Resarre Mark Me Lab Report 01

Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology

Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite
TMPC 632 – Mechanical Engineering Lab 1

Lab Report # 01
Lab Experiment # 01: Bomb Calorimeter by Liquid Fuel
Submitted by:
Resarre, Mark R.
BSME TMEC 3-1
February 16, 2022
Submitted to:
Engr. Joshua Malajito

Instructor
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Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1
Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:
EXPERIMENT NO. 01
BOMB CALORIMETER BY LIQUID FUEL
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lab activity experiment, the students would be able to:
o Know how to properly use and operate the setup of a bomb calorimeter;
o Learn how to properly measure the necessary pressure and temperature
needed in the experiment;
o Determine the changes of the samples before and after the experiment;
o Observe the graphical representation of the experiment.
Concepts:
The bomb calorimeter is an instrument used to measure the heat of reaction
at a fixed volume and the measured heat which called the change of internal energy
(ΔE). In chemistry, the changes of heat of a reaction can be measured at fixed
pressure or volume. However, the facts in the field show that mostly can be
measured at fixed pressure because of the ease in designing the apparatus use in
practical work and availability apparatus. For instance, the concept of energy
involved in reaction should be learned with the support of the laboratory activity.
Four essential parts are required in any bomb calorimeter: (1) a bomb or
vessel in which the combustible charges can be burned, (2) a bucket or container
for holding the bomb in a measured quantity of water, together with a stirring
mechanism, (3) an insulating jacket to protect the bucket from transient thermal
stresses during the combustion process, and (4) a thermometer or other sensor for
measuring temperature changes within the bucket.
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The bomb must be a strong, thick-walled metal vessel which can be opened
for inserting the sample, for removing the products of combustion and for cleaning.
Valves must be provided for filling the bomb with oxygen under pressure and for
releasing residual gases at the conclusion of a test. Electrodes to carry an ignition
current to a fuse wire are also required. Since an internal pressure up to 1500 psig
can be developed during combustion, most oxygen bombs are constructed to
withstand pressures of at least 3000 psig.
Where: Q = Calorific Heating Value, Cal/g

mw = mass of water, g
mf = mass of fuel, g
CVw = Specific Heat of water at constant volume, 1 cal/g-°C
T2 = Final Temperature of water

T1 = Initial Temperature of water
Other Units: 1 cal = 4.187 Joules

1 BTU (British Thermal Unit) = 1055 Joules
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Laboratory Setup
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Lab Apparatus
6200 ISO Parabolic Bomb Calorimeter

Model 6200 is a microprocessor controlled,
isoperibol oxygen bomb calorimeter which is widely
used for both routine and occasional calorific tests. A
built-in automatic system for charging the bomb with
oxygen high precision electronic thermometer.
Oxygen Combustion Vessel

Combustion with oxygen in a sealed Parr vessel has
been accepted for many years as a standard method for
converting solid and liquid combustible samples into
soluble forms for chemical analysis.
Pipette
A pipette is a small tube that can transfer liquids
from one container to another and is a common
piece of laboratory equipment.
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Lab Samples
Pellet of Benzoic Acid

Benzoic acid is a white solid with the formula
C₆H₅CO₂H. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid.
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves
as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary
metabolites.
Laboratory Test Procedures

