S.L.O.P - Paper 1 Periodic table on back!

Unit 3 Quantitative Chemistry

Name: Class:
Number of elements in a formula Example: FeBr3
The number of elements is the same as the number of symbols.
Each different symbol starts with a capital letter.

FeBr3 So we have two different elements Fe = Iron, Br = Bromine

Task 1: How many different elements are in each chemical formula?

a) Fe2O3 b) CaCO3 c) H2 d) AgNO3 e) H2SO4

Number of atoms of each element in a formula Example:

The small numbers on the bottom right of each symbol tell
you how many atoms of that element you have. If there is no
Na2CO3
number to the right you have one atom of that element.

Na2CO3 = 6 atoms in total

2 atoms of Na
(sodium) 1 atom of C 3 atoms of O
(carbon) (oxygen)

Task 2: How many atoms of each element are in these formulae?

Also give the total number of atoms:

a) FeCl3 b) H2SO4 c) AgNO3 d) K2SO4 e) CH4 d) NH3 e) SiO2

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Revision 1.1: © L. Tull 2019
Use of brackets in formulae Example:
The number of atoms of each element inside the brackets is
multiplied by the number on the bottom right outside the
Al2(SO4)3
brackets. 4 atoms of O
Al (SO )
2
(oxygen) inside the brackets,
4 3 however multiply by 3 as
2 atoms of Al that’s the number outside:
(aluminium) 1 atom of S 4 x 3 = 12 atoms of O
(sulfur) inside the brackets, however
multiply by 3 as that’s the number = 17 atoms in total
outside: 1 x 3 = 3 atoms of S

Task 3: How many atoms of each element are in these formulae?

Also give the total number of atoms:

a) Mg(NO3)2 b) Ca(OH)2 c) Fe(C2O4)3 d) Al2(CO3)3

Balancing equations Example: 4 Al + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3

The number of atoms of each element either side of the arrow should be the same.

1. Draw a line down from __ Al + __ O2 → __ Al2O3

the arrow in the
unbalanced equation and Al = Al =
list the symbols of all O= O=
elements either side.

__ Al + __ O2 → __ Al2O3
2. Count the number of
atoms of each element Al = 1 Al = 2
currently in the equation. O= 2 O= 3

Continued on next page… 2

 Balancing equations continued…
3. Work on one element (row)
at a time, finding a number
3 O → __
__ Al + __ 2 Al O
that both numbers fit into. e.g 2 2 3
oxygen’s original 2 and 3 both
fit into 6. Put the number you Al = 1 Al = 2
multiplied by into the correct O = 2 x 3 = 6 O = 3x 2 = 6
gap in the equation. If at the
end it didn’t need multiplying,
just put a 1 in the gap or leave
it blank. 3 O → __
__ Al + __ 2 Al O
2 2 3
4. Note how when I multiplied
Al2O3 by 2 to get 6 oxygens, I Al = 1 Al = 2 x 2 = 4
also multiplied the Al2 bit of it O = 2 x 3 = 6 O = 3x 2 = 6
by 2. Track these changes as
you go!
5. Now we can check that the __ 3 O → __
4 Al + __ 2 Al O
2 2 3
numbers of atoms of each
element are the same. Al = 1 x 4 = 4 Al = 2 x 2 = 4
Al = 4 Al = 4 O = 2 x 3 = 6 O = 3x 2 = 6
O=6 O=6
The equation is balanced.

Now apply what you’ve learned to

the questions on the next page.

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Task 4: Balance these equations:

a) ___ Fe + ____ Cl2 → ___ FeCl3

b) ___ Mg + ___ HCl → ___ H2 + ___ MgCl2

c) ___ N2 + ___ O2 → ___ NO

d) ___ N2 + ___ O2 → ___ NO2

e) ___ Fe2O3 + ____ C → ____ CO2 + ___ Fe

f) ___ Na + ___ H2O → 2 NaOH + ___ H2

4
Calculating Relative Formula Mass (Mr) Example:
Look for the elements’ symbols on the periodic table, you FeCl3
need to use the mass numbers (They’re the massive ones!).

Note: Sometimes they give you the mass numbers of each element in the Q.

You need to add up the masses of each atom of each element.

