ATT-002-290-210 v14
ATT-002-290-210 v14
ATT-002-290-210 v14
ATT-002-290-210
Antenna Azimuth, Tilting, and Plumb Standard
Abstract:
This document describes the accuracy tolerance criteria for antenna alignment (azimuth), tilting, and plumb
during installation or adjustment.
Audience:
Center(s): System(s): Region(s):
Effective Date: This document does not apply to antenna installations that are in
process on or before the publication date. Document compliance will
be required by 60 days post publication date.
Published : Issue 14, 09/09/19
Expires On: NA
Issuing Department:
Business Unit:
Author(s)/Owner(s):
Ming-Ju Ho ATTUID mh8532
Table Of Contents
General
Reason For Current Issue
1. About This Document 1
1.1. Purpose 1
1.2. Audience 1
1.3. Related Documentation 2
2. Introduction 2
2.1. Antenna Azimuth, Plumb and Tilt Report Submission 2
3. Antenna Plumb (Roll) 2
4. Antenna Azimuth (heading, horizontal, left and right) 3
4.1. GPS Based Alignment Method 3
4.2. Compass Based Alignment Method 3
5. Antenna Mechanical Downtilts (elevation, up and down) 4
5.1. Sunsight Mechanical Downtilt Measurement Examples 4
5.2. 3Z Telecom Mechanical Downtilt Measurement Examples 6
5.3. Multiwave Sensors Mechanical Downtilt Measurement Example 7
6. Antenna Mounting Height Verification 8
7. Acknowledgements 9
8. Contact List 9
9. Acronyms 10
9.1. Document Specific Acronyms 10
9.2. Acronyms Dictionary 10
Revision Log 10
A. Appendix - Compass Based Measurement Method 13
A.A. Magnetic Declination Overview 13
A.B. Alternative Azimuth Measurement Technique for Water Tanks 16
A.C. Alternative Azimuth Measurement Technique for Building Rooftops 18
B. GPS Based Measurement Tool 18
B.A. Sunsight AAT 20
B.A.A. Sunsight AAT-30, AAT-15, and MW15 23
B.B. 3Z RF Aligner 34
B.C. 3Z RF Vision 42
B.D. Multiwave Sensors - Smart Aligner System 44
General
All Methods and Procedures in this document adhere to AT&T’s competition policy which includes compliance with
the section 272 (e)(1) parity service requirements with respect to exchange and exchange access services, and
employees are reminded to consult with Legal regarding any section 272(e)(1) issues or questions. Section 272(e)
(1): A Telco shall fulfill any requests from an unaffiliated entity for telephone exchange service and exchange
access within a period no longer than the period in which it provides such telephone exchange service and
exchange access to itself or to its affiliates.
To view updated content in a document, look for the green 'NEW/UPDATED' indicators. Use the arrows to navigate to
the previous or next NEW/UPDATED indicators, if they exist. Authors making content changes may choose not to use
the indicator for updates, e.g., spelling corrections.
1.1. Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide the accuracy tolerance criteria for antenna alignment (azimuth), tilting
and plumb during antenna installation or adjustment and to identify the measurement tools and methods that will
render the measurements.
1.2. Audience
The audience for this document is AT&T and contractor personnel as well as AT&T site antenna installers.
2. Introduction
Antenna azimuth (orientation), mechanical tilt, and plumb are key parameters of an quality antenna installation.
Azimuth and mechanical tilt are specified by the RF engineer in the RFDS to maximize coverage, performance, and
capacity. Excessive error between the designed and actual antenna installation may result in degraded network
performance.
NOTE:
NOTE:
A maximum aiming accuracy of ± 3o is allowed for all panel (directional) antennas
NOTE:
Any method using a handheld GPS is not considered adequately accurate and therefore not endorsed for
aligning antennas.
NOTE:
The reading from a compass can be inaccurate if used near any sources of magnetic field interference (i.e.,
a large metal structure, power lines or electric motors).
NOTE:
Under NO circumstance are compasses to be used directly on tower structures due to interference from
structural steel.
NOTE:
Compasses are not allowed to be used on rooftops for final verification of an azimuth setting.
