WKBK Answer Key

THE
MASTER’S SEMINARY
ANSWERS TO A
WORKBOOK FOR
A GRAMMAR
FOR BIBLICAL HEBREW
tyrIb][i
William D. Barrick
Irvin A. Busenitz
2 Barrick & Busenitz, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew – Workbook Answers
The Master’s Seminary

July 2001
Barrick & Busenitz, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew – Workbook Answers 3
EXERCISE 1
Introduction to the Hebrew Language
Alphabet
A. Explain the importance of studying biblical Hebrew.
• Hebrew is the primary language in which the greater part of the OT was written.
• Hebrew is the language God employed to communicate His message to His people.
• Hebrew is an invaluable asset for properly understanding the OT.
• Hebrew aids in understanding the NT. Much of the NT is based upon the OT.
• Knowledge of biblical Hebrew is a guard against theological error.
• Hebrew is necessary because it opens up the only truly reliable interpretive window upon the
text of the OT.
• [Other potential answers exist and may have been cited in the class lecture.]
B. What is the origin of the term Semitic?
• Semitic is derived from the name of Shem, the son of Noah, because of identifiable
similarities between the languages spoken by certain genealogical branches of his
descendants.
C. Briefly describe the five main branches of Semitic languages.
1. Hebrew: closely related to Phoenician and Ugaritic; replaced by Aramaic starting with
the Babylonian exile (completely replaced by the end of the 1st century A.D.); revived as a
national language in 1948; 3 stages — classical/ biblical, rabbinical, and modern.
2. Akkadian: Assyrian-Babylonian language of Mesopotamia; superceded by Aramaic in

10th century B.C.; written with cuneiform script.
3. Aramaic: official language of the ancient Near East from 10th century B.C. on; replaced
Hebrew by 1st century A.D.; language of the Talmud and Targums; replaced by Arabic in 7th
century A.D.
4. Ethiopic: the language of Ethiopia; existed from approximately 4th century A.D.;
Amharic became official court language from 13th century A.D. though Ethiopic continued as the
chief theological language for hundreds of years.
5. Arabic: language of all of Arabia; existed since 8th century B.C.; language of the Quran
and Islam.
D. Write the alphabet five times in the spaces provided below. Follow these
guidelines:
• For each of the 22 Hebrew letters exactly as written in the boxes in Chapter 1
of the textbook.
E. Which letters sometimes have a dot called dagesh? (Write the Hebrew letters
themselves, not their names.)
t p k d g b .
F. Which letters have a different form when they occur at the end of a word? (Write
the Hebrew letters.)
x p n m k .
G. Which letters (both regular and final) extend either above or below the line of
writing? (Write the Hebrew letters.)
q $ # @ l ^ .
H. Distinguish carefully between the letters which have similar forms. Copy these
letters carefully in the spaces provided below.
b and k b and k .
etc.
I. Circle one letter in each group that has some major difference with the remaining
letters. Describe the difference.
1. t n m k Difference: no final form or
t n m k Difference: uses only one side of the box or
t n m k Difference: uses all four sides of the box or the only labial
2. ^ l $ q Difference: above the box
3. x # ^ ! Difference: not written in its final form

EXERCISE 2
Alphabet - Vowels
A. Which vowels are known as full-letter vowels?
yE y i W / h: .
Why are they called full-letter vowels?

They employ a consonant to create the vowel – that consonant becomes silent.
B. Circle the item in each group which does not belong and explain why.
1. (W) (/) ( y i) ( E )
Reason: The only vowel which is not a full-letter vowel.
2. ( ") ( u) ( <) ( E)
Reason: The only long vowel. or The only vowel that can be used as part of a full-
letter vowel.
3. (W) (/) ( y )e ( I )
Reason: The only vowel which is not a full-letter vowel. or The only short vowel.
4. ( O) ( I) ( y e) ( W )
Reason: The only short vowel.

EXERCISE 3
Alphabet - Special Letters, Dagesh, and Raphe

[91 points]
A. Which letters are gutturals? (alphabetical order, right to left) [6 points]
r [ j h a
Which of these five letters sometimes behaves as a guttural? r .
B. What are the three characteristics governing the gutturals? [3 points]
1. They refuse/reject the doubling dagesh (dagesh forte).
2. They prefer a-class vowels around them.
3. They prefer compound/composite shewa.
Identify the strong gutturals: j h . [1 point]
Identify the weak gutturals: [ a . [1 point]
C. Which letters of the Hebrew alphabet sometimes lose their consonantal character
and become silent? Write them in alphabetical order from right to left. [4 points]
y w h a .
D. Which letters are labials? p m b . [4 points]

Why are they called labials? Their pronunciation involves the lips.
E. Identify the two different kinds of dagesh: hardening dagesh or weak dagesh or
dagesh lene and doubling dagesh or strong dagesh or dagesh forte. [2 points]
F. Which letters take the weak dagesh? (alphabetical order, right to left) [7 points]
t p k d g b .
How does the weak dagesh affect the pronunciation of these letters?
It hardens their consonantal sound.
G. When is the weak dagesh omitted from one of these letters? [2 points]
1. When that letter does not begin a syllable.
2. When that letter begins a syllable but is preceded immediately by a vowel.
H. What letters accept the strong dagesh? [1 point]

All except the five gutturals.
What effect does the strong dagesh have on these letters? [1 point]
It doubles the consonantal sound of these letters.
I. Why is the strong dagesh most commonly employed? [2 points]
1. It may serve as compensation for a letter that has been elided.
2. It is characteristic of certain intensive verb forms.
J. Describe the functions of the raphe. [1 point]

It serves to indicate that a doubling dagesh has been omitted in order to provide a
smoother pronunciation.
K. Circle the letter that does not belong in each group and explain why: [2 points
each = 16 points]
1. [ j p h a Reason: It is the only non-guttural.
2. y w j h a Reason: It cannot become a silent letter.
3. p m d b Reason: It is the only non-labial.

p m d b Reason: It is the only non- begadkephath letter.
4. j h a Reason: It is the only weak guttural

j h a Reason: It is not a silent letter.
j h a Reason: It is the only vowel letter.
5. r [ j h a Reason: It is the only one that is sometimes a guttural.
6. y w h a Reason: It is the only one always silent. or

It is the only one not used in a full-letter vowel.
7. k l d b Reason: It is the only non-begadkephath letter.
8. t p n k Reason: It is the only non-begadkephath letter. or

t p n k Reason: It is the only labial.
t p n k Reason: It is the only one without a final form.
L. On the reverse of this page, complete 7A on page 33 of the textbook.
(1) Circle all guttural letters in the following Hebrew sentence: [9 points]
.tazîo hc,[oh; vyaih; tw<m;ËA@b, yKi¢ hw:Øhy]Ayj'
(2) What kind of dagesh is used in yKi? [1 point] hardening/weak dagesh or dagesh lene
(3) Put a box around each of the B=g&d-K=p&t letters in the sentence above. [4
points]
M. Also on the reverse of this page, perform the exercise described in 8A on page
33 of the textbook. [0.5 point each = 14 points]
13f 14 14f
4 16 13 19 6 5 1 10 8 11 12
d['=l] ymI∞Wq !/yl] hw:hy“A!aun“ yliAWKj' @kel;
22 18 2 3 17f 15 9 17 21
t/k%l;m]m' yxI∞b]q;l] !yI/G #soa>l, yfiP;v]mi yK∞I
20 7 11f
yPia' @/r∞j} lKoª ymi[]z" !h,yle[} &Pov]li
18f
.$r<a:âh;AlK; lkea;Te ytia;n“qi vaE¢B] yKiª
N. Translate the following Hebrew words: [12 points]
tyIB'Ë house [d"y: he knew b/f good
@Be son l/dG: big, great dy: hand, arm
y/G nation yj' life !/y day
rb;D: word, matter, thing rh' mountain, hill jq'l; he took, he received
EXERCISE 4
Alphabet - Half Vowels

and Syllables
A. Indicate whether each of the following statements is True or False by circling either
T or F. If the answer is False, give the correct answer or edit the sentence to
make it read correctly. [18 points]
Example: When two shewas occur back-to-back in the middle of a word, the first is
silent vocal
always vocal and the second is always silent. T F
1. The shewa is not a regular vowel. T F
2. When two shewas occur back-to-back at the end of a word, the first is silent
and the second is vocal silent. T F
3. A shewa which follows a full-letter vowel is usually silent vocal. T F
4. A shewa placed under a letter with a dagesh forte is both vocal and silent.
T F
5. The vowels are always normally pronounced after the consonant with which
they are placed. T F
6. Words always normally begin with a consonant and not with a vowel. T F
7. The ^ always takes a vocal silent shewa when it stands vowelles. T F
8. Shewas which begin syllables are vocal; shewas which close syllables are
silent. T F
9. The gutturals and r require a composite shewa where other letters would only
require a simple shewa. T F
B. Circle all silent shewas in the following words: [7 points]
t/yb;n“ W[GIp]hi &mev] WhdEM]l'y“ !k,T]v]B; T]r“m'a; qr"q ]r"y“

C. Circle all vocal shewas in the following words: [8 points]
t/yb;n“ &mev] WhdEM]l'y“ !k,T]v]B; T]r“m'a; qr"q]r"y“ Whlep]ylia>
D. Divide the following words into syllables: [19 points]
Examples: rpe/soo hm;/k]j: !yI/m'Ë/v; hm;/d:a}/h; !d:/a: rmo/v]li

hr:/Wgm] r/g/m; [g"/P; br:[}/m' qr"/q]r"y“ (1)
Wr/m;Ë/v;o !ybi/k;//K !yI/l'/b]DI T]r“m'/a; (2)
Wn/mef]/c]yI !yhi/løa> @Wx/B;/r“yI !yI/m'Ë/v; (3)
E. Read aloud the following exercises. Be sure to pronounce the vowels correctly. The
sign ( Ë) placed above a letter indicates that the accent is on that syllable. All other
words are accented on the last syllable.
1. Words employing the shewa and furtive pathach:
!yrIm]/v &WrB] ['/mv] j'Wr ['/ml] rmov]li rmol]

!yhiløa> T]r“m'v; &l,m,Ë hm;d:a} Wrm]v]yI WlF]qi
&/T /Br“j' @k,K]l]m' T]l]f'q; lkoa} !ymik;j} rbo[}
rpesow“ ynEp]li l['p]nI yrEj'a} rmov]a, !/loj} &l,m,Ëw“
2. Words with letters that look alike:
k and b (a)
b/f d/bK; hKo bk;/K ar:B; jf'B; zz"B;

dbeK; aSeKi rq,BoË br<[,Ë lkoy: lk;yhe rb'[; lk'a;
g and n (b)
hl;G: @G:h' vg"n: #g"n: [g"n: an: bn"G: !G" ld"G:

lm;G: vgEnO gG" lp'n: @t'n: @G" vgEN:yI !yNIG"
d and r (c)
[v;r: !Wr #d"r: br" r/D dwID: varo rb;D:

/Td“rI !D"r“nI hd<ro vr"D: rd<aeË r/rD“ &r<D<Ë !D:
j and h (d)
rh;n: rh' gr"h: hf;j; &v,joË qz"j; @he &l'h; hy:j;

!henO hj;n: hw:q; lh;q; vj;n: lj'n: jq'l; @heKo
w and z (e)
dl;y: rz"w: rk'z: bh;z: sWsw“ tazO zz"B; zWB

[r"z<oË hZ<h' h[or“p'W !d:a;w“ hn:b;W ynIv]w" @qez:
! and s (f)
!yMiy" sWn #s,K,Ë #s'y: ds,j,Ë !l'j; aSeKi !/y sWs

!d:a; #s,ao #s'a; bb's; rp's; !ve !Wq !k;j; !['
c and v (g)
[v;r: #r"c; hr:c; !yci !v; rb'v; la'v;

vgEnO rc;B; lv'm; ac;n: vp,n<Ë hc;[; fpevo vm,v,Ë
EXERCISE 5
Accents and Review of Syllables
A. Briefly describe the function of the following accents:
1. Athnach — Disjunctive accent; marks the logical middle of the verse.
2. Silluq — Disjunctive accent; marks the last accented syllable of the verse.
3. Soph pasuq — Marks the end of a verse.
4. Zaqeph qaton — Disjunctive accent; marks the logical middle of a half of a

verse both before and after the athnach; marks the quarter point (logically)
of a verse.
5. Munach — The strongest conjunctive accent.
B. Divide the following words into syllables by drawing a vertical line between each
syllable.
Examples: rpe/soo hm;/k]j: !yI/m'Ë/v; hm;/d:a}/h; !d:/a: rmo/v]li

lko/y: ar:/B; &l,/m,Ë lf'/q; rm'/v; lkoa} &Wr/B; d/b/K; br</[,Ë (1)
!k,T]/v]B; tr</m,Ë/vo !ybi/k;//K !yhi/løa> hm;/d:a} T]r“m'/v; T;/r“m'/a; (2)
Wn/yke/r:/d“Ki !l;//[/l]h' !k,/ylea} !k,/yte//ba} rmo/ale hy:/k]c:ê (3)
C. Indicate whether the following : vowels are qamets or qamets hatuph by circling
the correct answer. Clue: Qamets hatuph is located in a closed and unaccented
syllable.
1. rm'a; qamets qamets hatuph
2. hl;k]a;â first vowel qamets qamets hatuph

second vowel qamets qamets hatuph
3. hm;k]j; first vowel qamets qamets hatuph

4. T;r“m'v; first vowel qamets qamets hatuph

5. hK;r“a; first vowel qamets qamets hatuph

6. Wrz“[:â qamets qamets hatuph
7. !h,ynEz“a; qamets qamets hatuph
8. hn:v; first vowel qamets qamets hatuph

9. ynINEj; qamets qamets hatuph
D. Indicate whether the statement is True or False by circling either T or F.

