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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Part 1

1. When did the nomads realize that they do not need wander around anymore?

A. When they discovered fire

B. When they learned that they  short life span
C. When they notice that there were many enemies around
D. When they learned how to grow plants and domestic animals

Ans: D. When they learned how to grow plants and domestic animals
- A nomad is a member of community of people who lived in different locations, moving
from one place to another. Once agriculture was develop enough to feed the group or
tribe however, then the need for moving on to new pastures becomes less and less
necessary. As more reliance was placed on cultivated food rather than hunted or
gathered food, so the population stayed  where they were.

2. Who were first men to systematically separate scientific ideas from superstition?

A. Babylonians
B. Greeks
C. Romans
D. Sumerians

Ans: B. Greeks
- Among all ancient people the scientific heritage left by the Greeks is considered the
greatest. Their wise men beginning with Thales and Anaxagoras were the first to
systematically separate scientific ideas from superstition and stressed the logical
development of general principles or theories about natural phenomena.

3. Eurkaryota consist of organism that we have a true nucleus and structure called
organelle that are surrounded b membranes. Which of the following are include the
Domain Euakarya?

I. Animals and Plants

II. Microbes
III. Fungi and Protists
IV. Bacteria

A. I only
B. I and III
C. II and IV
D. II, III and IV

Ans: B. I and III

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- Eukaryota is one of the three domains of life containing organism whose cells have
membrane-bounded organelles, especially the nucleus. Bacteria and Archaea  are
prokaryotes that have none of the characteristics. The kingdom most associated with
Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, Plantae and animalia .

4. Who is considered to be the “first taxonomist”? He wrote De plantis, a work the

contained 1500 species.

A. Bauhin
B. Caesalpino
C. Discorides
D. Theophrastus

Ans: B. Caesalpino
-Caesalpino(1519-1603) an Italian botanist who is sometimes called “the first master
taxonomist”  In 1583, he wrote De plantis, a work that contained 1500 species. His
classificationwas based on growth habit together with the fruit and seed form rather than
alphabetically or by medicinal properties.
Gaspard Bauhin and Caspar Bauhin are swiss bothers who wrote the work Pinax
Theatri Botanici in 1623. The word “pinax” means register and the work is a listing of
6000 species. The bauhin brothers recognized genera and species as major taxonomic
levels. Dioscorides (40-90 AD) was a Greek physician who wrote “De Materia Medica” a
work consisting of about 600 plant species classified based on their medicinal
properties consisting of about 600 plant species classified based on their medicinal
properties. Theophrastus (370-285 BC) was a student of Aristotle and Plato. He wrote a
classification of all known plants, De HistoriaPlantarum, which contained about 480
species . His classification was based on growth form. Linnaeus called him the “father of
botany”.

5. What was the outstanding contribution of the two US zoologists namely, kevin de
Queivorz and Jacques Gauthier?

A. They founded the Cladistic Era

B. They inititated the zoological code
C. They liad the foundation of the PhyloCode
D. They started the construction of evolutionary trees.

Ans: C. They liad the foundation of the PhyloCode

-Two US zoologist by the name of Kevin de Queiroz and Jacques Gauthier initiated the
discussions on a new nomenclature code for all organism called the Phylocode. The
Phylocode suggest a philosophical shift from naming species and species and
subsequently classifying them to naming both species and subsequent classifying them
naming both species and clades. Up to now the Phylocode remains as a draft. It is
controvential and highly debatable.

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6. Who was the Swedish naturalistic who introduce the two-part scientific name.