Step 1: Prepare the necessary materials and setup the bomb calorimeter. Verify that
the water reservoir at the back of the calorimeter is filled to the line. Then turn on
the calorimeter and push the calorimeter operation button, and start the heater and
pump by pressing the button indicated to it.
Step 2: Open the valve on the oxygen gas cylinder and set it the pressure regulator
at 450 psi, and allow 20 minutes warm up time.
Step 3: In the sample cup provided, weigh a pellet of benzoic acid on the analytical
balance then record its mass. Record the enthalpy of combustion of benzoic acid as
supplied on the benzoic acid reagent bottle.
Step 4: Place the sample cup on the cup holder and loop a single piece of cotton
thread over the ignition wire. Double the thread on itself, twisting to form a single
strand and feed it into the sample cup.
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Step 5: Using a volumetric pipette, pipette 1 ml of water into the bomb cylinder.
Inspect the sealing ring on the bomb head to ensure that it is in good condition.
Step 6: Lubricate the sealing ring with a drop of water and make that the gas valve
is in the open position and place the bomb head into the bomb cylinder. Push it
down as far as possible without jostling down the sample.
Step 7: Place the screw cap on to the cylinder and tighten it by hand until reaches
the stop. Close the gas outlet valve on the bomb head.
Step 8: Connect the oxygen filling line to the assembled the bomb and slide the
connector over the gas and let fitting, and push it down as far as it will go.
Step 9: Press the O2 fill button on the calorimeter control panel to start the oxygen
filling procedure. It will take almost 60 seconds for the oxygen to fill it. If necessary,
push the O2 button a second time to stop the filling process.
Step 10: Fill the calorimeter bucket with mm ±0.5 grams of deionized water.
Record the mass of the water then place the bucket into the calorimeter and make
sure the three pegs of the bottom of the calorimeter aligned with the indents in the
bottom of the bucket.
Step 11: Attach the lifting handle to the bomb and place it on the side of the
calorimeter. Insert the ignition wire leads into the terminal connections on the bomb
head and lower the bomb into the water.
Step 12: Remove the lifting handle making sure that all water droplets fall back
into the bucket so that the total mass of the water does not change. Check to make
sure that no bubbles are coming out of the bomb assembly.
Step 13: Ensure that the thermistor and stirrer do not contact the bucket bomb or
firing wires, and close the calorimeter cover. Use the operating mode button to
select standardization mode. Then toggle the BOMB/EE button until 1 or
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CHEM1280 is displayed on the panel. Wait for the temperature to stabilize before
pressing the start button. Press abort if there is rattling noise and yes if not.
Step 14: Record and accept the sample ID number provided. Enter the bomb ID as
indicated in the laboratory procedure then enter the sample mass. The instrument
will beep briefly before firing the bomb at which point the operator should move
away from the instrument.
Step 15: Press the temperature graph button on the panel to observe the changes in
temperature and esc to return. When the test is complete, the instrument will beep
briefly and will display the test report. Record the temperature rise.
Step 16: Open the calorimeter cover and disconnect the ignition wire leads and
remove the bucket with the bomb from the calorimeter. Remove the bomb from the
bucket and place it on the laboratory bench.
Step 17: Slowly open the gas outlet valve to release the gas pressure in the bomb.
The pressure will be released with the course of at least 1 minute. After the pressure
is released, unscrew the cap and remove the bomb head from the cylinder. Inspect
the sample cup for the evidence of unburned material.
Step 18: Empty and dry the water bucket and dry the calorimeter components
between runs. After it, grind the sample in a mortar and pestle on the analytical
balance weigh 0.5g of sample into the sample cup and record the mass to the nearest
0.1 mg.
Step 19: Follow the same steps for the standardization of the calorimeter. Be sure
to set the calorimeter operation to determination using the operating mode button.
Step 20: At the end of the experiment, turn of the main valve of the oxygen tank.
Release the pressure by pressing the O2 fill button and turn off the calorimeter using
the power button at the back of the instrument.
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Application Questions
1. What is the importance of the sample in the bomb calorimeter from the
experiment?
o The importance of the sample in the bomb calorimeter is to identify the heat
combustion that will determine the enthalpy of combustion of the sample
through the use of bomb calorimeter in setting the sample to burn that result
in rise of the temperature.
2. Therefore, what is the importance of the lab equipment bomb calorimeter?

o Bomb calorimeters are essential to scientific and theoretical thermodynamic
studies. Its importance is to measures the heat of combustion produced in a
chemical reaction, as well as reaction enthalpy, heats involved in formation,
heats involved in the reaction, and change in enthalpy throughout the
reaction.
3. Give at least 8 samples that you can use on the apparatus and define the
applications for each.
o Coal- The calorific values obtained from a bomb calorimeter represent the
amount of heat produced by a unit weight of coal when totally oxidized.
Furthermore, the combustion products are cooled to room temperature. In
practice, this value is not realized because combustion products are not
cooled to room temperature before being disposed of.
o Solvent- Using a bomb calorimeter, the heat of combustion of liquid
hydrocarbon fuels can be determined. The resulting figures are helpful in
determining the thermal efficiency of equipment used to generate electricity
or heat.
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o Liquid Samples- During the handling of the sample in the experiment,