FeCl3
1 atom of iron 3 atoms of chlorine
1 x 56 = 56 3 x 35.5 = 106.5

56 + 106.5 = Mr = 162.5 g/mol Don’t forget the unit of

“grams per mole” (g/mol).

This example has brackets, remember what we looked at

earlier, multiple the number inside the brackets by the
Example:
number on the outside to get the full number of atoms of Al2(SO4)3
that element.

Al2(SO4)3
2 atoms of Aluminium
2 x 27 = 54

3 atoms of Sulfur
3 x 32 = 96 12 atoms of Oxygen
12 x 16 = 192

54 + 96 + 192 = Mr = 342 g/mol

Now apply what you’ve learned to the questions on the next page.
5
Task 5: Calculate the Relative Formula Mass (Mr) of each substance:
Note: Use your copy of the periodic table to find the relative atomic mass:

a) FeCl3

b) H2SO4

c) AgNO3

d) K2SO4

e) CH4

f) NH3

g) SiO2

h) Mg(NO3)2

i) Ca(OH)2

j) Fe(C2O4)3

k) Al2(CO3)3

6
Calculating Elemental Percentage Example:
Sometimes you will be asked a question like this:
“What is the percentage by mass in Al2O3 , of aluminium?
Al2O3
Step 1: Calculate Mr

Al2O3 2 atoms of Aluminium

2 x 27 = 54
3 atoms of Oxygen
3 x 16 = 48

54 + 48 = Mr = 102 g/mol
Step 2: Divide the total mass of the particular element by the Mr then x 100
Aluminium made up 54 out of the total of 102 so:

54
x 100 = 52.9 %
102

Task 6: Calculate the percentage by mass for the specified element,

round to 1 d.p:

a) FeCl3 %Fe?

b) H2SO4 %O?

c) Ca(OH)2 %H?

d) Al2(CO3)3 %C?

7
The Mole
Chemical amounts are measured in moles, the symbol for the unit mole is mol.

The mass of one mole of a substance is equal to its relative formula mass (Mr) in
grams

e.g. 1 mol of FeCl3 (Mr = 162.5 g/mol) = 162.5 g

This is why the units of relative formula mass are “grams per mole” – It’s how
many
grams 1 mole would weigh! So two moles of a substance would be twice its Mr….

e.g. 2 mol of FeCl3 (Mr = 162.5 g/mol) = 325g

This gives us the equation: Mass = Mr x mol

Real world How many

mass in Relative formula moles of the
grams (g) mass in grams substance you
per mole have (mol)
(g/mol)

This can be rearranged to give:

mass mass
mol = Mr =
Mr mol

The mass in this equation needs to be in grams, but modern papers are giving you
masses in:

• nanograms (ng) n x 10-9

• micrograms (μg) n x 10-6
• milligrams (mg) n x 10-3
kilograms (kg) n x 103
• tonnes (T/Mg) (megagrams) n x 106.

Whatever number they give you (if not in grams), just multiply by the correct power
as above and slot into the equation → remembering these is easier than
remembering conversions!
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The Mole examples…..
Example 1:
What is the mass of 3.5 moles of Methane (CH4)?, Mr = 16 g/mol

Mass = Mr x mol
Mass = 16 x 3.5 = 56 g
Example 2:
How many moles are in 348 g of aluminium oxide (Al2O3)? Mr = 102 g/mol

Mol = mass / Mr
Mol = 348 / 102 = 3.41 mol
Example 3:
What is the Mr of two moles of a compound that weighs 204 g?

Mr = mass/mol
Mol = 204 / 2 = 102 g/mol
Therefore it must be aluminium oxide…

Example 4:
How many moles are in 5 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2)? Mr = 44 g/mol

Mol = mass / Mr
Mol = 5 x 103 / 44 = 113.6 mol

Example 5:
How many moles in 600 mg of paracetamol? (C8H9NO2) Mr = 151 g/mol

Mol = mass / Mr
Mol = 600 x 10-3 / 151 = 3.97 x 10-3 mol

Make sure you know the powers of ten that each prefix stands for, this will
save you time in your biology, physics and chemistry papers!

