University
PHINMA. Our aim is to research and identify the emotional relationship and
psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in Barangay
Guadalupe, Cebu city.
We are going to give you information and invite you to be part of a research study.
You can choose whether or not you want to participate. If you are going to
participate in the research, you have to agree with the terms and the protocol of the
study. But if you do not wish to take part in the research, you do not have to.
You may discuss anything in this form with anyone you feel comfortable talking to.
You can decide whether to participate or not after you have talked it over. You do
not have to decide immediately.
There may be some words you do not understand or things that you want us to
explain more about because you are interested or concerned. Please ask us to stop at
any time and I will take time to explain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to lead a better understanding as to why this
research is beneficial to pursue this study to determine the emotional relationship and
psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in Barangay
Guadalupe, Cebu City.
Choice of participants: We are testing 50 women who got pregnant from year 2020
to present, or women who recently gave birth during COVID-19 Pandemic in
Barangay Guadalupe Cebu City. The respondents needed should be 18 years old and
above (legal age) to participate in this study.
Participation is voluntary: You don't have to be in this research if you do not want
to be. We understand if you decide not to be part of this research. Even if you say
"yes" now, you can change your mind later and it is still okay.
Procedures: If you decide that you want to participate, the following things will
happen:

46
 1. I will be participating in the study by answering the survey questionnaire
online through Google Forms for 10 to 15 minutes.
2. The researchers will be around during answering of questionnaires in order to
facilitate and to answer further questions.
3. I understand that the information the researcher needs to gather from me will
only be used for the purpose of this research study.
Risks: There is no probable risk involved in this study. Appropriate provision is
made for monitoring the research to ensure the safety and confidentiality of the
respondents. When vulnerable respondents are involved, appropriate additional
safeguards are included to protect the rights and welfare of these respondents. There
is a potential you'll accidentally divulge some personal or confidential information,
or that you'll be uncomfortable discussing some of the issues. We, on the other hand,
do not want this to happen. You are under no obligation to answer any questions or
participate in the survey if you find it too complicated or personal. It's quite fine if
you don't want to.
Benefits: I will benefit from this study by knowing which of the specific factors
contribute to my pregnancy during the pandemic. People who participate in this
study may have a better understanding of additional treatment methods that enable
individuals to experience and increase their overall sense of well-being.
Reimbursements: It made clear that the respondent will be receiving PHP 50.00
load / GCash money for participating in this research study.
Confidentiality: We will not tell other people that you are in this research and we
would not share information about you to anyone who does not work in the research
study. After the research is over, you will be told of the results.
Information about you that will be collected from the research will be put away and
no one but the researchers will be able to see it. Any information about you will have
your initials (code names) on it instead of your full name. Only the researchers will
know about your code name. It will not be shared with or given to anyone except
Ms. Jessel Caresosa Seboa, our research mentor.
All information taken from the study will be coded to protect each respondent’s
name. No names or other identifying information will be used when discussing or
reporting data. The investigator(s) will safely keep all files and data collected in a
secured locked cabinet in the principal investigators office and/or encrypted
(restricted) Google drive. Once the data and results have been fully analyzed, it will
be destroyed, and all electronic files will be erased.

47
Sharing the Findings: When we are finished with the research; we will tell you
about what we learn. We will also give you the results. Afterwards, we will be telling
more people about the research and what we found. We will do this by writing and
sharing reports to the people who are interested in our study.
Right to Refuse or Withdraw: You do not have to be in this research. No one will
be mad or disappointed with you if you say no. It is your choice. You can think about
it and tell us later if you want. You can say "yes” now and change your mind later
and it will still be okay.
Who to Contact: You can ask us questions now or later. We have provided a
number and email address where you can reach us. If you want to talk to someone
else that you know like your friends, parents, facilitators, that is okay too.
CONTACT INFORMATION
Principal Investigator: Trisha S. Umali
Mobile Number: 09272247433
Email Address: [email protected]
Research Advisor: Ms. Jessel Caresosa Seboa
Mobile Number: 09194379240
Email Address: [email protected]

This study has been reviewed and approved by Southwestern University-PHINMA

Institutional Review Board is a committee whose task is to make sure that research
participants are protected from harm. If you wish to find about more about the IRB:
Contact Southwestern University PHINMA Institutional Review Board
Address: Urgello Street, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
Email Address: [email protected]

If you choose to be part of this research, I will also give you a copy of this form
to keep for yourself. You can ask me any more questions about any part of the
research study, if you wish to. Do you have any questions?
PART 2: CERTIFICATE OF CONSENT
I understand the research is about identifying emotional relationship and
psychosocial factors leading to pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Barangay
Guadalupe, Cebu City. I understand that I will be participating in the study by
answering the survey questionnaire online through Google Forms.

48
I have read this information (or had the information read to me). I have had my
questions answered and know that I can ask questions later if I have them.

I AGREE TO TAKE PART IN THE RESEARCH.

Only if respondent consents:

Print name of respondent: ___________________

Signature of respondent: ____________________
Date: ________________
Day/month/year
Print name of researcher_________________
Signature of researcher___________________
Date__________________
Day/month/year

Print name of researcher_________________

Signature of researcher___________________
Date__________________
Day/month/year
If illiterate:
A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the
participant, not be a parent, and should have no connection to the research team).
Participants who are illiterate should include their thumb print as well.
I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the respondent,
and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the
individual has given consent freely.

