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URINARY TRACT INFECTION

1. Introduce the 2mins DEFINITION Lecture and Listening, PPT,

urinary tract Urinary tract infection is a condition in which bacteria invade discussion clarifying White
infection and grow in the urinary tract (the kidneys, ureters, bladder, doubts board
and urethra). Most urinary tract infections occur in
the bladder or urethra.

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of

urinary system —kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Presence of
significant bacteriuria, 105 or more CFU/ml of properly collected
‘clean- catch’ midstream sample of urine.

2. Discuss about 3mins FACT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION Lecture and Listening PPT What is the
the fact of  A urinary tract infection is caused by micro-organisms,
discussion important fact
urinary tract usually a bacteria called Escherichia coli (E. coli). about urinary
infection  An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys,
tract
bladder or urethra. infection?
 Urinary tract infections are more common in women. They
usually occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious
infections involve the kidney.
 Women have a lifetime risk of over 50 percent of developing
a urinary tract infection (UTI).
 Common symptoms include a strong, frequent urge to urinate
and a painful and burning sensation when urinating.
 A UTI is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and testing of
a urine sample.
 UTIs can be cured with 2 to 3 days of treatment.
 Cranberry extracts do not treat UTIs but may help reduce the
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risk of recurrent UTI.

 UTIs in men are rare.
 As UTIs are normally caused by bacteria, they are most
commonly treated with antibiotics or antimicrobials.

2. Define 2mins DEFINITION Lecture and Listening Chart What do you

urinary tract  A urinary traction infection (UTI) is a very common type of discussion mean by
infection infection in your urinary system. A UTI can involve any part urinary tract
of your urinary system, including the urethra, ureters, bladder infection?
and kidneys.

 A urinary traction infection (UTI) is condition in which

bacteria invade and grow in the urinary tract (the kidneys,
ureters, bladder, and urethra). Most urinary tract infections
occur in the bladder or urethra.

3. Enlist the 3mins TYPES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIS) Lecture and Listening PPT How many
types of Based on the anatomic site: discussion types of
urinary tract 1. Lower tract infection: urinary tract
infection a. Urethritis – infection of the urethra. infection?
b. Cystitis – infection of the bladder.
c. Prostatitis
d.vaginitis – infection of the vagina.

2. Upper tract infection:

a. Pyelonephritis (Acute and Chronic )
b. Acute Pyelitis
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Based on the clinical setting:

1. Uncomplicated UTI
2. Complicated UTIChronic)

4. Discuss the 2mins CAUSES Lecture and Listening Chart, What are the
causes and The vast majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the discussion White causes of
risk factors of bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), usually found in the digestive board urinary tract
urinary tract system. Chlamydia and mycoplasma bacteria can infect the urethra infection?
infection but not the bladder.
UTIs are given different names depending on where they occur. For
example:
 A bladder infection is called cystitis.
 A urethra infection is called urethritis.
 A kidney infection is called pyelonephritis.
 The ureters are very rarely the site of infection.

RISK FACTORS
The following factors can increase the likelihood of developing a
UTI:
 sexual intercourse, especially if more frequent, intense, and
with multiple or new partners
 diabetes
 poor personal hygiene
 problems emptying the bladder completely
 prolonged urinary catheter
 bowel incontinence
 blocked flow of urine
 kidney stones
 Some forms of contraception(diaphragms)
 pregnancy
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 menopause
 procedures involving the urinary tract
 suppressed immune system
 immobility for a long period
 use of spermicides and tampons
 heavy use of antibiotics

5. Enlist the 3mins SYMPTOMS Lecture Listening PPT What are the
symptoms of The symptoms of a UTI can depend on age, gender, the presence of a symptoms of
urinary tract catheter, and what part of the urinary tract has been infected. urinary tract
infection Common symptoms of a UTI include: infection?
 strong and frequent urge to urinate
 cloudy, bloody, or strong-smelling urine
 pain or a burning sensation when urinating
 nausea and vomiting
 muscle aches and abdominal pains
 Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
 Pus in the urine
 Strong-smelling urine
 Pelvic pain, in women — especially in the center of the pelvis
and around the area of the pubic bone

6. Explain the 5min DIAGNOSTIC TEST Discussion, Listening PPT How to

diagnostic test  Diagnostic imaging: This involves assessing the urinary tract and lecture diagnosed
for urinary using ultrasound, CT and MRI scanning, radiation tracking, or urinary tract
tract infection X-rays. infection?
 Urodynamics: This procedure determines how well the
urinary tract is storing and releasing urine.
 Cystoscopy: This diagnostic exam allows the doctor to see
inside the bladder and urethra with a camera lens, which
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inserted through the urethra through a long thin tube.

Urine dipstick
If a UTI is suspected then perform a urine dipstick.
If leukocyte esterase and nitrites are positive then send the urine
sample for microscopy and culture.

7. Discuss the 5min MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Lecture and Listening PPT How to do
management Simple UTI infection discussion treat urinary
of urinary Drugs commonly recommended for simple UTIs include: tract
tract infection  Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, others) infection?
 Fosfomycin (Monurol)
 Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Macrobid)
 Cephalexin (Keflex)
 Ceftriaxone

8. Explain the 3mins PREVENTION Lecture and Listening How to

prevention of . There are several measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of discussion prevent
urinary tract developing a UTI: urinary tract
infection  Drink lots of water and urinate frequently. infection?
 Avoid fluids such as alcohol and caffeine that can irritate the
bladder.
 Urinate shortly after sex.
 Wipe from front to back after urinating and bowel movement.
 Keep the genital area clean and wear dry cloth
 Showers are preferred to baths and avoid using oils.
 Sanitary pads or menstrual cups are preferred to tampons.
 Avoid using a diaphragm or spermicide for birth control.
 Avoid using any perfumed products in the genital area.
 Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing