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    Lecture 5: The Complex Logarithm Function: Hart Smith

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    Penikmat kota
    This document discusses the complex logarithm function and branches of the n-th root function. [1] The complex logarithm function log(z) is defined as log(z) = log|z| + i arg(z) where arg(z) is the argument of z. [2] Branches of the logarithm are defined by fixing the range of arg(z) and jump by 2pi i as z crosses the cut line. [3] Similarly, branches of the n-th root function can be defined by fixing the range of arg(z).

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    Lecture 5: The Complex Logarithm Function: Hart Smith

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    Penikmat kota
    47 views5 pages
    This document discusses the complex logarithm function and branches of the n-th root function. [1] The complex logarithm function log(z) is defined as log(z) = log|z| + i arg(z) where arg(z) is the argument of z. [2] Branches of the logarithm are defined by fixing the range of arg(z) and jump by 2pi i as z crosses the cut line. [3] Similarly, branches of the n-th root function can be defined by fixing the range of arg(z).

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    Lecture 5

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    This document discusses the complex logarithm function and branches of the n-th root function. [1] The complex logarithm function log(z) is defined as log(z) = log|z| + i arg(z) where arg(z) is the argument of z. [2] Branches of the logarithm are defined by fixing the range of arg(z) and jump by 2pi i as z crosses the cut line. [3] Similarly, branches of the n-th root function can be defined by fixing the range of arg(z).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views5 pages

    Lecture 5: The Complex Logarithm Function: Hart Smith

    Uploaded by

    Penikmat kota
    This document discusses the complex logarithm function and branches of the n-th root function. [1] The complex logarithm function log(z) is defined as log(z) = log|z| + i arg(z) where arg(z) is the argument of z. [2] Branches of the logarithm are defined by fixing the range of arg(z) and jump by 2pi i as z crosses the cut line. [3] Similarly, branches of the n-th root function can be defined by fixing the range of arg(z).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Lecture 5: The complex logarithm function

    Hart Smith

    Department of Mathematics
    University of Washington, Seattle

    Math 427, Autumn 2017


    Recall: polar form for z 6= 0 : z = r e iθ , r = |z|.

    θ is called the argument of z, we write θ = arg(z).

    Notation. If I is a half-open interval of length 2π, and z 6= 0,

    argI (z) is the choice of arg(z) with argI (z) ∈ I

    Main examples: I = [0, 2π) or I = (−π, π] .

    arg[0,2π) (−i) = 32 π , arg(−π,π] (−i) = − 21 π

    argI (z) has a cut line where the value jumps by 2π.
    Complex logarithms
    To solve ew = z , for z 6= 0 :
    Let w = u + iv , so ew = eu eiv , and write z = |z| e iθ .

    eu eiv = |z| e iθ ⇔ eu = |z| , eiv = eiθ .

    Infinitely many solutions w : u = log |z| , v = θ + 2πk

    Describe all solutions by: log(z) = log |z| + i arg(z)

    Examples:
    log(2i) = log(2) + i π2 + i2πk

    log(−3) = log(3) + iπ + i2πk


    √ 
    log(2 + 5i) = log 29 + i arctan( 52 ) + i2πk
    Branches of the logarithm function

    A branch of log z is defined by fixing the range I of arg(z):


    
    log z = log |z| + i argI (z) satisfies Im log(z) ∈ I

    A branch of log z jumps by 2πi as z crosses the cut line.

    For any branch of log z , and z, w 6= 0:

    e log z = z

    log(ez ) = z + i2πk for some k .

    log(zw) = log z + log w + i2πk for some k .


    Branches of the n-th root function
    Can similarly define a branch of z 1/n by fixing range of arg(z).
    Example 1: Let arg(−π,π] (z) be the value of arg(z) in (−π, π] ,

    define : z 1/2 = |z|1/2 e i arg(−π,π] (z)/2

    This choice of square root has positive real part.


    It is discontinuous across negative real axis.

    Example 2: Let arg[0,2π) (z) be the value of arg(z) in [0, 2π) ,

    define : z 1/2 = |z|1/2 e i arg[0,2π) (z)/2

    This choice of square root has positive imaginary part.


    It is discontinuous across positive real axis.

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