If the answer is False, correct the statement.
1. Closed syllables may always end in a consonant. T F
2. Normally, long vowels occur in open syllables and short vowels occur in
closed syllables. T F
3. Syllables which are closed and have no accent must have a short vowel.
T F
4. Long vowels do not occur in accented closed syllables. T F
5. Short vowels do not occur in accented open syllables. T F
6. Hebrew words can take their primary accent on the last two syllables but
never on any other syllable. T F
7. The metheg differs from the silluq in that the metheg silluq occurs only
under the tone syllable of the last word of the verse or phrase. T F
8. If the vowel : occurs in a closed, unaccented syllable, then it is a qamets

hatuph. T F
9. If the vowel : occurs in an open, accented syllable, then it is a qamets.

T F
10. The silluq athnach designates the principal division of the verse but does
not necessarily divide it in the exact center. T F
E. Define what it means for Hebrew words to be in pause.

A Hebrew word is in pause if they occur at a major stop (pause) of a verse or clause.
F. Transliterate the following Hebrew words. For the vowels use the transliteration
symbols given in the vowel chart in the textbook on page 39. For the consonants
use the transliteration symbols given in the chart on pages 20-21 in the textbook.
Divide the syllables by using hyphens.
Example: a=l)-h'm < !yhiløa>

z*-k*r < rk;z:
m!d-B*r < rB;d“mi
h*-a*-r$x < $r<a:âh;
v*-l&j < jl'v;
q)-f@l < lfeqo
K*-bod < d/bK;
h&v-v*-m&-y!m < !yIm'ËV;h'
B=r@a-v't < tyviarEB]
a(z-n?-k$m < !k,ynEz“a;
EXERCISE 6
The Article and Interrogation
A. Attach the definite article with the appropriate pointing to the following words. [30]
Examples: !Veh' br<[,Ëh; &r<D<Ëh'

1. @b,a,Ëh; 11. lm;G:h' 21. taF;j'h'
2. r/Bh' 12. rc;B;h' 22. b[;h;
3. r/kB]h' 13. bk;/Kh' 23. z[;h;
4. bh;Z:h' 14. tm,a>Ëh; 24. lk;yheh'
5. [r"Z<Ëh' 15. &v,joËh' 25. !/Yh'
6. byEaoh; 16. @yI['Ëh; 26. !k;j;h,
7. dl,YË<h' 17. bb;Leh' 27. lg<r<Ëh;
8. @G"h' 18. qjoh' 28. !j,L,Ëh'
9. r/ah; 19. *lw<[;Ëh; 29. qz:j;h,
10. rp;[;h, 20. rh;N:h' 30. !yIm'ËV;h'
B. Attach the interrogative h with the appropriate pointing to the following words. [15]
Examples: rmevoh} tmeh;h, hS,k'm]h'
1. hT;a'h' 6. aløh} 11. ynIa}h'
2. Wrm]v:âh} 7. rk'z:h} 12. hn:[;h,
3. tazOh} 8. T]a'h' 13. ayhih'
4. !T,r“m'v]h' 9. af;j;h, 14. dl'y:h}
5. aWhh' 10. q['x;h} 15. &l'h;h,
C. Attach the interrogative hm with the appropriate pointing to the following words.
[15]
Examples: t;yci[;Ahm, hT;a'Ahm; ar:q]YIAhm'

1. rm'V;Ahm' 6. hy:h;Ahm, 11. [g"N:Ahm'
2. hc;[;Ahm, 7. !l'j;Ahm, 12. rk'M;Ahm'
3. hL,aeËAhm; 8. la'V;Ahm' 13. lg<rË<Ahm;
4. aWhAhm' 9. jq'L;Ahm' 14. rm'aoAhm;
5. hZ<Ahm' 10. hn:[;Ahm, 15. &p'V;Ahm'
D. Circle the article in each group which is pointed incorrectly and explain why. [10]
1. !d:a;h, ![;h; rb,Q,Ëh' Reason: Before a guttural other than h, j, or [ a

qamets is used.
2. @/ra;h; dl,y<Ëh, r/Dh' Reason: Before a non-guttural h' plus a dagesh

forte is used.
3. lk;yHeh' lWbG“h' @yI['Ëh; Reason: Before a strong guttural h' is used.
4. ry[ih; !aeh; ja;h' Reason: Before a guttural with accented qamets,

h; is used.
5. rq;B;h; !l;/[h; vWkr“h:â Reason: Before a non-guttural h' plus a dagesh

forte is used.
E. Circle the interrogative h in each group which is pointed incorrectly and explain
why. [10]
1. yrIa}h; aløh} lf'q;h} Reason: Before a shewa or guttural h' is used.
2. hl;[;h, T]a'h' rm'V;h' Reason: Before a non-guttural h} is used and there

should be no dagesh in the shin.
3. rmeaoh; @T,[]d"y“h' lvom]yIh} Reason: Before a shewa or guttural h' is used.
4. !l'j;h' &l'm;h} lf'q;h} Reason: Before a guttural with qamets h, is used.
5. hn<b]yIh} hm;d:a}h; rm,atoh} Reason: Before a shewa or guttural h' is used.

F. Indicate whether the statement is True or False by circling either T or F.

If the answer is False, correct the statement. [10]
1. Though usually now attached, when the definite article stands stood alone
(unattached), it has had the form lh'. T F
2. When the article is attached to a word beginning with a weak guttural or

r, it is pointed with a qamets. T F
3. Like Unlike the article, the interrogative h is pointed with a pathach when
it is affixed to a word beginning with a guttural not pointed with a
qamets, or any letter pointed with a shewa. T F
4. The interrogative h is always attached inseparably. T F
5. The interrogative pronouns ymi and hm follows basically the same pointing
as the article. T F
G. Translate the following words into English. [30]
the man !d:a;h; man, a man !d:a; 1

the son @Beh' a son @Be 2
a nation y/G the nation y/Gh' 3
the man, the vyaih; a man, a husband vyai 4
husband
the hand dY:h' a hand dy: 5
a woman, a wife hV;ai the woman, the wife hV;aih; 6
the brother ja;h; a brother ja; 7
the way &r<D<Ëh' a way &r<D<Ë 8
the day !/Yh' a day !/y 9
a word, a thing, rb;D: the word, the thing, rb;D:h' 10
a matter the matter
EXERCISE 7
Prepositions
A. Attach the preposition l inseparably to the following words. [15]
Examples: !vel] tazOl] qr:B;l]

1. r/kb]li 6. rc;B;l] 11. taF;j'l]
2. bh;z:l] 7. bk;/kl] 12. lk;yhel]
3. byEaol] 8. tm,a>l, 13. hm;k]j;l]
4. rp;[;l] 9. bb;lel] 14. qz:j;l]
5. lm;G:l] 10. rh;n:l] 15. !yIm'Ëv;l]
B. Attach both the inseparable preposition l and the definite article to the following
words. [30]
Examples: @yVil' lg<r<Ël; qr:B;l'

1. !d:a;lâ: 11. r/BGIl' 21. d/bK;l'
2. bLel' 12. hl;y“L'l' 22. !yhiløale
3. rb,Q,Ël' 13. !l;/[l; 23. hm;d:a}l;
4. rb;D:l' 14. vWkr“l; 24. !yIm'ËV;l'
5. ry[il; 15. hl;k]a;l; 25. lh;Q;l'
6. @r<Q,Ël' 16. &l,M,Ël' 26. sWSl'
7. rq,BoËl' 17. r/al; 27. !Vel'
8. rc;B;l' 18. !/Yl' 28. @G"l'
9. r/Dl' 19. tm,a>l; 29. r/rD“l'
10. lk;yhel' 20. &WrB;l' 30. varol;
C. Attach the preposition @mi inseparably to the following words. [15]
Examples: ba;me taZOmi qr:B;mi

1. lm;G:mi 6. aSeKih'me 11. lg<r<Ëme
2. &v,jËh'me 7. rp;[;me 12. vj;N:mi
3. lv;M;mi 8. rh;h;me 13. taZoh'me
4. h[;r:me 9. rh;N:mi 14. hm;d:a}me
5. !d:a;me 10. #seaome 15. lk;yheme
D. The following words have a preposition prefixed to them. Indicate whether they
have the article (articular) or do not have the article (anarthrous). If the word
is articular, give the anarthrous form with the preposition; if it is anarthrous, give
the articular form with the preposition. [10]
Examples:
• rb;d:K] (____ articular; __x__ anarthrous) rb;D:K'
• lk;yheB' (__x__ articular; ____ anarthrous) lk;yheB]
1. !/da>B, (____ articular; __x__ anarthrous) !/da>B;
2. !d:a;K:â (__x__ articular; ____ anarthrous) !d:a;K]
3. taF;j'me (____ articular; __x__ anarthrous) taF;j'h'me
4. yqilem;[}l"â (____ articular; __x__ anarthrous) yqilem;[}l;
5. vyail; (__x__ articular; ____ anarthrous) vyail]
E. Circle the one inseparable preposition which is pointed incorrectly in each set and
explain why. [10]
Example:
rv,a}K' hd:WhyBi vyail' Reason: Before a guttural the pathach becomes qamets
for the definite article.
1. hm;d:a}li lk;yheB] !d:a;K:â Reason: Before a composite shewa the corresponding

short vowel is used.
2. lgEr"me hd:Why“li l/qB] Reason: The shewa should drop out under the yod.
3. !/da>K, !yhiløa>B, !d:a;K:â Reason: An exception—the seghol and hatef seghol

combine to form tsere-’aleph.
4. vyaimi hl;y“L'ËB' rp:[;K, Reason: Before a guttural that rejects the doubling
dagesh, the hireq should be heightened to a
tsere to compensate.
5. !j,L,Ël' vj;n:mi !d:a:h:âme Reason: Before a non-guttural the nun is assimilated by
means of a doubling dagesh in the first letter of
the word.
F. Translate the following words and phrases into English. [100]

Example:
. a man vyai for the man vyail; <
for the man !d:a;l:â for a man !d:a;l] (1

from the nation y/Gh'me from a nation y/Gmi (2
like the day !/YK' like a day !/yK] (3
from the house tyIB'Ëh'me from a house tyIB'Ëmi (4
like the father ba;K; like a father ba;K] (5
behind a house tyIB'Ë rj'a'Ë after a brother ja; rj'a'Ë (6
to God !yhiløale unto God !yhiløa> la, (7
without life yj' yliB] between the man vyaih; @yBe (8
with the man !d:a;h:â ![i with the word/thing rb;D:h' tae (9
like the man before/in the presence of God !yhiløa> ynEp]li !d:a;K:â (10
The man saw the priest. @heKoh' !d:a;h:â ha;r: (11
The son said, “What did he do?” (or, “What has he done/made?”) hc;[;Ahm, @Beh' rm'a; (12
Who gave water to the man? !d:a;l:â !yIm'Ë @t'n: ymi (13
Has the king spoken to the people from the palace? lk;yheh'A@mi ![;l; &l,M,Ëh' rB,dIh} (14
God placed the mountain in the land (or, on the earth). $r<a:âB; rh;h; !yhiløa> !yci (15
God gave the land to the people. ![;l; $r<aË;h; !yhiløa> @t'n: (16
The priest went out from the temple to the mountain. rh;l; lk;yheh"âme @heKoh' ax;y: (17
EXERCISE 8
Conjunctions and the Relative Pronoun
A. Attach the conjunction w with the appropriate pointing to the following words. [15]
Examples: !vew“ tazOw“ qr:B;W

1. lm;G:w“ 6. bb;lew“ 11. dl,y<Ëw“
2. rc;B;W 7. ha;r:w“ 12. hj;n“miW
3. @yIv'Ëw“ 8. lg<r<Ëw“ 13. dg<B,ËW
4. tyrIB]W 9. qjow“ 14. lWbG“W
5. @G"w“ 10. r/BW 15. tm,a>w<
B. Circle the conjunction in each group which is pointed incorrectly and explain
why. [10]
Example:
rv,a}w" hd:WhywI vyaiw: Reason: The normal conjunction is w“ and is not affected by
a guttural.
1. !d:a;w“ !yrIb;d“W @bew“ Reason: Before a labial the conjunction becomes W.
2. &l'h;w“ rk'm;w“ ry[iw“ Reason: Before a labial the conjunction becomes W.
3. rb;d:W bh;z:w“ js'p,'ËW Reason: Only before a labial does the conjunction become
W. d is not a labial.
4. rc;b;w“ br<q<Ëw“ hp,W Reason: Before a labial the conjunction becomes W.
5. !l;/[w“ ar:b;W @['n"Ëk]wI Reason: Before a shewa the conjunction becomes W.

