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    Loci in The Argand Diagram LESSON

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    Misum Ali
    The document discusses loci in the Argand diagram. It defines three main loci - circles, perpendicular bisectors, and half-lines. Circles are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = r, with z1 as the center and r as the radius. Perpendicular bisectors are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = |z - z2|, dividing the line between z1 and z2 evenly. Half-lines are represented by equations of the form arg(z - z1) = θ, with z1 as the starting point and θ as the angle from the positive real axis. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of loci.

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    Loci in The Argand Diagram LESSON

    Uploaded by

    Misum Ali
    41 views3 pages
    The document discusses loci in the Argand diagram. It defines three main loci - circles, perpendicular bisectors, and half-lines. Circles are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = r, with z1 as the center and r as the radius. Perpendicular bisectors are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = |z - z2|, dividing the line between z1 and z2 evenly. Half-lines are represented by equations of the form arg(z - z1) = θ, with z1 as the starting point and θ as the angle from the positive real axis. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of loci.

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    Loci in the Argand Diagram LESSON

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    The document discusses loci in the Argand diagram. It defines three main loci - circles, perpendicular bisectors, and half-lines. Circles are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = r, with z1 as the center and r as the radius. Perpendicular bisectors are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = |z - z2|, dividing the line between z1 and z2 evenly. Half-lines are represented by equations of the form arg(z - z1) = θ, with z1 as the starting point and θ as the angle from the positive real axis. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of loci.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views3 pages

    Loci in The Argand Diagram LESSON

    Uploaded by

    Misum Ali
    The document discusses loci in the Argand diagram. It defines three main loci - circles, perpendicular bisectors, and half-lines. Circles are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = r, with z1 as the center and r as the radius. Perpendicular bisectors are represented by equations of the form |z - z1| = |z - z2|, dividing the line between z1 and z2 evenly. Half-lines are represented by equations of the form arg(z - z1) = θ, with z1 as the starting point and θ as the angle from the positive real axis. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of loci.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

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    com

    Loci in the Argand Diagram

    Starter
    1. (Review of last lesson) Convert 1 − i to [r,  θ ] form.

    π
    2. (Review of last lesson) Express the complex number 6 cis  in Cartesian form.
    3

    3. Let z1 = 5 + 4i and let z2 = 1 − i.


    (a) Find | z1 − z2 | .
    (b) State what | z1 − z2 | represents geometrically.

    Notes
    The topic of loci (pronounced “low-sigh”) was studied at GCSE — it can also be used on the
    Argand diagram.

    There are three main loci: circles, perpendicular bisectors and half-lines.

    Distance between points


    | z1 − z2 | represents the distance between z1 and z2.
    E.g. 1 (a) Put the equation | z | = 2 into words.
    (b) Hence describe the loci of all points such that | z | = 2.

    Circles
    In words, | z − z1 | = r is “the distance between z and the complex number z1 is r”.
    | z | = r is the circle, centre origin, radius r.
    | z − z1 | = r is the circle, centre z1, radius r

    E.g. 2 (a) Put the equation | z − (4 + 3i) | = 5 into words.


    (b) Hence, on an Argand diagram, draw all the points such that | z − (4 + 3i) | = 5.

    Perpendicular bisectors
    In words, | z − z1 | = | z − z2 | is “the distance between z and the complex number z1 is equal to
    the distance between z and the complex number z2.

    | z − z1 | = | z − z2 | is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining z1 and z2.

    E.g. 3 (a) Put the equation | z − 3 | = | z − 5 | into words.


    (b) Hence, on an Argand diagram, draw all the points such that |z − 3| = |z − 5|.

    Page 1 of 3
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    Half-lines Im
    Arg (z − z1) = θ is the half-line starting at z1 which makes an angle of θ
    with the real axis.
    θ
    z1
    Usually the point z1 is not included in the half-line — hence the circle. Re
    If z1 was included in the half-line, the circle would be coloured in.

    π
    E.g. 4 Describe all the points such that arg arg (z − (5 + 2i)) = .
    3

    E.g. 5 When would the point z1 be included in the half-line?

    Summary
    • | z1 − z2 | represents the distance between z1 and z2.
    • | z − z1 | = r is the circle, centre z1, radius r
    • | z − z1 | = | z − z2 | is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining z1 and z2.
    • arg (z − z1) = θ is the half-line starting at z1 which makes an angle of θ with the real axis

    N.B. For half-lines, z1 is not included in the line (circle) unless arg z1 =θ

    E.g. 6 Describe all the points such that:


    π
    (a) | z − 3 + 2i | = 9 (b) arg (z − (1 + 2i)) =
    π 6
    (c) z − (4 + 3i) = z + 6 − 2i (d) arg (z − 1 − i) =
    4

    E.g. 7 Use an Argand diagram to find, in the form a


    + bi, the complex number(s) which satisfies
    π 3π
    (a) arg (z + 1) = and arg (z − 3) =
    π 4 4
    (b) arg z = and | z | = 2.
    6
    N.B. The gradient of a straight line is equal to tan θ, where θ is the angle the line makes
    with the positive x− axis.
    Hint: draw an Argand diagram.
    π π
    Working: (a) arg (z + 1) = is the half-line starting at −1 + 0i at an angle of
    4 4
    (45o) — this is equivalent to the line y = x + 1 for x > − 1
    3π
    arg (z − 3) = is the half-line starting at 3 + 0i at an angle of
    4
    3π
    (135o) — this is equivalent to the line y = 3 − x for x < 3
    4
    Hence find the point of intersection of y = x + 1 and y = 3 − x
    The point is (1, 2) so z = 1 + 2i

    Page 2 of 3
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    π π
    E.g. 8 If arg z = and arg (z − 3) = , find arg (z − 6i).
    4 2
    Hint: use an Argand diagram.

    Video: Loci of a circle


    Video: Loci of perpendicular bisectors
    Video: Loci of half-lines
    Video: Representing regions in Argand diagrams

    Solutions to Starter and E.g.s

    Exercise
    p133 4F Qu 1i, 2i, 3i, 4i, 5-11

    Summary
    • | z1 − z2 | represents the distance between z1 and z2.
    • | z − z1 | = r is the circle, centre z1, radius r
    • | z − z1 | = | z − z2 | is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining z1 and z2.
    • arg (z − z1) = θ is the half-line starting at z1 which makes an angle of θ with the real axis

    Page 3 of 3

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