NETWORK:

It is a group of two or more computers connected together in

order to share resources and information

INTERNET:
• It stands for INTERNATIONAL NETWORK
• It refers to worldwide network of networks
OR
• It refers to global networks of networks
• It was started in the year 1990

ARPANET:
• It stands for ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY
NETWORK
• It was the project started by US Dept Of Defense
• It was started in 1969
• Its objective was to connect computers at military and
defense

NSF:
• It stands for NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
• It was the project started in 1980 by NSF net
• Its objective was to connect computers at various
universities and educational institutions

PRIVATE BUSSINESSMAN:
• They were not included in ARPANET and NSF
• They created their own private network

NOTE: The Typed information does not guarantee 100% accuracy. You are
responsible on your own for making any mistakes.
NOTE
• ARPANET+NSF+PRIVATE BUSSINESSMEN combine
together and gave rise to INTERNET
• It was started in 1990

WHO OWNS INTERNET:

• NO SINGLE ORGANISATION owns internet
• Some organisations determine the Internet structure and
its working
• Some of the known bodies are:

-Internet Society:
• It is a non-profit organisation.
• It is used to develop internet standards and policies and
education.

-IETF:
• It stands for INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE.
• It is an international organisation with open membership.
• It has several working groups.
• Working groups function is to maintain and take care of
internet architecture and stability along with the internet
security.

-IAB:
• It stands for INTERNET ARCHITECTURE BOARD.
• It is an IEFT committee.
• It is used to set the design of internet protocols and
standards.

-ICANN:
• It stands for INTERNET CORPORATION FOR ASSIGNED
NAMES AND NUMBERS.
• It is private non-profit corporation.
 • It is used to manage internet DNS (DOMAIN NAME
SYSTEM).
• It also ensures that every domain name is linked with
proper IP address.

ISP:
• It stands for INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER.
• It is an organisation that provides internet connection to
the users.

VARIOUS INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS IN INDIA ARE:

• Connect
• Reliance
• Vodafone
• Airtel
• BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)
• VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited)

REQUIREMENTS OF INTERNET:
• A Computer
• Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)
• A Telephone Connection
• A Browser Software
• ISP

WHAT IS INTERNET BACKBONE?

The physical network that carries internet traffic between
different computer systems is called internet backbone.

WHAT IS WWW?
• It stands for WORLD WIDE WEB.
• It is the collection of documents found on the Internet.
• The documents are the multimedia documents that
contains text, audio, video, hypertext, hyperlinks.
 • It can also be defined as all the interlinked HTML pages
that can be accessed over the internet.

WHAT IS HYPERTEXT?
• It is highlighted text
• They are present in webpages that links to another
webpages or documents.
• The highlighted text is called hyperlink.
• The hyperlink is blue in colour and underlined.

PROTOCOL:
• These are the rules required for communication on
internet
• The protocol on which Internet is the best is TCP/IP

TCP/IP:
• It stands for TRANSMISSION CONTROL
PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL
• The TCP part of the protocol is used to break the data or a
message into small units called packets
• Each packet is given by a number save 1,2,3…..etc.
• Packets are sent to destination computer
• Add destination computer packets are again reassembled
to form additional message

IP PART:
• The IP part stands for INTERNET PROTOCOL
• It is responsible for ensuring that correct bank it reaches
to correct destination address

HTTP:
• It stands for HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
• It is used to establish communication between web server
and web client
 • It sends a request from web client to web server
• It returns the desired data pages from server back to client

NOTE:
HTTPS stands for HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL SECURE
• It ensures that connection built between web client and
web server must be secure

HYPERLINK:
• It refers to text or an image in web page which when
clicked opens another webpage
• When hyperlink is clicked the mouse pointer changes to
hand shape symbol
• It is always blue in colour and always underlined

WEB BROWSER:
• It is a software application that is used to view webpages
• It is used to locate, retrieve and display content on WWW