9
Task 7: Using the mole equation:

a) Write the mole equation in its basic form:

b) Write the mole equation rearranged to make mol the subject:

c) Write the mole equation rearranged the make Mr the subject:

d) Calculate the number of moles in:

i) 50g of Calcium Mr (Ca) = 40g/mol

ii) 100 g of Zinc Mr (Zn) = 65g/mol

iii) 300 tonnes of Iron chloride, Mr (FeCl3) = 162.5 g/mol

e) Calculate the mass of:

i) 0.5 moles of Cobalt, Mr (Co) = 59 g/mol

ii) 0.75 moles of Methane, Mr (CH4) = 16 g/mol

iii) 12 moles of Zinc chloride, Mr (ZnCl2) = 136 g/mol

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Task 8: Moles challenge – For levels 5 and higher:

How many moles of each substance are there? You will first need to calculate Mr in
order to use the equation mol = mass / Mr

a) 150g of Bromine – Br2

b) 540g of calcium chloride – CaCl2

c) 460g of Iron (II) hydroxide – Fe(OH)2

What is the mass of each substance? You will first need to calculate Mr in order to
calculate mass using the equation mass = Mr x mol

d) 3 moles of Vanadium, V

e) 0.75 moles of Lead oxide Pb2O

f) 4 moles of Aluminium chloride AlCl3

Calculate the Mr of the unknowns and attempt to identify them by writing a

formula that matches the Mr (there are multiple solutions for each).

g) 4 moles of X, has a mass of 68 g, what is the Mr of X and suggest its identify by

writing a formula that matches the Mr you calculated.

h) 5.4 moles of Y has a mass of 162g, Calculate the Mr of Y and suggest its identity
by writing a formula that matches the Mr you calculated.

11
Avogadro’s Constant
The real world masses of atoms doesn’t match our metric system.
However the mass = Mr x mol equation makes it so that 1 mole of
a substance weights exactly its Mr in grams.

This is because the mole is based on a number called Avogadro’s constant

which translates the mass of atoms to the scale of our metric system.

Avogadro found that one mole of a substance will weigh its relative
formula mass (Mr) in grams, if one mole of a substance contains:

6.02 x 1023 atoms, ions or molecules.

This number is called Avogadro’s constant.

Using Avogadro’s Constant

Avogadro’s constant can be used to work out the mass of a single atom,
ion or molecule, for example:

If the relative formula mass of a molecule of chlorine Cl2 is 71 g/mol

(that’s 71g for every 1 mole), and in 1 mole there is 6.02 x 1023 atoms,
ions or molecules then one molecule of chlorine weighs exactly:

71 g/mol
= 1.18 x 10-22 g
6.02 x 1023 molecules / mol

Simply divide the Mr by

Avogadro’s constant to get the
exact mass of one atom, ion
or molecule.
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Task 9: Using Avogadro’s constant:

a) What is the value of Avogadro’s constant?

b) One mole of any substance weighs exactly the same as its relative
formula mass Mr in _____________.

c) One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 _______, _________ or

___________________.

d) What is the mass of one atom of sodium (Na)?,

where Mr/Ar = 23 g/mol?

e) What is the mass of one molecule of methane (CH4)?,

where Mr = 16 g/mol?

f) What is the mass of one molecule of sulfur dioxide (SO2)?,

where Mr = 64 g/mol?

g) How many moles are in 12.04 x 1023 atoms, ions or molecules?

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The Law of Conservation of Mass
The mass of all reactants will be equal to the mass of all products.
For example, when 148 g calcium hydroxide reacts with 146 g hydrochloric acid,
222 g of calcium chloride and 72 g of water are produced, we can show that the
mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products:

Reactants Products
Ca(OH)2 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + 2 H2O

148 g + 146 g = 222 g + 72 g

294 g = 294 g

We can use this rule to work out the mass of an unknown when all other masses
are given, for example:

When 144g of magnesium reacts with oxygen, 240g of magnesium oxide is

produced. What mass of oxygen reacted?

2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO
144 g + x = 240 g

Therefore: 240 – 144 = x = 96g of oxygen.

Task 10: Applying the Law of Conservation of Mass:

a) Show that when 230 g of sodium reacts with 80g of oxygen to produce
310 g of sodium oxide, that this reaction obeys the law of conservation of
mass:
4 Na + O2 → 2 Na2O

14
b) When an unknown mass of hydrogen reacts with 288g of oxygen, 324g
of water is produced. What mass of hydrogen reacted?

2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

c) 112g of methane reacted with 448g of oxygen, 252g of water was

produced, what mass of carbon dioxide was produced?

CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

d) 1600 tonnes of iron oxide reacted with an unknown mass of carbon to

produce 660 tonnes of carbon dioxide and 1120 tonnes of iron. What
mass of carbon reacted?

2 Fe2O3 + 3C → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe

15
Conservation of mass, when a product is a gas:
To understand this next section you first need to understand state
symbols: (s) = solid, (l) = liquid, (g) = gas, (aq) = Aqueous solution.

If you carried out a reaction on a balance, sometimes the mass of

the reaction flask and its contents will change as the reaction
proceeds. This appears to break the law of conservation of mass.

Take for example the reaction of any metal carbonate with acid:

CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

The aqueous
Solid calcium calcium chloride
carbonate and solution and liquid
aqueous water will stay in
hydrochloric acid the flask so will be
solution will stay in weighed, however
flask so will be the carbon dioxide
weighed. 173 g 129 g is a gas so will
escape and will not
be weighed.
Example Q:
Why does the reaction flask and its contents appear to decrease in mass
for this reaction?

MgCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

1. Identify and name the gas using the state symbols:

Carbon dioxide is a product…..
2. State that it’s a gas:
and it’s a gas…..
3. Say it escapes: so it escapes
So technically the reaction still obeys the law of conservation of
mass, it just looks like it hasn’t because the NAMED GAS escaped.16
Conservation of mass, when a reactant is a gas:
If a reactant is a gas, the mass may appear to increase.

Take for example the reaction of any metal with oxygen:

2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2 MgO (s)

Solid magnesium
will be weighed at The product
the start, but the magnesium oxide
O O
gaseous oxygen is is all solid, so it’s
floating in the air all weighed.
O O
so will not be
Mg Mg Mg Mg
weighed.

48g 80 g

Example Q:
Why does the reaction crucible and its contents appear to increase in
mass for this reaction?

4 Na (s) + O2 (g) → 2 Na2O (s)

1. Identify and name the gas using the state symbols:

Oxygen is a reactant
2. State that it’s a gas:
and it’s a gas…..
3. Say it is not weighed as a reactant but is at the end when
it’s part of the solid product.
It’s not weighed at the start when it’s a gas, but after it reacts
it becomes part of the solid product so is weighed.

So technically the reaction still obeys the law of conservation of mass, it just looks
like it hasn’t because the mass of the gas was incorporated into the product. 17
Task 11: When a reactant or product is a gas

a) Why does the reaction crucible and its contents appear to decrease in
mass?

MgCO3 (s) → MgO (s) + CO2 (g)

b) Why does this reaction crucible and its contents appear to increase in
mass?

2 Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2 NaCl (s)

c) How will the mass of the reaction flask and its contents appear to
change in this reaction and why?

Na2CO3 (s) + 2 HNO3 (aq) → 2 NaNO3 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

d) How will the mass of the reaction crucible and its contents appear to
change in this reaction and why?

2 K (s) + F2 (g) → 2 KF (s)

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Calculating the mass of a product or reactant

This skill is challenging but stick with it and you will ace these questions!

Key knowledge:

The balancing numbers in equations (BIG NUMBERS NOT LITTLE) follow

the same ratio as the mols:

2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO

For every 2 moles of magnesium, 1 mole of oxygen reacts, producing 2

moles of magnesium oxide, as the ratio of the equation BIG NUMBERS
is 2:1:2. If there is no big number then it’s a 1!

Therefore if you had 0.5 moles of magnesium, you would have 0.25
moles of oxygen and 0.5 moles of magnesium oxide, and so on….

Example Question:

In a reaction iron oxide reacts with carbon to produce carbon dioxide

and iron. Calculate the mass of iron produced from 500 g of iron oxide.

