REFERENCE RULES

Volume II: The Referee’s Guide

 DELVING DEEPER
R E F E R E N C E R U L E S

VOLUME II

THE REFEREE’S GUIDE

By Cameron Dubeers and Simon J. Bull

With special thanks to David Macauley

For all followers of the original fantasy game

Authors: Cameron Dubeers, Simon J. Bull

Editor: Simon J. Bull
Layout: Simon J. Bull
Proof readers: Zach Howard, Ethan Sincox
Cover art and Delving Deeper title: Mark Allen
Cover art licensed to: Immersive Ink
Version 2 March 2013

Copyright © 2012 Cameron Dubeers and Simon J. Bull

DELVING DEEPER: VOLUME II

CONTENTS

PREPARATION FOR THE CAMPAIGN 3 WILDERNESS EXPLORATION 18

The Referee’s Supplies 3 Friendly Settlements 18
Creating a World 4 Movement 18
The Start of Play 4 Becoming Lost 19
Legend and Rumors 4 Wandering Monsters 19
Angry Villagers 4 Wilderness Encounter Tables 19 (24)
Hireling Loyalty 4 Evasion and Pursuit 19
Specialist Hirelings 5 Surprise 20
Creating a Dungeon 6 Low Visibility 20
Sample Dungeon Cross Section 6 Speed 20
Populating a dungeon 7 Strongholds 20
Monsters 7 Stronghold Residents 21
Random Encounters 7 SEAFARING EXPLORATION 22
Unguarded Treasures 7 Movement 22
Traps 8 Weather 22
Dungeon Encounter Tables 9 Storms 22
Sample Dungeon Level 10 Encounters at Sea 23
UNDERWORLD EXPLORATION 12 Surprise 23
Underworld Encounters 13 Seafaring Combat 23
Wandering Monsters 13 Drowning 24
Surprise 13 AERIAL EXPLORATION 25
Encounter Distance 13 Movement 25
Monster Behavior 13 Weather 25
Avoiding Monsters 14 Storms 25
Maintaining Freshness 14 Aerial Encounters 25-26
Example of Play 15 Surprise 26
COMBAT 16 Aerial Combat 26
Melee 16 Melee 26
Missile Fire 16 Missile Fire 26
Attacking to Subdue 17 CONSTRUCTING A STRONGHOLD 27
Referee’s Attack Matrix 17 Mass Battles 29
Morale 17 Other Worlds 29
Healing 17 Afterword 29

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PREPARATION FOR THE CAMPAIGN

The referee should be comfortable with these rules and the mechanics of play, but even
then a new campaign requires some preparation before play can start.
The referee begins by envisaging a fantasy world in which his new campaign will take
place. He need not etch out the entire history of the world immediately; the merest hint
of what the world might promise is sufficient at this early stage. Next, he requires the
outline of a continent or similar region for the players to explore. Then finally, he requires
a detailed map of a town or village and the countryside in which play will begin.
The referee should familiarize himself with the geography, water sources and settlements
(human and otherwise) near to the start of play, noting any particular detail of each.
Using broad strokes rather than exacting detail will save time and also allow room for
the players to influence the world. This in turn will result in a dynamic campaign in a
growing world that feels “alive”.
After establishing the campaign world, the referee should map half a dozen underworld
dungeons and stock these with monsters, treasures, and magical items. Once these
dungeons are created, the referee should mark them on his map somewhere in the
vicinity of the start of play. The campaign is then ready and the players can begin
exploring the fantasy milieu in which they find themselves.

THE REFEREE’S SUPPLIES

In addition to those supplies recommended for players (see Volume I, page 4), the referee
should furnish himself with the following:

THE ESSENTIALS: OPTIONAL EXTRAS:

Delving Deeper Volumes II and III, Additional dice,
A campaign log or notebook to keep Additional miniatures to represent
track of characters, places, monsters, non-player characters and monsters,
and treasures, Scale models or maps of dungeon
A campaign calendar for timekeeping, and wilderness environs,
A keen and creative mind, Mass battles rules such as Chainmail,
The ability to “run the show”. De Bellis Fantasticus, Book of War, or
similar.

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DELVING DEEPER: VOLUME II

CREATING A WORLD
The referee begins by creating a map of the world on a sheet of hex paper. This map
need not be extensive, initially, as exploration of the unknown is a desired element of
the campaign. It must, however, remain unknown to the players.
Each hex should be 6 miles wide on this first map, such that unencumbered characters
afoot can cover two hexes per day of good hiking, or one hex if encumbered.
The referee should note at least one civilized settlement (the village, town or castle where
play will begin) near the center of his map. He should then add any immediately
surrounding features, including other villages, nearby towns, a keep, a ruin, some caves,
a forest, a swamp, and so on. The referee should name each feature and decide whether
it is abandoned or inhabited, and if so by whom? Denizens might be ordinary lawful
folk, elves, bandits, a knight and his entourage, orcs, trolls, an evil high priest, and so
on. Thus, the game world begins to take shape.

THE START OF PLAY

Play should commence in a (relatively) safe haven, such as a town, village or castle.
Towns are busy regional centers, home to 1,000-6,000 folk from all walks of life
including many itinerants. Villages are quiet agrarian communities typically of 100-400
farming folk. A castle is occupied by a body of 30-180 soldiery, along with a prominent
leader and his supporting entourage (see Volume II, page 20). Wherever they begin,
players should be able to acquire their starting goods and rumor of possible adventures.

LEGEND AND RUMORS

The players might already know some of the campaign’s cultural folklore. Other folklore
and local legends can be devised by the referee and learned by the players as required.
The arrival or formation of an armed company of adventurers will not go unnoticed and
unless the players take pains to conceal their purpose, rumors will quickly spread. The
players may, of course, desire to advertise their presence in order to gain employment.
Obtaining news and rumors is thereafter a matter of visiting local inns and common
rooms, where a liberal round of drinks worth 10-60 gp will usually get tongues wagging,
or where an earnest barkeep might be willing to help for 1-6 gp. Misinformation may
be learned at the referee’s discretion.

ANGRY VILLAGERS
In time, the players might become fearless heroes (or fearsome anti-heroes). This does
not imply that exploitation of the common folk will be without consequence. Unhappy
commoners will firstly seek the protection of the church and their local lords. Failing that,
they will seek out a hero to fight their cause, or ultimately, rise up as an angry lynch mob
to run despots and villains out of town.

HIRELING LOYALTY
Whenever hirelings or retainers are taken on, the referee determines their loyalty by
rolling three six-sided dice and adjusting the result for the character’s charisma, the initial
reaction roll, and for being a disinherited relative. The result is noted by the referee, to
be referred to whenever subsequent morale checks are required.
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SPECIALIST HIRELINGS
Loyalty
Specialists are the elite category of hirelings Loyalty Morale Adjustment
whose services are available to the
3 or less –10*
wealthiest players only. Specialists are
4-5 –2
engaged to undertake specific tasks and
must be paid for a minimum of one month. 6-9 –1
Monthly wages (in gp) are independent of 9-12 .
race. 13-15 +1
16-17 +2
Alchemists can duplicate a potion from a
18 or more +10**
sample or a proven formula at one-half the
regular cost. They can also research and * Will desert at the first opportunity
produce poisons: although use of poison is ** Absolutely loyal; will never desert
considered an evil act.
Animal trainers are necessary to train animals of any non-domesticated kind. An animal
trainer can train only one specific type of creature, and no more than six such creatures
can be trained at any one time. The duration of any training is determined by the referee.
An armorer is mandatory to maintain the arms and armor of every 50 fighters. While
otherwise idle, an armorer can fashion three shields or two helms per week, or one suit
of mail per month, or one suit of plate in two months. Two assistant smiths will double
this volume. Six assistant smiths will treble this volume.
Assassins can be found only rarely. No more than 1-6 are available in any game year.
Success is determined by the referee according to the power and precautions taken by
the subject. Hiring an assassin is considered an evil act.
An engineer is required during the construction of castles, strongholds, and other
fortifications. They are also required to successfully undermine castle walls and for any
tunneling or mining.
A sage is a master of esoteric knowledge who can function in an advisory capacity.
Sailors are required to man any sea-faring ship. In
ship-to-ship combat they are equivalent to buc- Specialist Hirelings
caneers (see Volume III, page 6).
Monthly
A ship’s captain is required to effectively run any Type Cost
sea-faring vessel, maintaining order, discipline, and
Alchemist 1,800 gp
sea worthiness.
Animal Trainer 300 gp
A smith is mandatory to maintain horseshoes, Armorer 90 gp
harness, buckles, axles, wheels, and so on for every Assassin 3,000 gp
50 horses. While otherwise idle, a smith can fashion Engineer 600 gp
one score arrow heads, or two axes, swords, spears, Sage 1,200 gp
and so on, or a single two handed sword per week.
Sailor 6 gp
Spies can be found only rarely. No more than 1-6 Ship’s Captain 120 gp
are available in any game year. These are used to Smith 30 gp
infiltrate, eaves drop, shadow, and so on for the Spy 900 gp
obtaining of information or trinkets, or the planting
of the same. Assassinations are not performed, however. Success is determined by the
referee according to the precautions taken by the subject.

