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    DNA Translation

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    Vanesa Monterroso Cruz
    DNA is translated into mRNA which contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons three bases at a time and joins the corresponding amino acids via transfer RNA (tRNA) and its anticodons. Protein synthesis begins with initiation at the start codon followed by elongation as the polypeptide chain grows one amino acid at a time until a stop codon signals termination and release of the completed protein chain. The universal genetic code and translation process occurs in all organisms using the same components and mechanism of ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, and codons.

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    DNA Translation

    Uploaded by

    Vanesa Monterroso Cruz
    37 views2 pages
    DNA is translated into mRNA which contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons three bases at a time and joins the corresponding amino acids via transfer RNA (tRNA) and its anticodons. Protein synthesis begins with initiation at the start codon followed by elongation as the polypeptide chain grows one amino acid at a time until a stop codon signals termination and release of the completed protein chain. The universal genetic code and translation process occurs in all organisms using the same components and mechanism of ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, and codons.

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    Notes for IB SL DNA Translation theme

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    DNA is translated into mRNA which contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons three bases at a time and joins the corresponding amino acids via transfer RNA (tRNA) and its anticodons. Protein synthesis begins with initiation at the start codon followed by elongation as the polypeptide chain grows one amino acid at a time until a stop codon signals termination and release of the completed protein chain. The universal genetic code and translation process occurs in all organisms using the same components and mechanism of ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, and codons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    37 views2 pages

    DNA Translation

    Uploaded by

    Vanesa Monterroso Cruz
    DNA is translated into mRNA which contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons three bases at a time and joins the corresponding amino acids via transfer RNA (tRNA) and its anticodons. Protein synthesis begins with initiation at the start codon followed by elongation as the polypeptide chain grows one amino acid at a time until a stop codon signals termination and release of the completed protein chain. The universal genetic code and translation process occurs in all organisms using the same components and mechanism of ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, and codons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DNA Translation – the process of protein synthesis in which genetic information encoded in mRNA

    is translated into a sequence of amino acids on a polypeptide chain


    The information of in the mRNA sequence is read degeneracy of the code - Most of the amino acids
    three by three, these are known as codons are coded for by more than one codon
    Codons (mRNA): triplets of bases which correspond Universality – all organisms use the same genetic
    to a particular amino acid code
    Anticodons (tRNA): complementary to codons
    Start codon: AUG (makes methionine amino)
    A coding sequence is terminated with a stop codon:
    UAA, UAG, UGA
    each tRNA is covalently linked to a specific amino
    acid

    Ribosome tRNA
    actual site for protein synthesis in all kinds of cells specialized RNA molecule that carries the amino
    Made of tRNA and proteins acid at one end and has an anticodon (3 nucleotides)
    Has 2 subunits at the other end
    Large – 60S - Small RNA molecule (75-90 nucleotides long)
    Small – 40s - It contains a series of inverted sequences
    Together they form the complete 80S ribosome that allows folding of the linear RNA molecule
    - When the process of translation begins, the in a cloverleaf configuration
    two units are not united, they unite as the The anticodon of a tRNA can basepair (unite) with a
    process takes place mRNA’s codon
    In every organism the ribosome takes part in protein
    synthesis, it only varies in size

    PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE (enzyme) (inside the


    ribosome), makes the peptide bonds in every amino
    acid

    Initiation – the protein synthesis is initiated


    1. The small ribosomal subunits binds to the
    mRNA and starts the process when it finds the
    start codon, and the initiation tRNA binds to the
    mRNA by the anticodon
    2. The large ribosomal subunit joins to complete
    the ribosome and the translation initiation
    complex
    Elongation – the polypeptide chain (protein) elongates
    1. The tRNA (with its amino acid) that corresponds
    to the next codon (after the start codon) enters
    the ribosome
    - If the anticodon matches the mRNA codon
    the ribosome links the two amino acids
    together in a covalent bond. If not, the
    anticodon is rejected.
    2. The ribosome moves one triplet (codon)
    forward so a new tRNA can enter the ribosome
    3. This process is repeated until a stop codon is
    reached
    - The ribosome moves along the mRNA
    sequence (5’ → 3’) and joins amino acids
    together with peptide bonds (condensation
    reaction)

    Termination
    When the ribosome reaches one of the three stop Important notes
    codons A gene is a sequence of DNA which encodes a
    Termination proteins bind to the ribosome and polypeptide sequence
    releases the polypeptide chain • One gene = one polypeptide (proteins may have
    - When the ribosome is released from the multiple polypeptides)
    mRNA the large and small subunits
    dissociate.
    The synthesis of a polypeptide is initiated at a start
    codon (AUG) and is completed when the ribosome
    reaches a STOP codon

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