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11/12
21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World

QUARTER 2
WEEK 5

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX
 1

CapSLET
Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit

21st Century
Literature
from the
SUBJECT & Philippines
QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 DAY -----------------------
GRADE/LEVEL and the dd/mm/yyyy

World

Grade 11/12
TOPIC Intertextuality
Distinguish the literary uses of language from the non-literary
and understand their use as well as the formal features and
conventions of literature.
Code:
LEARNING Objectives:
COMPETENCY EN12Lit-IIe- ∗ List the different ways a literary piece becomes
34 intertextual; and
∗ detect evidences of intertextuality from a literary piece.

IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material.

UNDERSTAND
Intertextuality

Intertextuality is the shaping of a text’s meaning by another text. It is a literary device that
creates an interrelationship between texts and generates related understanding in separate works.
These references are made to influence the reader and add layers of depth to a text, based on the
readers’ prior knowledge and understanding. Examples of intertextuality are an author’s borrowing
and transformation of a prior text, and a reader’s referencing of one text in reading another.

Intertextual Figures

 Allusion – A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical,
cultural, literary, or political significance.

 Quotation – A reference to a statement of other persons, usually well-known or experts on a

field or discipline. At times, the reference is without mention of the person from whom the
quotation is quoted, when the statement is popular one. This device is often used in nonfiction
than in fiction.

 Parody – A parody imitates or mocks another serious work or type of literature. Like
caricature in art, parody in literature mimics a subject or a style. The purpose of a parody may
be to ridicule through broad humor. On the other hand, a parody may broaden understanding
or add insight to the original work.

 Pastiche – A pastiche is written in tribute to a work of literature. It imitates the style or

character of another work. The imitation may be comical.

Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX
 2

Joanne Rowling (1965- ) or J.K. Rowling is best known for

writing the Harry Potter fantasy series, which has won multiple
awards and sold more than 500 million copies. Harry Potter and
the Sorcerer's Stone, was published in 1997 with six sequels, of
which the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was
released in 2007. Since then, Rowling has written five books for
adult readers: The Casual Vacancy (2012) and—under the
pseudonym Robert Galbraith—the crime fiction Cormoran Strike
series, which consists of The Cuckoo's Calling (2013), The
Silkworm (2014), Career of Evil (2015), and Lethal White (2018).

SAQ-1: How does intertextuality reflect the nature of literature as inspiration for writers?
SAQ-2: What effect does intertextuality have on you as a reader of 21 st Century literature?

Let’s Practice! (Write your answers on a separate sheet.)

The Tales of Beedle the Bard first appeared as a fictional book in Chapter 21 of J. K. Rowling’s
2007 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. It is a collection of stories written for young wizards and
witches by Beedle the Bard. It was published by Chelf Press and had original illustrations by Luxo
Karuzos. In the novel, the book is bequeathed to Hermione Granger by Albus Dumbledore, former
headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It is described as a popular collection of
Wizarding children’s fairy tales, so that while Ron Weasley is familiar with the stories, Harry Potter
and Hermione Granger had not previously heard of them due to their non-magical upbringing.

Directions : Below is The Tale of the Three Brothers, one of the stories from The Tales of Beedle
the Bard, read and then do the tasks that follow.

“There were once three brothers who were traveling along a lonely, winding road at twilight.
In time, the brothers reached a river too deep to wade through and too dangerous to swim across.
However, these brothers were learned in the magical arts, and so they simply waved their wands
and made a bridge appear across the treacherous water. They were halfway across it when they
found their path blocked by a hooded figure.

And Death spoke to them. He was angry that he had been cheated out of three new victims,
for travelers usually drowned in the river. But Death was cunning. He pretended to congratulate the
three brothers upon their magic and said that each had earned a prize for having been clever enough
to evade him.

So the oldest brother, who was a combative man, asked for a wand more powerful than any
in existence: a wand that must always win duels for its owner, a wand worthy of a wizard who had
conquered Death! So Death crossed to an elder tree on the banks of the river, fashioned a wand
from a branch that hung there, and gave it to the oldest brother.