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CREATING A DUNGEON
Before the players can explore the labyrinthine underworld, the referee must map at least
one such dungeon on a sheet of graph paper. A dungeon should have many levels and
sub-levels that are interconnected by stairs, trap doors, chutes, slanting passages and
so on. The referee is advised to firstly draw a cross section of the entire structure to best
understand the means of egress between the various levels.
A dungeon need not be mapped completely – indeed its boundaries may well be limitless.
It should, however, extend as far as the players are likely to explore in their initial delve.
Thus, the referee is advised to plan much of the first level, and some parts of the second
and third levels. Each square of a dungeon level plan should represent 10ft in the
dungeon and, like the campaign map, dungeon maps must remain unknown to the
players.
It is desirable that there be several dungeon entrances, that there be a number routes
between the various levels, and that richer areas be harder to find. Deeper dungeon
levels will be more rewarding but also more dangerous, so players should (usually) be
allowed to navigate to the desired dungeon level when such routes are known.
Having drawn a cross section and begun mapping of the first few levels, the referee
should note at least one entrance to the dungeon (an entry into the first dungeon level)
on his campaign map and give the dungeon a name.

SAMPLE DUNGEON CROSS SECTION

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POPULATING A DUNGEON
With a dungeon level planned, or substantially so, the referee must distribute monsters,
traps and treasure throughout the maze. The principle treasures should be placed
thoughtfully, then random determination used to fill the balance of the level.
The referee should roll two six-sided dice for each chamber or extensive passage and
consult the following table.

Where monsters are indicated the

referee should consult the random Random Dungeon Location
monster tables for the appropriate 2-12 Content
dungeon level. Note that monsters 2 Treasure guarded by trap
are not all “meant” to be beatable. 3 Trap
Some will be deadly foes, and players 4 Treasure guarded by monster
should learn to flee from these. 5 Monster
Monsters guarding treasure are 6-8 Empty
determined as above, ignoring any 9 Monster
monster types without treasure, and 10 Treasure guarded by monster
assuming that the location is the 11-12 Unguarded treasure
indicated monsters’ lair (or ante to it).

Random Encounter Table Determination

Dungeon Dungeon Encounter Table to Consult
Level 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1-5 6 . . . .
1 1-4 5-6 . . . .
2 1-2 3-5 6 . . .
3 1 2-4 5-6 . . .
4 . 1-2 3-5 6 . .
5 . 1 2-4 5-6 . .
6 . . 1-2 3-5 6 .
7 . . 1 2-4 5-6 .
8 . . . 1-2 3-5 6
9 . . . 1 2-4 5-6
10 . . . . 1-2 3-6
11 . . . . 1 2-6
12+ . . . . . 1-6

Unguarded treasures should be hidden behind secret doors, under trapdoors or floors,
up chimneys, made to look plain or invisible by illusions, or locked in safes or strong
boxes. In short, the players should face some challenge to gain them. They should include
200-1,200 sp per dungeon level (or 100-600 sp for any upper works prior to dungeon
level 1), a 50% chance of a like quantity of gp, a 5% chance per dungeon level of a like
value in gems or jewellery, and a 5% chance per two dungeon levels of 1-3 magic items.

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Traps can be determined according to the following:
Trap Types
Blasts unleash a sudden burst of fire, electricity, frost,
1-12 Trap
or acid when a portal, book, or chest is opened, or
1 Blast
when a threshold is crossed, and so on. These typically
2 Chute or slide
cause 1-6 points of damage per dungeon level.
3 Curse
4 Deadfall Chutes or Slides are greased, steeply inclined
passages, possibly from collapsing stairs or pits, which
5 Distortion
are one-way routes to monster lairs or deeper levels.
6 Geas
7 Mantrap Curses cause permanent blindness, sleep, weakness,
8 Pit contrariness, alignment change, monstrous form,
9 Poison contraction of deadly diseases, or similar.
10 Spiked pit Deadfalls cause heavy logs or stones to drop from
11 Spring above or swing in sideways to crush the victims. These
12 Teleportation can be immediately fatal, deliver 6-36 points of
damage, or push victims into a pit or over a precipice.
Distortions can alter the flow of time, the appearance of distance, or the sense of depth
or direction. While this may seem relatively benign, a ravine that appears only 10ft deep
can be deadly, and a room or a dungeon level that accelerates time one-hundred fold
can change the entire campaign!
Geas traps magically compel the victim to perform some quest or deed or to undertake
some undesirable action. Possibilities include delivering all treasure to some vault,
converting one hundred persons to a particular faith, slaying the dragon on the next
level, attacking the nearest person, and so on.
Mantraps seal one or more victims in a confined space by closing portals, dropping
bars or heavy weights over exits, or sinking an entire chamber into a space from which
there is no exit. Some will then fill with water, gas, slime or monsters. Others have falling
ceilings or walls that draw together to crush whoever is trapped within.
Pits are typically 10-40ft deep and covered by trap doors or collapsing lids. If passed
over, a pit will open on a roll of 1-2, and some will automatically snap shut. A pit could
be empty or contain a monster. Hitting the bottom will cause 1-6 hit points damage per
10ft fallen, and any monster present will have a surprise attack. Other pits could be filled
with water causing armored characters to drown (see page 24) or acid.
Poison could be released as a jet, spray or cloud, or injected via a spring loaded needle
to the unwary hand or foot. Poisoning can cause paralysis, sleep, or death.
Spiked Pits are as regular pits, but contain a fearsome array of spears, blades and
jagged edges that point upward. These will cause an additional 2-12 hit points of
damage should anyone fall upon them. The spikes may or may not be poisoned.
Spring loaded taps cause spears or blades to spring suddenly from the floor or out of
the walls or ceiling, or darts or bolts to come shooting down a passage or into a doorway.
These are often triggered by pressure plates or trip wires that could be avoided. The
blades or missiles might also be poisoned, of course.
Teleportation traps will send an individual or group elsewhere instantly. Destinations
might include an identical room with nothing to indicate that teleportation has occurred,
a dragon’s lair, a safe haven, another dungeon level, a location thousands of miles
away, or even on another planet or plane of existence.
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Dungeon Encounter Tables

1-12 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3
1 Berserkers Carrion crawlers Cavebear
2 Brigands Crocodiles Cockatrices
3 Centipedes, large Dragons, young Dragons, adult
4 Dragons, hatchling Gargoyles Hydra, 4-6 heads
5 Goblins Gelatinous cubes Lycanthropes
6 Hobgoblins Ghouls Minotaurs
7 Kobolds Gnolls Mummies
8 Non-player characters Lizard men Non-player characters
9 Orcs Medusae Ogres
10 Skeletons Non-player characters Scorpions
11 Spiders, large Thulls Spiders, giant
12 Zombies Wights Wraiths

Dungeon Encounter Tables

1-12 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6
1 Basilisks Dragons, old Cyclops
2 Dragons, mature Efreet Dragons, ancient
3 Elemental, 8 HD Elemental, 12 HD Elemental, 16 HD
4 Giants, hill Giants, cloud Gothrogs
5 Giants, stone Giants, fire Juggernaut
6 Golems, flesh Giants, frost Living statues, iron
7 Gorgons, Golems, clay Non-player characters
8 Hydra, 5-8 heads Hydra, 7-12 heads Purple worms
9 Non-player characters Living statues, stone Stegosaurus
10 Salamanders Non-player characters Titans
11 Spectres Snake, giant, constrictor Triceratops
12 Trolls Vampires Tyrannosaurus Rexes