TYPES OF WEB BROWSERS

1. Graphical Browsers
These are the browsers which include text, images, audio,
video and the navigation is accomplished by pointing and
clicking with the mouse on the highlighted words known
as hyperlinks.
EXAMPLES:
i. Google Chrome
ii. Internet Explorer
iii. Mozilla Firefox
iv. Safari
v. Opera
vi. Epic
vii. Sea Monkey
viii. Avant
 2.Text Only Browsers
These are the types of browsers which provide access to
the web in text only mode.
EXAMPLE: Lynx

WEB SERVER:
• It is the software application that stores huge amount of
data and manage network resources
• It is used to fulfil request made by the client computer
• The server follows the protocol HTTP
EXAMPLES:
• Apache, lighttpd, Microsoft IIS(INTERNET INFORMATION
SERVICES),Novell’s Netware server,Litespeed

Services provided by the web server are:

I. Serving web pages
II. Running gateway programs
III. Controlling access to the server
IV. Monitoring and logging all access
V. Server side scripting

SERVER:
A server is a computer whose main job is to share the
resources for the clients in other words it is the main computer
that manages the network resources

Services provided by server are:

I. Resource Sharing
II. Centralised file sharing
III. Centralised virus scanning
IV. Centralised Backup
WEB PAGE :
• It is the single page of the website.
• It is the document on WWW which contains text, graphics,
sound and hyperlinks

#COMPONENTS OF WEBPAGE
(a) CONTENT WISE
-Hyper Text
-Hyper Links
(b) STRUCTURE WISE
-Page Title
-Header
-Body
-Navigation links
-Footer

WEBSITE:
• It is the collection of interconnected webpages which are
linked together by hyperlinks
#COMPONENTS OF WEBSITE
1. Web Host
2. Address
3. Home Page
4. Design
5. Content
6. Navigation structure

WEBPORTAL:
A web portal is a type of website but differs in terms of content
and services as compared to a typical website which provides
only specialised information. A web portal is actually a
launchpad to host a web based services like email,
games ,shopping, news, weather, chatting.
UPLOADING:
• It refers to transfer of data from your local computer to
remote server

DOWNLOADING:
• It refers to transfer of data from server to your local
computer

HOMEPAGE:
• It refers to the first page of the website
• It provides the link to other webpages of the website
• It also refers to index page

MODEM:
• It stands for MODULATOR-DEMODULATOR
• It is a device that allows computer to communicate over
telephone lines
• Computer information is stored in form of digital signals
• Telephone wires support analog signals
• The sender modem converts digital signals into analog
signals. This is called MODULATION
• The receiver computer MODEM re-converts the analog
signals back to digital signals. This is called a
DEMODULATION

TYPES OF MODEM:
• Internal MODEM and External MODEM
• Internal MODEM is in form of card which is fitted inside
the CPU
• External MODEM is a small box which is placed near the
telephone jack

ROUTER:
• It is a small box that allows multiple computers to join
same network
 • Connecting to router provides access to a LAN
• It may not provide access to internet
• ROUTER MUST BE CONNECTED TO MODEM
• PCàrouteràmodemàISPàinternet

WEB ADDRESS:
• Each computer or network is called node
• Independent computer which is not on network is called
standalone computer
• An internet address uniquely identifies a node on the
Internet
• Internet address may also be called as IP address
• There are two ways of addressing:

DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM(DNS):

• It is difficult to remember 12 digit IP address of each
website
• Hence character based naming system is used
• When we enter domain name its IP address is resolved by
DNR (Domain Name Resolver)
• DNR is located within ISP
• They locate IP address of required domain
• Process is called DNR DOMAIN NAME RESOLUTION

URL:
• It stands for UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR
• It refers to unique address of each web page
• The web address specifies protocol for accessing web
pages
• Parts of URL are:
-Type of protocol
-Address of server
-Path of file
• Example:
• Https://www.oracle.com/sun/index.html
 • Here https refers to protocol
• www.oracle.com refers to domain name
• Sun/index.html refers to file name
• The domain name has three letter extension
• .com stands for commercial
• .gov refers to government
• .edu refers to education
• .mil refers to military
• Org refers to Organization , Net refers to Network

