Experiment 3 Types of Chemical Reaction

ED260
Bachelor in Education Science (Hons.)

Chemistry
Faculty of Education
CHM 420
Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani
Matrix no : 2014665254
Title of Experiment : Acids and Bases
Group : ED2601A
Group Partner : Nur Syawanie Nabilah binti Ismail
Date of Submission : October 2014
Lecturer’s name : Mr Yong Soon Kong
EXPERIMENT 6
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this experiment is to study the properties of acidic/basic substances using
indicators and a pH meter
INTRODUCTION
Stoichiometry calculations are about calculating the amounts of substances that react and form in
a chemical reaction. By studying stoichiometry, we can calculate the quantity of reactants that
will be consumed in a chemical reaction, and the amount of product produced. A stoichiometric
calculation will also allow students to determine the limiting reagent. Percentage yield linked to
stoichiometry which the amount of the product is predicted using the limiting reagent.
Percentage yield can be calculated using the formula, Percentage Yield= (Actual
Yield/Theoretical Yield) X 100.
CHEMICAL AND APPARATUS

 Sample solution A  Test tubes
 Sample solution B  Conical flask
 Unknown acid solution  Beaker
 Indicators (thymol blue, bromophenol  Pipet (25 ml)
blue, methyl orange, and penolphtalien)  Burette
 pH meter
METHODOLOGY
1. 0.5 M CaCl2 and 1.5 M Na2CO3 at required volume were dispensed from the burette into
a clean conical flask.
2. The flask was swirled and was left aside for five minutes to allow precipitate completely
formed.
3. The product was filtered using Buchner funnel and suction filtration set.
4. The filter paper was removed from the Buchner funnel and was placed on a pre-weighed
watch glass. The product was dried in the oven for 30 minutes.
5. The product (CaCO3) was scraped from the filter paper onto the watch glass.
6. The watch glass that filled with the product was returned to the oven for further 10
minutes.
7. The mass of the product was obtained.
8. The product was reheated and re-obtained for three times to complete dryness.
9. The amount of product that obtained were compared with that expected. The limiting
reactant and excess reactant were identified and the percentage yield was calculated.
DATASHEET EXPERIMENT 3
Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani Date : 21/10/2014

Student ID : 2014665254 Group : ED2601A
Reactions
1 2
Mass of the product, g
(1st heat) 0.9070 0.5789
(after reheating) 0.8871 0.5622
(after reheating) 0.8859 0.5588
Mass of the product, g 0.8854 0.5588
CALCULATION
(REACTION 1)
A. Determination of limiting reactant.
CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl
Number of mole of CaCl2 = 0.5 M × 0.02 L

= 0.010 mole
Number of mole of Na2CO3 = 1.5 M × 0.01 L

= 0.015 mole
So, CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.
B. Number of mole of CaCO3.
1 mole CaCl2 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,
0.010 mole CaCl2

------------------------- × 1 mole CaCO3
1 mole CaCl2
No mole of CaCO3 = 0.010 mole
C. Theoretical mass of CaCO3.
0.010 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 1.00087 gram.

D. Percentage Yield.
Actual mass CaCO3 = 0.8854 gram.

Theoretical mass CaCO3 = 1.00087 gram.
(0.8854 gram / 1.00087 gram) × 100% = 88.46 %
The percentage yield for reaction 1 = 88.46 %
(REACTION 2)
A. Determination of limiting reactant.

= 0.0100 mole

= 0.0075 mole
So, Na2CO3 is the limiting reactant.
B. Number of mole of CaCO3.
1 mole Na2CO3 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,
0.0075 mole Na2CO3 × 1 mole CaCO3

1 mole Na2CO3
C. Theoretical mass of CaCO3.
D. Percentage Yield.
Actual mass of CaCO3 = 0.5588 gram.

Theoretical mass of CaCO3 = 0.75065 gram.
(0.5588 gram / 0.75065 gram) × 100% = 74.44 %

QUESTION
1. A) Balanced chemical equation for reaction.
B) Limiting reactant.
For reaction 1, CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.

For reaction 2, Na2CO3 is limiting reactant.
C) The theoretical yield.
(Reaction 1)

= 0.010 mole
1 mole CaCl2 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,
0.010 mole CaCl2

------------------------- × 1 mole CaCO3
1 mole CaCl2
The theoretical yield for reaction 1 = 1.00087 gram.
(Reaction 2)

= 0.0075 mole
1 mole Na2CO3 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,
0.0075 mole Na2CO3

--------------------------- × 1 mole CaCO3
1 mole Na2CO3

The theoretical yield for reaction 2 = 0.75065 gram.
D) The percent yield.
(Reaction 1)
Actual mass CaCO3 = 0.8854 gram.