Where non-player characters are indicated, these will be bands of 1-6 leveled
characters of a randomly determined type (fighters, magic-users or clerics, with thieves
appearing optionally). Each character has as many experience levels as the dungeon
level they are encountered on, and the whole group will be accompanied by 2-12
bodyguards, as well as 1-6 pages, acolytes or apprentices with up to half as many
experience levels as their superiors.
Fighters have a 5% chance per experience level of possessing a magic sword, and are
half as likely to possess a magic shield or magic armor (roll separately for each).
Clerics are 5% likely per experience level to possess either a magic mace, flail, or
hammer, or else a magic staff. They are half as likely to possess a magic shield or magic
armor (roll separately for each).
Magic-users are 5% likely per experience level to possess a magic wand, and are half
as likely to have a magic ring, and also a miscellaneous magic item (roll separately for
each).
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SAMPLE DUNGEON LEVEL

Following is an example of how a dungeon level might be contrived. The key areas A,
B, and C have been placed by design with the remainder randomly determined.
A. Green Dragon Lair. Two green dragon young were ensconced here by their mother
who has since gone missing. A single young green dragon [AC 3, MV 9” (fly 21”, swim
12”), HD 4, hp 16] remains now, furious that he has been “abandoned”. The chamber
is flooded with water, which has turned foul because of the dragon (who can breathe
underwater). Natural light enters via an overgrown sink hole above, which he can wriggle
out of. The dragon spends most of his time below the water along with his treasure, so
neither will immediately be seen. The treasure is 800 gp, 2,000 sp, 20 green gemstones
worth 10-40 gp each, and an enchanted spear +1, +3 versus reptiles.
B. Kobold Digs. 38 kobolds [AC 6, MV 6”, HD ½] led by a kobold King with 1+1 HD,
and his 6 body guards with 1 HD each, dwell in areas B1 and B2. The kobold King’s
treasure is a chest of 7,000 cp; the renegades at 4 have stolen the rest of his loot.
C. Eye of the Wold. An escape capsule from a space ship was entombed in the rock
here hundreds of years ago. Entry is via a keypad pressure door of unknown operation.
Inside are 4 androids [AC 9, MV 12”, HD 3] in dysfunctional cryogenic chambers. Each
can be activated and, after a turn of “defrosting”, is thereafter equal to a 2nd level
magic-user with 3 HD. Alignment and reaction of each should be determined randomly.
They have no knowledge of their origin or purpose. They have 15 brittle, colored crystal
“wands” worth 50-80 gp. Each has one 1st level spell encoded in its crystalline structure.
1. Orcs. An expeditionary company of 14 orcs [AC 8, MV 9”, HD 1] are sheltering here
from daylight, or preparing to depart if night has fallen. They are superstitious about the
“smell” of the dungeon and have no plan to delve further.
2. Fountain Room. This quiet chamber contains a fountain with a cool, steady trickle
of fresh water. It is an ideal place to rest.
3. Lake Chamber. The southern end of this great vault is flooded by a cold, dark body
of water. The air carries the tang of chlorine, and there are numerous small, dead fish
floating in the lake. The water has been poisoned by the dragon in neighboring A.
4. Pretender’s Foothold. 19 renegade kobolds [AC 6, MV 6”, HD ½] led by a pretender
King with 1+1 HD contest the “safer” territory of the dungeon level with their brethren
at B. These will venture into areas 3 and 5. Their treasure is hidden beyond a low tunnel
covered by a moveable rock and consists of 900 sp and a necklace worth 25 gp.
5. Dusty Room. This place is empty, but kobold lookouts from 4 keep an eye on it.
6. Hobgoblin Party. 11 hobgoblins [AC 6, MV 9”, HD 1+1] from the northern parts
of the dungeon have come to investigate rumors of a dragon (and its treasure). Should
they find it, their orders are to hasten back in order to return in greater numbers.
7. Deadly Pool. This central chamber contains a large, still fountain. Scores of gold
and silver coins can be seen in the apparently shallow water, but in fact they cannot be
reached and the water is poisonous – drinking it will cause death although a successful
saving throw versus poison results instead in an enchanted slumber for 1-6 hours.
Touching (not swallowing) the water allows a +4 adjustment to the saving throw.
8. Quiet Room. This vault is strangely quiet, but completely benign.
9. Checkpoint. This room might once have been a checkpoint, but is long disused.

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10. Centipede Nest. This wretched chamber is crawling with 13 hideous centipedes
[AC 9, MV 3”, HD ½] that nest in the pile of waste and detritus that has accumulated
here. Buried at the heart of their filthy nest is the body of a most unfortunate dwarf whose
purse still contains 19 gp.
11. Empty Room. This room is unremarkable excepting that both doors are locked.
12. Apprehensive Chamber. The tang of chlorine lingers near the southern end of
this chamber and a few spats of kobold blood can be found upon the floor. The kobolds
at B fear to come this way, though they don’t know why.
13. Hatchling’s Retreat. A truant green dragon hatchling [AC 4, MV 6” (fly 18”, swim
9”), HD 1+3, hp 9] from A has gotten lost and is holed up here. She knows the common
tongue but is not magic-using. She is aware of her vulnerability, and is content to hide
in her secret hole and snap up stray kobolds for meals. She will promise the pick of her
mother’s treasure to anyone who will lead her safely to A. Of course, she doesn’t know
the way, and will not give away treasure unless she absolutely must. She wears a
bejeweled gold ring on each of her fore-claws, worth 80 gp apiece.
14. Pit Trap. This intersection conceals a 20ft deep pit trap which will open should
anyone cross it, with the fall resulting in 2-12 hit points of damage. Anyone aware of
the pit can edge their way around it without triggering it. The trap resets itself 2 turns
after it is sprung.

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UNDERWORLD EXPLORATION
The referee is advised to keep careful track of time as the players explore the underworld.
Exploration is conducted in turns of 10 minute duration and all distances are in tens of
feet. Thus, a movement rate of 12” is reckoned to be 120ft underground, with two such
moves allowed per turn of cautious progress; listening for noises, watching for ambush,
making a map, and so on. If all caution is abandoned (during flight or pursuit, for
example) then four such moves are allowed but mapping becomes impossible.
Searching for traps, treasure, or secret doors should take a full turn. The referee must
adjudicate how long other activities will take, including hiding, the use of divinations,
circumventing traps, and so on.
Light is essential underground. Torches, lanterns, and magic spells can be used to
illuminate the way, though the former may be extinguished by sudden gusts of air. Torches
and lanterns will light a 30ft radius and burn for 6 or 24 turns, respectively, while magic
spells of illumination are of various durations. Dungeon denizens are assumed to see
well in the dark, however, and carrying light will foil any possibility of surprising them
except when coming through a door.
Listening A dungeon should be troubled by distant creaks, echoes and moans, and any
player may wish to listen for these, or at a door before trying it, as a precautionary
measure. In such cases the referee should roll a six-sided die with a result of 6 (or a 5-6
for dwarfs, elves and halflings) indicating that the character identifies any audible sound.
Bickering orcs will be rackety, for example, while the undead are absolutely silent.
Doors in the dungeon are typically stuck and must be forced by strength. Men, dwarfs,
and elves will typically defeat them on a roll of 5-6 on a six-sided die, while halflings
and other weaklings would typically require a 6. Bursting through a door in this manner
might surprise whomever is on the other side, but any failed attempt will automatically
ruin this opportunity and might also attract wandering monsters to the noise. Two
characters can simultaneously throw their strength at a door, but they will be unable to
react to whatever is lurking on the other side as they burst through.
Dungeon denizens, however, have the knack of opening each door and can pass through
easily unless a door has been held shut by the characters. Despite the difficulty in opening
them, doors will automatically close. Even if a door is wedged open by the characters,
it will later be found to have closed if a roll of a six-sided die is a 1-2.
Secret Doors and passages can be discovered by any player actively searching on a
roll of 5-6 on a six-sided die (but see also elves and dwarfs). Locating a secret door will
reveal the mechanism for opening it, but not activate it. It must be intentionally operated
by the character.
Traps are sprung on a roll of 1-2 on six-sided die as a character passes over or nearby.
Many of these are deadly. Traps can be located before they are sprung, however, in
much the same manner as can secret doors (see especially dwarfs). Once found, a trap
can usually be circumvented or avoided.
Rest One turn of rest is required after a combat or any hour of exploration, and two
turns of rest are required after flight or pursuit.