IP ADDRESS:
• It stands for INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS
• It is used to uniquely identify computers, servers and other
devices on network
• It uses 4 numbers 0 to 225 to address computers
• It is written as group of four numbers separated by
period(.) i.e. dot
• Example: 103.23.105.231

NOTE:
Sometimes extension is two letter name that indicates
country where server is located
§ .ca Canada
§ .jp Japan
§ .in India
§ .au Australia
§ Uk United Kingdom
§ US United States
FTP:
• It stands for FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
• It is used to transfer files from one computer to another
• It acts as software used for Uploading and Downloading of
files
• Examples:
• gFTP, CoreFTP, Yummy FTP
NOTE:
• FTP is the language that computers used to transfer or
share files using TCP/IP network:

• FTP supports AUTOMATIC RESUME

• It means if you are downloading a latest new game and for
some reason the download stops in the middle of the
transfer then FTP client try to continue from where is
stopped. This saved a lot of time

SSH Protocol:
• It stands for Secure Shell
• It is a method for secure remote login from one computer
to another
• It provides several alternative options for strong
authentication
• It uses strong encryption to protect the security and
integrity of data

SFTP:
• It refers to Secure File Transfer Protocol
• It runs over SSH protocol
• It supports full security and authentication functionality of
SSH
• It is preferred to FTP because of its underlying security
features and ability to run on a SSH connection

SCP:
• It stands for Secure Copy Protocol
• It is based on RCP i.e. Remote Copy Program protocol
which supports file transfers between host on the network
• It uses SSH for data transfer and uses same mechanism for
authentication thereby ensuring confidentiality of data
 FULL FORMS
1. WWW World Wide Web
2. URL Uniform Resource Locator
3. ARPANET Advanced Research Project Agency Network
4. NSF National Science Foundation
5. IAB Internet Architecture Board
6. IEFT Internet Engineering Task Force
7. ICANN Internet Corporation For Assigned Names
And Numbers
8. ISP Internet Service Provider
9. HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
10. HTML Hypertext Markup Language
11. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
12. IIS Internet Information Services
13.FTP File Transfer Protocol
14.NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol
15.ATM Automatic Teller Machine
16.IRC Instant Relay Chat
17.IM Instant Messaging

FULL FORMS
1. DNS Domain Name System
2. MODEM Modulator Demodulator
3. SSH Secure Shell
4. SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol
5. SCP Secure Copy Protocol
6. SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
7. TELNET Terminal Network
8. IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol
9. POP3 Post Office Protocol 3
10.CODEC Coder Decoder
11.RTI Right To Information
SEARCH ENGINE:
• It is the software or the program that is used to search for
any information on internet
• Examples:
Google, Yahoo, Bing, Ask.com

Name various elements of search engine:

1. Spider/bot/agent/web crawler
2. Indexing software
3. Search algorithm

TIPS FOR SEARCHING:

• Do not ask questions as search engine searches for each
word in the query as independent word
• Be specific , this will reduce the number of hits
• Use wildcards for pattern matching
• To look for exact words put them in double quotes
because text will be treated as complete phrase not as
separate words. “board syllabus term”
• - minus sign causes Google to exclude a word from your
search
• + sign if you want word or phrase must appear in the
matched documents
• Lowercase words matches are not case sensitive.
Uppercase words are case sensitive

SEARCHING PEOPLE ON NET:

-Most internet sites are filled with facilities to create a profile
• These profiles helps to find any person on internet
• Various websites are there which helps to find people on
net:
• www.Pipl.com
• www.123people.com
• www.whitepages.com
• www.peoplefinders.com
EMAIL:
• It stands for electronic mail
• It is a way to send and receive messages electronically
• The email is transmitted between computers systems
which exchange messages or pass them onto other sites
according to internet protocols or rules
• Using email address, email can be sent to anyone around
the world
• The receiver may or may not be sitting online
EMAIL BASED WEBSITES:
§ www.gmail.com
§ www.yahoomail.com
§ www.rediffmail.com
§ www.hotmail.com