A. Carolus Linnaeus
B. Charles Darwin
C. Georges-Luise Leclerc de Buffon
D. Oto Knutze

Ans: A. Carolus Linnaeus

-Carl von Linee (1707-1778) or Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist who
authored the global flora species plantarum published in 1573 and and the tenth edition
of Systema Naturae in 1758 including global fauna which indtroducea binary form of
speciesnames called “trivial names” for both plants and animals. His works were
regarded as the basis of modern taxonomy.
Charles Darwin linked species diversity to evolution. He hypothesize that classification
would come to resemble genealogies (evolutionary theory)
Georges0luis leclerc de buffon was a French naturalist who was a known critic of
Linnaeus’ works. He wrote “historie” Naturalle , a 44 volume encyclopedia describing
everything known about the natural world, wrestled with similarities of humans and
apes. Originally, he intended to cover all three “kingdoms” of nature but the “historie
naturelle” ended up being limited to the animal and mineral kingdoms
Otto kuntze was a german botanist who entirely revised the taxonomy in his work
“Revisio Generum Plantarum” (1891) by changing 1000 generic names and 30,000
species names his work was widely rejected.
10. An organism is heterotrophic multicellular whose cells have cell wall. To which
kingdom must it belong?

A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera
D. Plantae

Ans: B. Fungi
-Members of the kingdom Fungi are eukaryotes whose cells have cell walls. Mushroom
molds, yeast and mildrew are all mildew are all examples of organism under this
kingdom. They are considered heterotrophs since they obtain nutrition by releasing
digestive enzymes into a food source and absorbing the digested nutrients.

7. Why do plants use different carbon fixation pathways?

A. To minimize photorespiration
B. To produce more glucose and oxygen
C. The C₃ cycle is not very efficient in making food
D. The C₄ cycle and CAM are very efficient in producing glucose

Ans: A. To minimize photorespiration

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- ON usual problem that many plant encounter is the washing of much solar energy
known as photorespiration. To adapt to photorespiration there are alternate pathways
for carbon fixation namely; C₄ and CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)

8. Which do animals need from their environment in order to surive?

I. Air
II. Food
III. Light
IV. Soil
V. Water

Ans: C. I,II and IV

-animals needs air, food and water, light and soil are more needed by plants

9. Which plant is fount along the seashore or brackish water in the Philippines whose
milky juice poisonous and can cause blindness when it touches the eyes and blister to
the skin?

A. Buta-Buta
B. Pongpong
C. Talumunay
D. Trompeta

Ans: A. Buta-Buta
- Buta-buta is a subtropical evergreen shrub with a woody stem whose milky juice sap
can cause blindess to the eye and blister the yields a potent poison often used for
suicide. Talumpanay is kown for its hallucinogenic properties. It is often used to poison
others by mixing it in tea. Trompeta or angels trumpet is a beautiful plant that can be
deadly for it can cause accelerated heart rate which can be fatal.

10. The Talavera family lives in a Barrio, butch=, the youngest in the family is suffering
from eczema. Which among the following may be used as medicinal plant to address
his condition?

A. Akapulko
B. Niyog-niyogan
C. Sambong
D. Yerba Buena

Ans: A. Akapulko
- Akapulko is known as “ringworm” bush”. It is used o treat ringworm, itchiness eczema
and scabies. Niyog-Niyogan s used  to eliminate intestinal parasites. Sambog is a
medicinal plant and aches due to rheumatism and gout.

11. Which of the following animals has NOT been known to transmit rabies to humans?

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A. Bat
B. Fox
C. Raccoon
D. Rodent

Ans: D. Rodent
- Rabies is a virus that commonly infects mammals. It is transmitted through animal
bites bats, foxes, raccoons, skunks, cats, dogs and rabbits are some animals with
rabies small rodents have been known yet to transmitted rabies to humans.

12. The molecule structure of carbon dioxide is ö = c = ö. What doe this tell you?

A. It is formed through ionic bonding

B. It has a stronger bond compared to carbon monoxide
C. It is composed of two atoms of oxygen have double bond each between their atoms
D. Carbon and oxygen have doubled bond each between their atoms

Ans: D. Carbon and oxygen have doubled bond each between their atoms
-The Octet Rule  requires all atoms in a molecule to have 8 valence electrons either
sharing losing or gaining electrons to become stable. Carbon dioxde has a total of 1
carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms. Each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons whereas
the carbon atom only has 4 valence electrons. Satisfy the Octet Rule, carbon needs 4
more valence electrons. Since each oxygen atom has 3 lone pairs of electrons, they can
each share 1 pair of electrons with carbon; as a result, filling carbon’s outer valence
shell thereby satisfying the Octet Rule. The molecular structure of the result shows a
double bond. A double bond is when two atoms share two pairs od electron with each
other. The double bond is depicted conventionally by two joining the atoms. Each line
represents one pair of shared electrons. This type of bond is much stronger than a
single bond, but less stable.