C. Circle either T or F in order to indicate whether the statement is True or False. If

the statement is False, give the correct answer. [10]
1. Originally the conjunction w was pointed with a pathach and followed by a

dagesh forte, similar to the definite article. T F
2. UnLike the inseparable preposition, the pointing under the conjunction is

changed to a hireq shureq when it is attached to a word beginning with a
simple shewa. T F
3. When the conjunction is a W, then the first letter of the word to which it is
attached must be a b, m, p, or a letter with a simple shewa. T F
4. When the conjunction is attached to a word beginning with a composite

shewa, it is a shureq takes the corresponding short vowel. T F
5. UnLike the inseparable prepositions, the conjunction, when attached to a word

beginning with the definite article, does not take the position and pointing of
the article. T F
D. Translate the following words and phrases into English. [100]
and a king &l,m,ËW and the city ry[ih;w“ (1

and the man !d:a;h:âw“ and for the man !d:a;lâ:w“ (2
and for a man vyail]W and a son @beW (3
the man and the woman or the husband and the wife hV;aIh;w“ vyaih; (4
to/for the son from the father and from the brother ja;h;meW ba;h;me @Bel' (5
lk;yheh'Ala, &l,M,Ëh' 1aB; hl;y“L'Ëb'W (6
and in the night the king came into the palace/temple
hV;aIh;w“ vyaih; !yhiløa> hc;[; (7
God made the man and the woman or God made the husband and the wife.
!yhiløa>h:â rj'a'Ë y/Gh' &l'h; &l,m,Ë yliB] (8
Without a king the nation walked after God. or Without a king the nation followed God.
1
aB; is a form of the verb a/B (to come, to enter). It may be translated as he came or he entered.
ry[ih;me aB; rv,a} vyaih; 1tae &r<D<ËB" @heKoh' &l'h; (9

The priest walked in the path with the man who came from the city.
2
hl;y“L'ËB' ry[ih; l[' ![;h; aB; (10
The people came upon the city in the night or The people came against the city by night.
rB,DI rv,a} rb;D:h' rv,a}K"â y/Gl' !yhiløa> @t'n: rv,a} $r<a:Ëh : ![;h; ha;r: (11
The people saw the land which God gave to the nation according to the word which He spoke.
rh;B; tB'h'w“ @Beh' tae vyaih; bv'y: (12
The man dwelt with the son and the daughter on the mountain.
E. Translate the following words and phrases into Hebrew. [25]

Example:
The woman in the palace lk;yheB" hV;aih;
1. The king and the servant db,[,Ëh;w“ &l,M,Ëh'

2. Between the son and the daughter tB'h'w“ @Beh' @yBe
3. Before God and the king &l,M,Ëh'w“ !yhiløa> ynEp]li
4. According to the master @/da}K'
5. From the water to the water !yIM'l' !yIM'h'A@mi or !yIM'l' !yIM'h'me
Extra Credit – From the Hebrew Old Testament [+5%]
Translate the following into English:
{yðli K" ah-lfK tí)

" wº veseKahwº ö-bfhZæ ah-lfK-3te) xØaqlf wº
And he took all the gold and the silver and all the vessels/utensils.
1
See the textbook, page 60, footnotes 95 and 96, concerning tae as either a preposition or the direct object
marker.
2
With regard to this form, see the textbook, page 53 (5C).
3
See fn 1, above.
EXERCISE 9
Noun and Adjective: Their Gender and Number
In the chart below, observe the general vowel changes that usually take place in
forming a masculine plural noun or adjective. Note that some words are both
adjectives and nouns (e.g., !k;j; = wise man as well as wise). The following
examples do not cover all possible vowel changes in Hebrew nouns of one or two
syllables.
Singular Plural
1-syllable nouns !D: !ymiD:
$/q !yxi/q
sWs !ysiWs
2-syllable nouns rb;D: !yrIb;D“
!k;j; !ymik;j}
l/dG: !yli/dG“
aycin: !yaiycin“
A. Give the masculine plural of the following words. [10]
Singular Plural Singular Plural

> sWs !ysiWs 6. rq;B; !yrIq;B]
1. r/a !yrI/a 7. rP; !yrIP;
2. aybin: !yaiybin“ 8. rWs !yrIWs
3. b/f !ybi/f 9. ll;j; !ylil;j}
4. rz: !yrIz: 10. bz:K; !ybiz:K]
5. !/rm; !ymi/rm]
B. Review the chart in the Textbook on page 69. Give the feminine singular and plural
of the following words (5):
Masculine Singular Feminine Singular Feminine Plural
sWs hs;Ws t/sWs
b/f hb;/f t/b/f
l/dG: hl;/dG“ t/l/dG“
!k;j; hm;k;j} t/mk;j}
vdEq; hv;dEq] t/vdEq]
r/hf; hr:/hf] t/r/hf]
C. Circle the incorrect word and explain why it is incorrect (5):

Example:
hs;Ws hb;/f hv;yai Reason: should be hV;ai
1. t/sWs !ynIz“ao !ysiWs Reason: should be !yIn"Ëz“a;
2. ts;Ws hl;/dG“ hb;/f Reason: should be hs;Ws or t/sWs
3. !yrIb;D“ mysiWs !yhiløa> Reason: should be !ysiWs
4. hb;/f hV;ai hm;k;j; Reason: should be hm;kj

; }
5. t/l/q t/Vai t/b/f Reason: should be !yvin:
D. Translate the following Hebrew into English (5):

the horses !ysiWSh' (1 Kings 10:18)
great woman hl;/dG“ (Genesis 20:9)
and the men !yvin:a}h;w“ (Genesis 46:32)
like the things or like the words or as the words or according to the words !yrIb;D“K' (Genesis 24:28)
EXERCISE 10
Noun and Adjective: Their Relationship
A. 1. Translate the following Hebrew phrases and sentences into smooth English. [75]
2. Circle all attributive adjectives. [8]
3. Draw a box around all predicative adjectives. [5]
Note: Even though these phrases and sentences might be taken from the Old
Testament (as indicated by the footnotes), do not use a Bible translation to help in
translating them.
Example: the big horse is good l/dG:h' sWSh' b/f
and a horse like the horse

1
sUØSaK sUØswº (1
like the horse in the wilderness

2
rÙB
f d
: M
i aB sUÛSaK (2
the great city

3
;h×lf odG: ah ryÛ(
i h
f (3
the great priest or the high priest

4
lOídGf ah û}h
" oKahwº (4
unto a good land

5
ühb
f O+ jerÜe)-le) (5
Who is a great nation?

6
lOêdGf yOØg-yim (6
Yahweh is great.
7
hÕwf hºy lOØdGf (7
8
;r×b
f D
f ah bOÛ+ 9[rèam)
f ] {Öf(fh (8
The people said, “The word [or, thing, matter] is good.”
10
bOÕ+B
: (Øar-O) (Ùrf B
: bOÛ+ (9
good in bad or bad in good or In an evil thing is good or in a good thing is evil.
[In the latter translation above, bOÛ+ and (Øar should have boxes.]
[If a student translates “good for bad or bad for good,” he has probably looked in a Bible.]
1
1 Kings 20:25
2
Isaiah 63:13
3
Genesis 10:12
4
Leviticus 21:10
5
Exodus 3:8
6
Deuteronomy 4:7
7
Psalm 135:5
8
1 Kings 18:24
9
The word in square brackets has been altered from its form in this passage in the Old Testament in order
to make it translatable for the beginning student. The brackets should be omitted in the English translation.
10
Leviticus 27:10
1
qyÕD
i acwº hØwf hºy 2 }UØNax (10
x
Yahweh is gracious and righteous.
3
bOÕ+-)ol qyØiDaCal (11
It is not good for the righteous. or It is not good for the righteous man/person/one.
or It is not a good thing for the righteous.
4
.laer:c]yIl] !yhiløa> hc;[; rv,a} !ybi/Fh'w“ !yli/dG“h' !yrIb;D “h' y/Gh' ha;r: (12
The nation saw the great and the good things which God did for Israel.
B. Translate the following English phrases and sentences into Hebrew [31]:
Example: the great king l/dG:h' &l,M,Ëh'
1. a good man b/f vyai or b/f !d:a;
2. good men !ybi/f !yvin:a} or !ybi/f !yviyai
3. good women t/b/f !yvin:
4. a good woman hb;/f hV;ai
5. The priest is good. @heKoh' b/f
6. The king and the nation are great. y/Gh'w“ &l,M,Ëh' !yli/dG“
7. The people loved the good king from that great city.
ayhih' hl;/dG“h' ry[ih;me b/Fh' &l,M,Ëh' ![;h; bh'a;
or ayhih' hl;/dG“h' ry[ih;A@mi b/Fh' &l,M,Ëh' ![;h; bh'a;
1
Psalm 116:5
2
gracious
3
Proverbs 17:26
4
This sentence is not from the Old Testament, but reflects its concepts.
EXERCISE 11
The Construct State
Supplementary Table of Construct Forms:

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct
Gender singular singular plural plural
Masculine ja; 1
yjia} !yjia' yjea}
@Be @B, !ynIB; ynEB]
&l,m,Ë &l,m,Ë !ykil;m] ykel]m'
![' ![' !yMi[' yMe['
varo varo !yviar: yvear:
Feminine tB' tB' t/nB; t/nB]
!/qm; !/qm] t/m/qm] t/m/qm]
ry[i ry[i !yrI[; yrE[;
See, also, the tables on pages 82 and 83 of the Textbook.
Supplementary Vocabulary:
hg:D: fish
!v; there
!/hT] deep, primeval ocean
A. Translate the following Hebrew phrases and sentences into smooth English.
translating them.
Example: He called on the name of God !yhiløa>A!v,B] ar:q;
And darkness was upon the surface of the deep. 2

{OÕht
: yØn" P: -la( |e$Ùoxwº (1
the fish of the sea 3

{ðYf ah tíagd
: (2
1
Some of the nouns expressing family relationships take the hireq of the old genitive ending in the
construct (e.g., ba; and ja;).
2
Genesis 1:2
3
Genesis 1:26
the tops/heads/peaks of the mountains 1

{y×ri h
f Òeh yÛ$
" )fr (3
2
{Ù$
f hf&Û(
f -re$)
A axB
ê" zº M
i ah ü{Oq:m-le) (4
unto the place of the altar which he made there

the son of the brother of Abram or Abram’s brother’s son
or Abram’s nephew
3
{Ùrf b
: a) yÛx
i )
A -}eB (5
4
{yêh
i ol)
E h
f tØarOT-le) ütOcfr)
A h
f yÜM
" a(m
" 5 lîD
f b
: Né ah-lfk×w: (6
And all the ones who separated themselves from the peoples of the lands unto the law of God.
B. Rewrite the following words in their construct form. If the word is singular, give the
singular construct; if plural, the plural construct:
Example: rb'D“ < rb;D:
b/f < b/f (6 AlK; < lKo 1)

dy" < dy: (7 !k'j} < !k;j; 2)
bh'z“ < bh;z: (8 t/dy“ or ydEy“ < !yId"Ëy: 3)
tr"/T < hr:/T (9 @B, < @Be 4)
yrEb]DI < !yrIb;D“ (10 l/dG“ < l/dG: 5)
C. Translate the following phrases into Hebrew:
1. The house of the king: &l,M,Ëh' tyBe

2. The man of God: !yhiløa> vyai
3. The son of God: !yhiløa> @B,
4. The words of the priest: @heKoh' yrEb]DI
5. The mares of the daughter: tB'h' t/sWs
6. The name of the city: ry[ih; !v,
1
Genesis 8:5
2
Genesis 13:4
3
Genesis 14:12
4
Nehemiah 10:29
5
lfDb
: Né ah = the ones who separated themselves (a participle with the definite article from *ld"B; (he
separated). The singular here is employed as a collective, therefore it is translated as a plural.
7. All of the nations: !yI/Gh'AlK;