evaporation of the liquid must be avoided. This is accomplished by bonding
a tape to the crucible rim and using a syringe to inject the liquid through the
tape. In a standard technique, calculate the calorific value of the tape in KJ/g.
Glue the tape to the rim of a crucible. With a sharp knife, trim any overhangs
or corners. Determine the mass of the utilized tape by weighing the crucible
and lid.
o Fine Powder- After being ignited, these materials provide a risk of
exploding, leaving some unburned material on the vessel wall. Weigh a
gelatine capsule before proceeding to the actual dust sample and calculate
its calorific value (CV). After weighing a product, tare the balance after a
new gelatine capsule. Fill half of the capsule with dust, close it, and reweigh
it. This is the sample weight. Enter the gelatine capsule weight in the spike
mass and the gelatine capsule CV in the spike CV. Input the weight of the
dust sample into the sample mass.
o Gel Samples- Butter or grease are examples of a gel-like material. Using a
second spatula, scoop out the approximate amount and place it in the
crucible. Ensure that the material does not end up on the crucible's rim.
o Petroleum Products- This is best done in conjunction with the calorific
value determination in the bomb calorimeter. The contents of the bomb are
poured into a beaker and rinsed with distilled water. The solution is
increased to boiling point by adding hydrochloric acid. To precipitate
sulphuric acid as granular barium sulphate, barium chloride is added drop
by drop to the boiling solution. The precipitate is filtered off over ashless
paper, washed, burned, and weighed as barium sulphate after cooling and
standing for 24 hours.
o Thermal Degradation- - The total heat available is measured in an oxygen
bomb calorimeter by the heat of combustion. Wood has higher heating
values of around 20 kJkg1. The heat of combustion is determined by the
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relative amounts of lignin and holocellulose in the wood, as well as the

extractive content. The heating value of cellulose and hemicellulose is 18.6
kJkg1, whereas the heating value of lignin is 23.2–25.6 kJkg1. Extractives
have higher heating values of 32–37 kJkg1.
o Fuels- In the absence of a bomb calorimeter determination, estimated
values for petroleum oils or tars can be calculated. The associations, on the
other hand, are distinct for each group. The net calorific values for distillate
fuels are roughly 2.8 MJ kg1 (1 200 Btu lb1) less than the gross values, with
heavy fuel oils being about 2.3 MJ kg1 (1 000 Btu lb1).
4. Give 3 mechanical engineering industries that uses bomb calorimeter.
o Coal Powered Power Station
o Steel Plants and Metal Forging Industry
o Construction Industry
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Conclusion
As the sample was being tested in a bomb calorimeter, the graphical
representation shows the rise of the temperature through the course of 12 minutes
as shown in the experiment. The heating filament is comprised of tungsten materials,
and electrical energy is used as an ignition source for the burning of testing fuels.
1g of the sample was placed in the crucible of the bomb calorimeter and electrically
fired to burn in the presence of pure oxygen. Heat was released and a temperature
rise was monitored during the combustion. The effective heat capacity of water was
measured using dry benzoic acid as a fuel. Thus, at the end of the experiment we to
identify the heat combustion that will determine the enthalpy of combustion of the
sample through the use of bomb calorimeter in setting the sample to burn that result
in rise of the temperature.

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Emilio Aguinaldo College

School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology

TMPC 632 – Mechanical Engineering Lab 1

Lab Experiment # 01: Bomb Calorimeter by Liquid Fuel

Engr. Joshua Malajito

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

Where: Q = Calorific Heating Value, Cal/g

T2 = Final Temperature of water

Other Units: 1 cal = 4.187 Joules

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

6200 ISO Parabolic Bomb Calorimeter

Oxygen Combustion Vessel

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

Pellet of Benzoic Acid

Laboratory Test Procedures

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

2. Therefore, what is the importance of the lab equipment bomb calorimeter?

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

o Liquid Samples- During the handling of the sample in the experiment,

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

relative amounts of lignin and holocellulose in the wood, as well as the

Name: Resarre, Mark R. Section: BSME TMEC 3-1

Date Performed: February 16, 2022 Rating:

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