49
Print name of witness (not a parent) _________________ AND
Signature of witness ______________________
Date ________________________
Day/month/year
I have accurately read or witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to
the potential respondent, and the individual has had the opportunity to ask
questions. I confirm that the individual has given consent freely.

Print name of researcher_________________

Signature of researcher___________________
Date__________________
Day/month/year

Statement by the researcher/person taking consent

I have accurately read out the information sheet to the potential participant, and to
the best of my ability made sure that the respondent understands that the following
will be done:
1. I will be participating in the study by answering the survey questionnaire
online through Google Forms for 10 to 15 minutes.
2. I understand that the information the researcher needs to gather from me will
only be used for the purpose of this research study.
I confirm that the respondent was given an opportunity to ask questions about the
study, and all the questions asked by him/her have been answered correctly and to
the best of my ability. I confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving
consent, and the consent has been given freely and voluntarily.

A copy of this consent form has been provided to the respondent.

Print Name of Researcher/person taking the consent ________________

Signature of Researcher /person taking the consent _________________

50
Date ___________________________
Day/month/year

Copy provided to the participant ________ (initialed by researcher/assistant)

APPENDIX B-2
IMPORMAT NGA PORMA SA CONSENT
Ang Nahibal-an nga Porma sa Pag-uyon alang sa mga Nagresponden nga
nagmabdos gikan sa tuig 2020 hangtod karon atol sa COVID -19 Pandemya sa
Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City
Niadas, Niceforo Jr. Caraballe Soten, Kathleen Kaye Millan
Noval, Lyn-Je Kirstene Montaus Tabornal, Melanie A.
Obligado, Honey Grace Taldo, Merlie Malinao
Paquibot, Clifford G. Teopiz, Mark Jovan Jr. M.
Ponce, Keth Nicole B. Umali, Trisha S.
Puig, Sunny Mae T. Virgines, April Nicole Ang
Rosales, Rhonnel A. Yap, Roanne Marie Villa

51
Saranillo, Mary Claire O. Ybañez, Erica
Sayson, Shalea Ashley Arnado
TIGDUKIDUKI

BSN 3-A1
GROUP SA PANANUNSAY

Rogelio B. Yu Jr. RN, MAN, LPT Cellacay, Christie RN, MAN

MENTOR 1 SA PANANUNSAY MENTOR 2 SA
PANANUNSAY

EMOSYONAL NGA RELASYON UG KATUMANAN SA PSYCHOSOCIAL

NGA NAGPANGUNOD SA PAGMABUNTIS SA BARANGAY GUADALUPE
CEBU CITY SA PANAHON SA COVID-19 PANDEMIC
TITLE SA PANANUNSAY
Kini nga Informed Consent Form adunay duha ka bahin:
● Sheet sa Impormasyon (naghatag kanimo kasayuran bahin sa pagtuon)
● Sertipiko sa Pag-uyon (dinhi ka mopirma kung uyon ka nga moapil)
Hatagan ka usa ka kopya sa tibuuk nga Informed Consent Form
BAHIN I: SHEET SA IMPORMASYON
Pasiuna: Kami mga Estudyante sa Pagbantay sa Ika-3 nga Tuig, gikan sa
Southwestern University PHINMA. Ang among katuyoan mao ang pagsiksik ug pag-
ila sa emosyonal nga relasyon ug psychosocial nga hinungdan sa pagmabdos sa
panahon sa COVID-19 pandemic sa Barangay Guadalupe, siyudad sa Sugbu.
Hatagan namon ikaw kasayuran ug dapiton ka nga mahimong bahin sa usa ka
pagtuon sa panukiduki. Mahimo nimo mapili kung gusto nimo moapil. Kung moapil
ka sa panukiduki, kinahanglan mouyon ka sa mga termino ug sa protokol sa pagtuon.
Apan kung dili nimo gusto nga moapil sa panukiduki, dili nimo kinahanglan.