8. The brother of the woman: hV;aih; yjia}
9. The hands of the good servant: b/Fh' db,[,Ëh; ydEy“
10. The cities of the great land: hl;/dG“h' $r<a;Ëh; yrE[;
D. Circle the construct form in each group which is pointed incorrectly and explain
why.
1. vyai lKo dy" Reason: In construct the holem shortens to qamets hatuph.
2. !ve ja' rb'D“ Reason: In construct the pathach shortens to hateph

pathach and ja; takes a hireq yod suffix.
3. ![; yrEb]DI t/l/q Reason: In construct the qamets shortens to pathach.
4. rh; ts"Ws ry[i Reason: In construct the qamets shortens to pathach.
5. yrEb'D“ tr"/T @B, Reason: In construct the pathach shortens to shewa and,
since two shewas cannot stand back-to-back at the
beginning of a word, the first shewa changes to
hireq.
E. Indicate whether the statement is True or False. If the answer is False, edit the
statement so that it is worded correctly.
1. Words bound together by a maqqeph are essentially considered one word, but
are not always in a construct relation. T F
2. Each noun in construct loses its accent and its long vowel if possible. T F
3. Normally, full-letter vowels cannot be reduced; however, occasionally they

are shortened when they occur in a noun in construct. T F
4. The noun in construct is normally translated in a way that joins two nouns in
the construct relation with the English preposition “of.” T F
5. In the Hebrew Bible the construct is always sometimes attached to the

absolute (genitive) with a maqqeph. T F
6. When the word in the absolute (genitive) is definite, the word in the construct
also has does not have the article written with it in Hebrew, since they must
agree. T F
7. When an adjective qualifies a word in construct, the adjective is attached with

a maqqeph and inserted between the construct and after the absolute. T F
8. When a word with a dual ending is in construct, the pointing is identical to a

plural noun in construct. T F
EXERCISE 12
Personal Pronouns
ll'B; he mixed, confused (languages)
1
&WrB; blessed
r/BGI man, warrior, hero
rK;Ki environs, circuit; the broad southern
portion of the Ghor (the Jordan Valley)
@yIa'me from where? (@yIa" + @mi)
@KeAl[' therefore
hT;[' now
hp;c; lip, language2
A. Translate the following Hebrew phrases and sentences into smooth English.
translating them.
Example: You are a good/beautiful woman T]a' hb;/f hV;ai
Asshur went out from that land. 3

rUÕ<a) )Øc
f yæ )wÙh
i ah jerÛ)
f h
f -}im (1
4
jerÕ)
f h
f -lfK tØap&
: hÙwf hºy lÛalB
f {Ö$
f -yiK lêebB
f 5 üHm
f $
: )Ürf qf }îK" -la( (2
Therefore he called its name Babel because there Yahweh confused the language of all the earth.
or Therefore he called its name Babylon for the LORD mixed the language of all the land there.
6
rêKf Ki ah yØr" (
f B
: üba$yæ +Oèlwº }a(Õnf K: -jer×e)B
: bØa$yæ {Ùrf b
: )
a (3
Abram settled in the land of Canaan and Lot settled in the cities of the Jordan Valley.
or Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan but Lot dwelt in the cities of the Ghor/environs.
1
This form is actually a passive participle derived from the verb &r"B;, he blessed.
2
Cf. Textbook, page 41, Vocabulary.
3
Genesis 10:11
4
Genesis 11:9
5
Hfm$
: = her name = its name (the pronominal suffix is 3fs, agreeing with the antecedent city, a feminine
noun in Hebrew)
6
Genesis 13:12
1
bOÕ+ )wÙh
i ah jerÛ)
f h
f bÖahzÁ ×U (4
And the gold of that land was good. or But that land’s gold is good.
2
yêaDa$ lØ)
" -yén)
A (5
I am El Shaddai. or I am God Almighty.
3
;h×wf hºy |UÛrB
: hÙT
f a( hÛT
f a) (6
You now are the blessed of Yahweh.
4
;Un:x×nf )
A }Ùrf x
f m
" … {ÕeTa) }éyØa)m
" (7
From where are you? … We are from Haran.
5
T
: Üa)-y×m
i … )UÙh yÖki ïn)
f yÓki ïn)
f (8
I, I am he. … Who are you? or I Myself am He. … Who are you?
6
;{×<
" ah yÛ$
" nº a) {Ùlf O("m rÛe$)
A {yÖri oBGi ah hfMÓh
" (9
They/Those are the mighty men who from ancient time were the men of the name.
or They/Those were the warriors/heroes who from eternity were the famous men.
7
;hæN×h
" heLÙ)
" h
f -{éyO×Gah yÛr" (
f m
" -)ol rÖe$)
A (10
They/Those are the ones who are not from the cities of these nations.
B. Translate the following sentences into Hebrew:
The man who dwelt in the great city is good.

.hl;/dG“h' ry[iB; bv'y: rv,a} vyaih; b/f
The prophet saw all which God did to the great nation.
.l/dG:h' y/Gl' !yhiløa> hc;[; rv,a}Alk; aybiN:h' ha;r:
.l/dG:h' y/Gl' !yhiløa> hc;[; rv,a} lKo aybiN:h' ha;r: or
.l/dG:h' y/Gl' !yhiløa> hc;[; rv,a}AlK;Ata< aybiN:h' ha;r: or
.l/dG:h' y/Gl' !yhiløa> hc;[; rv,a} lKoAta< aybiN:h' ha;r: or
1
Genesis 2:12
2
Genesis 17:1
3
Genesis 26:29
4
Genesis 29:4
5
Isaiah 51:12
6
Genesis 6:4
7
Deuteronomy 20:15
The king took all of the things in this great city.

.taoZh' hl;/dG“h' ry[iB; !yrIb;D“h'AlK; &l,M,Ëh' jq'l;
.taoZh' hl;/dG“h' ry[iB; !yrIb;D“h'AlK;Ata< &l,M,Ëh' jq'l; or
The servant heard all the words which Abraham spoke to the kings of the land.
.$r<a;Ëh; ykel]m'l] !h;r:b]a' rBeDI/rm'a; rv,a} !yrIb;D“h'AlK; db,[,Ëh; [m'v;
.$r<a;Ëh; ykel]m'l] !h;r:b]a' rBeDI/rm'a; rv,a} !yrIb;D“h'AlK;Ata< db,[,Ëh; [m'v; or
God spoke to the man whom He created.
.ar:B; rv,a} !d:a;lâ: !yhiløa> rBeDI/rm'a;
HEBREW CROSSWORD PUZZLE

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
b b l a c n r m a
10 9 8
d r y y j b a d
12 11
! a n ! y m v n
15 14 13
b a a d y
19 18 17 16
! a r h a y b n
20
j ^ l m h m p
22 21
! d a b v a r
a
28 27 26 25 24 23
y w g l w d g h y h
w q d
30 29
! [ j h r y [ h
DOWN ACROSS
1. lord, master 21. He saw 1. He said 20. from the king
2. head 24. He knew 3. He lifted up 21. head
3. prophets 26. He took 5. heart 22. man
4. brother 28. day 8. life 23. He was
6. between 9. He descended 25. great
7. He created 11. heavens 27. nation
10. blood 12. utterance 29. toward the city
14. tent 13. hand 30. people
15. He blessed 14. father
16. life, soul 16. prophet NOTE: Omit all vowel
17. He loved 18. mountain pointings. Final forms
19. one (m) 19. mother must fit both directions.
EXERCISE 13
The Regular Verb — Perfect
hD:gua} bundle, sprinkling brush
b/zae hyssop
hNEhi behold
lb'f; he dipped
rmoale saying1 (Qal infinitive from rm'a;)
hZ< hM;l; why (in the world)?2
#s' bowl
hPo here
hq;b]rI Rebekah
A. Translate the following Hebrew sentences into smooth English. Assume that all of
them are complete sentences.
translating them.
You are a holy people to Yahweh. 3

hfwhyal hfTa) $Odfq {a( (1
4
yiT(
: am$
f h"Nh
i rÕom)"l bÛoq(
A yá -le) hêrf m
: ×)
f hfqb
: ri wº (2
And Rebekah said unto Jacob, “Behold, I heard.”
or And Rebekah said to Jacob, “Yes, I heard.”
yêZi ri P: ahwº üyri om)

E ×h
f wº yÜT
i x
i ah 5yÕni (
A ná K: ×ah berØeqB
: UÙb$: yæ lê)
" rf &
: yé yØn" b
: U (3
6
;y×s
i Ubºyahwº yÙUi x
i ahwº
And the Israelites settled among the Canaanites, the Hittites, and the E/Amorites
and the Perizzites and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
1
This can also be represented by a colon rather than any word since it introduces a direct quotation.
2
William L. Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids,
Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1971), 184.
3
Deuteronomy 7:6
4
Genesis 27:6
5
Proper names of peoples are called gentilic nouns. In Hebrew, they characteristically end in y I, often take
the definite article, and may be translated as follows: ynI[}n"K]h' = the Canaanites.
6
Judges 3:5
1
;}éy×)
f T
: r: Ûam)
f wº $yÙ)
i hÛoP-$×y" h
A rÖam)
f $yí)
i -{i) ûhyæ h
f wº (4
And it shall be, if a man says, “Is there a man here?”, then you shall say, “There is not.”
or And it shall be, if a man says, “Is there a man here?” and you shall say, “None.” (or, “No.”)
2
;Un:(×d
f yæ … rOÕxnæ -}eB }Øb
f lf -te) {ÙeT(
: adyº ah (5
Do you know Laban, son of Nachor? … We know (him).
3
þvaSaB-re$)
A {ØD
f aB ý{eTl: ab+
: U bOèz)
" tØaDgu )
A {îeTx
: aql: U (6
And you took a bundle of hyssop and dipped (it) in the blood which was in the bowl.
or And you shall take a bundle of hyssop and dip (it) in the blood which is in the bowl.
4
$yê)
i h
f -te) }ØeTb
: zá (
A ühZå hfMÜlf (7
Why (in the world) did you leave the man?

1. The man kept all the words which God had said.
.!yhiløa> rm'a; rv,a} !yrIb;D“h'AlK; vyaih; rm'v;
.!yhiløa> rm'a; rv,a} !yrIb;D“h'AlK; !d:a;hâ: rm'v;
2. God gave the woman to the man for a wife.
.hV;ail] !d:a;lâ: hV;aih; !yhiløa> @t'n:
.hV;ail] !d:a;hâ: la, hV;aih; !yhiløa> @t'n:
.hV;ail] vyail; hV;aih; !yhiløa> @t'n:
3. From the tent Sarah heard the words which the men said to Abraham.
.!h;r:b]a'l] !yvin:a}h; Wrm]aâ: rv,a} !yrIb;D“h' lh,aoËh;me hr: c; h[;m]vâ:
.!h;r:b]a'Ala, !yvin:a}h; WrB]DI rv,a} !yrIb;D“h'Ata, lh,aoËh;A @mi hr:c; h[;m]vâ:
4. God heard the voice of the people from heaven.
.![;h;Al/q !yIm'ËV;mi !yhiløa> [m'v;
.![;h; l/qAta, !yIm'ËV;mi !yhiløa> [m'v;
5. The sons of the prophet did not obey God.
.!yhiløa> aybiN;h' ynEb] W[m]vâ: alø
1
Judges 4:20 (slightly modified)
2
Genesis 29:5
3
Exodus 12:22
4
Exodus 2:20
EXERCISE 14
Pronominal Suffixes for Nouns
hk;K;Ë so, thus, as follows
hw:x]mi (f; pl t/x]mi) command, commandment
vp,n<Ë (f) soul, life, person
rb'[; he passed by, crossed over
hm,Al[' why?
wc;[e Esau
zP; pure gold
dq'P; he visited, he provided for, he cared for
br" many, numerous
['rE (m; w/3ms sf. Wh[erE) comrade,
companion, friend, fellow
hd<c; (f, irreg) field, country
translating them.
tOØ$p: ná -lfK-te)wº ýwyftïnB

: -te)wº wyØnf B
f -te)wº wyf$næ ö-te) wä &
f (" [xØaqlf ] (1
1
jerêe)-le) þ Oty"B
Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters and all the souls/persons of
his house into a land.
2
hÖez UnyÛh
" ol)
E híN" h
i )Uêhah {OØYaB üram)
f wº (2
And he saaid in that day, “Behold, this is our God.”
3
OêMa(-te) ühwæ hºy dÜaqpf -y×Ki bê)
f Om hØd
" &
: B
i üh(
f m
: ×$
f (3
She heard in the field of Moab that Yahweh had visited/cared for His people.
4
;z×Pf m
i U bÛh
f Zæ m
i !yÕetïwc
: m
i yiTb
: Øah)
f }"Kø-la( (4
Therefore I love/loved/will love your commandments more than gold and more than fine gold.
1
Genesis 36:6 (slightly modified)
2
Isaiah 25:9
3
Ruth 1:6
4
Psalm 119:127
t)ÕoZah ryØ(i h
f lÙa( {yêB i ar {Øyi OG üUr:b×(
f wº (5
1
Uhê(
" r" -le) $yØ) i üUr:m×)f wº
2
;t)×oZah hÙlf Od:Gah ryÛ(
i lf hfkêKf ühwæ hºy hÜ&
f ( f híem-la(
And many nations passed/will pass over against this city; and they said/will say to one another,
“Why did Yahweh do thus to this great city?”
1. The people did not obey the words of the old prophet.
.@qeZ:h' aybiN:h' yrEb]DIAta, ![;h; [m'v;Aalø
2. The king knew that the words of the man of God were good.
.!yhiløa> vyai yrEb]DI !ybi/f yKi &l,M,Ëh' [d"y:
3. The land which God has given to the people is great and good.
.![;h;Ala, / ![;l; !yhiløa> @t'n: rv,a} $r<a;Ëh; hb;/fw“ hl;/dG“
4. The people of the city took all the silver and all the gold to their head.
.!v;aroAla, / !v;arol] bh;Z:h'AlK;Ata,w“ #s,K,Ëh'AlK;Ata, ry[ih; ![' jq'l;
5. The old prophet sat upon the ground all day and called in a great voice, “What
have we done?”
.Wnyci[;Ahm; l/dG: l/qb] ar:q; !/yAlk; hm;d:a}h;Al[' @qeZ:h' aybiN:h' bv'y:
C. Circle the correct spelling of the following words:
1. our horse WnseWË s Wns,WË s
2. her horse Hs;Ws ht;s]Ws
3. your word !k,r“b'D: !k,r“b'D“
4. her mare ht;s;Ws Hs;Ws
5. his counsel /tx;[} /tx'[]
6. my horse ysiWs ytis;Ws
1
Uhê(
" r" -le) $yØ)
i (literally, each unto his friend/neighbor) is an idiom meaning to one another.
2
Jeremiah 22:8
7. our horses WnyseËWs WnseËWs
8. their mares !t;/sWs !h,yte/sWs
9. my mares yt'/sWs yti/sWs
10. our word WnrEËb;D“ WnrEËb]DI