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UNDERWORLD ENCOUNTERS
Each dungeon level has the possibility of keyed encounters as well as wandering monsters.
The former are monster lairs, hideouts, treasuries, meeting places, and so on devised
by the referee during the dungeon level design. In addition to these the referee should
check for wandering monsters at the end of each turn of exploration. This is done by
throwing a six-sided die, with a 6 indicating the appearance of dungeon denizens.
The kind of monster should be determined randomly. This is accomplished firstly by
rolling to ascertain which dungeon encounter table to use (see page 8), and second
rolling secondly on the dungeon encounter table so indicated (see page 9).
Wandering Monsters The number of wandering monsters encountered should be as
per the “No. Encountered” given for their type in Volume III. Having determined their
numbers, the referee should then roll to determine whether there is a lair of such monsters
nearby. If so, then any member of the wandering group slain or captured is deducted
from those found later in the lair.
More fearsome monsters are often (but not always) fewer in number, but even the lowliest
sorts can be deadly in their multitudes. The referee can exercise his discretion if an
undesired encounter is indicated, remembering always that deeper dungeon levels are
intended to be more dangerous than shallower dungeon levels.
Surprise When wandering monsters are encountered, the referee must first determine
whether either party is surprised. Surprise is possible only when one or both parties are
unaware of the other. Light, noise, listening at or forcing doors, and various divinations
can negate this opportunity, otherwise either party will surprise the other on a roll of 5-6
on a six-sided die.
Encounter Distance If either party is surprised an encounter will begin at 10-40ft
distance, and the surprised party will be unable to respond for one round. Otherwise,
an encounter will begin at 30-120ft distance.
Monster Behavior With or without surprise, the direction and manner of a monster’s
approach should be adjudicated by the referee in accordance with its type, the
surroundings, and the disposition of the players.

Unintelligent monsters will simply attack, while those

with any cunning will judge the situation accordingly. Monster Reaction
Some monsters are predisposed to attack certain types,
2-12 Reaction
while chaotics are predisposed to attack lawfuls, and
vice versa. 2 Hostile
3-4 Negative
The referee can otherwise determine monster behavior 5-9 Uncertain
according to the following table, adjusting any roll for
10-11 Positive
bribes offered, perceived threats, differences of race
12 Enthusiastic
or alignment, and so on.

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Avoiding Monsters The players have the option to flee whenever monsters are surprised
or are more than 30ft distant. Monsters will pursue unless they are surprised or have a
proper motivation not to.
Flight and pursuit is at double pace with no mapping possible. The gap will open or
close according to the movement rates of the two parties, and pursuit will continue for
so long as the monsters do not fall more than a full move behind (e.g., 90ft behind for
monsters with a movement rate of 9”). The players may wish to discard treasure or
equipment in order to lighten their encumbrance and increase their lead. Should the
players turn a corner, take a stair, or pass through a door the pursuers will continue only
if a throw of a six-sided die is 5-6.
Moreover, discarded foodstuffs will distract unintelligent pursuers on a roll of 2-6 and
base-intelligence or highly intelligent pursuers on a die roll of 4-6 or 6, respectively.
Treasure is inversely likely to distract pursuers, and burning oil is also an effective deterrent.
Maintaining Freshness As the players explore a dungeon level, its monster stocks and
treasures will begin to be diminished, and so too will its mystery. While egress to the
greater challenges of lower levels is desirable, the referee should never allow any
dungeon level to become too well known.
If ever even a single chamber is left unguarded for any length of time there is the
possibility of new denizens arriving to replace losses. These might be from adjacent
areas, lower levels, or newly excavated passages. Moreover, monsters that previously
eluded the players might fortify areas by blocking or collapsing passages, barring doors,
setting new traps and so on. Intelligent enemies might even set alarms or leave warnings
in case of the players’ return.
The referee should not shy from extending the limits of a dungeon so that fresh areas
always await exploration. Should the players nonetheless become blasé, the referee can
introduce wholesale change due to cave-in, subsidence, flooding, supernatural winter,
reality distortion, slime plague, and so on. These are but a few of the options the referee
can employ to keep a dungeon fresh and challenging.

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 THE REFEREE’S GUIDE
EXAMPLE OF PLAY Referee: Okay, roll for Ardnutt’s attack.

Jossie the thief, Quiggley the magic-user, and Ellanor Ardnutt: [Rolls a 12 on a 20-sided die] Enough?
the cleric stand helplessly by as Ardnutt the dwarf and Referee: [The referee consults the attack matrix and
Gunner the fighter smash through a dungeon door. sees that Ardnutt needs a 15 or better to hit the
Play continues... dragon’s AC 4] Afraid not, it deflects off the dragon’s
Referee: The pair of you tumble into the dark room hard scales.
and are surprised to find it occupied by a sinuous Players: (Groans).
dragon! Referee: And now the dragon retaliates [sees that the
Quiggley: Yikes! How big is it? 3 HD dragon only needs a 12 or better to hit Ardnutt’s
Referee: [The referee has notes indicating it’s a young AC 5, and throws a 15] and snaps Ardnutt in its jaws
black dragon, and decides it is awake due to the clatter for [throws a 3 on a six-sided die] 3 points of damage.
the players made busting down the door. As they have Ardnutt is vanquished!
just burst through the door they are automatically Ardnutt: Nooo! I’m a goner guys.
surprised. He throws two six-sided dice to determine Referee: Jossie and Ellanor arrive as it’s all over for
the dragon’s reaction and rolls a 3. The dragon is Ardnutt. Roll your attacks please…
hostile]. It’s a young black dragon, and it is greatly
Jossie: [Throws an 18] A hit, surely?
displeased. Seeing as Gunner and Ardnutt are
surprised it gets an unanswered attack right away. Ellanor: [Throws a 13] Mine’s a miss, I think.
Players: Seriously?! Referee: [Consults the attack matrix to see that both
players require a roll of 16 or better to hit] Yes, Jossie
Referee: [Rolls the dragon’s 3+2 HD and notes the
scores a hit but Ellanor misses. Roll for damage, please.
result; only 9 hit points] It’s a hungry looking specimen,
but it immediately fires a cruel jet of acid at the two Jossie: [Throws a 5 on a six-sided die] Take that!
fighters from its jaws, scorching them for 9 points of Referee: That really hurt it [notes that the dragon now
damage each. Roll your saving throws versus breath has only 4 hit points remaining]. What to do next round?
weapons please.
Jossie & Ellanor: Revenge! Attack!
Adrnutt: [Throws a 19 on a 20-sided die] Yes!
Quiggley: Quiggley peers through the doorway, and
Gunner: [Throws a 4 on a 20-sided die] No! if there is no danger he fires off his magic-missile spell.
Referee: Ardnutt rolls aside in time and takes only 4 Referee: Right, let’s roll initiative for Jossie and Ellanor
points of damage, but Gunner takes the brunt of it the [having already decided the dragon will use its breath
full 9 hit points. He only had 6 hit points, so he’s weapon again, the referee throws a 2 for its initiative].
a goner. Jossie: [Throws a 4 and adds 1 for her high dexterity]
Ardnutt: Ouch. I’ve only got 2 points left. That’s a 5.
Gunner: (Groan) I’m dead, sorry guys. Ellanor: [Throws a 1] Curse that die, it’s a 1.
Referee: That was the surprise round, what do you Referee: Jossie reacts quickest – roll your attack please.
want to do in the next round? Jossie: [Throws a 9 on a 20-sided die] doh!
Jossie: It only has 9 hit points, c’mon guys we can take Referee: That’s a miss sorry, and now the dragon
it! Jossie runs at it with her short sword. unleashes another blast of its acid breath! Jossie and
Ellanor must both save versus breath weapons.
Ardnutt: Still steaming from acid burns, Ardnutt roars
Jossie & Ellanor
and hews into it with his battle axe.
Referee: Jossie takes 4 hit points, but Ellanor dodges
Ellanor: It’s all or nothing! Ellanor charges in after
the worst of it and takes only 2 hit points.
Jossie and attacks with her mace.
Jossie: That’s bad, Jossie has 0 hit points left!
Quiggley: I’m not so sure about this. Quiggley stays
Referee: Jossie is dissolved into a puddle of mush!
outside on the look out for any new arrivals. Ellanor, make your attack roll now please.
Referee: Okay, so everyone but Quiggley rushes the Ellanor: [Throws a 4 on a 20-sided die] Nooo! It’s a
dragon, which will try to finish Ardnutt off. miss!
[The referee rules that Jossie and Ellanor will attack last Referee: It is. And now Quiggley appears in the
as they had to run into the room, and that Ardnutt and doorway to fire off his spell. Make your damage roll
the dragon will make initiative rolls to determine who
attacks first]. Roll Ardnutt’s initiative. [He simultaneously Quiggley
throws a 5 on a six-sided die for the dragon’s initiative]. on a six-sided die] (Cheers) Yes!
Ardnutt Referee: The dragon is slain! And its glittering treasure
six-sided die] (Cheers) It is good! hoard is arrayed before the two survivors…
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DELVING DEEPER: VOLUME II

COMBAT
These mechanics are intentionally abstract so melee is fast and furious as it should be.
Combat is resolved in rounds of approximately one minute. Either or both sides may be
surprised at the onset, otherwise both sides declare and resolve actions each round.
Morale can be checked against losses at the end of any round and may precipitate
withdrawal, rout, or surrender. If both sides continue to give battle the combat continues
for another round.
Surprise allows one round of unanswered actions. If these should include attacks they
will be at +2 to hit and a target so struck will drop any held object on a roll of 1-2 on
a six-sided die.
Intentions Each player declares his intent for the upcoming round, stating whether his
character will attack, utter a spell, overturn a boiling cauldron, and so on.
Initiative The referee then resolves all actions for the round in whatever order he judges
fair. He may grant initiative to those firing missiles into advancing enemies, those set to
receive a charge, those with the advantage of reach, and so on. If reaction speed is the
question then initiative can be determined by rolling one die per group, or per combatant
(adjusting for dexterity), with the higher score gaining the first attack that round. Magic
spells are treated much as are other actions, excepting that they are ruined if the caster
is interrupted before completing his spell.