52
Mahimo nimong hisgutan ang bisan unsa sa kini nga porma sa bisan kinsa nga gusto
nimo makigsulti. Mahimo ka magbuut kung moapil ba o dili pagkahuman nimo kini
nahisgutan. Dili kinahanglan nga mohukum ka dayon.
Mahimong adunay pipila ka mga pulong nga wala nimo masabut o mga butang nga
gusto nimo ipatin-aw namo sa labi pa tungod kay interesado ka o nabalaka. Palihug
hangyoa kami nga mohunong sa bisan unsang oras ug maggahin ako oras aron
ipasabut.
Katuyoan: Ang katuyoan sa kini nga pagtuon aron manguna usa ka labi ka maayo
nga pagsabut kung ngano nga kini nga panukiduki nga mapuslanon nga ipadayon
ang kini nga pagtuon aron mahibal-an ang emosyonal nga relasyon ug psychosocial
nga hinungdan sa pagmabdos sa COVID-19 pandemic sa Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu
City.
Pagpili sa mga partisipante: Gisulayan namon ang 50 ka mga babaye nga
namabdos gikan sa tuig 2020 hangtod karon, o mga babaye nga ning-anak
kaniadtong COVID-19 Pandemic sa Barangay Guadalupe Cebu City. Ang
gikinahanglan nga mga respondents kinahanglan mag-18 anyos pataas (ligal nga
edad) aron makaapil sa kini nga pagtuon.
Boluntaryo ang pag-apil: Dili kinahanglan nga mag-apil ka sa kini nga panukiduki
kung dili nimo gusto. Nakasabut kami kung nakahukom ka nga dili mahimong bahin
sa kini nga panukiduki. Bisan kung giingon nimo nga "oo" karon, mahimo nimong
mabag-o ang imong hunahuna sa ulahi ug okay ra gihapon.
Pamaagi: Kung mohukum ka nga gusto nimo moapil, ang mga musunud nga butang
mahinabo:
1. Moapil ako sa pagtuon pinaagi sa pagtubag sa survey pangutana sa online pinaagi
sa Google Forms 10 hangtod 15 minuto.
2. Naa sa palibot ang mga tigdukiduki samtang gitubag ang mga pangutana aron
mapadali ug matubag ang dugang nga mga pangutana.
3. Nakasabut ako nga ang kasayuran nga kinahanglan tigumon sa tigdukiduki gikan
kanako magamit ra alang sa katuyoan sa kini nga pagtuon sa panukiduki.
Mga Peligro: Wala’y purohan nga peligro nga naapil sa kini nga pagtuon. Gihimo
ang angay nga probisyon alang sa pagbantay sa panukiduki aron masiguro ang
kahilwasan ug kompidensyal sa mga respondente. Kung ang mga huyang nga
respondents naapil, ang angay nga dugang nga mga panalipod giapil aron
mapanalipdan ang mga katungod ug kaayohan sa mga ningtubag. Adunay usa ka
potensyal nga aksidente nimo nga ibutyag ang kaugalingon o tinago nga kasayuran, o

53
nga dili ka komportable nga hisgutan ang pipila ka mga isyu. Kami, sa laing bahin,
dili gusto nga kini mahinabo. Wala ka’y obligasyon sa pagtubag sa bisan unsang
mga pangutana o pag-apil sa survey kung nakita nimo nga kini komplikado o
personal. Maayo ra kung dili nimo gusto.
Mga Kaayohan: Makapahimulos ako gikan sa kini nga pagtuon pinaagi sa
pagkahibalo hain sa mga piho nga mga hinungdan ang nakatampo sa akong
pagmabdos sa panahon sa pandemiya. Ang mga tawo nga miapil sa kini nga pagtuon
mahimong adunay labi ka maayo nga pagsabut sa dugang nga mga pamaagi sa
pagtambal nga makahimo sa mga indibidwal nga masinati ug madugangan ang ilang
kinatibuk-ang pagbati sa kaayohan.
Mga bayad: Giklaro niini nga ang magtubag makadawat PHP 50.00 nga load /
GCash nga salapi alang sa pag-apil sa kini nga pagtuon sa panukiduki.
Pagkumpidensyal: Dili namon isulti sa ubang mga tawo nga kauban ka sa kini nga
panukiduki ug dili kami magbahagi sa kasayuran bahin kanimo sa bisan kinsa nga
wala magtrabaho sa pagtuon sa panukiduki. Pagkahuman sa panukiduki, masultihan
ka sa mga sangputanan.
Ang kasayuran bahin kanimo nga makolekta gikan sa panukiduki ibutang ug wala’y
bisan kinsa gawas sa mga tigdukiduki nga makita kini. Ang bisan unsang kasayuran
bahin kanimo adunay imong mga inisyal (mga ngalan sa code) niini puli sa imong
tibuuk nga ngalan. Ang mga tigdukiduki ra ang mahibal-an bahin sa imong ngalan sa
code. Dili kini igbahin o igahatag sa bisan kinsa gawas kang Ms. Jessel Caresosa
Seboa, ang among magtutudlo sa panukiduki.
Ang tanan nga kasayuran nga gikuha gikan sa pagtuon paga-code aron mapanalipdan
ang ngalan sa matag nagtubag. Dili magamit ang mga ngalan o uban pang kasayuran
sa pag-ila sa paghisgot o pagreport sa datos. Ang (mga) investigator luwas nga
magtipig sa tanan nga mga file ug datos nga nakolekta sa usa ka luwas nga naka-lock
nga gabinete sa punoan nga punoan nga mga investigator ug / o naka-encrypt
(gipugngan) nga Google drive. Sa higayon nga ang datos ug mga sangputanan
hingpit nga nahibal-an, malaglag kini, ug ang tanan nga mga elektronik nga file
mapapas.

Pagpaambit sa mga Nahibal-an: Kung nahuman na kami sa pagsiksik; isulti namon

kanimo ang bahin sa among nahibal-an. Hatagan ka usab namon sa mga
sangputanan. Pagkahuman, isulti namon sa daghang mga tawo ang bahin sa

54
panukiduki ug kung unsa ang among nakit-an. Buhaton namon kini pinaagi sa
pagsulat ug pagpaambit sa mga ulat sa mga tawo nga interesado sa among pagtuon.
Katungod sa Pagdumili o Pag-atras: Dili ka kinahanglan nga maapil sa kini nga
panukiduki. Wala’y maglagot o mapakyas kanimo kung moingon ka nga dili. Kini
ang imong kapilian. Mahimo nimo kini hunahunaon ug isulti kanamo sa ulahi kung
gusto nimo. Mahimo nimong isulti nga "oo" karon ug usba ang imong hunahuna
unya ug mahimo ra gihapon nga okay.
Kinsa ang Makontak: Mahimo ka makapangutana kanamo karon o sa ulahi.
Naghatag kami usa ka numero ug email address diin mahimo nimo kami maabot.
Kung gusto nimong makigsulti sa uban nga imong kaila sama sa imong mga higala,
ginikanan, tigdumala, okay ra usab kana.