EXERCISE 15
Pronominal Suffixes for Prepositions and tae
byE/a enemy
hpoyae where? what kind?
lyXiM'h' who delivered, who rescued
gr"h; he slew, he killed
rk;z: male
hb;qen“ female
!l,x,Ë image
r/bT; Tabor (place name)
translating them.
1
;{×t
f o) )ÛfrB
f hÙfbq" nº U rÛkf æz OÕto) )ØfrfB {yÙiholE) {elÛec:B (1
In the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.
2
{êekT
: )
i Un:bØa$yæ wº (2
And they dwelt with you. or And they sat with you.
ü{eky"t×obA) yÜ"holE) hîfwhºy ü{eh"lA) ÜfT:ramf)ºw lè")fr:&éy yØ"n:qéz-te) îfT:pas×f)ºw (3

3
bÙoq(
A yá wº qÛx
f :cyé {Öh
f fr:ba) yÓh
" olE) yêal") 4 hØ)
f r: né
And you gathered the elders of Israel and you said unto them, “Yahweh the God of
your fathers appeared unto me—the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”
Or, And you will gather the elders of Israel and you will say to them, “The LORD God
of your fathers appeared to me, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”
1
Genesis 1:27
2
Genesis 34:16
3
Exodus 3:16
4
Translate hØ)
f r: né as has appeared (Niphal perfect 3ms < har).
dÛaYm
i {Öt
f O) lyÛC
i aMah {Õehy"hol)
E hÙwf hºy-te) lê)
" fr:&yé yØn" :B üUr:k×fz )Üolºw (4
; by×ibfSim {Ùehy"bºyo)-lfK
1 2
And the Israelites did not remember Yahweh their God who delivered them
from the hand of all their enemies round about.
Or, And the sons of Israel will not remember the LORD their God Who delivered them
from the power of all of their enemies from around (them).
3
jerÕf)fh-te) {Ùekfl hÖfwhºy }Óatæn-y×iK yiT:(âadæy (5
I knew that Yahweh gave the land to you. or I know that the LORD will give the land to you.
4
;Un×fto) {ÙeT:dabA(áw {yêidfbA(al üUnófl 5 {etyÜiy:héw (6
And you were for us for servants and you served us.
Or, And you will be our servants and you will serve us.
6
{êehOm:k !OØmfK 7… rOÕbftB
: {ÙeTg: arh
A rÛe$A) {yê$
i æn)
A h
f ühopy") (7
What kind were the men whom you killed in Tabor? … Like you, like them.
Or, What kind were the men whom you slew at Tabor? … They were like you.
1. The woman sinned when she took from the tree and ate and gave to her
husband with her.
.Hm;[i Hv;yail] hn:t]nâ:w“ hl;k]aâ:w“ $[eh;me hj;q]lâ: yki hV;a ih; ha;f]jâ:
.HT;ai Hv;yail] hn:t]nâ:w“ hl;k]aâ:w“ $[eh;A@mi hj;q]lâ: rv,a}k ' hV;aih; ha;f]jâ:
.HT;ai Hv;yaiAla, hn:t]nâ:w“ hl;k]aâ:w“ $[eh;A@mi hj;q]lâ:w“ hV;aih; ha;f]jâ:
2. The king went out with his men and in that night he took the great city.
.ayhih' hl;y“L'B' hl;/G“h' ry[ih;Ata, jq'l;w“ wyv;n:a} ![i &l,M ,Ëh' ax;y:
.hl;/G“h' ry[ih;Ata, ayhih' hl;y“L'B' jq'l;w“ wyv;n:a}Ata, &l,M ,Ëh' ax;y:
3. According to your words and your laws you have ruled over us.
.*yt,Ë/r/tw“ *yr<Ëb]DI rv,a}k' WnyleË[; T;l]v'Ëm;
.&yIt'Ë/r/tw“ &yIr"Ëb]DI rv,a}k' WnB;Ë T]l]v'm;
.aløyte/r/tw“ !k,yrEb]DI rv,a}k' WnB;Ë !T,l]v'm]
.@k,yte/r/tw“ @k,yrEb]DI rv,a}k' WnyleË[; @T,l]v'm]
1
Judges 8:34
2
See Textbook, page 60 (3A).
3
Joshua 2:9
4
1 Samuel 17:9
5
Qal perfect 2mp < hyh. The final h in verb roots sometimes appears as a y in some forms of the verb.
6
Judges 8:18
7
The elided text is the Hebrew for “and they answered”—what follows is their answer.
4. Did you not call us from every nation and gather us to yourself forever?
.!l;/[l] *yl,Ëae Wnt;Ëao T;p]s'a;w“ y/GAlK;mi Wnt;Ëao T;ar:q; aløh}
.d['l] *l] Wnt;Ë/a T;p]s'a;w“ y/GAlK;mi Wnt;Ë/a T;ar:q; aløh}
C. Briefly answer the following questions:
1. Which pronominal suffixes are considered “heavy”?

!k,, @k,, !h,, and @h,
2. Why do certain prepositions take the plural form when suffixes are added?
They take an old poetic plural form.
3. Why does the preposition @mi with suffixes usually have an additional m
inserted?
The additional m implies a reduplication to compensate for the assimilated n of @mi.
4. What changes in translation occur when suffixes are attached to prepositions

in the plural form versus prepositions in the singular form?
No change takes place.
D. Indicate whether the statement is True or False by circling T or F.

If the answer is False, correct the statement.
1. Prepositions cannot be attached to personal pronouns. T F
2. When the personal pronoun is employed as the object of a verb it is usually

always indefinite. T F
3. The / and H : suffixes are primitive forms of Wh and h; which have survived
with various forms. T F
4. When the preposition K] receives a suffix, it is always sometimes attached to

the poetical form /mK;. T F
5. vyE and @yae denote simple possession in point of time. T F
E. Circle the correct forms (more than one, or none, may be correct):
1. “his horse” !s;Ws /sWs *s]Ws

2. “to us” Wnl;Ë Wnt;Ëao Wnl;
3. “like them” !k,K; !h,K; @h,K;
4. “upon you” *l,Ë[; WnyleË[; *yl,Ë[;
5. “our horses” WnyseËWs WnseËWs Whs;ËWs
6. “unto us” Wnyl,Ëae WnyleËae WnyleËa,
7. “like you” @k,/mËK; !heK; @k,K;
8. “from you” *n“M,Ëmi *M,mi *M,Ëmi
9. “in him” /nB;Ë /nB] WhB;Ë
10. “from her” h;M,Ëmi hN:M,Ëmi &Memi

EXERCISE 16
The Regular Verb — Imperfect and Imperative
&yae how?
hn:/z harlot, prostitute
qjo (pl.: !yQju) statute, decree
@kel; therefore
fP;v]mi judgment, ordinance
d[e testimony, witness
Translate the following Hebrew sentences into smooth English. Assume that all of them
are complete sentences.
translating them.
1
;b×fhæz OÛ) vesÙeK !yêenodA) tyØ"Bim übïn:gén |yè")ºw (1
And how did we steal silver or gold from the house of our masters?
Or, And how will we steal silver or gold from our masters’ house?
2
;{×ft)o=ax dÙoq:péyºw {êfnïwA( rØoKºzéy ühfTa( (2
Now he will remember their iniquity and will judge their sins.
3
}UØrm
: $
: T
i rØe$)
A ý{yi+Pf :$M
i ahwº {yØQ
i x
u Òah heL)
" ö (3
These are the statutes and the judgments which you will keep.
4
;Ul×o$m
: yé )Ûol Ù!b
: U {yêB
i ar {Øyi Og:B üT
f l: a$×m
f U (4
And you ruled over many nations and over you they will not rule.
5
Oêm:$ib UØ):riq ühæwhy×al 6 UÜdOh )Uèhah {OØYaB {îeT:ramA)áw (5
And you said in that day, “Give thanks to Yahweh; call on His name.”
1
Genesis 44:8
2
Jeremiah 14:10
3
Deuteronomy 12:1
4
Deuteronomy 15:6
5
Isaiah 12:4
6
Hifil imperative mp < hdy = give thanks.
1
;h×fwhºy-rab:D yÙi(:mi$ hêfnOz }Ø"kfl (6
Therefore, harlot, “Hear the word of Yahweh.”
2
;!×eny"bU yÛiny"B dÙ"(:l hÛfyfhºw hfTÕ)
f wæ yØni A) tyÙir:b hÛft:r:kén … hèfTa(ºw (7
And now … let us cut a covenant, I and you; and it will be for a witness between me and you.
Or, And now … let’s you and I establish a covenant and it was a witness between me and you.
Or, And now … we will establish a covenant, I and you, and it will be a witness
between me and you.
3
yØb
i -Ul:$m
: yé -l×a) (8
Let them not rule over me. or Do not let them govern me.
1
Ezekiel 16:35
2
Genesis 31:44
3
Psalm 19:14
EXERCISE 17
Participle
A. Give the principle parts of the Qal active participle for the following verbs:
Verb Root ms fs fs (alt.) mp fp

lk'a; lkeao hl;k]ao tl,k,Ëao !ylik]ao t/lk]ao
&l'h; &leho hK;l]ho tk,l,Ëho !yKil]ho t/Kl]ho
#s'a; #seao hP;s]ao tp,s,Ëao !yPis]ao t/Ps]ao
rk'z: rkezO hr:k]zO tr<k,ËzO !yrIk]zO t/rk]zO
bt'K; bteKo hB;t]Ko tb,t,ËKo !yBit]Ko t/Bt]Ko
B. Give the principle parts of the Qal passive participle for the following verbs:
Verb Root ms fs fs (alt.) mp fp

dl'y: dWly: hd:Wly“ ---- !ydIWly“ t/dWly“
@t'n: @Wtn: hd:Wly“ ---- !ydIWly“ t/dWly“
#s'y: dWly: hd:Wly“ ---- !ydIWly“ t/dWly“
dm'[; dWly: hd:Wly“ ---- !ydIWly“ t/dWly“
tr"K; dWly: hd:Wly“ ---- !ydIWly“ t/dWly“
C. Translate the following Hebrew sentences into smooth English. Assume that all of
la'G: he redeemed
dl'y: he bore, he gave birth to
&a;l]m' messenger
[r" evil
1
{êfhfr:ba) yØinodA) üy"holE) ühæwhºy |UÜrfB (1
Blessed is Yahweh the God of my master Abraham.
1
Genesis 24:27
1
;yik×on)
f yÙx
i )
f rÛm
" o$h
A yiT(
: êadyæ )Øol (2
I do not know. Am I my brother’s keeper?
2
qÕfx:céy OÙm:$-te) ft)Ûfrfqºw }ê"B ü!:l tedÜelïy è!:T:$i) hØfrf& (3
Sarah your wife is bearing for you a son and you will call his name Isaac.
or, Sarah your wife is bearing you a son and you shall name him Isaac.
3
(èrf -lfKim yðito) lí")oGah û|)
f l: M
a ah (4
The angel who redeemed me from all evil
or, The messenger who is redeeming me from all evil.
4
tÕoB$
: T
i yÙ(
i yib<
: ah {OÛYabU dêob(
A T
a ü{yimyæ te$Ü$
" (5
Six days you will work and on the seventh day you shall cease (work).
or, You will work six days but on the seventh day you will rest.
D. Identify gender and number for the following participles and imperatives:
1. rmevo gender ____m____ number _____s______.

