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    3.05 - DNA Replication

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    Gaurav Chaudhuri
    1. The document describes DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It provides original DNA strands, complementary DNA strands, mRNA molecules, and corresponding amino acids. 2. Questions are included about the functions of mRNA and tRNA during transcription and translation. mRNA carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes. tRNA helps build amino acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain. 3. Transcription is described as the process where DNA creates mRNA using its nucleotides as a template. Translation is the process where the ribosome reads mRNA to produce a protein using tRNA and amino acids.

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    3.05 - DNA Replication

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Chaudhuri
    67 views3 pages
    1. The document describes DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It provides original DNA strands, complementary DNA strands, mRNA molecules, and corresponding amino acids. 2. Questions are included about the functions of mRNA and tRNA during transcription and translation. mRNA carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes. tRNA helps build amino acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain. 3. Transcription is described as the process where DNA creates mRNA using its nucleotides as a template. Translation is the process where the ribosome reads mRNA to produce a protein using tRNA and amino acids.

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    1. The document describes DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It provides original DNA strands, complementary DNA strands, mRNA molecules, and corresponding amino acids. 2. Questions are included about the functions of mRNA and tRNA during transcription and translation. mRNA carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes. tRNA helps build amino acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain. 3. Transcription is described as the process where DNA creates mRNA using its nucleotides as a template. Translation is the process where the ribosome reads mRNA to produce a protein using tRNA and amino acids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views3 pages

    3.05 - DNA Replication

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Chaudhuri
    1. The document describes DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It provides original DNA strands, complementary DNA strands, mRNA molecules, and corresponding amino acids. 2. Questions are included about the functions of mRNA and tRNA during transcription and translation. mRNA carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes. tRNA helps build amino acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain. 3. Transcription is described as the process where DNA creates mRNA using its nucleotides as a template. Translation is the process where the ribosome reads mRNA to produce a protein using tRNA and amino acids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Valentina Mogollon

    3.05 - DNA Replication Assignment

    DNA Replication:

    Replicate the following strand of DNA:

    Original DNA – ATGAACCATTCAGTATGG

    Complimentary DNA – TACTTGGTAAGTCATACC

    Transcription:

    Transcribe the DNA to make an mRNA molecule

    Complimentary DNA – TACTTGGTAAGTCATACC

    mRNA Molecule – AUGAACCAUUCAGUAUGG

    Translation:

    Translate the mRNA into the corresponding amino acids.

    mRNA Molecule – AUGAACCAUUCAGUAUGG

    Amino Acid – Methionine, Asparagine, Histidine, Serine, Valine, Tryptophan

    Using the DNA sequence provided, determine the amino acids.

    DNA: ATG GGT CTA GCG AAA GAT

    RNA: UAC CCA CAU CGC UUU CUA

    Amino Acid: Tyrosine Proline Histidine Arginine Phenylalanine Leucine


    Questions:

    Using what you have learned in the lesson and the experiment, answer the following questions in
    complete sentences.

    1. What is the function of mRNA?

    The function of messenger RNA, or mRNA, is deliver instructions from DNA to the ribosome, so the
    ribosome knows what protein to make. DNA transcribes to produce the single-stranded mRNA that then
    leaves the nucleus headed to a ribosome. The mRNA carries the protein “instructions” in its codons,
    which are a series of 3 bases. Each codon codes for 1 amino acid. The mRNA’s codons are read by the
    ribosome, and the ribosome then produces the protein. Thus, the function of mRNA is to act as a
    medium between DNA and ribosomes as it carries the blueprints for protein synthesis.

    2. What is the function of tRNA?

    The function of transfer RNA, or tRNA, is to build the amino acid during translation from mRNA to
    protein. tRNAs each have a specific codon (3 base sequences), which acts like a key. The tRNA picks up
    amino acids that matches its codon. It then goes back to ribosomes, where the mRNA is being translated
    into proteins. If the codon on the mRNA matches the codon on the tRNA, then the tRNA temporary
    bonds to the ribosome and releases its amino acid, which then bonds to the longer chain of amino acids.
    Thus, the function of tRNA is help synthesis proteins.

    3. Describe what happens during transcription.

    The process of protein synthesis begins with transcription. Transcription is when DNA creates an
    analogous form of itself in another nuclei acid called mRNA (messenger RNA). This intricate process
    begins with RNA polymerase, which is an enzyme that forms the RNA strand. RNA polymerase first binds
    the DNA segment and unwinds it. The enzyme then looks for transcription promoters, which are
    segments of DNA that tells RNA polymerase to begin transcribing. RNA polymerase, once it finds its
    promoters, is going to begin transcribing, using the DNA strand as a template to form the mRNA strand.
    For every guanine, there is a cytosine transcribed (vice versa). Similarly, for every adenine, there is an
    uracil transcribed. For every thymine, there is an adenine transcribed. After transcribing the mRNA
    strand, the RNA polymerase will reach another segment of DNA that instructs the enzyme to stop.

    4. Describe what happens during translation.

    After transcription in the nucleus, the process of translation occurs in ribosomes. The newly synthesized
    mRNA will leave the nucleus through its nuclear pores and find its way to a ribosome. The mRNA runs its
    codons through the ribosome. The ribosome reads each codon matches it anticodon (complementary
    codon) to a tRNA molecule with the corresponding amino acid. The tRNA temporarily bonds to the
    ribosome and releases its amino acid. The amino acid then bonds to the string of other amino acids
    (which forms the protein). This process repeats until the ribosome reaches the stop codon.

    5. Explain how DNA is used to make a protein.

    The main function for DNA is to form proteins, which produces almost all aspects of our overall
    phenotype. The way a nucleic acid is transferred to a protein is through two vital processes of life, or the
    central dogma process: transcription and translation. Because of how valuable DNA’s instructions are to
    a cell and even organism’s survival, the DNA will never leave the nucleus of the cell (where it is
    protected); so, for the master instructions of DNA to reach a ribosome in the cytoplasm, there is a
    medium called mRNA. mRNA copies the DNA’s master instructions through a process called
    transcription. The mRNA then leaves the DNA and the nucleus in search for a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
    The mRNA finally is read by the ribosome, which attaches corresponding amino acids (building blocks of
    proteins) together based off the base sequence of the mRNA. The final protein is then released from the
    ribosome into the cytoplasm where it may stay in the cell, go to an organelle, for go outside the cell to
    other cells.

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