KONTAK SA IMPORMASYON
Punoan nga Imbestigador: Trisha S. Umali
Numero sa Mobile: 09272247433
Email Address: [email protected]
Tigdukiduki sa Panukiduki: Ms. Jessel Caresosa Seboa
Numero sa Mobile: 09194379240
Email Address: [email protected]

Kini nga pagtuon gisusi ug aprobahan sa Southwestern University-PHINMA

Institutional Review Board usa ka komite nga ang tahas mao ang pagsiguro nga ang
mga partisipante sa panukiduki gipanalipdan gikan sa kadaotan. Kung gusto nimo
makit-an ang bahin sa IRB:
Pakigsulti sa Southwestern University PHINMA Institutional Review Board
Address: Urgello Street, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
Email Address: [email protected]

Kung gipili nimo nga mahimong bahin sa kini nga panukiduki, hatagan ko usab
ikaw usa ka kopya sa niini nga porma aron mapadayon nimo. Mahimo ka
mangutana kanako bisan unsang mga pangutana bahin sa bisan unsang bahin
sa pagtuon sa panukiduki, kung gusto nimo. Aduna ka bay mga pangutana?

BAHIN 2: CERTIFICATE OF CONSENT

55
Nakasabut ako nga ang panukiduki bahin sa pag-ila sa emosyonal nga relasyon ug
psychosocial nga hinungdan sa pagmabdos sa panahon sa COVID-19 Pandemic sa
Barangay Guadalupe, Cebu City. Nasabtan nako nga moapil ako sa pagtuon pinaagi
sa pagtubag sa survey nga pangutana sa online pinaagi sa Google Forms.

Nabasa nako kini nga kasayuran (o gipabasa kanako ang kasayuran). Gitubag
nako ang akong mga pangutana ug nahibal-an nga makapangutana ako sa
ulahi kung adunay ako kanila.
NAGKASUNDO AKO NGA MAKA BAHIN SA PANANALIKSIK.

Kung motugot ra ang respondent:

Ig-print ang ngalan sa nagtubag: ___________________

Pirma sa miresponde: ____________________
Petsa: ________________
Adlaw / bulan / tuig

Ig-print ang ngalan sa tigdukiduki_________________

Lagda sa tigdukiduki___________________
Petsa__________________
Adlaw / bulan / tuig

Ig-print ang ngalan sa tigdukiduki_________________

Lagda sa tigdukiduki___________________
Petsa__________________
Adlaw / bulan / tuig

56
Kung dili makabasa:
Ang usa ka nakasulat nga saksi kinahanglan pirmahan (kung mahimo, kini nga tawo
kinahanglan pilion sa partisipante, dili mahimong ginikanan, ug kinahanglan nga
wala’y koneksyon sa bahan sa panukiduki). Ang mga partisipante nga dili
makamaong mobasa ug magbasa kinahanglan usab nga mag-uban sa ilang thumb
print.
Nasaksihan ko ang ensakto nga pagbasa sa porma sa pagtugot sa nagtubag, ug
ang indibidwal adunay higayon nga makapangutana. Gikumpirma nako nga
ang indibidwal naghatag libre nga pagtugot.

Ig-print ang ngalan sa saksi (dili ginikanan) _________________ OG

Lagda sa saksi nga________________________
Petsa ________________________
Adlaw / bulan / tuig

Tukma nako nga nabasa o nasaksihan ang ensakto nga pagbasa sa porma sa
pagtugot sa potensyal nga motubag, ug ang indibidwal adunay higayon nga
makapangutana. Gikumpirma nako nga ang indibidwal naghatag libre nga
pagtugot.

Ig-print ang ngalan sa tigdukiduki_________________

Lagda sa tigdukiduki___________________

57
Petsa__________________
Adlaw / bulan / tuig

Pahayag sa tigdukiduki / tawo nga nagkuha pagtugot

Sakto nga nabasa nako ang sheet sa kasayuran sa potensyal nga mosalmot, ug sa
labing maayo nga akong mahimo nga gisiguro nga nahibal-an sa respondente nga
ang musunud buhaton.
1. Moapil ako sa pagtuon pinaagi sa pagtubag sa survey pangutana sa online pinaagi
sa Google Forms 10 hangtod 15 minuto.
2. Nasabtan nako nga ang kasayuran nga kinahanglan matigum sa tigdukiduki
magamit ra alang sa katuyoan sa kini nga pagtuon sa panukiduki.
Gikumpirma nako nga ang gitubag gihatagan higayon nga makapangutana bahin sa
pagtuon, ug ang tanan nga mga pangutana nga gipangutana niya natubag nga husto
ug kutob sa akong mahimo. Gikumpirma nako nga ang indibidwal wala pugsa sa
paghatag pagtugot, ug ang pagtugot gihatag nga libre ug boluntaryo.