2 Fe2O3 + 3 C → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe
1. Write mass, Mr
and mol down in a Mass: 500g Mass:
column from the
one you know Mr: Mr:
something about,
and the one you Mol: Mol:
are trying to find
out about.
2. Pluck the info 3. Sometimes you’re given the Mr if so,
from the question just put them in the right place, if not
carefully and put work them out. IGNORE THE BIG
into the right zone. NUMBERS WITH Mr ! 19
Example question continued:

3. Continued: I’ve had

to work out the 2 Fe2O3 + 3 C → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe
Mr : Fe2O3 = (56 x 2) +
(16 x 3) = 160 g/mol Mass: 500g Mass:

Mr: Fe = 56 Mr: 160 g/mol Mr: 56 g/mol

IGNORE THE BIG Mol: Mol:

NUMBERS!
4. Now use the equation Moles Fe2O3
mass = Mr x mol rearranged mol = mass / Mr
for mol for the one you have mol = 500 / 160 = 3.125 mol
two bits of info on. Put this mol value in the correct
column/row…

5. Now you can use multiply

divide
those BIG numbers:
2 Fe2O3 + 3 C → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe
The mol values in your
bottom row will follow
Mass: 500g Mass:
the same ratio.
Mr: 160 g/mol Mr: 56 g/mol
Step 1: Divide you
mole value by the big
Mol: 3.125 mol Mol:
number in its column.

Step 2: Multiply it by Step 1 Step 2

the big number in the (3.125 / 2) x 4 = 6.25 mol
column that you’re
looking for a mole
value for.
20
Example Question continued:

2 Fe2O3 + 3 C → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe
6. Now use
Mass = Mr x mol to Mass: 500g Mass:
calculate the mass
of the one your Mr: 160 g/mol Mr: 56 g/mol
looking for.
Mol: 3.125 mol Mol: 6.25 mol

Mass Fe
Mass = Mr x mol
Mass = 56 x 6.25 = 350g
Put this mass value in the correct
column/row…

2 Fe2O3 + 3 C → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe

Mass: 500g Mass: 350 g

Mr: 160 g/mol Mr: 56 g/mol

Mol: 3.125 mol Mol: 6.25 mol

Tips:
1. The big numbers only apply as the ratio to the mol row, don’t
use the big numbers when calculating Mr !
2. Write Mass, Mr and Mol in the right order underneath the
equation as this will prompt you to remember the
mass = Mr x mol equation. If you don’t have space re-write
the equation so you have space underneath.
3. Divide moles by BIG number in its own column, then multiply
this answer by BIG number in target column. 21
Task 12: Calculating the mass of a product or reactant. If you show your
working it makes it easier for a teacher/examiner to either diagnose your
work and give you help, or to give you marks even if you made a mistake!

a) A student has 80 g of magnesium (Mg), what mass of magnesium

chloride (MgCl2) will they produce? SHOW ALL STAGES OF WORKING.

b) A student has 200 g of Sodium (Na), what mass of sodium oxide (Na2O)
will they produce? SHOW ALL STAGES OF WORKING.

22
c) A fire produced 170 g of carbon monoxide via incomplete combustion,
how many grams of oxygen are needed to convert it fully to CO2?
SHOW ALL STAGES OF WORKING.

d) What mass of carbon is required to react with 1000 g of iron oxide?

SHOW ALL STAGES OF WORKING.

e) What mass of aluminium is required to produce 500 g of aluminium

chloride? SHOW ALL STAGES OF WORKING.

23
Balancing equations using moles

You can use mole values to balance an equation. The mole values will
follow the same ratio as the balancing numbers in the equation.
Example Question:

In a reaction 142 g of chlorine reacts with 620 g of potassium iodide to

produce 298 g of potassium chloride and 508 g of iodine. Use these
values to show how you could balance the equation.

Mr Cl2 = 71 g/mol, Mr KI = 155 g/mol, Mr KCl = 74.5 g/mol, Mr I2 = 254 g/mol

__ Cl2 + __ KI → __ KCl + __ I2
1. Write mass, Mr and mol down in a column underneath
everything, then fill with known values from the question.