2. tb,v,Ëy gender ____f____ number _____s______.
3. lWka; gender ____m____ number _____s______.
4. yrIk]zI gender ____f____ number _____s______.
5. j'leËvo gender ____m____ number _____s______.
6. hn:r“moËv] gender ____f____ number _____p______.
7. #se/y gender ____m____ number _____s______.
8. !yviWry“ gender ____m____ number _____p______.
9. W[m]vi gender ____m____ number _____p______.
10. t/dm][o gender ____f____ number _____p______.
1
Genesis 4:9
2
Genesis 17:19
3
Genesis 48:16
4
Exodus 34:21
EXERCISE 18
Infinitive
A. Translate the following sentences into English and, utilizing the parsing sheets,
parse all verbs:
[B'x]a, finger
tWmD“ pattern, form, shape, image
lkoy: he was able
d/sy“ foundation, foundation-wall, base
an: (A particle of urgency that is difficult to translate; often
untranslatable. In some cases, please might be legitimate.)
rp,seË scroll, book, document
rP' young bull
@r<qË, horn (plural: t/nr:q])
&p'v; he poured out, he spilled, he shed
{êd
f )
f ü{yihol)
E )ÜorB
: {OèyB : {Õd
f )f tÙodl: OT repês
" hØez (1
1
;O×to) hÛ&
f (f {yÙh
i ol)
E tUÛmd : B
i
Parsing: )ÜorB
: = Qal inf constr < arb create
hÛf&f( = Qal perf 3ms < hc[ make
This is the book of the generations of Adam when God was creating Adam;
in the likeness of God He made him.
2
yÕli {yÙ$
i næ |erÛed-yiK !yêenPf m
i 3 {UØqlf 4 ülakU) )OÜl (2
Parsing: lakU) = Qal impf 1cs < lky be able
{UØqfl = prep + Qal inf constr < !wq stand/arise
I will not be able to stand before you because the way of women is upon me.
1
Genesis 5:1
2
Genesis 31:35
3
Keep in mind that the middle vowel verbs (e.g., bWv, a/B, !yci, and !Wq) are listed in the lexicons by
means of their infinitive construct forms (see the textbook, page 34 footnote 46 and page 54 footnote 87).
4
This form is the Qal imperfect 1cs from lkoy:. In the imperfect, the first letter of the root (y) becomes a
shureq (W).
{Ùekt
: e) 1 hÛeUacm
: yÖki ïn)
f rÓe$)
A yêatïwc
: mi -le) üU(:m$
: T i a(Üom$
f -{i) 2[hÙeyh
: ×yi ] (3
3
{eky"h×ol)
E hÜwf hºy-te) hîb
f h
A a)l: {OÕYah
Parsing: hÙeyh : ×yi = Qal impf 3ms < hyh be
a(Üom$f = Qal inf abs < [mv hear
U(:m:$iT = Qal impf 2mp < [mv hear
hÛeUacm : = Piel ptcp ms < hwx command
hîb
f hA a)l: = prep + Qal inf constr < bha love
It will come to pass, if you indeed hear my commandments which I am commanding you today,
to love Yahweh your God …
4
;yiTm
: ×lf x
f rÛe$)
A hÙeZah {OÛlx
A ah )ânf -U(:m$
i (4
Parsing: U(:m$i = Qal impv mp < [mv hear
yiTm
: ×lf x
f = Qal perf 1cs < !lj dream
Hear this dream which I dreamed. or Please hear this dream which I had.
!Õe(B
f c
: e)B
: axÙB
" zº M
i ah tÛonr: aq-la( [fTk: ap$ f wº ] rêPf ah {ØaDm
i üT
f x
: aq×lf wº (5
5
;ax×B
" zº M
i ah dwÙosyº -le) |êoP$: T
i {ØD f ah-lfK-te)wº
Parsing: T
f x : aq×lf wº = conj + Qal perf 2ms < jql take
T
f k: ap$ f wº = conj + Qal perf 2ms < ^pv pour
|êoP$
: T i = Qal impf 2ms < ^pv pour
And you took from the blood of the bull and you poured it upon the horns of the altar with your
finger; and you will pour out all the blood on the base of the altar.
Or, And you shall take some of the blood of the bull and you shall pour it upon the horns of the
altar with your finger; and you shall pour out all the blood at the base of the altar.
B. Opposites: Place the letter of the correct opposite in front of the number on the left.
h 1. tB' a. br<[,Ë
l 2. vyE b. bWv
a 3. rq,BoË c. db,[,Ë
i 4. !/y d. tWm
o 5. hV;ai e. !yIm'Ëv;
t 6. ba; f. @mi
k 7. ![i g. ac;n:
s 8. dr"y: h. @B,
d 9. hy:j; i. hl;y“l'Ë
1
Piel participle masculine singular from hwx, commanding.
2
When a Hebrew word occurs in square brackets in the exercises, it is a substitute for the actual word
found in the Hebrew Bible. This is done in order to avoid difficult forms for which the student is not
prepared at this stage of Hebrew study.
3
Deuteronomy 11:13
4
Genesis 37:6
5
Exodus 29:12
j 10. ynEp]li j. rj'a'Ë

f 11. la, k. yliB]
m 12. l[' l. @yae
g 13. !yci m. tj'T'Ë
q 14. @t'n: n. ax;y:
n 15. a/B o. vyai
b 16. &l'h; p. hn:[;
r 17. bv'y: q. jq'l;
p 18. rB,DI r. dm'[;
c 19. &l,m,Ë s. hl;[;
e 20. $r<a,Ë t. !ae
C. Using the preposition l, make the following into infinitive constructs:
1. rKoz“li 6. j'fob]li
2. bTok]li 7. rmov]li
3. &løm]li 8. fPov]li
4. j'løv]li 9. rBoq]li
5. dqop]li 10. rPok]li
D. In the space to the right of each root, write the infinitive absolute for it:
1. lka l/ka; 6. db[ d/b[;

2. dly d/ly: 7. dqp d/qP;
3. [dy ['/dy: 8. bha b/ha;
4. trk t/rK; 9. [mv ['/mv;
5. rkz r/kz: 10. vry v/ry:
EXERCISE 19
Segholate Nouns and Stative Verbs
A. Translate the following sentences into English and parse all verbs (utilizing a
parsing sheet).
!j,r<Ë womb; !ymij}r" (plural of intensity), compassion, mercy
1
;hfM×"h {ØflO("m yÙiK !yÕedfsAxáw hæwhºyø !yØemAxar-rokºz (1
rokzº = Qal impv ms < rkz remember
Remember your mercies, Yahweh, and your loving kindnesses, because they are from eternity.
or, Remember your mercy/compassion and your loving kindness, O Yahweh,
for they are forever.
!yêb
i )
f -te) üyiT(
: óam$
f hÜN" ih rÕom)"l HÙfnB
: bÛoqA(yá -le) hêfr :m×f) ühfq:birºw (2
2
;r×om)"l !yÙixf) wÛf&"(-le) 3 rÖB " adm:
hêrf m
: ×)
f = Qal perf 3fs < rma speak/say
rÕom)"l = preposition + Qal inf constr < rma speak/say
[not required: rÖB" adm
: = Piel ptcp ms < rbd speak]
yiT:(óamf$ = Qal perf 1cs < [mv hear/listen
And/But Rebekah spoke to Jacob her son saying, “Behold, I heard your father speaking to Esau
your brother saying, …” Or, And Rebekah said to Jacob her son: “Look, I heard your father
saying to Esau your brother: … ”
4
;|×t
f o) 5 hÛUf ac:m yÙni A) rÛe$)
A al yÕli oqB
: (Øam:$ yÙni :b hÛT
f a(wº (3
(Øam$
: = Qal impv ms < [mv hear/listen
[not required: hÛUf acm
: = Piel ptcp ms < hwx command]
And now, my son, listen to my voice, to what I am commanding you.
Or, But now, my son, hear my voice, what I am commanding you.
1
Psalm 25:6
2
Genesis 27:6
3
Translate this word as a participle: speaking.
4
Genesis 27:8
5
Translate this word as a participle: commanding.
1
üyiTóatæn è!A(:ráz:l rÕom)"l tyØir:B {Ùfr:ba)-te) hÖfwhºy tÓarf K )Uèhah {OØYaB (4
2
;t×fr:P-rahºn lÙodfGah rÛfhæNah-da( {éyêra :cim rØh
a ºNim t)êoZh
a jerØ)
f h
f -te)
tÓarKf = Qal perf 3ms < trk cut
yiTóatæn = Qal perf 1cs < @tn give
In that day Yahweh cut a covenant with Abram saying, “To your seed I have given this land
from the river of Egypt up to the great river, the river Euphrates.”
Or, On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram: “To your descendants I will give this
land from the river of Egypt as far as the great river, the river of Perath.”
B. Answer the following questions as succinctly as possible:
1. How can one distinguish an imperative from an imperfect?

Imperatives have no imperfect prefixes on them.
2. How can one recognize an infinitive absolute?

By the full-letter vowel holem-waw between the 2nd and 3rd root letters.
3. What are the distinguishing characteristics of the Qal passive participle?

The full-letter vowel shureq between the 2nd and 3rd root letters and noun endings.
4. What single characteristic do the imperative, participle, and infinitive share?

No grammatical person.
5. Carefully explain the difference in function between an active participle and a

passive participle.
The active participle represents the subject as performing the action; the passive
participle represents the subject as the recipient of the action.
1
Qal perfect 1cs @tn. The third root letter (@) is assimilated into the first letter of the verbal suffix (note the
compensatory dagesh forte).
2
Genesis 15:18
EXERCISE 20
The Waw-Correlative and Waw-Consecutive

The Niphal Conjugation
Translate the following sentences into English and parse all verbs
(utilizing a parsing sheet). Proper names are indicated by means of
footnotes in this exercise. For future exercises the student will be
expected to utilize Holladay’s Lexicon.
yai coast, region, island
#s'a; he gathered
!D: blood
sm;j; violence
[d"y: he knew
@/vl; tongue, language
lk;a}m' food
dr"P; he divided, he separated, he spread
!l,x,Ë image
@/varI first
tj'v; he corrupted
1
[)yÕh
i ] 2 yÙri om)
E h
f |elÛem 3 }Öoxyis ryè(
i 4 }OêB:$ex yØiK (1
5
}Oê$)ir×h
f 6 übf)Om |elÜem:B {èax:lén )UØhºw
{èaxl: né = Niphal perf 3ms < !jl fight
For that or For it is Heshbon the city of Sihon king of the Amorites
and he fought against the first king of Moab.
7
;h×fwhºy yÛinA)-y×iK :Ta(Ùadæyºw {ÕiyOg yØ"ny"(:l |ÙfB 8 :T:lÛaxénºw (2
T
: l: Ûaxné wº = waw-correlative Niphal perf 2fs < llj pollute
T: a(Ùadyæ wº = waw-correlative Qal perf 2fs < [dy know
1
The actual form used in the Hebrew Bible is )wih, a normal defective spelling of )yih in the Pentateuch.
2
Proper name of a people (gentilic noun).
3
Proper name of an individual.
4
Proper name of a place.
5
Numbers 21:26
6
Proper name of a place.
7
Ezekiel 22:16
8
From llj.
And you polluted yourself before/in the eyes of nations and you knew that I am Yahweh.
Or, And you will pollute yourself in the sight of nations and you will know that I am the LORD.
1
;s×fmfx jerÙf)fh )Û"lfMT
i áw {yÕiholE)×fh yØ"n:pil jerÙf)fh tÛ"x<
f T
i wá (3
tÛx" <
f T
i wá = waw-consecutive Niphal imperf 2fs < tjv corrupt
)Û"lfMiTáw = waw-consecutive Niphal imperf 2fs < alm fill
And the earth/land was corrupted before God and the earth was filled with violence.
Or, So the land was corrupted in God’s sight and the land was filled with violence.
!yÕel") ÙfTp: asf)ºw lê"kf)Ò"y rØe$A) ülfkA)Òam-lfKim è!:l- 2 xaq hØT f a)wº (4
3
;h×fl:kf):l {Ùehflºw Ö!:l hÛfyfhºw
xaq = Qal impv ms < jql take
lêk" )f Òy" = Niphal imperf 3ms < lka eat
T
f p: as) f wº = waw-correlative Qal perf 2ms < #sa gather
hÛfyfhºw = waw-correlative Qal perf 3ms < hyh be
[for h×lf k: ) f l: , see page 48 of the textbook]
And, as for you, take for yourself from every food which might be eaten
and gather (it) unto yourself and it will be for you and for them for food.
Or, But you, take to you from all food which will be eaten and you shall gather (it)
unto you and it shall be to you and to them for food.
4
;{×fdf)fh-te) hÙf&f( {yêiholE) {elØec:B yiKù |Õ"pf<éy OØmfD {Ùfdf)×fB {êfdf)×fh {ØaD ü|"po$ (5
|"po$ = Qal act ptcp ms < ^pv pour
|Õ"pf<éy = Niphal imperf 3ms < ^pv pour
hf&f( = Qal perf 3ms < hc[ make
The shedder of the blood of mankind, by mankind his blood will be shed,
because in the image of God He made mankind.
Or, As for the one shedding the blood of man, by man will his blood be shed,
for in the image of God He made man.
5
;{×eh¢yOg:B {Ùftox:P:$im:l OÕno$:lil $yÙi) {êftoc:ra):B ü{éyOGah yÜ"Yi) Uîd:r:pén heL")"mö (6
Uîdr: p: én = Niphal perf 3cp < drp divide/separate
From these the regions of the nations were separated by their lands each according to its
language, according to their families by their nations.
Or, The coastlands/islands of the nations were divided in their lands each to his language,
to their families in their nations.
Using the letters given below, construct as many Hebrew words as you
can. Each letter must be adjacent to or diagonal to the next letter of the
word—another letter may not intervene.
For example, rma (he said) is created by attaching the a to the m to the r.
Conversely, attaching the a to the l is not legitimate since the l does not stand
1
Genesis 6:11
2
Qal imperative ms jql, translate: take.
3
Genesis 6:21
4
Genesis 9:6
5
Genesis 10:5
adjacent to the a. (Remember, additional words may be constructed by adding

feminine or plural endings, etc.)
h m a h hz< lkoy: ayhi

r d y a hZ<B' dy: !ae
w k z b ab;x; dY:h' !aeh;
l n h x ybia} ba; hM;a'
!d:a; rm'a; hb;a; ba;h; hM;a'h;
rk'z: lKo !y: &yae !D:
NOTE: There are many more answers that might be given. The following is only a partial listing: !he, dk'l;,
rhemi, hm;, hd:r:, dk'l;e, Wnl;, !ai, ymi, daom], &r<D<h'.
Review
1. Which letters take a weak dagesh (lene)?

b, g, d, k, p, t
2. Which vowels are full-letter vowels?

h :, W, /, y I, y E
3. Which letters take a composite shewa?

Gutturals.
4. Which letters cannot take a strong dagesh (forte)?

Gutturals.
5. What is the function of the athnach?