Theoretical mass CaCO3 = 1.00087 gram.
(0.8854 gram / 1.00087 gram) × 100% = 88.46 %
(Reaction 2)
Actual mass of CaCO3 = 0.5588 gram.

Theoretical mass of CaCO3 = 0.75065 gram.
(0.5588 gram / 0.75065 gram) × 100% = 74.44 %
2. Yes, the yield that I obtained was satisfied as the percentage yield is more than 50%.
I think it is not common to get an accurate yield because there are many sources of errors
in this experiment.
DISCUSSION
A. Interpretation.
 The expected (theoretical) mass of CaCO3 in reaction 1 is 1.00087 gram.
 The expected (theoretical) mass of CaCO3 in reaction 2 is 0.75065 gram.
 Steps to calculate theoretical yield.
i. Balanced the reaction equation and determine the ratios of reactants to
products.
ii. Calculate the number of moles of each reactant used.
iii. Calculate and determine the limiting reactant.
 Formula to calculate the percentage yield :-
 [Actual yield (gram) / Theoretical yield (gram)] × 100%
B. Error
 Zero error may occur as we use analytical balance to weigh the product which the result
shown is not precise.
 The product may still stick at the filter paper as we not scrape it perfectly so caused the
percentage yield to be decreased.
 Errors also can be introduced by immediate working environment. Students have limited
time to carry out the experiment so the rate of reaction may be incomplete.
C. Safety Precaution
 We must wear safety goggles and gloves as a protection.
 Place the filter paper and the product in the waste containers in the hood.
D. Suggestion Mark.
 For an accurate result, we can carry out this experiment in the unlimited working time.
CONCLUSION
By using the formula and calculation above :-

 CaCl2 is the limiting reactant for reaction 1.
 Na2CO3 is limiting reactant for reaction 2.
 The percentage yield for reaction 1 = 88.46 %
 The percentage yield for reaction 2 = 74.44 %
 We cannot have the accurate percentage yield as there are many sources of errors in this
reactions.
REFERENCES
1. http://mit-ot.blogspot.com/2012/05/chm11l-experiment-no-5-stoichiometry.html
2. https://docs.google.com/document/d/
1vYU6cYBFm6HVWRYiP3TzleBE0idc3w5h6TCBCAUgijA/edit?pli=1

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ED260

Bachelor in Education Science (Hons.)

CHEMICAL AND APPARATUS

Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani Date : 21/10/2014

A. Determination of limiting reactant.

CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl

Number of mole of CaCl2 = 0.5 M × 0.02 L

Number of mole of Na2CO3 = 1.5 M × 0.01 L

So, CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.

B. Number of mole of CaCO3.

1 mole CaCl2 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.010 mole CaCl2

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.010 mole

C. Theoretical mass of CaCO3.

0.010 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 1.00087 gram.

Actual mass CaCO3 = 0.8854 gram.

(0.8854 gram / 1.00087 gram) × 100% = 88.46 %

The percentage yield for reaction 1 = 88.46 %

A. Determination of limiting reactant.

CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl

Number of mole of CaCl2 = 0.5 M × 0.02 L

Number of mole of Na2CO3 = 1.5 M × 0.005 L

So, Na2CO3 is the limiting reactant.

B. Number of mole of CaCO3.

1 mole Na2CO3 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.0075 mole Na2CO3 × 1 mole CaCO3

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.0075 mole

C. Theoretical mass of CaCO3.

0.0075 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 0.75065 gram.

Actual mass of CaCO3 = 0.5588 gram.

(0.5588 gram / 0.75065 gram) × 100% = 74.44 %

The percentage yield for reaction 2 = 74.44 %

1. A) Balanced chemical equation for reaction.

CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl

For reaction 1, CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.

C) The theoretical yield.

Number of mole of CaCl2 = 0.5 M × 0.02 L

1 mole CaCl2 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.010 mole CaCl2

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.010 mole

0.010 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 1.00087 gram.

The theoretical yield for reaction 1 = 1.00087 gram.

Number of mole of Na2CO3 = 1.5 M × 0.005 L

1 mole Na2CO3 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.0075 mole Na2CO3

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.0075 mole

0.0075 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 0.75065 gram.

D) The percent yield.

Actual mass CaCO3 = 0.8854 gram.

(0.8854 gram / 1.00087 gram) × 100% = 88.46 %

The percentage yield for reaction 1 = 88.46 %

Actual mass of CaCO3 = 0.5588 gram.

(0.5588 gram / 0.75065 gram) × 100% = 74.44 %

The percentage yield for reaction 2 = 74.44 %

By using the formula and calculation above :-

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