__ Cl2 + __ KI → __ KCl + __ I2
Mass: 142 g Mass: 620 g Mass: 298 g Mass: 508 g

Mr: 71 g/mol Mr: 155 g/mol Mr: 74.5 g/mol Mr: 254 g/mol

Mol: Mol: Mol: Mol:

2. Calculate moles for each using mol = mass/Mr .

__ Cl2 + __ KI → __ KCl + __ I2
Mass: 142 g Mass: 620 g Mass:298 g Mass: 508 g
÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
Mr: 71 g/mol Mr: 155 g/mol Mr: 74.5 g/mol Mr: 254 g/mol

Mol: 2 mol Mol: 4 mol Mol: 4 mol Mol: 2 mol

24
 3. Divide each mole value by whichever mole value in the
row is smallest to get the simplest whole number ratio.

__ Cl2 + __ KI → __ KCl + __ I2
Mass: 142 g Mass: 620 g Mass:298 g Mass: 508 g

Mr: 71 g/mol Mr: 155 g/mol Mr: 74.5 g/mol Mr: 254 g/mol

Mol: 2 mol Mol: 4 mol Mol: 4 mol Mol: 2 mol

÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
2 mol 2 mol 2 mol 2 mol

1 2 2 1

4. These are the balancing numbers for the equation.

1 Cl2 + 2 KI → 2 KCl + 1 I2

Task 13: Use the values to balance the equations:

a) 120 g of nitrogen monoxide (Mr 30 g/mol), decomposes to produce
56 g of nitrogen (Mr 28 g/mol) and 64 g of oxygen (Mr 32 g/mol). Use
these values to show how you can balance the equation.

___ NO → ___ N2 + ___ O2

25
b) 378 g of nitric acid (Mr 63 g/mol) reacts with 120 g of calcium
(Mr 40 g/mol) to produce 492 g of calcium nitrate (Mr 164 g/mol) and
6 g of hydrogen (Mr 2 g/mol). Use these values to show how you can
balance the equation.

___ HNO3 + ___ Ca → ___ Ca(NO3)2 + ___ H2

c) 88 g of propane (Mr 44 g/mol) reacts with 320 g of oxygen (Mr 32

g/mol) to produce 264 g of carbon dioxide (Mr 44 g/mol) and an unknown
mass of water (Mr 18 g/mol)

1. Use basic law of conservation of mass to work out the mass of water
formed.

2. Use these values to show how you can balance the equation.

___ C3H8 + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O

26
Concentrations in g/dm3

Concentrations of solutions in chemistry are measured in “grams per

cubic decimetre” written as g/dm3. A cubic decimetre or dm3 is 1000 cm3
You need to be able to convert cm3 into cubic decimetres, and vice versa.

Example 1:
A solution has a volume of 75 cm3, what is this volume in cubic
decimetres? 3
75 cm
Volume in dm3 = = 0.075 dm3
1000 cm3/dm3
Example 2:
A solution has a volume of 2.3 dm3, what is this volume in cubic
centimetres?

Volume in cm3 = 2.3 dm3 x 1000 cm3/dm3 =2300 cm3

Concentrations in chemistry are measured in g/dm3, that’s the number of
grams dissolved in one cubic decimetre. Therefore a more concentrated
solution will have a higher number of grams dissolved in every cubic
decimetre, so will have a larger number of g/dm3.

To calculate concentration all you need to do is divide the number of

grams by the number of cubic decimetres.

Example 3:
A student dissolved 10g of chlorine in 200 cm3, calculate the
concentration in g/dm3.
1. Convert cm3 to dm3
200 cm3
Volume in dm3 = 3 3
= 0.2 dm3
1000 cm /dm
2. Divide mass in g by volume in dm3.
10 g
Concentration in g/dm3 = = 50 g/dm3
0.2 dm3

So: Concentration (g/dm3) =

Mass (g)
Volume (dm3) 27
Task 14: Concentrations of solutions
a) Write the equation for concentration in g/dm3:

b) Write this equation rearranged for mass in g as the subject:

c) Write this equation rearranged for volume in dm3 as the subject:

d) How many cubic centimetres are in a cubic decimetre?

e) Convert the following volumes to cubic decimetres:

i) 700 cm3

ii) 25 cm3

iii) 2500 cm3

f) Convert the following volumes to cubic decimetres:
i) 2.8 dm3

ii) 0.010 dm3

iii) 0.5 dm3

g) What is the concentration of the solution formed when 5 g of iodine

are dissolved in 1500 cm3?

h) What is the concentration in g/dm3 of a solution formed when 60 g of

copper sulfate is dissolved in 700 cm3?