Then the second brother, who was an arrogant man, decided that he wanted to humiliate
Death still further, and asked for the power to recall others from Death. So Death picked up a stone
from the riverbank and gave it to the second brother, and told him that the stone would have the
power to bring back the dead.

And then Death asked the third and youngest brother what he would like. The youngest
brother was the humblest and also the wisest of the brothers, and he did not trust Death. So he
asked for something that would enable him to go forth from that place without being followed by
Death. And death, most unwillingly, handed over his own Cloak of Invisibility.

Then Death stood aside and allowed the three brothers to continue on their way, and they
did so, talking with wonder of the adventure they had had, and admiring Death’s gifts. In due
course the brothers separated, each for his own destination.

Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX
 3

The first brother traveled on for a week or more, and reaching a distant village, sought out a
fellow wizard with whom he had a quarrel. Naturally with the Elder Wand as his weapon, he could
not fail to win the duel that followed. Leaving his enemy dead upon the floor, the oldest brother
proceeded to an inn, where he boasted loudly of the powerful wand he had snatched from Death
himself, and of how it made him invincible.

That very night, another wizard crept upon the oldest brother as he lay, wine-sodden, upon
his bed. The thief took the wand and, for good measure, slit the oldest brother’s throat.

And so Death took the first brother for his own.

Meanwhile, the second brother journeyed to his own home, where he lived alone. Here he
took out the stone that had the power to recall the dead, and turned it thrice in his hand. To his
amazement and his delight, the figure of the girl he had once hoped to marry, before her untimely
death, appeared at once before him.

Yet she was sad and cold, separated from him as by a veil. Though she had returned to the
mortal world, she did not truly belong there and suffered. Finally the second brother, driven mad
with hopeless longing, killed himself so as truly to join her.

And so Death took the second brother for his own.

But though Death searched for the third brother for many years, he was never able to find
him. It was only when he had attained a great age that the youngest brother finally took off the
Cloak of Invisibility and gave it to his son. And then he greeted Death as an old friend, and went
with him gladly, and, equals, they departed this life.”

A. Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement is false.

____ 1. The three brothers reached the river and were halfway across the bridge that had been
built over it when they saw a hooded figure.
____ 2. Death was happy to finally find people who could evade him.
____ 3. The oldest brother wanted the Elder wand to be more powerful than any other wizards.
____ 4. Death gave the second brother a stone that enabled him to speak with the dead.
____ 5. The youngest brother asked for the Cloak of Invisibility but Death refused.
____ 6. The oldest brother was murdered and robbed after he had boasted about the wand.
____ 7. The second brother was killed by the ghost of his fiancé.
____ 8. The Cloak made the youngest brother immortal.

B. If you were one of the brothers, what would you ask for if you were in the similar situation?
Why? Write your answer on a separate sheet.

REMEMBER
Key Points

 Intertextuality is the shaping of a text’s meaning by another text. It is the interconnection

between similar or related works of literature that reflect and influence an audience's
interpretation of the text.
 The structure of intertextuality in turn depends on the structure of influence.
 Intertextuality is a literary discourse strategy utilised by writers in novels, poetry, and theater
and even in non-written texts (such as performances and digital media). Examples of
intertextuality are an author's borrowing and transformation of a prior text, and a reader's
referencing of one text in reading another.
 Intertextual figures include allusion, quotation, parody and pastiche.

Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX
4
 TOPIC Dystopian Fiction
Explain the biographical, linguistic and sociocultural contexts
and discuss how they enhance the text’s meaning and the
reader’s understanding.
Code:
LEARNING Objectives:
COMPETENCY EN12Lit-IIf-  Define dystopia as a subtype of speculative fiction;
28  list the defining characteristics of dystopian fiction; and
 identify social realities in a sample text of dystopian fiction.