Ang usa ka kopya sa kini nga porma sa pagtugot gihatag sa girespeto.

I-print ang Ngalan sa Tigdukiduki / tawo nga nagkuha pagtugot________________

Lagda sa Tigdukiduki / tawo nga nagkuha sa pagtugot nga si _________________
Petsa ___________________________
Adlaw / bulan / tuig

Gihatag ang kopya sa partisipante nga ________ (inisyal sa tigdukiduki / katabang)

58
 APPENDIX C

Research Instrument – Questionnaire

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

We, the researchers, would like to have your effective participation

on our survey for our research entitled “EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO PREGNANCY IN
BARANGAY GUADALUPE CEBU CITY DURING COVID-19
PANDEMIC”. The survey is anonymous and confidential, so please
answer as truthfully and accurately as possible. The aggregate results will
be made available when the responses of all participants have been
tabulated. We are hoping for your reliable response.

Thank you very much for your kind support for our research project.
- The Researchers

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

 Respondent Identification: _________________________
(Please type your birth year and the last two letters of your
last name)
EX: UMALI = 2000LI
 Age (Please Select):

 18 – 29 years old
 30 – 40 years old
 41 years old and ABOVE
 Civil Status (Please Select):

 Single
 Open Relationship
 Exclusive Relationship
 Engaged

59
  Married
 Widowed
 Separated / Divorced
 Educational Attainment (Please Select):

 Elementary
 Highschool (Junior / Senior)
 Technical Vocational
 College Degree
 Others, Please Specify: ________________

 Income (Please Select):

No Income
 1 – 1000
 2,001 – 4,000
 4,001-6,000
 6,001-8,000
 10,001-12,000
 12,001-14,000
 14,001-16,000
 16,001-18,000
 18,001-20,000
 20,001-40,000
 40,001 and ABOVE

60
PART II – EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP QUESTIONNAIRE
________________________________________________

Instructions: Listed below are different emotional relationship reasons why

people engage in sexual activity. For each statement, please indicate the
response that best describes how much you agree or disagree with each of the
following statements.

Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Question Agree Disagree
(3) (2)
(4) (1)

1. I wanted to express
love for my partner.
   
2. I wanted to show my
sincerity in our    
relationship.
3. I wanted to make an
emotional connection    
with my partner.
4. I wanted to
strengthen my
relationship with my
   
partner.
5. I wanted to build
trust with my partner.
   
6. I wanted to boost or
improve mood.
   
7. I wanted to express
gratitude for my    
partner.
8. I wanted to have
commitment and
assurance with my
   
partner.
9. I wanted to be
relieved from stress    
and tension.
10. I wanted to give
comfort to my partner.
   
61
PART III – PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS QUESTIONNAIRE

Instructions: Listed below are different psychosocial reasons why people

engage in sexual activity. For each statement, please indicate the response that
best describes how much you agree or disagree with each of the following
statements.

Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Question Agree Disagree
(3) (2)
(4) (1)

1. I am pressured
because my family
wanted me to have kids
   
already.
2. I am financially
prepared to be    
pregnant and raise kids.
3. I wanted to have
interesting topic to talk    
about with my friends.
4. I wanted to improve
my self-image to other    
people.
5. My partner wanted
to start a family.
   
6. I wanted to prove to
other people that I have
a good relationship with
   
my partner.
7. I am in proper age to
have kids.
   
8. I am married;
therefore, I want to    
have kids.
9. I have enough
knowledge and
experience to be a
   
mother.
10. I envy my peers
because they have kids
   
62
 already, and I don’t.
APPENDIX D
RAW DATA / STATISTICS
RA – FREQUENCIES
Notes
Output Created 23-OCT-2021 05:36:32
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 50
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are
treated as missing.
Cases Used Statistics are based on all cases
with valid data.
Syntax FREQUENCIES
VARIABLES=Age CivilStatus
EducAttain EstIncome
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.00
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.00

Statistics

Age CivilStatus EducAttain EstIncome

N Valid 50 50 50 50

Missing 0 0 0 0

Frequency Table
Age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 1.00 33 66.0 66.0 66.0

63
 2.00 14 28.0 28.0 94.0

3.00 3 6.0 6.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

CivilStatus

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 1.00 18 36.0 36.0 36.0

2.00 4 8.0 8.0 44.0

3.00 4 8.0 8.0 52.0

4.00 3 6.0 6.0 58.0

5.00 19 38.0 38.0 96.0

6.00 1 2.0 2.0 98.0

7.00 1 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

EducAttain

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 2.00 12 24.0 24.0 24.0

3.00 4 8.0 8.0 32.0

4.00 34 68.0 68.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

EstIncome
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 1.00 15 30.0 30.0 30.0
2.00 4 8.0 8.0 38.0
3.00 1 2.0 2.0 40.0
4.00 7 14.0 14.0 54.0
5.00 3 6.0 6.0 60.0
7.00 2 4.0 4.0 64.0
8.00 3 6.0 6.0 70.0