13.To whom is the formulation of the cell theory attributed?

I. Theodor Schwann
II. Matthias Schleiden
III. Rudulph Virchow

A. I only
B. I and II
C. II only
D. only and III

Ans: B. I and II
- credit for developing cell theory is usually given to two scientist: Theodor Schwann and
Matthias Jakob Schleiden. While Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory, he is not as

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credited for his attribution toward it. In 1855, he added the third component of the theory
proposing that cells come from pre-existing cells.

14. What are the cell tenets of the cell theory?

I.  All living organism are composed of one or more cells

II. Cell is the basic un of structure and organization in organisms
III. Cells arise from pre-existing cells
IV. Cells need nourishment to divide.

A. I, II and III
B. II and III
C. I and II
D. I and III

Ans: A. I, II and III

- The cell theory states:
·         All living organism are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular
·         The cell is the basic unit of life.
·         Cells arise from pre-existing cells.(They are not derived from spontaneous
generation.)

15. Which is NOT a part occurs within cells

A. Energy flow occurs within cells

B. Living organisms may unicellular or multicellular
C. All cells have the same basic chemical compistion
D. Heredity information (DNA) is passes on from cell to cell

Ans: B. Living organisms may unicellular or multicellular

- The modern version of the Cell theory includes the ideas that:
·         Energy flow occurs within cells
·         Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell
·         All cells have the same basic chemical composition

16. With statements is TRUE of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while Prokaryotes do not have

B. Prokaryotes have a nucleus while eukaryotes do not have
C. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have no nucleus
D. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have nucleus

Ans: A. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while Prokaryotes do not have

- The biggest difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have
nucleus. Eukaryotes organize different functions within  specialized membrane-bound
compartments called organelle. These structures do not exist in Prokaryotes.

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17. What is being shown in the renewal of a forest after a fire?

A. Autogenic succession
B. Allogenic succession
C. Primary succession
D. Secondary succession

Ans: D. Secondary succession

- There are two different types of succession: primary succession occurs in essentially
lifeless regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors
as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier.
Secondary succession refers to the concept of an ecosystem reviving itself after all or a
portion has been destroyed. The renewal of a forest after a fire: Th fire itself destroy a
majority of different types of trees and plant life. Because seeds and roots and other
plants and tree parts remain in and on the soil, gradually the plants and trees begin to
grow again and eventually return to the state of the original ecosystem.

18. What is the initial establishment of a plant community in a new area?

A. Aggregation
B. Ecesis
C. Invasion
D. Nudation

Ans: B. Ecesis
- Ecesis is the initial establishment of plan community. It also known as colorization. In
this stage, the early colonizing species proliferate abundantly through germination
growth and reproduction. Aggregation is the increase in a population of the species
which has become established in the area. Nudation is the development of a bare site
uninhabited by any organisms. The process of invasion helps the arrival of seeds spore
from establishment of species.

19. Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

A. A barrel land
B. Formation of new island
C. Evolution of a new animal species
D. Renewal of a crop after harvesting

Ans: B. Formation of new island

- Primary succession is a charge in vegetation which occurs on previously unvegetated
terrain. Examples of where primary succession may take place include the formation of
new islands, on new volcanic rock, and on land formed glacial retreats.

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20. Development that meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs aptly describes ________.
A. ecological development
B. environment integrity
C. environmental potential
D. sustainable development

Ans: D. sustainable development

- Sustainable development is development that needs of present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The definition of sustainability
may taken further and it is widely accepted that to achieve sustainability we must
balance economic, environmental and social factors in equal harmony. This implies that
we need to look after our planet, our resources and our people to ensure that we can
live in a sustainable manner and that we can hand down our planet to our children and
our grandchildren to live true sustainability.

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