UNDERSTAND
Dystopian Fiction

Speculative fiction includes tales that bring the readers out of their ordinary lives and make
them feel as if they are living in a different reality. And yet, in the end, these stories tell something
about the realities of life, and they are often filled with social commentary. One subtype of
speculative fiction is dystopian fiction. Dystopian fiction is used to explore social and political
systems in a society characterized by poverty, and oppression that is dehumanizing and frightening.
Dystopian fiction then can be used to educate and warn about the dangers of these structures. A
dystopia is an antonym of a utopia, which is a perfect society.
Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX
 5

Five Characteristics of Dystopian Fiction

o Government Control. The government plays a big role in dystopian literature. There is either
no government or an oppressive ruling institution or class.

o Technological Control. Science and technology in dystopian stories go beyond its use to
improve life. Technology is often depicted as a controlling, omnipresent force and is often
used to instil fear among the population.

o Environmental Disaster. Dystopian novels often have settings that are inhabitable, in ruins, or
are preparing for destruction.

o Survival. Dystopian world in ruins and with an oppressive system often leave its inhabitants to
fight for survival.

o Loss of Individualism. The needs of society are pitted against individual needs. Dystopian
futures warn about the dangers of conformity.

Margaret Eleanor Atwood (1939- ) is the author of more than 50 books

of fiction, poetry, critical essays, and graphic novels. Her latest novel,
The Testaments , is a co-winner of the 2019 Booker Prize. It is the long-
awaited sequel to The Handmaid’s Tale (1985). Her other works of
fiction include Cat’s Eye, finalist for the 1989 Booker Prize; Alias
Grace, which won the Giller Prize in Canada and Premio Mondello in
Italy; The Blind Assassin, winner of the 2000 Booker Prize; The
MaddAddam Trilogy; and Hag Seed. She is the recipient of numerous
awards, including the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade, The Franz
Kafka International Literary Prize, and the PEN Center USA Lifetime
Achievement Award.

SAQ-1: How relevant is dystopian fiction in the 21 st Century?

SAQ-2: How is dystopian fiction based on facts and realities?

Let’s Practice! (Write your answers on a separate sheet.)

Oryx and Crake is a 2003 novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. It was shortlisted for
the 2003 Booker Prize for Fiction, as well as for the 2004 Orange Prize for Fiction. It takes place in a
world where genetic engineering is considered second nature. A man, once named Jimmy, now calls
himself Snowman and lives in a tree, wrapped in old bedsheets. The voice of Oryx, the woman he
loved, haunts him. And the green-eyed Children of Crake are, for some reason, his responsibility.

Directions: Identify the meaning of the following words found in the literary text below by
looking at the context (words, phrases or clauses surrounding the highlighted words) of the sentence.
Write the letter of the correct answers.

1. They offer options to employees of both 4. Polluting the ocean might nuke the
the parent and subsidiary companies. coral reefs, which might as well reduce
A. a company partnering with the population of sea animals.
another company A. build
B. a company controlled by B. save
a holding company C. deform
C. a company independent of D. destroy
another company
D. a company more powerful than
other companies

Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX
 6

2. The mob could always use an 5. She was found bludgeoned to death in
experienced trigger man! the basement.
A. police officers A. photographed repeatedly
B. criminal organizations B. tested repeatedly
C. security agents C. hung repeatedly
D. goons D. beaten repeatedly

3. His attacker whacked him on the head.

A. strike forcefully
B. strike softly
C. strike carefully
D. strike repeatedly

The following is Happicuppa, an excerpt from the 2003 novel Oryx and Crake by
Margaret Atwood. Read and do the tasks that follow.

The wars were over the Happicuppa bean, developed by a HelthWyzer subsidiary. Until then
the individual coffee beans on each bush had ripened at different times and had needed to be
handpicked and processed and shipped in small quantities, but the Happicuppa coffee bush was
designed so that all of its beans would ripen simultaneously and coffee could be grown on huge
plantations and harvested with machines. This threw the small growers out of business and reduced
both them and their labourers to starvation-level poverty.

The resistance movement was global. Riots broke out, crops were burned, Happicuppa cafes
were looted, Happicuppa personnel were car-bombed or kidnapped or shot by snipers or beaten to
death by mobs; and, on the other side, peasants were massacred by the army. Or by the armies,
various armies; a number of countries were involved. But the soldiers and dead peasants all looked
much the same wherever they were. They looked dusty. It was amazing how much dust got stirred
up in the course of such events.

