Chapter 17 - Scheduling
Chapter 17 - Scheduling
Chapter 17 - Scheduling
Lecture 6:
Scheduling
Learning Objectives
• Explain the meaning of scheduling, and determine which type of
schedule is appropriate for different types of productive systems.
• Discuss loading, sequencing, and monitoring work.
What is Scheduling?
• Last stage of planning before production occurs
• Specifies when labor, equipment, and facilities are
needed to produce a product or provide a service.
Objectives in Scheduling
• Meet customer due dates • Minimize overtime
• Minimize job lateness • Maximize machine or labor utilization
• Minimize response time • Minimize idle time
• Minimize completion time • Minimize work-in-process inventory
• Minimize time in the system
Shop Floor Control (SFC)
• Schedule and monitor day-to-day job shop production
• Also called production control and production activity
control (PAC).
• Responsibilities of production control department:
• Loading - check availability of material, machines, and labor
• Sequencing - release work orders to shop and issue dispatch lists
for individual machines
• Monitoring - maintain progress reports on each job until it is
complete
Loading
• Process of assigning work to limited resources.
• Perform work with most efficient resources.
• Use assignment method of linear programming to determine
allocation.
Sequencing:
Sequencing Rules
• Prioritize jobs assigned to a resource
• Mainly used for single machine (centers) situations.
• Sequencing Rules:
• FCFS - first-come, first-served
• LCFS - last come, first served
• DDATE - earliest due date
• CUSTPR - highest customer priority
• SETUP - similar required setups
• SLACK - smallest slack
• CR - smallest critical ratio
• SPT - shortest processing time
• LPT - longest processing time
Performance Measures
• Flowtime (completion time)
• Time for a job to flow through system
• Makespan
• Time for a group of jobs to be completed
• Tardiness
• Difference between a late job’s due date and its completion
time
SPT & DDATE
• SPT: schedules the job with the shortest processing
time first.
• It tries to minimize the average time a job spends in the
system to eliminate system congestion.
• DDATE is known as earliest due date (also EDD):
• It tries to improve customer satisfaction by scheduling
the jobs with the earliest due date first.
Minimum Slack & Smallest Critical Ratio
• SLACK considers both work and time remaining
SLACK = (due date – today’s date) – (processing time)
• Sequence the five jobs using FCFS, DDATE, SLACK, and SPT.
• Determine the mean completion/flow time, mean tardiness and maximum tardiness
for each rule.
Simple Sequencing Rules:
Ex. 17.2 p. 567
Total
Simple Sequencing Rules: FCFS
FCFS START PROCESSING COMPLETION DUE
SEQUENCE TIME TIME TIME DATE TARDINESS
A 0 5 5 10 0
B 5 10 15 15 0
C 15 2 17 5 12
D 17 8 25 12 13
E 25 6 31 8 23
Total 93 48
Average 93/5 = 18.60 48/5 = 9.6
Simple Sequencing Rules: DDATE
DDATE START PROCESSING COMPLETION DUE
SEQUENCE TIME TIME TIME DATE TARDINESS
C 0 2 2 5 0
E 2 6 8 8 0
A 8 5 13 10 3
D 13 8 21 12 9
B 21 10 31 15 16
Total 75 28
Average 75/5 = 15.00 28/5 = 5.6
Simple Sequencing A(10-0) – 5 = 5
Rules: SLACK B(15-0) – 10 = 5
C(5-0) – 2 = 3
D(12-0) – 8 = 4
E(8-0) – 6 = 2
A 3 10
Today is Day 4 B 10 12
C 2 25
FCFS, SPT, SLACK,
D 4 8
DDATE?
E 5 15
F 8 18
G 7 20
Problem 17.8 p. 588
Today is Day 4
E A D B C
Johnson’s Rule
E A D B C
E A D B C Process 1
(sanding)
5 11 20 31 38
Idle time
E A D B C Process 2
(painting)
5 15 23 30 37 41
Completion time = 41
Idle time = 5+1+1+3=10
Monitoring
• Work package
• Shop paperwork that travels with a job
• Gantt Chart
• Shows both planned and completed activities against a
time scale
• Input/Output Control
• Monitors the input and output from each work center
Gantt Chart
Job 32B
3 Behind schedule
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 Days
Today’s Date
Key: Planned activity
Completed activity
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