FOLDERS OF AN EMAIL ACCOUNT:

• INBOX: It is used to contain all incoming messages
• SENT MAIL: It is used to contain all the sent messages
• DRAFT: It is used to contain messages which are hyped but
not have been sent to the receiver
• TRASH: It is used to contain deleted messages
• SPAM: It is used to contain junk e-mails

FORMATS OF AN EMAIL MESSAGE:

There are two formats of email message
• PLAIN TEXT EMAIL
1. It does not support any text formatting options such as
bold, italic, coloured fonts.
2. It can have attached pictures or graphics, but they
cannot be inserted

• RICH TEXT EMAIL

1. It supports various text formatting options such as bold,
italic, coloured fonts
2. It can have attached pictures or graphics, but they can
also be inserted
 CREATING NEW EMAIL WINDOW

4.HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
 NEWSGROUP
• It is also called FORUM/MESSAGE BOARD/BULLETIN
BOARD/CLUBS
• It is an online bulletin board where users can post
messages, respond to posted messages, or can just read
the messages
• When the user sends a message, the server post the
message for everyone to read it
• Other members can respond to the message
• Group of related messages is known as Threads

EXAMPLES OF NEWSGROUP
§ Alt.tennis
§ Alt.astrology
§ Comp.language.c++
For example, the newsgroup comp.lang.C++ contains
discussion on C++ language.
-The leftmost part comp classifies the newsgroup as one
that contains discussion of computer related topics.
-The second part identifies one of the subtopic lang that
related to computer languages.
-The third part identifiers one of the computer languages,
in this case C++.
EMAIL CLIENT SOFTWARES:-
§ Also called as Mail user Agent.
§ Used as front end computer program which manages
emails.
§ Examples:-
o Mozilla Thunderbird
o Postbox Express
o eM
o Windows live mail
o Claws email
o Zimbra suit Opera mail
HTTP & HTTPs
Is an access method in order to access hypertext files on
internet Primary method
In combination with www
S----secure connection / security –sender/receiver
Server & client -----information is secure with help SSL
certificate

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REPLY AND FORWARD OF EMAIL:-

 LIST OF FTP SOFTWARES/EXAMPLES:
FTP SOFTWARES
FileZilla
AceFTP
SmartFTP
YummyFTP
Captain FTP
FTPeel
FireFTP
gFTP
Cyberduck
CrossFTP
OneButtonFTP

CHAT:
• Online textual talk is called chatting.
• Message is typed on screen which is immediately
received by receiver
• Both sender and receiver must be sitting online

TYPES OF CHAT
§ IM (INSTANT MESSAGING)
§ ICQ (I SEEK YOU)
§ IRC (INTERNET RELAY CHAT)
§ WEB BASED CHAT
CHATTING SOFTWARES:-
• YAHOO MESSENGER.
• WHATSAPP
• SNAPCHAT
• GTALK
• FACEBOOK MESSENGER
• WECHAT
• WINDOWS LIVE MESSENGER
• FLOCK

VIDEO CONFRENCING:
• It is a live visual connection between two or more people
residing in separate locations.
• V.C. provides transmission of static images and text
between two locations.
• It provides transmission of full motion video images and
high quality audio .
Examples:-
§ FaceTime
§ Zoom
§ Skype
§ Go To Meeting
§ Google meet
§ Blue Jeans
§ Google Hangouts

Advantages of Video Conferencing:-

• Saves travel cost and time
• Meeting can be conducted across the globe.
• We can see people and can hear them , can notice their
body language.
 • Document can be viewed by all persons in the meeting
• Ideas and knowledge can be communicated between
persons very quickly.
• Excellent way to keep in touch with friends / family even if
they are in separate countries