To mark the main logical division of the verse.
EXERCISE 21
The Piel and Pual Conjugations
A. Translate the following sentences into English and parse all verbs (utilizing
a parsing sheet). Instead of providing a “Supplementary Vocabulary,”
instruction will be given for utilizing Holladay’s Lexicon. From this point on,
all words not given in the textbook’s Vocabulary or Glossary must be looked
up in Holladay’s Lexicon.
1
heLÙ")fh {yÛirfb:Dah-lfK tÖ") {yêiholE) rØ"Badºyáw (1
rØB
" adyº wá = waw-consecutive Piel imperf 3ms < rbd speak
And God spoke all these words.
Or, So God commanded all these things.
There are no new words in #1.
2
;[Oto) $"Daql: ] tÙðfBa<ah {OÛoy-te) ûrOÖkæz (2
rOÖkzæ = Qal inf absol < rkz remember
$"Daq:l = preposition + Piel inf constr < vdq be holy
Remember the day of the sabbath, to sanctify it.
Or, Remember the sabbath day in order to make it holy.
There are no new words in #2.
3
;{y×iholE)fh {Ùf$-re$A) lêepfrA(×fh-le) $ØaGén ühe$omU qÕoxfr"m {Ùf(fh dÛomA(áYáw (3
dÛomA(áYáw = waw-consecutive Qal imperf 3ms < dm[ stand
$ØaGné = Niphal perf 3ms < vgn approach
And the people stood at a distance and Moses approached the cloud where God was.
Or, Then the people stood afar but Moses approached unto the darkness where God was.
There are 3 new words in #3:
(a) qÕoxfrm" : The "m is the preposition @mi whose compensatory dagesh
(for assimilating the nun) has been rejected by the guttural , and the hireq
heightened to tsere to compensate for that rejection. That leaves qoxr f as the
main word. Note the holem between the 2nd and 3rd letters—it might be
spelled fully (O) at times. Look in Holladay’s Lexicon on page 338, column
1. There you find qoxfr and it says, “ƒ qOxfr.” Go to page 337, column 1.
Look under 3. “(stand) m@r`joq at a distance 2 K 27.”
(b) $ØaGné : Note the dagesh in G. It could be compensating for an
assimilated letter (most likely a nun). If so, the root might consist of the
1
Exodus 20:1
2
Exodus 20:8
3
Exodus 20:21
same three letters that are showing: $gn. Look in Holladay’s Lexicon on
page 227, column 2, the last entry: $gn. Notice that the previous entry is not
from the same root since its third letter is a sin, not a shin. The entry says
that the “pf. & pt. expressed by nif.” (“perfect and participle are expressed
by the Niphal”). Also note that the imperfect forms listed in the second line
of the entry do not include $aGné , a potential Qal impf 1cp. Continue to read
the entry. On page 228, column 1, the “nif.” paragraph lists $aGné as the first
of the forms in the perfect (3ms). Since ühe$omU (and Moses) precedes this
verb in the text, it is probably the subject of the verb—that fits the necessity
of agreement in person, number, and gender.
(c) lêeprf (
A ×h
f : The ×fh is an article (the pathach has been heightened to a
qamets to compensate for the normal doubling dagesh that is part of the
form of the definite article but is rejected here by the guttural). Since there
are no other prefixes or suffixes identifiable for this word, it must be a
quadriliteral (4-letter) root. Look in Holladay’s Lexicon, page 284, column
1, for the correct entry.
{yêihob:Gah ü{yirfhÒeh-lfK UèSukºyáw jerÕf)fh-la( dÙo):m dÛo):m UÖr:bÛGf {éyèaMahwº (4

1
;{éy×m
f <
f ah-lfK taxÙaT-re$) A
UÖr:bÛfG = Qal perf 3cp < rbg excel/be strong
UèSukºyáw = waw-consecutive Pual imperf 3mp < hsk cover
And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth
and all the high mountains which were under all the heavens were covered.
Or, And the waters swelled very much indeed above the earth
and all of the high mountains beneath all the sky were covered.
Or, And the waters rose very much above the earth
so that all the high hills were covered which were under all the heavens.
(a) UÖrb
: ÛGf : Remember, Hebrew lexicons are arranged alphabetically.
How early in the Hebrew alphabet is g? Find the first entry that begins with
g. It is found on page 52 . Look at the second root letter in the word.
Where would you find bg in relationship to )g? The first entry listed by
Holladay that begins with bg is on page 53 . Where in the Hebrew
alphabet does r occur? Find the entry for rabG f on page 54 . In how many
different stems or conjugations is this Hebrew word found in the Old
Testament? 4 . Peruse the forms presented in the first few lines of each
paragraph representing the different conjugations. Notice that the forms are
listed with the perfects (“pf.”) first, then the imperfects (“impf.”). Can you
find the exact same form that is used in Genesis 7:19? Are any of the
Scripture references closely related to this passage?
1
Genesis 7:19
(b) UèSukºyáw: What can be said about this form? What does the wá
indicate? The answer to that question reveals whether yº is a prefix or part of
the root. Which conjugation utilizes a shewa under the imperfect prefixes?
What are its characteristics? Do those characteristics include a kibbuts or a
doubling dagesh? If so, what would that tell someone about the root of
UèSukºyáw? Remove the conjunction. Remove the prefix. Remove the suffix.
What is left? Look it up in the Lexicon. How many entries are given that
begin with these two root letters? 31 . How many are verbs? 6 . Do any
of those verbs have the conjugation indicated by the characteristics
displayed by UèSukºyáw? Is this specific form listed in the forms at the beginning
of the paragraph about that conjugation? Is the Scripture reference also
listed? The root, therefore, is hsk .
(c) {yêh
i obG: ah: When prefixes and suffixes are removed from this word,
what potential root letters remain? Review (a), above. Would this root be
found fairly close to rabG f in the Lexicon? Is there any characteristic vowel in
{yêh
i obG: ah that should be evident in the Lexicon entry?
hfmUê):m y×ityØi&f(-)ol ühoP-{agºw {yÕir:bi(fh jerÙe)"m yiT:bêaNuG bØoNug-y×iK (5

1
;rw×oBaB yÙito) UÛmf&-y×iK
bØoNgu = Pual inf abs < bng steal
yiT:bêaNuG = Pual perf 1cs < bng steal
y×ityØi&f( = Qal perf 1cs < hc[ make
UÛmf& = Qal perf 3cp < !yc put
Because I was indeed stolen from the land of the Hebrews
and even here I have not done anything that they should put me in the dungeon.
Or, For I was certainly kidnapped from the land of the Hebrews
and here also I did nothing that they should put me in the pit.
(a) {yÕir:bi(fh: When prefixes and suffixes are removed from this word,
what potential root letters remain? Note carefully any peculiar vowels in this
form. How many entries in the Lexicon begin with these same three root
letters? 10 . Which entry fits this form? Is this same exact form listed?
(b) hoP: Since there are no discernible suffixes or prefixes, could this
be the totality of the word? Look it up in the Lexicon. It is found on page
289 , column 2 . How many times does the entry say that this word is
employed in the Hebrew Old Testament? 54x .
(c) hfmUê):m: Are there any potential prefixes or suffixes in this form?
Holladay’s Lexicon does not list all words by means of the three-letter root.
Forms other than verbs are often listed just as they are found. For example,
!/qm; is listed as such (p. 212). It is not listed under !Wq (pp. 315-16).
hfmUê):m is to be found on page 180 , meaning “ anything .”
1
Genesis 40:15
B. Review
1. Which letters of the alphabet sometimes lose their consonantal character and
become silent?
[ y w h a
2. Which letters are gutturals? r [ j h a
3. What are the two types of gutturals called and which gutturals belong in each
group?
strong: j h
weak: [ a
4. Which letters are labials? p m b
Why are they called labials? They are pronounced with the lips.
5. What is the function of the weak dagesh (lene)? to harden a letter
C. Circle the letter or vowel which does not belong and explain why.
1. ^ $ q l Reason: The only begadkephath letter.
^ $ q l Reason: Doesn’t use 2 or more sides of the “box.”
^ $ q l Reason: Only one to use all 4 sides of the “box.”
^ $ q l Reason: Only letter with part above the “box.”
2. m k t n Reason: The only labial.
m k t n Reason: The only one without a final form.
3. E yE / W Reason: Not a full letter vowel.
4. ! x # ^ Reason: The only one not in its final form.
! x # ^ Reason: The only one that is closed, using all 4 sides of the
“box.”
5. W I O yE Reason: The only one that is a short vowel.
W I O yE Reason: The only vowel above the letters.

D. Give the stem (or, conjugation) and form of the following keys:
Stem Form
1. ' ; Qal perf.
2. ie ;h none none
3. / Qal inf abs
4. m' Piel ptcp
5. e o Qal act ptcp
6. W Qal pass ptcp

EXERCISE 22
The Hiphil and Hophal Conjugations
A. Translate the following sentences into English and parse all verbs (utilizing a
parsing sheet). All words not given in the textbook’s Vocabulary or Glossary must
be looked up in Holladay’s Lexicon.
}Õfy:dim }Ø"hoK OÙn:tox OÛr:téy })Öoc-te) hÖe(or hÛfyfh hèe$omU (1

1
rêB
f d
: M
i ah rØx
a a) ü})oCh
a -te) gÜahºnéYáw
hÛyf h
f = Qal perf 3ms < hyh be
hÖe(or = Qal act ptcp ms < h[r graze/shepherd
gÜahnº Yé wá = waw-consecutive Qal imperf 3ms < ghn drive
And Moses was shepherding the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian,
and he drove the flock behind the wilderness.
Or, But Moses was pasturing the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian,
and he led the flock west of the wilderness.
bÕoqA(áy yØ"hol)¢w qÙfx:céy yÛ"holE) {Öfhfr:ba) yÓ"holE) !yêibf) yØ"holE) üyikïnf) rem)èoYáw (2
2
;{y×iholE)fh-le) 3 +yÙiBah"m )ê"ræy yØiK wyêfnfP ühe$om rÜ"T:sáYáw
rem)èoYwá = waw-consecutive Qal imperf 3ms < rma say
rÜT " s: Yá wá = waw-consecutive Hiphil imperf 3ms < rts hide
)êr" yæ = Qal perf 3ms < ary be afraid
+yÙB i ahm " = preposition + Hiphil inf constr < fbn gaze/look
And he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God
of Jacob.” So Moses hid his face because he was afraid of looking at God.
Or, So He said, “I am your father’s God, Abraham’s God, Isaac’s God, and Jacob’s God.”
Then Moses hid his face for he feared gazing upon God.
4
hfmUê):m Un:dØaqfp-)×olºw üUn:móal:kfh )Üolºw dÕo):m UnÙfl {yÛi bo+ {yê$
i næ A)Øh
f wº (3
üUn:móalk: h
f = Hophal perf 1cp < !lk be ashamed
Un:dØaqpf = Qal perf 1cp < dqp visit
And the men were very good to us and we are not ashamed and we are missing nothing.
Or, But the men were very good to us and we have suffered no harm nor are we missing
anything.
1
Exodus 3:1
2
Exodus 3:6
3
The root for this form is fbn.
4
1 Samuel 25:15
1
vyÕilAxáy dOØ(ºw t"rfKéyø-{×i) hÛfw:qñiT jè"(fl $Û"y yÜiK (4
t"rKf yé = Niphal imperf 3ms < trk cut
vyÕilAxáy = Hiphil imperf 3ms < #lj change
Because there is hope for the tree if it is cut down, that it will sprout again.
Or, For there is hope for a tree if it is cut down, since it will sprout again.
2
;O×(zº Gi 3 tUÛmæy rèfpf(ebU÷ OÕ$:rf$ jerØf)fB }yØiqºzáy-{i) (5
}yØqi zº yá = Hiphil imperf 3ms < @qz be old
tUÛmyæ = Qal imperf 3ms < twm die
If its root becomes old in the earth and its stump dies in the dust.
Or, Though its root grows old in the ground and its stock dies in the dust.
4
;(a+×fn-Om:K ryØicfq hÙf&f(ºw axÕir:páy {éyØam axyØ"r"m (6
axÕri p: yá = Hiphil imperf 3ms < jrp sprout
hÙf&f(ºw = waw-correlative Qal perf 3ms < hc[ make
At the smell of water it will sprout and it will produce a bough like a plant.
Or, By the scent of water it will sprout and it will produce boughs like a plant.
B. Circle the letter which does not belong and explain why.
1. k b l d Reason: It is not a begadkephath letter like the others.

or, It is the only one written above the line.
k b l d Reason: It is not an inseparable preposition like the others.
2. b p m d Reason: It is not a labial like the others.

b p m d Reason: It is not a begadkephath letter like the others.
3. h [ a Reason: It is not a weak guttural like the others.
4. a y w j Reason: It is the only one not used as a vowel letter.

or, It is the only one that cannot be silent.
5. j w h [ Reason: It is not a guttural like the others.

j w h [ Reason: It is the only one that cannot be silent.
C. Indicate whether the statement is True or False. If the answer is False, give the
correct answer.
1. Both open and closed syllables may end in a vowel. T or F
1
Job 14:7
2
Job 14:8
3
The root of this verb is twm.
4
Job 14:9
2. If a syllable is closed and unaccented, then the vowel must be is normally

short. T or F
3. Hebrew words are usually accented on the second to the last syllable. T or F
4. The silluq occurs only under the tone syllable of the last word of the verse or
the last word of a phrase. T or F
5. A short vowel can occur in an open accented syllable. T or F