64
 9.00 1 2.0 2.0 72.0
10.00 2 4.0 4.0 76.0
11.00 3 6.0 6.0 82.0
12.00 8 16.0 16.0 98.0
13.00 1 2.0 2.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Descriptives
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
ERQ1 50 2.00 4.00 3.5200 .64650
ERQ2 50 1.00 4.00 3.5400 .73429
ERQ3 50 2.00 4.00 3.3400 .68839
ERQ4 50 2.00 4.00 3.5800 .67279
ERQ5 50 2.00 4.00 3.5800 .67279
ERQ6 50 2.00 4.00 3.3400 .68839
ERQ7 50 2.00 4.00 3.4800 .67733
ERQ8 50 2.00 4.00 3.5000 .73540
ERQ9 50 2.00 4.00 3.5200 .67733
ERQ10 50 2.00 4.00 3.6000 .63888
ERQMean 50 2.00 4.00 3.5000 .59213
Valid N (listwise) 50

Descriptives

Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
PFQ1 50 1.00 4.00 1.8400 .73845
PFQ2 50 1.00 4.00 2.7200 .80913
PFQ3 50 1.00 4.00 2.7000 .90914
PFQ4 50 1.00 4.00 2.5200 .93110

65
PFQ5 50 1.00 4.00 3.2000 .78246
PFQ6 50 1.00 4.00 2.8800 .96129
PFQ7 50 1.00 4.00 3.2400 .84660
PFQ8 50 1.00 4.00 2.6800 1.05830
PFQ9 50 2.00 4.00 2.9800 .71400
PFQ10 50 1.00 4.00 1.8600 .67036
PFQMean 50 1.60 4.00 2.6620 .45575
Valid N (listwise) 50

Means

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Included Excluded Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
ERQMean * Age 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
ERQMean * 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
CivilStatusZ
ERQMean * EducAttain 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
ERQMean * EstIncome 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%

ERQMean * Age

Report
ERQMean
Age Mean N Std. Deviation
1.00 3.4333 33 .63868
2.00 3.7429 14 .30562
3.00 3.1000 3 .85440
Total 3.5000 50 .59213

ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
ERQMean Between Groups (Combined) 1.452 2 .726 2.170 .125
* Age Within Groups 15.728 47 .335
Total 17.180 49

66
 Measures of Association
Eta Eta Squared
ERQMean * Age .291 .085

ERQMean * CivilStatus

Report
ERQMean
CivilStatus Mean N Std. Deviation
1.00 3.4333 18 .65888
2.00 3.5000 4 .74386
3.00 3.4750 4 .45735
4.00 3.6667 3 .32146
5.00 3.6474 19 .48462
6.00 3.0000 1 .
7.00 2.0000 1 .
Total 3.5000 50 .59213

ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
ERQMean Between Groups (Combined) 3.078 6 .513 1.565 .181
* CivilStatus Within Groups 14.102 43 .328
Total 17.180 49

Measures of Association
Eta Eta Squared
ERQMean * CivilStatus .423 .179

ERQMean * EducAttain

Report

67
ERQMean
EducAttain Mean N Std. Deviation
2.00 3.6917 12 .42738
3.00 3.2500 4 .88129
4.00 3.4618 34 .60554
Total 3.5000 50 .59213

ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
ERQMean Between Groups (Combined) .741 2 .370 1.059 .355
* EducAttain Within Groups 16.439 47 .350
Total 17.180 49

Measures of Association
Eta Eta Squared
ERQMean * EducAttain .208 .043

ERQMean * EstIncome

Report
ERQMean
EstIncome Mean N Std. Deviation
1.00 3.5000 15 .49425
2.00 3.4250 4 .95350
3.00 3.5000 1 .
4.00 3.9143 7 .12150
5.00 3.6667 3 .35119
7.00 3.7500 2 .35355
8.00 3.5333 3 .72342
9.00 4.0000 1 .
10.00 3.0000 2 1.41421
11.00 3.3000 3 .60828
12.00 3.3250 8 .63189

68
13.00 2.3000 1 .
Total 3.5000 50 .59213

ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
ERQMean Between Groups (Combined) 3.991 11 .363 1.045 .429
* EstIncome Within Groups 13.189 38 .347
Total 17.180 49

Measures of Association

Eta Eta Squared

ERQMean * EstIncome .482 .232

Means

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Included Excluded Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
PFQMean * Age 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
PFQMean * CivilStatus 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
PFQMean * EducAttain 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
PFQMean * EstIncome 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%

PFQMean * Age

Report
PFQMean
Age Mean N Std. Deviation
1.00 2.5485 33 .44449
2.00 2.9071 14 .43406
3.00 2.7667 3 .23094
Total 2.6620 50 .45575

69
 ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
PFQMean Between Groups (Combined) 1.299 2 .650 3.439 .040
* Age Within Groups 8.878 47 .189
Total 10.178 49

Measures of Association
Eta Eta Squared
PFQMean * Age .357 .128

PFQMean * CivilStatus

Report
PFQMean
CivilStatus Mean N Std. Deviation
1.00 2.4167 18 .43555
2.00 2.5750 4 .65511
3.00 2.8000 4 .33665
4.00 2.8000 3 .36056
5.00 2.8632 19 .40306
6.00 2.9000 1 .
7.00 2.4000 1 .
Total 2.6620 50 .45575

ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
PFQMean Between Groups (Combined) 2.141 6 .357 1.909 .101
* CivilStatus Within Groups 8.037 43 .187
Total 10.178 49