Disadvantages of Video Conferencing:-

• Additional cost of hardware and software for video
conferencing
• Very fast internet connection is required.
• Hardware problems can occur disallowing some
participants to attend the meeting.
• Problem of different time zones can be unsuitable for
many persons
• Video camera might not be able to see all parts of the
room at the same time

Requirements for Video Conferencing:-

• Multimedia PC
• Video Compression hardware.
• Videophone software
• Internet connection
• Web camera

Areas of Application:-
• Business
• Distance learning.
• Telecommunication with clients
• Legal environment
• Telemedicine
• Media
 E-LEARNING:
MEANING:-
o It stands for Electronic learning.
o It refers to the learning that takes place in an electronically
simulated environment.
o Variety of medias are used like audio , video , animation ,
text , images etc.
o Can be done anywhere & anytime.
Examples of E-Learning software:-

• Moodle
• Olat
• eFront
• H5P
• Siminars
• Udemy
• Articulate
• Udacity
• Skill Share

Websites providing E-learning facility:

• www.w3schools.com
• www.byjus.com
• www.khanacademy.org
• www.courser.org
• www.TedEd.com
• www.codeacademy.com
Advantages of E-Learning:
• Works fast
• Less expensive
• Consistent delivery
• Updated easily and quickly
• Learning Anywhere and Anytime
• Can be easily managed
• Self directed & self paced

Disadvantages of E-Learning:
• Technical Issues/problems arises
• Lack of comp knowledge may produce difficulty in
learning.
• Difficult to adopt Learning Approach
• Problems related to authencity of students

APPLICATION AREAS OF E-LEARNING FACILITY:

• E-LEARNING COURSEWARE
• E-CLASSROOM qASSESSMENTS
• E-SIMULATION
• GAME BASED BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT
• LEARNING SUPPORT
• SOCIAL LEARNING
• MOOC
MOOC stands for MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE . These are the
courses which are available to massive students Via Internet
 E-BANKING:
MEANING:

• It stands for Electronic Banking.

• It is also known as ONLINE BANKING / INTERNET
BANKING
• It refers to availing banking facilities via Internet.
• The customer may perform banking transactions while
sitting at home using internet.
• The following given terms in one or other way refers
to E-Banking only
§ PC BANKING
§ MOBILE BANKING
§ VIRTUAL BANKING
§ INTERNET BANKING.

DEFINE PC BANKING?
• It is the form of Online banking that enables customers to
execute the bank Transactions from PC via modem. The
bank offers a customer a proprietary financial software
that allows the customer to perform financial transactions
from his or her PC

DEFINE MOBILE BANKING?

• It is the internet based wireless service that allows the
customers to use banking services safely and easily using
mobile device like smartphone or tablet. E.g. Yono App.

WEBSITES PROVIDING E-BANKING FACILITY:

• www.axisbank.com
• www.bankofindia.com
 • www.canarabank.com
• www.hdfcbank.com
• www.pnbindia.in
• www.onlinesbi.com

Advantages of E-Banking:
1. Faster Transactions
2. Instant notifications and alerts
3. Benefits & Rewards to customers
4. Convenient to use
5. Full security provided
6. Transactions can be done anytime & anywhere
7. Better customer service.

Disadvantages of E-Banking:
• Technical Issues/problems arises
• Risk of fake banking websites.
• Difficult to adopt by illiterate people
• Security issues
• Lack of direct contact between bank officer & customer

BLOG
§ It is the short form of web log.
§ It is a web page that serve as publicly accessible personal
journal for an individual .
§ It is frequently updated personal journal / diary where
entries are posted.
§ The owner of the blog writes the blog and is known as
blogger.
§ The act of writing or updating the blog is called blogging.
§ The updates put on the blog by the blogger are called
blog-posts
BLOG WEBSITES:
• www.wix.com
• www.squarespace.com
• www.medium.com
• www.joomla.com
• www.wordpress.com

