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    Assignment - Respiratory System

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    ERIKA JADE TORRES
    This document contains a student's answers to questions about the respiratory system. It describes how the structure of the air passageways changes from the primary bronchi to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. The amount of cartilage decreases while smooth muscle increases. This structural change allows for gas exchange in the alveoli. During exercise, smooth muscle relaxation and contraction can increase the diameter of the airways. Asthma exacerbations make breathing difficult because the airways become inflamed and contract, producing excess mucus.

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    Assignment - Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    ERIKA JADE TORRES
    34 views2 pages
    This document contains a student's answers to questions about the respiratory system. It describes how the structure of the air passageways changes from the primary bronchi to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. The amount of cartilage decreases while smooth muscle increases. This structural change allows for gas exchange in the alveoli. During exercise, smooth muscle relaxation and contraction can increase the diameter of the airways. Asthma exacerbations make breathing difficult because the airways become inflamed and contract, producing excess mucus.

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    ASSIGNMENT - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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    This document contains a student's answers to questions about the respiratory system. It describes how the structure of the air passageways changes from the primary bronchi to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. The amount of cartilage decreases while smooth muscle increases. This structural change allows for gas exchange in the alveoli. During exercise, smooth muscle relaxation and contraction can increase the diameter of the airways. Asthma exacerbations make breathing difficult because the airways become inflamed and contract, producing excess mucus.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views2 pages

    Assignment - Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    ERIKA JADE TORRES
    This document contains a student's answers to questions about the respiratory system. It describes how the structure of the air passageways changes from the primary bronchi to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. The amount of cartilage decreases while smooth muscle increases. This structural change allows for gas exchange in the alveoli. During exercise, smooth muscle relaxation and contraction can increase the diameter of the airways. Asthma exacerbations make breathing difficult because the airways become inflamed and contract, producing excess mucus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

    COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
    ANTIPOLO CAMPUS

    Name: Erika Jade T. Torres Date: April 19, 2022


    Course/Section: BS PHARM 1-B-3

    Please answer the following.

    1. Describe the change in the structure of the air passageways from the
    primary bronchi to the terminal bronchioles and to the alveoli in the lungs.

    - As the air passageways of the lungs become smaller, the structure of their
    wall changes. The amount of cartilage decreases and the amount of smooth
    muscle increases until, at the terminal bronchioles, the walls have a
    prominent smooth muscle layer but no cartilage.

    2. Explain the significance in the change of these structures.

    - The cartilage and mucous membrane of the primary bronchi are similar to that
    in the trachea. As the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the
    amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the
    smallest bronchioles. As the cartilage decreases, the amount of smooth
    muscle increases. The mucous membrane also undergoes a transition from
    ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to simple cuboidal epithelium to
    simple squamous epithelium.
    - The alveolar ducts and alveoli consist primarily of simple squamous
    epithelium, which permits rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    Exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the
    capillaries occurs across the walls of the alveolar ducts and alveoli.
    3. Explain how the air passageways respond during exercise.

    - Relaxation and contraction of the smooth muscle within the bronchi and
    bronchioles can change the diameter of the air passageways. During
    exercise, the diameter can increase, thus increasing the volume of air moved.

    4. Explain why there is difficulty in breathing during asthma exacerbations.

    - During an asthma attack, also called an asthma exacerbation, the airways


    become swollen and inflamed. The muscles around the airways contract and
    the airways produce extra mucus, causing the breathing (bronchial) tubes to
    narrow. During an attack, you may cough, wheeze and have trouble
    breathing.

    References:
    VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. (2019). Seeley’s essentials of anatomy &
    physiology (10th Ed). USA: McGraw Hill Education.
    Famousfaqs. (2022, April 03). Asthma exacerbation. - -
    https://allfamousbirthday.com/faqs/during-an-acute-asthma-
    exacerbation/#:~:text=During%20an%20asthma%20attack%2C%20also%20called%20
    an%20asthma,you%20may%20cough%2C%20wheeze%20and%20have%20trouble%2
    0breathing.
    Dezube,. R. (2021 March). Overview of the Respiratory System.
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/biology-of-the-lungs-
    and-airways/overview-of-the-respiratory-system
    National Cancer Institute. n.d. Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, & Lungs.
    https://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/bronchi.html

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