MELEE
Any character within reach is eligible to attack. His performance throughout the round
is determined with a roll of one 20-sided die. Monsters and fighters instead roll one die
for each of their own hit dice against enemies with fewer than 3 hit dice.
Attack rolls may be adjusted for tactical factors, spells, magic weaponry and so on, and
the result compared to the target’s armor class on the attack matrix. A total equal to or
greater than the indicated figure will cause 1-6 hit points of damage to the target;
otherwise no damage is caused. Note that spears cause 2-12 hit points if set against a
charge, and some monsters and magic weapons can cause more damage.
Should any character be reduced to zero (or fewer) hit points he is slain, but whether
sustaining damage otherwise affects a character is left to the referee’s discretion. Any
unresolved attacks remaining to a slain character are wasted.
Note that melee requires space. Up to six men can surround a single man-sized target
(with rear attacks striking at +2 to hit), while up to eight men can surround a larger
monster. The referee should allow perhaps three men to stand abreast in a 10ft wide
passage if they carry spears; swords and axes would require more space.

MISSILE FIRE
Missile fire is as melee combat except that attack rolls are adjusted for dexterity.
Additionally, short range fire (including most missiles shot underground) is at +2 to hit.
Hand-hurled missiles are reckoned to always be at medium range and are thus at +1
to hit, while long range missile fire is usually possible only outdoors and is at normal hit
probability. All missile fire on the move is at –2 to hit (other than for elves firing bows).
Firing into melee would be extremely risky and is not normally allowed.
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 THE REFEREE’S GUIDE
Fireballs, lightning bolts, and like missiles must occupy their full area of effect. Hurling
these into confined spaces will cause them to rebound off walls to fill the necessary space
wherever it is, including back towards the sender.

Referee’s Attack Matrix

Character Level Monster 20-Sided Roll Required
Magic- Clerics, Hit To Hit Armor Class
Users Thieves Fighters Dice 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1-2 1 . Up to 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
3-4 2-3 1-2 1+ 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
5-6 4-5 3-4 2 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
7-8 6-7 5 3 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
9-10 8 6 4 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
11-12 9 7 5 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6
13-14 10-11 8 6 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
15-16 12-13 9-10 7 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
17-18 14-15 11 8 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
19-20 16-17 12-13 9 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
21-22 18-19 14 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2
23-24 20 15 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 2
25-26 21 16 12 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 2

ATTACKING TO SUBDUE
Intelligent monsters (including man-types) can be subdued and made to surrender if this
intent is announced prior to attacks being resolved. Thereafter, damage from subdual
hits is recorded separately to damage from actual hits. After any round of subdual
damage the referee must determine the sum of subdual damage sustained as a
percentage of actual hit points. Confidence is then checked with a hundred-sided die
roll and any result lower than the percentage of subdual damage sustained indicates
the monster is subdued.
Subdued monsters will obey without reaction checks initially, and can be sold as slaves,
pets, curiosities, or else brought into service as retainers if an acceptable offer is made.

MORALE
The players have their own morale and need not check unless compelled to do so by
magic or other factors, while unintelligent monsters will usually fight until slain. However,
it may be necessary to check the morale of other monsters (including man-types) either
fighting the players or serving them. The referee alone may adjudicate when morale
should be checked and can do so by throwing two six-sided dice. A 2 indicates very
poor morale and a 12 indicates very good morale. With circumstantial adjustments
(including retainer loyalty) the result will then determine the reaction of the monster or
retainer in question.

HEALING
Lost hit points can be recovered by magical means and also by ordinary rest – albeit at
a much slower rate. One hit point is regained after every two days of complete rest, but
no other productive activity can be undertaken in this period.
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DELVING DEEPER: VOLUME II

WILDERNESS EXPLORATION
The referee will already have a map of the players’ starting location and the surrounding
countryside. This will be critical for exploration and for the establishment of strongholds,
trade, and alliances later in the game. Whether regions unknown to the players are
drawn in advance or as they explore is up the referee. In any case, the principle features
should be placed thoughtfully with the remainder being filled in by random determination.

FRIENDLY SETTLEMENTS
Random Wilderness Hex Areas surroundings towns and cities
2-12 Hex Description are usually relatively safe, although
2 Stronghold monsters might still come and go by
3 Ruin or other dungeon one deceit or another. Farther from
4 Lowland or swamp civilization, however, roads are unkept
5 Highland or crags and there will be few (if any) patrols.
6-7 Grassland or plain Folk are unfriendly if not dangerous,
8 Woods and any kind of monster might be
9 Riverland encountered.
10-11 Village and farmland The referee can assume that the 3
12 Town* hexes (18 mile radius) around a
* Or a city if a second throw is 11+ friendly city or stronghold is cleared,
patrolled, or otherwise relatively safe.
Towns and villages may control smaller areas, but all that lies beyond this immediate
vicinity is known as “wilderness”. These vast tracts are dotted with villages and towns,
castles, enclaves, abandoned ruins, and other curiosities awaiting discovery.

MOVEMENT
For the purpose of wilderness exploration each turn is a day in duration. The movement
rates for common modes of transport are given below. It is assumed that each hexagon
(or “hex”) is 6 miles across.
Difficult terrain, including woods,
Wilderness Exploration Rate swamps, hills, desert, and rough
Move Hexes lands all slow ground movement by
Transportation Rate per Day half, except along a road. Rivers are
Man afoot 12” 2 impassable other than at fords and
Man afoot, encumbered 6” 1 bridges, as are mountains other than
Horse, riding 24” 4 by paths that can be navigated at
Horse, draft 12” 2 half rate on foot only.
Horse, war 18” 3 All travelers require a full day of rest
Wagon train 6” 1 after six days on the move. Dragons,
Mule 12” 2 however, require a full week of sleep
after six weeks of activity.

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 THE REFEREE’S GUIDE
Becoming Lost So long as players stick to established roads and trails they will have
little difficulty navigating from one settlement to another. However, once they strike out
into the wilderness it is possible to become lost. The referee should roll a six-sided die
each day with a 1 indicating geographical embarrassment in clear terrain, a 1-2
indicating such in woods, hills, or crags, and a 1-4 indicating such in swamp, desert, or
mountains. If characters become lost they will move in an undesired direction that day
(but not necessarily realize it).
Wandering Monsters occur in the wilderness as they do in the underworld. The referee
should check but once per day within the immediate vicinity of a friendly settlement or
stronghold, with a roll of 6 indicating an encounter. In the wilderness proper he should
check once, twice or thrice per day depending on the terrain the players are in, and
should make one additional check per day if the players are lost.
When an encounter is indicated the referee can determine the type of monster by rolling
on the appropriate encounter table for the terrain type.

Wilderness Encounter Tables

1-12 Swamp Woods Plains
1 Basilisks Animals Animals
2 Crocodiles Centaurs Dinosaurs
3 Dragons, black Dragons, green Dragons
4 Giants Dryads Giant animals
5 Hydra Elves Giant beetles
6 Kobolds Gnomes Giants
7 Lizardmen Lycanthropes Gnolls
8 Medusea Men, brigands Horses
9 Men, berserkers Non-player characters Men, nomads
10 Non-player characters Pixies Non-player characters
11 Purple worms Treants Orcs
12 Trolls Unicorns Purple worms

Wilderness Encounter Tables

1-12 Crags Desert Arctic
1 Dragons, red Chimeras Cave bears
2 Dwarfs Djinn Cavemen
3 Gargoyles Dragons, blue Dinosaurs
4 Giant spiders Efreet Dragons, white
5 Goblins Giant centipedes Giant animals
6 Hippogriffs Giant scorpions Giants, frost
7 Hobgoblins Giant snakes Mastodons
8 Men, mercenaries Giants Non-player characters
9 Minotaurs Men, dervishes/zealots Purple worms
10 Non-player characters Non-player characters Wolves
11 Ogres Salamanders Woolly mammoths
12 Spotted lions Wyverns Woolly rhinoceros

See also page 24.