Measures of Association

70
 Eta Eta Squared
PFQMean * CivilStatus .459 .210

PFQMean * EducAttain

ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
PFQMean Between Groups (Combined) .234 2 .117 .554 .579
* EducAttain Within Groups 9.944 47 .212
Total 10.178 49

Measures of Association
Eta Eta Squared
PFQMean * EducAttain .152 .023

PFQMean * EstIncome

Report
PFQMean
EstIncome Mean N Std. Deviation
1.00 2.6133 15 .37200
2.00 2.6750 4 .48563
3.00 3.1000 1 .
4.00 2.9429 7 .62944
5.00 2.9667 3 .20817
7.00 1.9500 2 .21213
8.00 2.5333 3 .46188
9.00 3.1000 1 .
10.00 2.8000 2 .70711

71
11.00 2.4667 3 .20817
12.00 2.5625 8 .45336
13.00 2.5000 1 .
Total 2.6620 50 .45575

ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
PFQMean Between Groups (Combined) 2.572 11 .234 1.168 .340
* EstIncome Within Groups 7.606 38 .200
Total 10.178 49

Measures of Association
Eta Eta Squared
PFQMean * EstIncome .503 .253

Correlations

Correlations
ERQMean PFQMean
ERQMean Pearson Correlation 1 .406**
Sig. (2-tailed) .003
N 50 50
PFQMean Pearson Correlation .406** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .003
N 50 50
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

72
 APPENDIX F
IRB APPROVAL FORM

73
74
 APPENDIX G
CERTIFICATION OF THE STATISTICIAN

75
 APPENDIX H
ACTION PLAN

Target Year of
Problem Goal and Step Person’s Involve Partners
Completion
Lack of 2022
Family
Planning
During
COVID-19
Pandemic

Resources Action Measures to Monitor Progress Communication

76
 APPENDIX I
GCP CERTIFICATES OF THE RESEARCHERS

77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Niceforo Jr. C. Niadas

Address: 199 Sitio Cantibjang
Lower Pakigne,
Minglanilla, Cebu
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: August 05, 2000
Sex: Male
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09229553777
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Lipata Central School (S.Y. 2006-2012)

Junior High: Minglanilla Science High School

(S.Y. 2012-2016)

Senior High: Minglanilla Science High School

(S.Y. 2016-2018) STEM Strand

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2019-Present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

95
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Lyn-Je Kirstene M. Noval

Address: Tamsi St. Mountain View
Village Kalunasan,
Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: May 5,1999
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09398824384
Email Address: [email protected]
Educational Background
Elementary: Saint Theresas College (S.Y. 2006-2012)
Junior High: Saint Francis of Assisi School
(S.Y. 2012 -2016)
Senior High: University of San Carlos (S.Y. 2016-2018)
STEM Strand
College: Cebu Doctor’s University (S.Y. 2018)
Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy
Southwestern University PHINMA
(S.Y. 2018-Present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Work Experience:
Freelance Graphic Designer (2019-Present)
Freelance Virtual Assistant (2020- Present)
Organization:
CDU RS Choral (2018)
Southwestern University PHINMA -
College of Nursing
Student Body Organization (2020- Present)
Assistant Treasurer

96
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Honey Grace I. Obligado

Address: Tuboran, Del Carmen,
Surigao Del Norte
Place of birth: Tuboran, Del Carmen,
Surigao Del Norte
Date of birth: January 23, 2001
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09284325165
Email Address: [email protected]
[email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Tuboran Elementary School

(S.Y. 2006-2012)

Junior High: Mariano, Matugas, Memorial National High

School (S.Y. 2012-2016)

Senior High: Mariano, Matugas, Memorial National High

School (S.Y. 2016-2018)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2018-Present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

97
 CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Clifford G. Paquibot
Address: Urgello, Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: March 24, 2001
Sex: Male
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student Nurse
Contact Number: 09634486272
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Rizal, Elementary, School (S.Y. 2006-2012)

Junior High: Camotes Hillside Academy Inc.

(S.Y. 2012-2016)

Senior High: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2016-2018)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2018-Present)

Organization:

Company Occupation Year

Core Group Cebu Batch 7 Model 2019-Present
Phowee Haven Cebu Familia Councilor 2018-2019
Phowee Haven Philippines Merch Designer and Illustrator 2019-Present
(Production Department)

98
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Keth Nicole B. Ponce

Address: Guinacot Danao City, Cebu
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: December 09, 1999
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student Nurse
Contact Number: 09455897363
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational background
Elementary: St. Thomas Learning Center Foundation Inc.
(S.Y. 2006-2012)

Junior High: St. Thomas Learning Center Foundation Inc.

(S.Y. 2012-2016)

Senior High: Ramon M. Durano Sr. Foundation- Science

Technology Engineering Center
(S.Y. 2016-2018)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2018-Present)

Work Experience:
Company Occupation Year
SSI Data Research Now Market Researcher 2020

99
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Puig, Sunny Mae T.

