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    Hydrofluoric and Nitric Acid in Etching Baths

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    Dang Thinh
    This document describes a potentiometric titration method to determine the concentrations of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in etching baths. The method involves titrating a sample with sodium hydroxide to determine total acid content, then titrating with lanthanum nitrate to determine hydrofluoric acid content. The concentration of nitric acid is calculated by subtracting the hydrofluoric acid measurement from the total acid content. The method was used to analyze two etching bath samples and results are reported.

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    Hydrofluoric and Nitric Acid in Etching Baths

    Uploaded by

    Dang Thinh
    154 views2 pages
    This document describes a potentiometric titration method to determine the concentrations of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in etching baths. The method involves titrating a sample with sodium hydroxide to determine total acid content, then titrating with lanthanum nitrate to determine hydrofluoric acid content. The concentration of nitric acid is calculated by subtracting the hydrofluoric acid measurement from the total acid content. The method was used to analyze two etching bath samples and results are reported.

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    Hydrofluoric and Nitric Acid in Etching Baths

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    This document describes a potentiometric titration method to determine the concentrations of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in etching baths. The method involves titrating a sample with sodium hydroxide to determine total acid content, then titrating with lanthanum nitrate to determine hydrofluoric acid content. The concentration of nitric acid is calculated by subtracting the hydrofluoric acid measurement from the total acid content. The method was used to analyze two etching bath samples and results are reported.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    154 views2 pages

    Hydrofluoric and Nitric Acid in Etching Baths

    Uploaded by

    Dang Thinh
    This document describes a potentiometric titration method to determine the concentrations of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in etching baths. The method involves titrating a sample with sodium hydroxide to determine total acid content, then titrating with lanthanum nitrate to determine hydrofluoric acid content. The concentration of nitric acid is calculated by subtracting the hydrofluoric acid measurement from the total acid content. The method was used to analyze two etching bath samples and results are reported.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Ti Application Note No.

    T- 34
    Title: Hydrofluoric and nitric acid in etching baths

    Summary: Determination of hydrofluoric and nitric acid in etching baths by


    potentiometric titration.
    a) Determination of the total acid content using the combined Sb
    electrode and NaOH as titrant.
    b) Determination of hydrofluoric acid using the F ISE and La(NO3)3
    as titrant.
    The concentration of nitric acid is then determined by calculation.

    Sample: Two different etching baths

    Sample
    Preparation: none

    Instruments and
    Accessories: 702, 716, 736, 751 or 785 Titrino or 796 Titroprocessor,
    6.0421.100 combined Sb electrode,
    6.0502.150 F ISE and 6.0726.107 reference electrode

    Analysis: a) Determination of total free acid


    Pipet 1.00 mL sample into a plastic beaker and dilute with dist.
    water to approx. 25 mL, then titrate with c(NaOH) = 1 mol/L.

    The first equivalence point of the titration curve corresponds to the


    total free acid, the second EP to the dissolved heavy metal ions
    contained in the sample.

    b) Determination of hydrofluoric acid


    Pipet 1.00 mL sample into a plastic beaker and dilute with dist.
    water to approx. 40 mL. Add approx. 1 g sodium acetate, adjust
    the pH of the solution to 6.0 by adding NaOH and titrate with
    c[La(NO3)3] = 0.1 mol/L.

    Calculation: a) mol/L total free acid = RS 1 = EP1 * C01 * C02 / C00

    EP1 = titrant consumption in mL


    C00 = 1.00 (sample size in mL)
    C01 = 1 (concentration of the titrant in mol/L)
    C02 = titer of the titrant

    T-34/2
    Calculation: b) mol/L HF = RS2 = EP1 * C03 * C04 * C05 / C00

    mol/L HNO3 = RS1 – RS2

    EP1 = titrant consumption in mL


    C00 = 1.00 (sample size in mL)
    C03 = 0.1 (concentration of the titrant in mol/L)
    C04 = titer of the titrant
    C05 = 3 (stoichiometric factor: 1 La3+ reacts with 3 F–)

    Remarks: In solutions containing an excess of HNO3 all fluoride is present


    as HF.

    Results:
    Sample A: AVG(5) = 0.217 ± 0.005 mol/L HF
    AVG(5) = 1.731 ± 0.024 mol/L HNO3
    Sample B: AVG(5) = 3.871 ± 0.029 mol/L HF
    AVG(5) = 1.660 ± 0.026 mol/L HNO3

    T-34/2

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