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DELVING DEEPER: VOLUME II
Surprise occurs in the wilderness (as it does in the underworld) on a roll of 5-6 although
animals will not be surprised from upwind, and so on. If the players are surprised they
will typically find themselves encircled.
Encounter Distance If either party is surprised the encounter will begin at 10-40 yards
distance; otherwise it begins at 30-120 yards distance. Melee attack range is 10 yards
(rather than 10ft as in the underworld).
Reaction Monster reaction to the players’ characters in the wilderness is as in the
underworld.

EVASION AND PURSUIT

A smaller group may desire to evade a larger group rather than encountered them.
Hostile monsters (including stronghold inhabitants) will pursue on a roll of 4-6, while
neutrals will pursue only on a roll of 6.
The possibility of successfully evading an encounter is determined by the relative size of
the two parties. If the evaders are not more than one-quarter as numerous as the enemy
they will evade on a roll of 3-6. If they are no more than half as numerous as the enemy
they will evade on a roll of 4-6. Otherwise, they will evade on a roll of 5-6.
The odds of evasion are adjusted as follows:
Surprise If the pursuers were surprised then evasion is 1 chance in 6 more likely to
succeed. If the evaders were surprised then there is no opportunity to evade (but see
below).
Low visibility Woods, misty swamps, night, rain, fog or snow all increase the chance of
successful evasion by 1 in 6, even if surprised.
Speed If either side's movement rate is at least twice as fast as the other, the odds of
successful evasion (or pursuit) are tipped in their favor by 1 chance in 6, even if surprised.
To resolve an evasion/pursuit scenario, the evaders should roll one die. If the result is
high enough they move one hex in a random direction while the pursuit is left searching
in the original hex. Otherwise, the pursuit catches up with them before they leave the
hex and an encounter is unavoidable.
Assuming that the evaders have moved out of the original hex, the referee must check
whether or not the pursuers will continue to give chase. This is 50% likely unless specific
circumstances dictate otherwise. If the monsters pursue, they are moved into the same
hex as the evaders. The procedure is then repeated until the pursuers are evaded, or
an encounter occurs.
Note that mapping is impossible during evasion/pursuit, and the evaders are assumed
to be lost for the purpose of determining further random encounters. After resolving a
pursuit both parties must rest for the remainder of the turn.

STRONGHOLDS
Where a stronghold is indicated it is an occupied keep, tower, or fastness at a strategic
locale such as a bluff, crossroads, valley, bridge or island. The principle resident of the
stronghold should be determined randomly, as indicated overleaf.
The resident will be of 9th to 12th experience level and will be attended by an entourage
as indicated above. These are as for a lair of the appropriate type, or else 1-6 individuals

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Stronghold Resident
1-6 Align Class Entourage (1-6)
1 C Anti-cleric Anti-heroes, Lycanthropes, Medusae, Mummies, Spectres, Vampires
2 C Magic-user Basilisks, Chimeras, Dragons, Efreet, Elementals, Gargoyles
3 C Fighter Anti-heroes, Dragons, Giants, Manticoras, Ogres, Trolls
4 N Fighter Djinn, Giants, Griffons*, Heroes, Lycanthropes, Wyverns
5 N Magic-user Centaurs, Djinn, Dragons, Elementals, Gorgons, Minotaurs
6 L Cleric Centaurs, Elementals, Heroes, Hippogriffs*, Rocs, Treants
* with riders

where no lair type is given. Heroes (and anti-heroes) indicate bands of 3-18 fighters of
2nd to 4th level.
In addition to this entourage, the resident may have one or several lieutenants of level
5-8. A fighter is 50% likely to be attended by a cleric or a magic-user. A magic-user is
50% likely to be attended by a fighter or 1-6 apprentices (magic-users levels 3-6), while
a cleric is 50% likely to be attended by a fighter or 1-6 assistants (clerics levels 3-6). In
each case roll separately for either.
Regardless of the above, a stronghold is manned by a force of 30-180 soldiers with a
similar number of supporting staff. If the principle resident is chaotic these are 50% likely
to be orcs, otherwise they are men.
Should the characters pass near a stronghold, the resident’s minions will spot them on
a roll of 6 at two hexes distance, on a roll of 5-6 at one hex distance, and on a roll of
4-6 if they pass within the same hex as the stronghold itself. If they are spotted, or hail
the stronghold directly, the resident will respond to their presence.
A chaotic strongholder will always attempt to slay, capture, enslave, or deceive the players
to gain whatever treasure or knowledge they might have, or hold out against them if
they are overly powerful.
A resident fighter will challenge the highest level fighter to a joust (which can be
resolved, initially, using the rules given for fighting to subdue). If the player’s character
should joust and win he earns the right to the challenger’s hospitality for up to a full
month for himself and his company, although the challenger might be reluctant to pay!
Should the player’s character joust and lose the challenger will demand his armor. If
they lack a fighter or decline the contest, the challenger will instead levy a toll of
1,000-4,000 gp against the players’ characters to pass.
A magic-user will exact a toll of one magic item of his choice from the players’
characters, or else 1,000-6,000 gp if they have nothing desirable. If they cannot pay
the magic-user may geas them to collect the necessary treasure on some quest. The
magic-user will take his pick of any loot recovered, or perhaps all of it.
A lawful cleric will require a tribute for his temple amounting to one-tenth part of
whatever wealth the players’ characters have. If they cannot pay the cleric may quest
them to perform some lawful mission, which if performed successfully will earn them his
hospitality (as above). An anti-cleric may demand one-forth part of whatever wealth the
players’ characters have and simply slay them if they cannot pay, or else quest them to
perform some chaotic mission that might be their undoing.

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SEAFARING EXPLORATION
Navigable inland waterways retain the wilderness scale of 6 miles to the hexagon, as do
coastal waters out to 18 miles. The open ocean is so vast, however, that each hexagon
instead covers 6 leagues (18 miles). Exploration by sea is otherwise similar to wilderness
exploration, excepting that players must of course have some ocean going vessel. These
are of two principle types: oared and sailed.
Oared vessels such as galleys and longships are not restricted by wind direction, but
galleys, rafts, and boats are not able to withstand the high seas of the open ocean. These
are limited to coastal waters except in calm weather.
Sailed vessels such as merchants and man-o-wars can run swiftly before the wind, but
otherwise must progress by a series of turns and tacks, and impaired speed. Travel into
the wind is impossible.
Movement rates given
Seafaring Exploration Rate for sailing ships assume
Oared Sailing Hexes running ‘fore the wind.
Transportation Rate Rate per Day Reaching, running, and
Raft 6” . 2 tacking is at half rate
Boat . 9” 3 (rounded down when
Small galley 9” . 3 tacking, otherwise
rounded up). 3” is
Large galley 12” . 4
added when traveling
Longship 15” . 5
with the current, or
Small merchant . 15” 5
subtracted when
Large merchant . 12” 4
moving against it.
Man-O-War . 9” 3

Reserves Note that with the exception of boats and rafts, all sailing ships carry reserve
oars and all oared ships carry reserve sails to be used if necessary. These allow movement
at half rate.
Weather The wind strength and
direction should be determined
Weather and Sailing Speed each day at sea. Roll one die to
2-12 Wind Sailing Speed determine which hex face the
2 Dead calm No sailing possible wind is blowing from, and two
3-4 Moderate –3” sailing speed six-sided dice to determine wind
5-9 Fresh Normal sailing speed strength.
10-11 Strong +3” sailing speed Storms Navigation is impossible
12 Storm Special in storm conditions and any
vessel risks being capsized. If not
wrecked a vessel is moved 1-6 hexes in a direction determined randomly (and secretly)
by the referee. Note that galleys, boats and rafts are subject to capsizing in the open
ocean in strong weather also.
Visibility Distance to the horizon is determined by height above sea level. From a crow’s
nest position, a sailor can see a ship up to one open ocean hex (18 miles) away in clear
weather.
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 THE REFEREE’S GUIDE
Resting All crews require a full day of rest after six days at sea or weathering a storm.
Encounters at Sea Wandering monsters occur at sea much as they do in the wilderness.
The referee need not worry while the players are within 18 miles of a friendly port, but
once out to sea proper he should check each day, or twice if the players are lost, with
a roll of 6 indicating an encounter.
When an encounter is indicated determine the type of monster by rolling on the
appropriate encounter table below:

Seafaring Encounter Tables

1-12 Coastal Waterway Open Ocean
1 Buccaneers Buccaneers Dragon turtles
2 Crabs, giant Crabs, giant Non-player characters
3 Dragon turtles Crocodiles Elemental, water, 16 HD
4 Non-player characters Crocodiles, giant Hydra, nine-headed
5 Elemental, water, 8 HD Elemental, water, 12 HD Hydra, twelve-headed
6 Hydra, eight-headed Non-player characters Ichthyosaurs
7 Hydra, eleven-headed Hydra, seven-headed Krakens
8 Kobolds Hydra, ten-headed Mermen
9 Leeches, giant Leeches, giant Octopi, giant
10 Lizard men Lizard men Pirates
11 Nixies Snakes, giant, constrictor Sea serpents
12 Pirates Snakes, giant, viper Squids, giant

Surprise occurs at sea (as it does in the underworld) on a roll of 5-6 with enemy ships
or monsters emerging suddenly out of fog banks or rain squalls, from behind rolling
waves, or surfacing from underwater. If the players are surprised the enemy will typically
come at them from upwind.
Encounter Distance If either party is surprised an encounter will begin at 100-400 yards
distance; otherwise it begins at 300-1,200 yards distance. Artillery range is 300 yards.
Reaction Monster reaction to the players’ characters at sea is as in the underworld.

SEAFARING COMBAT
Vessels can engage in ship to ship (or ship to sea monster) combat. For this purpose
ships are treated much as monsters with hull dice for HD, and hull points for hit points.
The referee can
use a scale of 1” Ship Statistics
to 100 yards to Hull
resolve man- Vessel Dice Artillery Crew
euvering and Raft 1 . 2 rowers
missile fire as Boat 1 . 2 sailors
ships approach Small galley 5 1 12 sailors, 48 rowers, 24 marines
one another, Large galley 8 2 24 sailors, 96 rowers, 36 marines
giving due con- Longship 6 . 72 rowers
sideration to Small merchant 4 . 18 sailors, 15 marines
weather con-
Large merchant 7 . 36 sailors, 30 marines
ditions.
Man O War 10 2 30 sailors, 72 marines
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Artillery, spells, and missiles can be fired but once per turn. Wind direction, tactical
positions, and vessel facings can be marked on a large hex map if desired, or simply
noted as closing distances. Oared ships can produce a burst of speed during combat,
adding 6” to movement rate for up to three turns, after which the crew is exhausted.
Small galleys are assumed to carry a single piece of artillery while large galleys and
man-o-wars carry one fore and one aft. Artillery hits cause 2-12 points of hull damage;
ordinary missile weapons do no hull damage but may injure crew or set fire to sails.
Melee When ships close to ram, grapple, or come along side for boarding the referee
is advised to change to the dungeon scale (1” to 10ft and one minute rounds) to resolve
any hand-to-hand combat. Ship deck plans can be used much as dungeon maps for
this purpose. Troops routed from combat losses will only pitch themselves overboard in
fair weather near to land; otherwise they will surrender.
Drowning Anyone pitched into the sea risks drowning. Half of any crew cannot swim,
and will automatically drown. Otherwise, unarmored men who can swim will survive on
a roll of 2-6 if they immediately rid themselves of anything (excepting buoyant items such
as wooden clubs, staves, spears and shields) heavier than a dagger. Each item retained
increases the risk of drowning by 1 in 6 with leather and mail armor counting for 1 and
4 items, respectively. Plate armor causes automatic drowning, and there is always a
minimum 3 in 6 chance of drowning during a storm. A successful survival roll indicates
that the character has somehow removed his armor before drowning.
Swimming Half of all non-player characters and any player characters who grew up by
the coast or a watercourse are able to swim. Swimming is at a rate of 3” for at most a
day, after which drowning will occur.

(Additional encounter tables, see page 19).

Wilderness Encounter Tables

1-12 Jungle Town Necropolis
1 Basilisks Men, zealots/dervishes Giant bats
2 Dinosaurs Androids/Cyborgs Centipedes
3 Giant insects Cavemen Dire wolves
4 Giant reptiles Dopplegangers Doppelgangers
5 Hydras Goblins/Hobgoblins Gargoyles
6 Kobolds Halflings Ghouls
7 Lizardmen Lycanthropes Men, zealots
8 Medusae Men, bandits/brigands Mummies
9 Men, bandits Men, mercenaries Non-player characters
10 Non-player characters Non-player characters Skeletons/Zombies
11 Thulls Shadows/Wights Spiders
12 Wyverns Vampires Wights/Wraiths

24
 THE REFEREE’S GUIDE

AERIAL EXPLORATION
The players’ characters must acquire winged mounts, airships, or enchanted modes of
transport before they can take to the air, but should they do so travel on the wing is the
swiftest mode short of magical teleportation.

MOVEMENT
Aerial exploration is conducted in days of travel. At any altitude requiring maneuvers to
weave a route over the undulating terrain features, each hexagon represents 6 miles. At
higher altitudes, where an uninterrupted beeline can be made, each hexagon represents
instead 6 leagues.

Weather
Aerial Exploration Rate
Although travel by air is quick
Move Hexes
indeed, it is severely affected by
Transportation Rate per Day
poor weather. Weather conditions
should be determined by the referee Elemental, air 36” 6
for each day of aerial exploration. Djinn 24” 4
Roll one die to determine which hex Dragon, adult 24” 4
face the wind is blowing from, and Flying carpet 24” 4
two dice to determine wind strength Griffon 30” 5
as shown in the following table. Hippogriff 36” 6
Storms Aerial navigation is Pegasi 42” 7
dangerous in storm conditions; Roc 48” 8
travelers risk being dashed into an
obstacle, struck by lightning or flying debris, and so on. If a flying traveler risks stormy
weather he is flung 1-6 hexagons in a direction determined randomly (and secretly) by
the referee, and suffers 2-12 hit points of damage per hexagon. A successful saving
throw versus breath weapon will reduce this damage by half.
Visibility Distance to the horizon is determined by height above sea level. From a low
flying altitude, assume a traveler can see up to three hexagons (54 miles) in clear weather.
From mountain top altitude, assume a traveler can see up to six hexagons (108 miles)
in clear weather. Weather conditions can severely restrict visibility.
Resting Excepting air elementals and the like, flying creatures need to roost overnight.
Furthermore, all travelers require a full day of rest after six days on the move. Dragons
require a full week of sleep after six weeks of activity.
Encounters occur in the air
much as they do in the Weather and Flying Speed
wilderness. The referee should
check for an encounter once Flying Speed
each day, with a roll of a 6 2-12 Wind ‘Fore the wind Tacking
indicating an aerial encounter. 2 Dead calm Normal flying
The referee may wish to check 3-4 Moderate +3” ¾ speed
separately for monsters on the 5-9 Fresh +6” ½ speed
ground, below. 10-11 Strong +12” ¼ speed
12 Storm See above

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DELVING DEEPER: VOLUME II

Aerial Encounter Tables

1-12 Mountain Peaks Open Sky Cloudscape
1 Giants, storm Chimeras Giants, cloud
2 Cavemen Djinn Androids
3 Dragons Dragons Djinn
4 Non-player characters Non-player characters Dragons
5 Elemental, air, 8 HD Elemental, air, 16 HD Elemental, air, 12 HD
6 Griffons Griffons Non-player characters
7 Hippogriffs Hippogriffs Griffons
8 Orcs Manticoras Hippogriffs
9 Pegasi Pegasi Pegasi
10 Pterodactyls Pterodactyls Pterodactyls
11 Rocs Rocs Robots
12 Wyverns Wyverns Rocs

When an encounter is indicated determine the type of monster by rolling on the

appropriate encounter table.
Surprise occurs in the air (as it does in the underworld) on a roll of 5-6 with the enemy
emerging suddenly out of cloud banks and rain squalls from any direction, or else out
of the dazzling glare of the sun. If the players are surprised the enemy will typically come
at them from above.
Encounter Distance If either party is surprised an encounter will begin at 100-400 yards
distance; otherwise it begins at 300-1,200 yards distance.
Reaction Monster reaction to players’ characters in the air is as in the underworld.