Antennas vertical beamwidth (VBW) depends upon the antenna size, gain and operating frequency. A high frequen-
cy band antenna typically has a narrower VBW and will be more sensitive to antenna downtilting inaccuracy. Exces-
sive error between the designed and actual antenna installation may result in degraded network performance.
NOTE:
A maximum downtilt accuracy of ± 1.0o is allowed for all panel (directional) antennas. Please note that omni
antennas radiate a 360o horizontal pattern and should not be tilted.
All mechanical downtilts are measured by using a digital level or angle protractor or some GPS based antenna
alignment tool (AAT) on the antenna. The digital level or angle protractor is placed on the back of the antenna in
order to determine the actual mechanical downtilt. If the GPS based antenna alignment tool is used, manufacturer's
instructions for proper mounting of the AAT and making measurements must be followed. If there is a difference
between the actual and the location of the pin for the downtilt on the bracket, the mounting pipe is probably not
plumb and level. In this instance, the mounting pipe should be plumbed and the antenna downtilt rechecked for
correctness.
Sunsight AAT also has the functionality to create a report with the pictures to the screen captures that have all the
alignment data embedded in the picture. Note that full site reports with all pictures (before and after) are also availa-
ble. Read the operation instructions and contact Sunsight for further details.
These downtilt measurement appear on the back of the device screen and in the generated report. Read the
operating instructions or contact 3Z Telecom for further details regarding measurement report.
Multiwave has available the Smart Aligner application available for use on the Apple and Android phones for
download on the respective app store. Read the Multiwave AAT operating instructions and/or contact Multiwave for
further details regarding the Application usage.
antenna alignment tools (AATs). Laser measurement devices can be used to check antenna height positioned on
the ground via a tripod. If laser measure devices indicate that the antenna height is incorrect, this must be verified
using a tape drop or a licensed surveyor. Laser measurements, only, cannot be used as the basis for a defect.
7. Acknowledgements
• Market RANs: Roger Tyson (Carolina), Rachid Grib (Northern California), Mike Katra (Philly), David Hunt
(Philly), Tracy Andre (Louisiana), Henry Oshiro (Hawaii), Vamshee Gunturu (Arizona), Roger Galvin
(SFL).
8. Contact List
9. Acronyms
MB Magnetic Bearing
MD Magnetic Declination
Revision Log
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
To determine local declination adjustments, use the National Geographical Data Center (NGDC) data from the
International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model. This on-line calculation tool can be found on the web
at:http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag-web/#declination
NOTE:
A high level of certainty can be achieved by plotting sector azimuth on an aerial photograph and matching
physical reference points along the azimuth lines with compass readings. Be careful to check for "refer-
ence point skewing" where the antenna location has been shifted relative to the ground due to aerial
photography techniques. This will make the use of ground reference points invalid.
tion of maximum gain as viewed from the top of the antenna. This is best accompanied by the climber creating an
imaginary line from the back center of the antenna, through the front center of the antenna and to a point in the
distance. The ground technician then moves into this imaginary line in order to record the actual azimuth of the
antenna. Using a good quality survey compass, such as the Suunto KB-14, the ground technician then visually
aligns his compass centerline to the centerline of the antenna and measured that point as shown in Figure 4.
Separate measurements are to be taken for each antenna in the sector. If antenna azimuths are being set, the
ground technician measures the correct location on the ground and the climber turns the antenna to that point. The
ground location is determined by viewing the antenna face (or mounting pipe) and moving into a position that yields
the correct azimuth. This location is marked for the antenna to be turned toward. Each antenna location should
have a mark to be turned to. Care should be taken when tightening the antenna mounting clamp bolts so that the
antenna does not shift, affecting the azimuth. After completing the azimuth measurements with the climber, the
ground technician verifies the azimuth from the ground by taking a number of readings along the same azimuth line
in front of the antenna and/or by having the climber align the ground technician with the line along the back of the
antenna (90o from the direction of maximum gain). The two measurements should agree within tolerance.
All azimuths - whether recording or setting - must be verified by a second measurement. This is accomplished by a
second reading, from in front of the antenna, further or closer to the antenna, or a second reading from the side
(±90o) of the antenna using the backplane of the antenna. These reading must agree within 2o of each other.
NOTE:
Under NO circumstance are compasses to be used directly on tower structures due to interference from
structural steel.