28
i) A solution of copper sulfate has a concentration of 1.5 g/dm3, what
mass of copper sulfate is dissolved in 50 cm3?

j) A 0.5 g/dm3 solution of sodium hydroxide is in a 1 dm3 flask. If you

were to take 40cm3 of this solution, what mass of sodium hydroxide
would be dissolved in the 40cm3?

k) A student made a 0.25 g/dm3 solution using 50g of iron sulfate, what
volume in dm3 did they make it up to?

29
Notes:

30
Answers
Task 1 Task 7 Continued…. Task 13
a) 2 e) i) 29.5 g a) 4 mol : 2 mol : 2 mol
b) 3 ii) 12 g 2:1:1
c) 1 iii) 1632 g b) 6 mol : 3 mol : 3 mol : 3 mol
d) 3 2:1:1:1
e) 3 Task 8 c) 1. Water = 144g
a) 0.94 mol 2.
Task 2 b) 4.9 mol 2 mol : 10 mol : 6 mol : 8 mol
a) Fe = 1, Cl = 3, Total = 4 c) 5.1 mol 1:5:3:4
b) H = 2, S = 1, O = 4, Total = 7 d) 153 g
c) Ag = 1, N = 1, O = 3, Total = 5 e) 322.5 g Task 14
d) K = 2, S = 1, O = 4, Total = 7 f) 534 g a) Concentration = mass / volume
e) C = 1, H = 4, Total = 5 g) 17 g/mol therefore NH3 or OH- b) Mass = concentration x volume
f) N = 1, H = 3, Total = 4 (accept other correct) c) Volume = mass / concentration
g) Si = 1, O = 2, Total = 3 h) 30 g/mol therefore NO (accept d) 1000 cm3
other correct) e) i) 0.7 dm3
Task 3 ii) 0.025 dm3
a) Mg = 1, N = 2, O = 6, Total = 9 Task 9 iii) 2.5 dm3
b) Ca = 1, O = 2, H = 2, Total = 5 a) 6.02 x 1023 f) i) 2800 cm3
c) Fe = 1, C = 6, O = 12, Total = b) Grams ii) 10 cm3
19 c) Atoms, ions or molecules iii) 500 cm3
d) Al = 2, C = 3, O = 9, Total = 14 d) 3.82 x 10-23 g g) 3.3r g/dm3
e) 2.66 x 10-23 g h) 85.7 g/dm3
Task 4 f) 1.06 x 10-23 g i) 0.075 g
a) 2 : 3 : 2 g) 2 j) 0.02 g/dm3
b) 1 : 2 : 1 : 1 k) 200 dm3
c) 1 : 1 : 2 Task 10
d) 1 : 2 : 2 a) 230 + 80 = 310, so reactant mass
e) 2 : 3 : 3 : 4 equals product mass.
f) 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 b) 36 g
c) 308 g
Task 5 d) 180 tonnes
a) 162.5 g/mol
b) 98 g/mol Task 11
c) 170 g/mol a) Carbon dioxide is a product and is a
d) 174 g/mol gas, so it escapes and is not
e) 16 g/mol weighed at the end of the reaction.
f) 17 g/mol b) Chlorine is a reactant and is a gas,
g) 60 g/mol so is not weighed at the start but is
h) 148 g/mol weighed when it becomes part of
i) 74 g/mol the solid product.
j) 320 g/mol c) Will appear to decrease in mass as
k) 234 g/mol carbon dioxide is a product and is a
gas, so it escapes and is not
Task 6 weighed at the end of the reaction.
a) 34.5 % d) Will appear to increase in mass as
b) 65.3 % fluorine is a reactant and a gas, so is
c) 2.8% not weighed at the start but is
d) 15.4 % weighed when it becomes part of This is a working document so if you
the solid product. spot any errors in the text or mark
Task 7 scheme please email:
a) Mass = Mr x mol Task 12
b) Mol = mass / Mr a) 316.6r g [email protected]
c) Mr = mass / mol b) 269.6r g
d) i) 1.25 mol c) 97.1 g Revision 1.1
ii) 1.54 x 10-6 mol d) 37.8 g © 4th April 2019
iii) 1.85 x 106 mol e) 101.1 g
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