AERIAL COMBAT
Players with winged mounts or independent means of flight can engage in aerial combat.
Excepting native creatures of air (air elementals, djinn and so on) larger creatures are
clumsier fliers than are smaller creatures. Gaining altitude is slow, while losing altitude
is quick.
The referee can use a scale of 1” to 100 yards to resolve maneuvering and missile fire
at great altitudes, always giving due consideration to weather conditions. Missiles and
spells may be fired but once per turn at this scale. Altitude, tactical positions, facings
and wind direction can be marked on a large hex map if desired, or simply noted as
closing distances. When flyers swoop low to engage those at ground or sea level, the
referee should revert to the regular wilderness combat scale of 1” to 10 yards and one
minute combat rounds.
Melee Aerial melee range is 30 yards whereby hand-to-hand attacks are made in passing
clashes similar to a jousting match. Should any combatant lose initiative by 3 or more
pips on the die, he is unable to riposte unless his speed and direction match his opponent’s.
Missile Fire Missile fire from the air is always considered to be at long range, and against
aerial targets it is at –4 on attack rolls. However, on an unmodified attack roll of 20 a
rider is unhorsed and will fall, or else a critical flight muscle is maimed and the flyer will
crash to the ground.

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 THE REFEREE’S GUIDE

CONSTRUCTING A STRONGHOLD
A character with sufficient wealth may wish to construct a stronghold such as a keep,
tower, castle, or whatever is affordable. If he has reached 9th level he is always allowed
to establish this stronghold; otherwise he will require permission from the regional ruler.
Depending upon the character’s alignment, wealth, and political prospects, such may
not always be forthcoming.
Monsters must be cleared from within three hexes (18 miles) of the site before any
construction can commence. Once a fortification has been established, however, the
surrounds will remain cleared for so long as it is occupied and regular patrols maintained.
The region within three hexes of the fortification (37 hexes total) will typically contain 2-8
villages, each of 100-400 inhabitants – these and other features can be determined by
the referee using the random wilderness hex table. If the occupier of a stronghold is at
least 9th level he is entitled to collect 1 gp per month from each inhabitant for their
protection. Clerics may collect an additional 1 gp per month for spiritual donations
where alms are provided and services conducted. These funds may be used however
the player desires to further his fledgling realm.
Below are given the costs of common structures though any variation in size will adjust
costs proportionately.

Structures Fixtures
Structure Cost Fixture Cost
Barbette 1,000 gp Arrow slit 10 gp
Barbican 14,000 gp Battering ram 1,000 gp
Bastion 3,000 gp Catapult, heavy 400 gp
Building, stone 2,500 gp Catapult, light 300 gp
Building, wooden 500 gp Cauldron 50 gp
Curtain wall 3,500 gp Door, iron 50 gp
Ditch 500 gp Door, reinforced 20 gp
Gatehouse 9,000 gp Door, wooden 10 gp
Keep 81,000 gp Drawbridge 2,000 gp
Palisade 500 gp Portcullis 2,000 gp
Rampart 500 gp Siege tower 2,000 gp
Tower, round 10,000 gp Stairs, stone 90 gp
Tower, small 5,000 gp Stairs, wooden 30 gp
Tower, square 4,000 gp Window 10 gp

Arrow Slit Any fortified opening through which missiles can be discharged, including
murder holes, oilettes and so on.
Barbette A 10ft diameter, 20ft tall round tower section which protrudes from battlement
corners enabling archers to fire through arrow slits.

27
DELVING DEEPER: VOLUME II
Barbican A pair of 30ft diameter, 40ft tall crenulated towers with a 40ft section of curtain
wall between them with battlements facing inward and outward. The wall may (optionally)
be serviced by a gate with portcullis and drawbridge.
Bastion A 125ft section of curtain wall curved into a semi-circle 80ft in diameter.
Battering Ram A heavy log ram suspended beneath a carriage on wheels, or carried
with handles. Used to batter down gates by force.
Building 40ft wide and 20ft deep, two stories with both attic and basement. With the
exception of the building materials used, the wooden and stone versions are identical.
Catapult, Heavy A siege engine that lobs rocks up to 300 yards for 3-18 damage.
Catapult, Light A siege engine that lobs rocks up to 300 yards for 2-12 damage.
Cauldron A timber frame that suspends a great cauldron over the battlements, enabling
defenders to pour boiling water or oil over the walls.
Curtain Wall A 100ft long section of 15ft high crenulated castle wall.
Ditch A 100ft long section of 10ft deep and 20ft wide diggings. Will fill with water to
form a moat in wet environments. Costs half if a rampart is also constructed.
Door, Iron A great door constructed of iron. A double-sized door costs triple.
Door, Reinforced A heavy hardwood door reinforced with tempered iron bands. A
double-sized door costs triple.
Door, Wooden A stout hardwood door. A double-sized door costs triple.
Drawbridge A wooden bridge up to 20ft long and 10ft wide affixed to a gate that is
used to cross a ditch. Can be raised or lowered.
Gatehouse A 30ft long by 20ft wide fortification with 20ft high crenulated walls. Includes
a double width iron gate, portcullis and drawbridge.
Keep A 250ft long section of curtain wall arranged in an 80ft diameter circle with an
integrated gatehouse all surrounding a 40ft diameter, 60ft high crenulated circular tower.
Palisade A 100ft long section of 10ft high timber stakes. Usually a temporary or cheap
structure in lieu of stonework defenses.
Portcullis A heavy iron grate up to 10ft high and wide that can be raised and lowered
to cover a gate.
Rampart A 100ft long, 20ft wide and 10ft high pile of earth useful for shelter or
concealment, or to raise the ground level outside a wall in order to surmount it. Costs
half if a ditch is also constructed.
Siege Tower: A 15ft tall wooden structure on wheels used to assail stronghold walls.
Stairs, Stone Up to a 10ft rise or fall of internal or external stone steps.
Stairs, Wooden Up to a 10ft rise or fall of internal or external wooden steps.
Tower, Round Up to 20ft diameter, 30ft tall round tower with crenulated battlements.
Tower, Small Up to 15ft diameter, 40ft tall round tower with crenulated battlements.
Tower, Square Up to 30ft square, 30ft high tower with crenulated battlements.
Window A glass covered frame for admitting light, up to 3ft square. Can be opened
for better visibility.

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 THE REFEREE’S GUIDE

MASS BATTLES
Strongholds may be called upon to defend themselves or the surrounding territory from
hostile enemies or ambitious neighbors. Political intrigues, sieges, and field battles are
all possible. While the combat rules herein can be used to resolve actions involving large
bodies of troops, the referee may desire instead to employ purpose-made wargaming
rules for full-scale fantasy battles. Some suitable rules include “Chainmail” (1971), “De
Bellis Fantasticus – Here There Be Dragons” (1998), and “The Book of War” (2011).

OTHER WORLDS
There are countless other worlds to explore that might be reached by magic or by other
ingenuity. Moreover, the inhabitants of these unfathomable places might reach the here
and now of the campaign at any time, or have been present from the very beginning.
Should the players’ characters reach other worlds, they should be remarkably different
to our own. The assumed natural laws of gravity, time, space, temperature,
inflammability, scale and so on should not all apply. In this, the wealth of science fiction
and fantasy literature can be a great inspiration to the referee.
Visiting other planets, other times, or other planes of existence are very real possibilities
and the players might discover paths to abyssal depths, Elysian delights, or virtually any
other place at any time. The possibilities are truly endless.

AFTERWORD
Much has been written down and accounted for, but all the words in these volumes are
merely a foundation for what will ultimately be a fantasy game campaign of the referee’s
own devising. He is encouraged to create liberally and enthusiastically, and to welcome
input from his players. Their choices and actions should ring true in the game world so
that the whole of it thrives and invites their further participation. With a living game in
motion, the referee can derive considerable enjoyment from extending or altering the
rules to meet his own particular specifications, but is cautioned to do so judiciously and
with consistency.
Above all, referees and players alike are reminded that this is a game, and games are
meant to be fun.

Fight On!

29
OPEN GAME LICENSE Version 1.0a
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Open Game License v 1.0 Copyright 2000, Wizards of the Coast, Inc.
System Reference Document Copyright 2000, Wizards of the Coast, Inc.; Authors Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, Skip Williams,
based on material by E. Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson.
Delving Deeper Reference Rules Volume 1: The Adventurer’s Handbook Copyright 2012, Cameron Dubeers and Simon J.
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