NOTE:
Compasses are not allowed to be used on rooftops for final verification of azimuth setting.
https://www.terraserver.com/
https://www.google.com/earth/
Antenna azimuths are plotted from the specific antenna locations for each sector on building roof tops. All aerial
photo plots should be verified with compass measurements when possible. This is accomplished by determining the
bearing of a wall of the structure (by plotting it on the aerial photographer) and verifying that bearing on the ground
with the compass. The azimuth of an antenna can be used if there is a clear area to record the azimuth with a
compass on a sector. Once the azimuth orientation plots are completed, specific objects along the azimuth lines are
identified and the antennas are aligned to these objects using the same method used by aiming the tower anten-
nas.
NOTE:
Under NO circumstance are compasses to be used directly on building rooftops due to potential magnetic
interference from structural steel.
may be added in the future upon successful demonstration. Antenna installers should receive proper measurement
tool training from the measurement tool vendor and use the specified equipment tool vendor provided mounting
brackets for mounting the GPS based measurement tools onto specified antennas. Where applicable, Antenna
Alignment Tool (AAT) mounting brackets designed for specific antennas by the AAT manufacturer shall be used.
Generic or “general use” brackets shall not be used unless it is confirmed by the AAT manufacturer that using the
generic mounting bracket to mount the AAT will provide accurate results. Example: When mounting the Sunsight
AAT on an Ericsson Antenna Integrated Radio (AIR) antenna, the Sunsight AIR antenna bracket shall be used.
Measurements taken using the general purpose mounting bracket will not be accepted.
The specific vendor side mounting brackets for each AAT are attached to the antenna via a strap or clamp of
various lengths per AAT vendor. Please confirm the circumference of the antenna (2x Width + 2x Depth) via anten-
na specification sheet and the length of the mounting strap before attempting to attach any vendor's side mounting
AAT to the antenna.
Side mounting AAT kits are the preferred method to attach an AAT to antenna prior to making orientation and plumb
(roll) measurements as this provided a more accurate attachment and resultant downtilt and plumb measurement
because the top of antenna radomes are not flat.
http://www.sunsight.com
Sunsight Instruments worked in partnership with Ericsson to develop a reliable AAT specific mount for the Ericsson
AIR Antenna Models (AIR11, AIR21, and AIR32). The mount has to connect to the AIR Antenna in a manner that
will ensure proper alignment of the AAT and that will be repeatable from antenna to antenna. While the AIR Anten-
na Mount for the Sunsight Classic AAT has an arrowhead shape slightly similar to the standard side mount provided
in the Sunsight Classic AAT base kit, it is a different mount (in many ways) from the standard side mount. The
standard mount CANNOT be mounted to any AIR Antenna and will yield inaccurate, unreliable and unacceptable
results. See the photos below for comparison of the AIR Antenna and standard mount:
Sunsight AAT users are to use the AIR Antenna Mount when setting or measuring azimuth and downtilt on the
Ericsson AIR Antenna Models. Refer to the training video on the Sunsight website for proper installation and use of
the Classic AAT on the AIR Antenna Mount.http://www.sunsight.com/trainingv1/ . AT&T will not accept results
obtained using the incorrect mount. ** Note: The early AIR21 Antenna Mounts only supported the AIR21 Antenna. If
you have this earlier version, it can be modified to the latest specifications. Contact Sunsight for details.
Figure 13: Sunsight AAT Classic AIR21 specific and standard mount
Figure 14: Sunsight AAT Classic AIR21 specific and standard mount
Dimensions (LxWxH) 17” x 3.8” x 1.7” 20” x 3.8” x 1.7” 20” x 3.8” x1.7”
Heading Accuracy rms +/- 0.3 degree rms +/- 0.15 degree rms +/- 0.08 degree rms
Heading Accuracy R99 +/- 0.75 degree +/- 0.40 degree +/- 0.40 degree
Tilt/Roll +/- 0.1 degree +/- 0.1 degree +/- 0.1 degree
Humidity 95%
The Sunsight AAT side mounting kit has a standard mounting strap of length 55” to go around the circumference of
the antenna. Longer length mounting straps can be ordered as necessary to accommodate wider or deeper anten-
nas. The Sunsight AAT30, AAT15, MW15 have longer length straps available. Please contact Sunsight for current
strap options.