Address: Sitio Ulap, Basak Pardo,
Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: May 09, 2000
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09391695954
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Don Vicente Rama Memorial

Elementary School

Junior High: Don Vicente Rama Memorial National

High School

Senior High: Southwestern University PHINMA

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

TechVoc: NOT APPLICABLE

100
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Rhonnel A. Rosales

Address: Sitio Lower Suran
Kinasang An Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: April 32, 2000
Sex: Male
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09216203283
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Pardo Elementary School

(S.Y. 2007-2013)

Junior High: Southwestern University Basak Campus

(S.Y. 2013-2017)

Senior High: Cebu Institute Of Technology University

(S.Y. 2017-2019)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2019-present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Work Experience:
 Waiter
 Contractor
 Helper

101
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Saranillo, Mary Claire O.

Address: Capitol Site, Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: March 21, 2001
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: None
Contact Number: 09954568463
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: City Central School

Junior High: Ramon Duterte Memorial National

High School

Senior High: Southwestern University- PHINMA

College: Southwestern University- PHINMA

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

102
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Shalea Ashley A. Sayson

Address: Riva Ridge Tisa Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: April 03, 2001
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09565394681
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Tisa Elementary School (S.Y. 2006-2012)

Junior High: Cebu Institute of Technology - University

(S.Y. 2012-2016)

Senior High: Cebu Institute of Technology - University

(S.Y. 2016-2018)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(2018-Present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

103
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Kathleen Kaye M. Soten

Address: Poblacion, Dalaguete, Cebu
Place of birth: Dalaguete Cebu
Date of birth: March 22, 2000
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09612409081
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Dalaguete Central Elementary School

(S.Y. 2006-2012)

Junior High: Dalaguete National High School

(S.Y.2012-2016)

Senior High: Dalaguete National High School

(S.Y. 2016-2018)
HUMSS Strand

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2019-present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

104
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Tabornal, Melanie A.

Address: Sitio Lupa Sapangdaku,
Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: January 2, 2020
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09519118831
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: NAPO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (2007-2013)

Junior High: RAMON DUTERTE MEMORIAL NATIONAL

HIGH SCHOOL (2013-2017)

Senior High: SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY PHINMA SHS

(2017-2019)

College: SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY PHINMA

COLLEGE OF NURSING
(2019- TO PRESENT)

105
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Taldo, Merlie M.

Address: Nangka, Balamban, Cebu
Place of birth: Nangka, Balamban, Cebu
Date of birth: December 8, 2000
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student Nurse
Contact Number: 09309380117
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Nangka Elementary School

(S.Y. 2007-2013)

Junior High: Nangka National Highschool

(S. Y. 2013-2017)

Senior High: Nangka National Highschool

(S. Y. 2017-2019)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(2019-present)

106
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Mark Jovan Miano Teopiz, Jr.

Address: 82. M. Dacalos St. Poblacion,
Pardo Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: January 31, 2001
Sex: Male
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: +639953212675
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Pardo Elementary School

(S.Y. 2007-2013)

Junior High: Pardo National High School

(S.Y. 2013-2017)

Senior High: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2017-2019)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2019-present)

107
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Umali, Trisha S.

Address: 3-37 Ilang-Ilang St.
Phase 3, Saint Jude Acres,
Bulacao Pardo Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: June 29, 2000
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09272247433
Email Address: [email protected]
[email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Southwestern University – South Campus

(2006-2012)

Junior High: Southwestern University PHINMA

(2012-2016)

Senior High: Southwestern University PHINMA

(2016-2018) STEM Strand

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(2018- PRESENT)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

TechVoc: NOT APPLICABLE

Work Experience:
 McDonald’s Tabunok Cebu Branch – Service Crew (2018)
Organization:
 Judeans Youth Organization (2017)

108
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: April Nicole Ang Virgines

Address: J. Labra St. Guadalupe,
Cebu City
Place of birth: Moras Dela Paz,
Sto. Tomas, Pampanga
Date of birth: May 2, 2000
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: +639212012756
Email Address: [email protected]
[email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: San Fernando Elementary School

(129 B. Mendoza, San Fernando Pampanga,
S.Y. 2008-2013)
Junior High: Monterey School Inc.
(San Isidro Road, Talisay, Cebu, S.Y. 2016-
2017)
Senior High: Informatics College
(National Highway Road, Consolacion, Cebu
S.Y. 2017-2019)
College: Southwestern University PHINMA
(Urgello St. Cebu City, S.Y. 2019-present)

Work Experience:
Company Occupation Year
RGS Recovery Management Collector Agent 2020

109
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Roanne Marie Villa Yap

Address: 615 Dr. P.Del Rosario
Extension Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: April 22, 2000
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09456048253
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational background

Elementary: Southwestern University

(S.Y. 2006-2013)

Junior High: Southwestern University - PHINMA

(S.Y. 2013-2017)

Senior High: Southwestern University – PHINMA

(S.Y. 2017-2019)

College: Southwestern University PHINMA

(S.Y. 2019-Present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

110
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Ybanez, Erica

Address: Puntod Alaska Mambaling
Cebu City
Place of birth: Cebu City
Date of birth: March 19, 2000
Sex: Female
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Occupation: Student
Contact Number: 09204920015
Email Address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary: Alaska Elementary School (S.Y. 2006-2012)

Junior High: Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong

National High School (S.Y. 2012-2016)

Senior High: Southwestern University-PHINMA

(S.Y. 2016-2018) STEM Strand

College: Southwestern University-PHINMA

(S.Y. 2018-Present)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

111