- TYPES OF BLOG:
PERSONAL BLOG
o Most common type of blog.
o Just like creating an online diary.
o Blogger may put stories about their interest such as
fishing/dancing etc.
NEWS AND VIEWS BLOG
o Contains factual stories about news maintained by
journalists.
o Used by news companies like BBC who post stories about
latest events.
o Viewers can add their opinion about the story.
COMPANY BLOG
o Most companies creates their blogs to enable customer to
know about latest happenings/information about company
o Information is given about launching of new product or
updations done in current product
MICRO BLOG
o A type of blog where short posts are allowed.
o Best example is Twitter.
o Message of 140 characters can be posted.
 E-SHOPPING:
o It stands for ELECTRONIC SHOPPING
o It refers to the process of buying goods & services from
seller on internet.
o Consumers can buy a large variety of items from the
online stores.
o Books , clothing , home appliances , cosmetics , groceries,
toys , hardware , softwares , health insurance , medical
facility etc are some of the products & services that a
consumer can buy online.
# Name some of the e-shopping websites.

• www.flipkart.com
• www.snapdeal.com
• www.amazon.in
• www.jabong.com
• www.myntra.com
• www.pepperfry.com
ADVANTAGES OF E-SHOPPING :-
o Convenient method
o Shopping anywhere and at anytime
o Wide variety of products are available.
o Save time and efforts
o Various brands /models can be compared.
DISADVANTAGES OF E-SHOPPING:
o Risk of misuse of credit & debit card information.
o Delay in delivery.
o Lack of touch and feel of merchandise in online shopping.
o Lack of interactivity
 E-RESERVATION :
o It stands for ELECTRONIC RESERVATION , also called
Online Reservation.
o It refers to process of determining the availability of
tickets/rooms and making reservations via electronic
means i.e. Internet.
# Name some application areas of e-reservations.
§ Travel Tickets
§ Hotel rooms
§ Sport matches
§ Movies and Theatre
§ Events
# Name some websites providing e-reservation facility.
§ www.MakeMyTrip.com
§ www.Goibibo.com
§ www.cleartrip.com
§ www.yatra.com
§ www.bookmyshow.com

# ADVANTAGES OF E-RESERVATION
§ Safety
§ Easy way
§ Save time and efforts
§ available anywhere anytime
§ fast process.
 E-GOVERNANCE :
It refers to the application of electronic means in governance
with an aim of fulfilling the requirements of a common man at
affordable costs and fastest possible time
It provides the following :-
1. The interaction between government and citizens ,
government and businesses via internet
2. Use of electronic means in internal operations of
government

The NeGP (NATIONAL E-GOVERNANCE PLAN) has been

formulated by the government to promote e-governance on a
massive scale.

NeGP states that :

“making all government services accessible to the common
man in his locality through common service delivery outlets
and ensure efficiency , transparency and reliability of such
services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the
common man”
# WEBSITES LINKED WITH E-GOVERNANCE :-
1. www.passport.gov.in
2. www.mca.gov.in
3. www.india.gov.in
4. www.drdo.nic.in
5. supremecourtofindia.nic.in
6. rti.gov.in
7. parivahan.gov.in
# ADVANTAGES OF E-GOVERNANCE:
o Improved efficiency of administration and service delivery
o Reduce waiting time
o Reduces cost of availing the services.
o Successful in keeping tap on corruption
o Increased public participation
o Increased transparency and accountability.
# DISADVANTAGES OF E-GOVERNANCE:
o People in rural areas and remote areas cannot get benefits
from e-governance.
o Not all services are part of e-governance so manual
method cannot be avoided.
o Lack of awareness regarding e-governance among
people.
o Risk of making payments via debit or credit card.

E-GROUPS:
It stands for ELECTRONIC GROUPS.
It refers to the group of people who come together to form
Online community.
People share photos , events , messages or comments , topic
of their interest.
Convenient method to get connected with old friends or new
acquaintances.
It may be open or have closed access.