EXERCISE 23
The Hithpael Conjugation
A. Translate the following sentences into English. All words not given in the
textbook’s Vocabulary or Glossary must be looked up in Holladay’s Lexicon.
1
{yèiholE)Òfh-te) |OðnAx |í"Lah:téYáw (1
And Enoch walked with God. Or, So Enoch walked with God.
2
;O×Bil-le) bÙ"C(
a :téYáw jerÕf)fB {Ùfdf)Òfh-te) hÛf&f(-y×iK hêfwhºy {exØfNéYáw (2
And Yahweh was grieved that He had made the man on the earth
and he was pained in His heart.
Or, Thus the LORD repented that He had made mankind on the earth
and He was grieved at heart.
|elÓemyib)
A -te) {yðh
i ol)
E )ífPr: éYáw {yÕiholE)fh-le) {Ùfhfr:ba) lÛ"LaP:téYáw (3
3
wyÙftoh:ma)ºw OÖT:$i)-te)ºw
And Abraham prayed to God and God healed Abimelech and his wife and his maidservants.
Or, So Abraham prayed unto God so that God healed Abimelech and his wife and his female
slaves.
;d×fxe) hÛfwhºy UnyÙ"holE) hÛfwhºy lÕ")fr:&éy (Ùam:$ (4

4
;!×edo)m
: -lfk:bU Ù!:$p: ná -lfkb
: U Û!b : fbl: -lfkB
: !yÕeholE) hØwf hºy tÙ") T
êf :bahØf)wº
Hear, O Israel, Yahweh our God, Yahweh is one. And you shall love Yahweh your God with all
your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.
Or, Listen, Israel, the LORD is our God, the LORD is one/unique. Love the LORD your God
with all your heart, being, and might.
B. Attach the definite article with the correct pointing to the following words:
1. @b,a,Ëh; 6. lm;G:h'
2. !/Yh' 7. rh;N:h'
3. r/kB]h' 8. bk;/Kh'
4. rp;[;h, 9. qjoh'
5. [r"Z<Ëh' 10. qz:j;h,
1
Genesis 5:22
2
Genesis 6:6
3
Genesis 20:17
4
Deuteronomy 6:4-5
C. Attach the interrogative h} with the correct pointing to the following words:
NOTE: The first interrogative h in the OT occurs in Gen 3:11. The interrogative-h occurs 521
times in the OT. Job has the most words beginning with interrogative-h (40).
1. taozh} 6. aløh}
2. af;j;h, 7. dl'y:h}
3. q['x;h} 8. aWhh'
4. ynIa}h' 9. !T,r“m'v]h'
5. #d"r:h} 10. hn:[;h,
cf. Ezek 8:12,
15, 17; 1 Kgs
21:19
D. Attach the interrogative pronoun hm with the correct pointing to the following
words:
1. la'V;Ahm' 6. hn:[;Ahm,
2. rk'M;Ahm' 7. !l'j;Ahm,
3. hL,aeËAhm; 8. [g"N:Ahm'
4. hZ<Ahm' 9. hc;[;Ahm,
5. $j'r:Ahm, 10. aWhAhm'
E. Parse the following forms:
1. T; ] 'Ë ; Qal perf 2ms
2. ; ]nI Niphal ptcp ms
3. !y iy i ]M'h' article + Hiphil ptcp mp
4. W i] 'T] Piel imperf 2mp
5. e ;ihil] preposition + Niphal inf constr
6. W i] uy“ Pual imperf 3mp
7. hn: ] eËi ' Piel imperat fp
8. ' ]a; Hophal imperf 1cs

EXERCISE 24
Verbal Suffixes for the Perfect/Qatal
A. Translate the following sentences into English. All words not given in the
textbook’s Vocabulary or Glossary must be looked up in Holladay’s Lexicon.
dÛ"Mal:m yÖikïn×f) rÓe$A) {yêi+fP:$iMah-le)ºw ü{yiQux×ah-le) (Üam:$ lè")rf :&yé hØT f a(ºw (1
hÖfwhºy rÓe$A) jerêf)fh-te) {ØeT:$iry×iw … Uèy:x×iT }a(Øm
1
a :l tOÕ&A(al {Ùek:te)
2
3
;{×ekfl }Û"tïn {Ùeky"tobA) yÛ"holE)
And now, Israel, listen to the decrees and to the ordinances which I am teaching you to do,
in order that you might live … and you will possess the land which Yahweh the God of your
fathers is given to you.
Or, But now, O Israel, hear the statutes and the judgments which I am teaching you to perform,
so that you will live … and you shall take possession of the land which the LORD God of your
ancestors is giving to you.
4
;{y×ÕidfbA( tyØ"Bim {éyÙar:cim jerÛe)"m 5 !yÖt
i )"cOh rÓe$A) !yêeholE) hØfwhºy üyikïn×f) (2
I am Yahweh your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of slaves.
Or, I am the LORD your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of
bondage.
6
;!y×erf(:$ibU !Ùety"B tÛozUz:m-la( {ÖfT:bat:kU (3
And you shall write on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.
Or, So you shall write (it) upon the doorposts of your house and on your gates.
7
;O×ty"Bim HÙfx:Li$ºw Hêfdæy:B }Øatænºw ütutyir:K repÜ"s Hðfl batífkºw (4
And he wrote a scroll of divorce for her and gave it into her hand and sent her from his house.
Or, Thus he shall write a divorce document for her and shall place it in her hand and shall send
her from his house.
1
This verb is an imperfect from hyj. In this case the third letter of the root (h) has disappeared completely.
2
This verb is a Qal infinitive construct from hc[. The t/ ending is typical for the infinitive constructs of
verb roots ending in h. It is not a feminine plural noun ending.
3
Deuteronomy 4:1
4
Deuteronomy 5:6
5
This verb is from the root axy (the first letter of the root was originally a w which occurs here as /).
6
Deuteronomy 6:9
7
Deuteronomy 24:1
{Õehy"l:bah:B yénUÙsA(iK lê")-)ol:b yénUØ)ºniq {"h (5

1
;{×"syi(:ka) lÙfbæn yOÛg:B {êf(-)ol:B {Ø")yén:qa) üyénA)áw
They themselves make me jealous with what is not God; they irritate me with their idols.
So I Myself will make them jealous with what is not a people,
with a foolish nation I will irritate them.
Or, As for them, they annoy me with “no-God”; they make me angry with their empty idols.
But as for Me, I will annoy them with “no-people”;
I will make them angry with a godless nation.
B. Attach the article with the preposition l to the following words:
1. ry[il; 6. sWSl'
2. r/bG“l' 7. varol;
3. !d:a;l:â 8. hl;y“L'Ël'
4. lm;G:l' 9. r/al;
5. d/bK;l; 10. rq,BoËl'
C. Attach the preposition @mi inseparably to the following words:
1. rp;[;me 6. r/Bmi
2. !d:a;h:âme 7. qjome
3. vj;N:mi 8. qz:j;me
4. #seaome 9. taZoh'me
5. rh;N:mi 10. lk;yheme
D. Attach the conjunction w with the appropriate pointing to the following words:
1. rc;b;W 6. dl,y<Ëw“
2. r/aw“ 7. @b,a,Ëw“
3. laeWmv]W 8. !yhiløawE
4. rb;d:w“ 9. !ynIp;W
5. ax;m;W 10. ha;r:w“
1
Deuteronomy 32:21
EXERCISE 25
Verbal Suffixes for the Imperfect/Yiqtol
Translate the following sentences into English. All words not given in the textbook’s
Vocabulary or Glossary must be looked up in Holladay’s Lexicon.
1
;O×B-håy:h×iy )Ûol tÙfBa$ yÖi(yib<
: ah {OÓYabU UhÕ+
u :ql: T
i {yÙm
i æy te$Û"$ (1
Six days you will collect it and on the seventh day, sabbath, it will not come on it.
Or, Six days you shall collect it, but on the seventh day, the sabbath, none will occur/come.
wyêfl") ØfT:ramf)ºw t)ÕoZ-ham rØom)"l rÙfxfm Ö!ºnib Û!:lf):$éy-y×iK hîfyfhºw (2

2
;{y×idfbA( tyÛ"Bim {éyÙar:ciMim hÖfwhºy UnÓf)yicOh dèfy qåzØox:B
And it shall be when your son asks you tomorrow saying, “What is this?”, that you will say to
him, “With a firm hand Yahweh brought us out from Egypt, from a house of slaves.”
Or, It shall be that when your son will ask you, “What is this?”, you will tell him, “By a strong
hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt, out of a house of bondage.”
rêom)"l ü!yóel") yénÜaxfl:$ ü{yir:bi(fh yÜ"holE) hîfwhºy wyèfl" ) ØT

f :ram)
f wº (3
3
;h×oK-da( fT:(Ùamf$-)ol hÛ"Nihºw rÕfB:diMaB yénÙud:ba(×ya ºw yêiMa(-te) üxaLa$
And you shall say unto him, “Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me unto you saying,
‘Send out My people so they might serve Me in the wilderness.’ But, behold, up till now you
have not listened.”
Or, So you will say to him, “The LORD God of the Hebrews sent me to you to say, ‘Let My
people go so they might worship Me in the wilderness.’ However, you have not obeyed till
now.”
ü{eky"t×obA) yÜ"holE) hîfwhºy ü{eh"lA) ÜfT:ramf)ºw lè")fr:&éy yØ"n:qéz-te) îfT:pas×f)ºw 4 |Ø"l (4

{êek:te) üyiT:dóaqfP dÜoqfP rÕom)"l bÙoq(A yá wº qÛx
f c: yé {Öhf rf :ba) yÓ"holE) yêal") hØf):rén
5
;{éy×fr:cim:B {Ùekfl 6 yUÛ&( f eh-te)wº
Go and gather the elders of Israel and say unto them, “Yahweh, the God of your fathers has
appeared unto me—the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying, ‘I truly am concerned about
you and about what is being done to you in Egypt.’”
Or, Assemble immediately the elders of Israel and say to them, “The LORD God of your
ancestors appeared to me—the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: ‘Indeed I care about you and
what is being done to you in Egypt.’”
1
Exodus 16:26
2
Exodus 13:14
3
Exodus 7:16
4
Qal imperative ms, ^lh.
5
Exodus 3:16
6
Make careful observations concerning this word. All of the identification factors have been presented
previously in the textbook.

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THE

The Master’s Seminary

Introduction to the Hebrew Language

A. Explain the importance of studying biblical Hebrew.

B. What is the origin of the term Semitic?

C. Briefly describe the five main branches of Semitic languages.

2. Akkadian: Assyrian-Babylonian language of Mesopotamia; superceded by Aramaic in

1. t n m k Difference: no final form or

t n m k Difference: uses only one side of the box or

2. ^ l $ q Difference: above the box

3. x # ^ ! Difference: not written in its final form

A. Which vowels are known as full-letter vowels?

Why are they called full-letter vowels?

Reason: The only vowel which is not a full-letter vowel.

Reason: The only short vowel.

Alphabet - Special Letters, Dagesh, and Raphe

A. Which letters are gutturals? (alphabetical order, right to left) [6 points]

B. What are the three characteristics governing the gutturals? [3 points]

1. They refuse/reject the doubling dagesh (dagesh forte).

2. They prefer a-class vowels around them.

3. They prefer compound/composite shewa.

Identify the strong gutturals: j h . [1 point]

Identify the weak gutturals: [ a . [1 point]

D. Which letters are labials? p m b . [4 points]

1. When that letter does not begin a syllable.

2. When that letter begins a syllable but is preceded immediately by a vowel.

H. What letters accept the strong dagesh? [1 point]

I. Why is the strong dagesh most commonly employed? [2 points]

1. It may serve as compensation for a letter that has been elided.

2. It is characteristic of certain intensive verb forms.

J. Describe the functions of the raphe. [1 point]

1. [ j p h a Reason: It is the only non-guttural.

2. y w j h a Reason: It cannot become a silent letter.

3. p m d b Reason: It is the only non-labial.

4. j h a Reason: It is the only weak guttural

5. r [ j h a Reason: It is the only one that is sometimes a guttural.

6. y w h a Reason: It is the only one always silent. or

7. k l d b Reason: It is the only non-begadkephath letter.

8. t p n k Reason: It is the only non-begadkephath letter. or

L. On the reverse of this page, complete 7A on page 33 of the textbook.

.tazîo hc,[oh; vyaih; tw<m;ËA@b, yKi¢ hw:Øhy]Ayj'

tyIB'Ë house [d"y: he knew b/f good

@Be son l/dG: big, great dy: hand, arm

y/G nation yj' life !/y day

Alphabet - Half Vowels

1. The shewa is not a regular vowel. T F

3. A shewa which follows a full-letter vowel is usually silent vocal. T F

7. The ^ always takes a vocal silent shewa when it stands vowelles. T F

B. Circle all silent shewas in the following words: [7 points]

t/yb;n“ W[GIp]hi &mev] WhdEM]l'y“ !k,T]v]B; T]r“m'a; qr"q ]r"y“

C. Circle all vocal shewas in the following words: [8 points]

t/yb;n“ &mev] WhdEM]l'y“ !k,T]v]B; T]r“m'a; qr"q]r"y“ Whlep]ylia>

D. Divide the following words into syllables: [19 points]

Examples: rpe/soo hm;/k]j: !yI/m'Ë/v; hm;/d:a}/h; !d:/a: rmo/v]li

Wr/m;Ë/v;o !ybi/k;//K !yI/l'/b]DI T]r“m'/a; (2)

Wn/mef]/c]yI !yhi/løa> @Wx/B;/r“yI !yI/m'Ë/v; (3)

1. Words employing the shewa and furtive pathach:

!yrIm]/v &WrB] ['/mv] j'Wr ['/ml] rmov]li rmol]