Figure 18: Sunsight Air Antenna for the AAT30, AAT15 and MW15
The AAT30, AAT15, MW15 units use a new mounting bracket for Ericsson AIR antennas This new mount works
with the AIR11, AIR21, and AIR32 antennas. This mount is not compatible with the Classic AAT. Part # 2100 Air
Antenna Mount (Required for Ericsson AIR11, AIR21, and AIR32 Antenna Alignment)
The AntennaView Camera Mounting System (ACMS) allows the user to take photos of “what the antenna sees” on
the horizon as well as an additional photo documenting correct AAT mounting.
With the introduction of the VRIR upgrade for the AntennAlign Alignment Tool (AAT), Sunsight integrates alignment
records with Google Earth to allow the following functions:
• Visually identify potential interference or signal corruption from obstacles in the path of antenna transmis-
sion
Figure 22: Simulate bore site radiation based on azimuth and tilt
Sunsight has created a Microwave Path Alignment System to align microwave antennas. The MW15 kit provides
real-time path alignment of both ends of the link simultaneously (US Patent 9,781,233). The MW15 Kit Performs
both RF Panel and Microwave Path Alignment.
The MW15 Universal Mounting system fits microwave shielded, unshielded and rectangular microwave antennas
from 1 foot to 12 feet in diameter.
https://sunsight.com/Downloads/Microwave%20Path%20Alignment%20Kit%20Instructions.pdf
You may download this file from the online version of this document.
B.B. 3Z RF Aligner
http://www.3ztelecom.com/
Technical Specifications
3Z RF Aligner
Accuracy
LCD Display
Interface Touchscreen
Battery
When mounting any of the 3Z RF Antenna Alignment Tools, on an Ericsson Antenna Integrated Radio (AIR) anten-
na, the 3Z AIR Mount (Model No. 3ZRFA-A32BK) shall be used. Measurements taken using the general purpose
mounting bracket will not be accepted.
3Z Telecom has available a standard side mounting clamp (part # 3ZRFA-SC1) that can support a microwave dish
of 2.5ft in diameter and a 8ft length strap (part # 3ZRFA-SC-WEB6P) for mounting their side mounting bracket to
directional antennas.
Longer length mounting straps supporting up to 6ft diameter microwave dishes and up to 19ft for side mounting
attachment to directional antennas are available upon request (Part # 3ZRFA-SC-WEB10P).
B.C. 3Z RF Vision
Technical Specifications
3Z RF Vision
Accuracy
LCD Display
Interface Touchscreen
Size 5” (12.7cm)
Battery
Training and Support is available by contacting 3Z Telecom or you can visit www.3ztelecom.com . 3Z Telecom
offer Alignment Tool Certification and it is available by either contacting them or visiting there website www.3ztele-
com.com/training-registration/
Multiwave Sensors originally designed the Smart Aligner System so that the tool mounted to the Universal Mounting
Bracket as shown above. When the Ericsson AIR 21 Antenna was introduced to the market, the standard bracket
could not address the curved back plane of the AIR21, thus a specific AIR 21 Bracket was designed and approved
by Ericsson. The specific mounting plate for use with Ericsson's AIR21 antenna, that is mounted on the top of the
AIR21 antenna, uses the lifting ring as the securing point. The self contained Screw Knob is engaged and securely
fastens the Bracket to the Antenna. It provides the base in which the compass tool is mounted; therefore, for the
Ericsson AIR21 antenna, the Multiwave Sensors standard Smart Aligner Bracket is also not appropriate or
required.
Multiwave updated Universal Mounting Bracket for use with Microwave Drum antennas
Multiwave has updated the standard Universal Mounting Bracket to be used with Microwave Drum and Parabolic
antennas. Additional mounting holes were added to the Universal Mounting Bracket facilitating easy fastening of the
Smart Aligner Tool to the Bracket.
Figure 48: Smart Aligner connected to Microwave antenna via Universal Bracket
The Multiwave mounting strap is 15ft in length to support connection to microwave dishes and directional panel
antennas.
Microwave-alignment-using-the-Smart-Aligner.pdf
You may download this file from the online version of this document.
http://www.multiwavesensors.com/antenna-alignment/
Specification documentation, product manuals and training videos are located at http://www.multiwavesensors.com
in the Antenna Alignment section.