Members can post their views on discussion board which can

be view by other members
# Name some web sites providing e-group facility.
o https://in.groups.yahoo.com
o https://groups.google.com
# Advantages of E-Groups:-
1. Convenient method
2. Wide range of topics can be discussed.
3. Cost effective
4. Proper feedback can be taken.
5. Using email group email can be sent to large number of
people using just one email address.

SOCIAL NETWORKING :
It is the use of internet based social media programs to make
connections with friends , family , classmates , customers &
clients.

A social networking site is a website that provides a venue

for the people to share their activities with families , friends or
to share their interest in a particular topic.
# Name some social media / networking sites.
1. Facebook
2. Twitter
3. LinkedIn
4. MySpace
5. Blogger
6. Flickr
7. Reddit
8. YouTube
9. WordPress
10. Typepad
# ADVANTAGES OF SOCIAL NETWORKING :-
o Easy to connect with people.
o Easy to hold discussions and collect opinion.
o Interactive involvement
o Improves world awareness.
# DISADVANTAGES OF SOCIAL NETWORKING:-
o Misuse of information posted by innocent users.
o Risk of fake profiles.
o Attention seeking disorders and addiction.
o Bullying and Trolling
# Enlist some of the features available on Social Networking
sites:-

• User profiles.
• Blog engine
• Photo albums
• Groups
• Discussion boards
• Media galleries
• Activity stream
• Walls
• Messaging
• Comments
• Tags
 MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
1.SMS:
• It stands for Short Message Service.
• It is basically a text message send to another mobile
device.
• Length of a single sms message is upto 160 characters.
• Longer messages automatically split up into several
parts
• Most modern phones & networks support concatenation
and segment and rebuild messages upto 1600
characters.

2. MMS :
• It stands for Multimedia Messaging Service.
• It refers to the standard way of sending messages that
includes multimedia content to and from mobile devices.
• Mostly used to send photos ,videos .
• Many new cell phones having multimedia capabilities
support MMS.
• The maximum message size (along with the attachments)
is generally limited to 300KB (MMS 1.2), but recently the
MMS 1.3 standard has allowed for a maximum size of
600KB.

3.3G :
• It stands for Third Generation
• Enabled wireless devices which operate at high speed.
• Speed upto 2 Mbps
• Increased bandwidth
 • 3G technology puts a strong emphasis on internet &
multimedia services such as web browsing , video
conferencing & downloading music

4. 4G :
• It stands for Fourth Generation.
• Enhanced download & upload speed.
• Allows music streaming , fast and reliable web browsing.
• Provides very high data transfer speed than 3G
• Provides facility like IP telephony , gaming services , HDD
videos , video conferencing , 3D television

PROTOCOLS LINKED WITH EMAIL are as follows

• IMAP :
It stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. It is a
standard protocol used for accessing email from local
server. It is a client server protocol in which email is
received and held for the user by the internet server. Only
if the user request to read a specific email-message then it
will be downloaded from the server.

• POP3:
It stands for Post Office Protocol 3. It provides a simple
standardized way for the users to access mailboxes &
download the messages to their computers.
When using POP protocol all the email
messages get downloaded from the mail server to user’s
local computer, the benefit of this is that once messages
are downloaded the user can close the internet connection
and can read his/her messages anytime as per his choice.
 • SMTP :
It stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is the
protocol which is used when user sends email to another
email user. It is used by MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) to
deliver the sent email to the recipient’s mail server.

STATIC WEBSITE: It is a website which contains

information that doesnot change i.e it remains static
Eg: Website of a food recipe

DYNAMIC WEBSITE: It is a website which contains

information that changes depending upon the viewer of the
website, timezone, language of the country, any other factor
Eg: Any Shopping website , Any Newspaper website

§ WHAT IS DHTML?
1. It stands for Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language.
2. It is an umbrella term for a collection of technologies
which are used together to create interactive and
animated websites by using the combination of
i) HTML
ii) Javascript
iii) CSS
iv) DOM [ Document Object Model]