Circulatory System

Circulatory System
Function
BIOLOGY of Circular System
 It comprises blood, heart and blood vessels.
 The
The system
cardiovascular
supplies system is transport
nutrients to and remove
The Circulatory
system of body. System
waste products from variousintissue
humans
of body.and
other mammals is made up of the heart and
blood vessels. The heart acts as a pump to keep blood circulating throughout the body
 The conveying media is liquid in form of blood
in the which
blood vessels. Blood passes through the heart twice as it is circulated round your
flows in close tubular system.
body Due to the double circulatory system.
Pulmonary Circulation- deoxygenated blood flows from

the heart, through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs (to
absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide) and back to the
heart in the pulmonary veins as oxygenated blood.
Systematic Circulation- oxygenated blood flows from the
heart, through the aorta and other arteries to all the other
organs of the body and then back to heart through the vena
cava as deoxygenated blood.
Introduction
Circulatory System
*Heart*
The human heart consists almost entirely of
cardiac muscle tissue. This is specialised
muscle that can contract about 70 times a
minute for up to a hundred years or more
without tiring.
The heart contracts and ‘squeezes’ the blood,
applying pressure to it.
Functions of the Heart

Circulatory System
Structure
The of the
right side ofHeart
the heart pumps
blood to the lungs and the left
 The heart lies in the chest cavity surrounded by a N.B. – Heart diagrams are
side membrane
pumps blood to the
called thepericardium.
rest of ALWAYS shown from the
the body.
The heart is protected by the rib cage. front as if you were looking
at someone else’s heart, so
 Made up of four chambers: the right chambers are
o Top two (thin-walled) Atria (singular Atrium) ALWAYS on the left of
o Lower two (thicker walls and larger) Ventricles the diagram.
 2 halves of the heart are separated by the septum
(blood in the left or right halves does not mix)
 Though the heart is full of blood (it’s a muscle tissue),
it still needs a supply of blood, just like any other
muscle tissue does.
FUN FACT: The walls of the heart muscle are so thick that oxygen and
nutrients from the blood cannot diffuse from the blood inside the heart fast
enough to supply its cellular needs. So, some of the heart muscle is supplied
with blood by the coronary arteries.
Circulatory System
How the heart works

Cardiac Cycle:
This cycle is the coordination
of the filling and emptying of
the heart of blood by electrical
signals that cause the heart
muscles to contract and relax.
Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Blood vessels: are a closed network of tubes. Three main types of blood vessels
include: arteries, veins & capillaries.
Blood that flows from the heart travels through the arteries. The arteries branch
into arterioles and become smaller and smaller until they form a network of thin
vessels called capillaries around the cells of body tissue.
Small veins called venules branch out the capillary network into veins to return the
blood to the heart.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

are called arteries.
They are the thickest blood vessels and they carry
blood high in oxygen known as oxygenated blood
(oxygen rich blood).
Circulatory System
Blood is the fluid that is pumped around the circulatory system

by the heart. As blood flows through the capillaries in the organs,
Blood substances are exchanged with the surrounding tissue.
Composition of Blood
Plasma-
Blood Cells- made of bone marrow  sticky, yellowish liquid.
 90% water and 10% substances carried in solution.
Red-
 55% of blood volume.
 Contain red pigment haemoglobin (gives Platelets-
Consists of:
blood its colour). o nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids, vitamins & mineral
 Don’t have nuclei.  fragments of cells made in the
ions e.g., sodium and chloride)
 Carry oxygen bone marrow.
o wastes (urea and carbon dioxide)
 o Very small
blood proteins (albumen & antibodies)
White- two types  o Important
hormonesfor(insulin,
blood clotting
glucagon & adrenaline)

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Pulmonary Circulation- deoxygenated blood flows from

Functions of the Heart

How the heart works

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Blood is the fluid that is pumped around the circulatory system

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