“Those guys should be wacked.”

“Which ones? The peasants? Or the guys killing them?”

“The latter. Not because of the dead peasants, there’s always been dead peasants. But
they’re nuking the cloud forests to plant this stuff.”

“The peasants would do that too if they had half a chance.”

“You’re taking sides?”

“There aren’t any sides, as such.”

Nothing much to be said to that. “Let’s change channels,” he said.

But there was Happicuppa coverage, it seemed, wherever you turned. There were protests
and demonstrations, with tear gas and shooting and bludgeoning; then, more protests, more
demonstrations, more tear gas, more shooting, more bludgeoning. This went on day after day.
There hadn’t been anything like it since the first decade of the century. Crake said it was history in
the making.

Don’t Drink Death! Said the posters. Union dockworkers in Australia, where they still had
unions, refused to unload Happicuppa cargoes; in the United States, a Boston Coffee Party sprang
up. There was a staged media event, boring because there was no violence. They were filmed
dumping Happicuppa products into the harbor, but none of the boxes sank. So there was the
Happicuppa logo, lots of copies of it, bobbing around on the screen. It could have been a
commercial.

“Makes me thirsty,” said Jimmy.

Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX
 7

Uncle Pete sometimes watched too, in the evenings, when he was back from the golf course.
He’d pour himself a drink, then provide a running commentary. “The usual uproar,” he said.
“They’ll get tired of it, they’ll settle down. Everybody wants a cheaper cup of coffee- you can’t fight
that.”

Directions: Read the following questions then write your brief answers on a separate sheet.

1. The story that you have read is an example of a dystopian fiction. How can you describe the
characteristics of dystopia based on the story?
2. What are the characteristics of dystopia that makes it a subtype of speculative fiction? Relate
your answers based on the story the story.
3. What particular problems in real world could be deemed similar to what is happening in the
story? Give at least two problems. Expound your answer/s.

REMEMBER
Key Points

 Speculative Fiction encompasses a number of different genres, each with speculative elements
that are based on conjecture and do not exist in the real world. Dystopian literature is a genre of
fictional writing used to explore social and political structures in ‘a dark, nightmare world.’
 Happicuppa, an excerpt from the novel Oryx and Crake, talks about how genetic engineering
took place especially in the production of Happicuppa beans; thus, all the beans would ripen
simultaneously, coffee could be grown on huge plantations and could be harvested by
machines. The production was made efficient; hence, a cheaper price was set. But, this caused
chaos among the people, for it had taken away the jobs of small growers and laborers, and they
believed that it could do more harm than good to the people.
 For further readings:

BOOKS
Source: Marikit Tara A. Uychoco, 21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World Manila: Rex Book Store, 2016, 147, 164-166

Source: Rolando A. Bernales, Creative Writing: A Journey, Malabon City.

Mutya Publishing House, Inc., 2017, 1-458

Source: Joanne K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,

Wilkinsburg, PA. Scholastic Corporation, 2007, 405

WEBSITES
REFERENCE/S Source: “Biography,” Margaret Atwood, 2020, accessed August 03,
2020, http://margaretatwood.ca/biography/

Source: “The Tales of Beedle the Bard,” J.K. Rowling, n.d., accessed July 28,
2020, https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/The_Tales_of_Beedle_the_Bard

Source: “What is Dystopian Fiction? Learn About the 5 Characteristics of Dystopian Fiction
with Examples,” MasterClass, October 09, 2019, accessed August 03, 2020,
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-dystopian-fiction-learn-about-the-5-
characteristics-of-dystopian-fiction-with-examples#whats-the-difference-between-utopia-

PHOTOGRAPHS
Source: Debra Hurford Brown, J.K. Rowling, photograph, 2018, accessed July 28, 2020,
https://www.jkrowling.com/about/

Source: Mike Coppola/Getty Images, Margaret Atwood, photograph, 2018,

accessed August 03, 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Atwood

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Written by: MARION B. GUERRERO (SST-II) DPLMHS Stand-Alone Senior High School
& JEANINE N. TORINO (SST-II) Regional Science High School for Region IX