Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System

Welcome
Introduction
The Skeletal System
Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Introduction to Anatomy:
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 The Skeletal System
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Upper Limb Bones
Hip (Coxal) Bones
Lower Limb Bones
Quiz 1
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys
Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Introduction When you first start studying Anatomy, it can feel a lot like trying to learn a new language! There
are a lot of new concepts and words to learn, which can feel overwhelming.
The Skeletal System
Shapes of Bones This tutorial will introduce you to the skeletal system. It provides information about the
Skull Bones functions of the skeletal system, the shapes of bones, and introduces the major bones of the
skeleton. The goal is to provide a basic foundation you can build upon as you learn and become
Vertebrae (Spine) 1 more confident with Anatomy.
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Each labelled slide is followed by an unlabelled one, allowing you to practice.
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Upper Limb Bones There are two quizzes at the end of this module to help test your knowledge.
Hip (Coxal) Bones
Good luck!
Lower Limb Bones
Quiz 1 Navigation
Quiz 2 There are two ways to move through this module:
1) Scroll through the PDF
Quiz Answer Keys 2) Click on the title headings on the left side of the screen (Note: this will take you to the
Index: Bones by Shape first/labelled page in each section; scroll down to find the unlabelled page)
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
The Skeletal System has many important functions:
• Providing support for the body
The Skeletal
Skeletal System
System • Storing minerals (calcium, phosphate)
Shapes of Bones • Producing red blood cells
• Protecting the organs and tissues
Skull Bones • Allowing movement (the bones act as levers)
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 The skeleton can be subcategorized into two divisions:
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
The Axial Skeleton (left, in blue)
Upper Limb Bones Includes: Bones of the skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs,
Hip (Coxal) Bones
and sacrum

Lower Limb Bones The Appendicular Skeleton (right, in pink)

Quiz 1 Includes: Bones of the upper and lower limbs,
scapula, clavicles, and hip bones,
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys
Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Bones can be classified according to
Introduction
their shape:
The Skeletal System Irregular Bones
Shapes of Bones
Bones Bones that have complex,
Long Bones irregular shapes
Skull Bones
Bones that are longer than they Example: Spinal vertebrae
Vertebrae (Spine) 1 are wide Flat Bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Examples: Humerus
Bones that are flat and light
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Example: Rib bones
Short Bones
Upper Limb Bones
Bones that are as wide as they
Hip (Coxal) Bones
are long
Lower Limb Bones Example: Carpal bones in the
hands Sesamoid Bones
Quiz 1
Bones that are flat, small, and
Quiz 2
round
Quiz Answer Keys Example: Patella (kneecap)
Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Bones of the Skull
Introduction
The Skeletal System
Parietal bone
Shapes of Bones
Frontal bone
Skull Bones
Bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Nasal bone Sphenoid bone
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Zygomatic bone Occipital bone
Upper Limb Bones Temporal bone
Hip (Coxal) Bones Maxilla
Lower Limb Bones
Quiz 1
Quiz 2 Mandible

Quiz Answer Keys

Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Bones of the Skull
Introduction
The Skeletal System
Parietal bone
Shapes of Bones
Frontal bone
Skull Bones
Bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Nasal bone Sphenoid bone
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Zygomatic bone Occipital bone
Upper Limb Bones Temporal bone
Hip (Coxal) Bones Maxilla
Lower Limb Bones
Quiz 1
Quiz 2 Mandible

Quiz Answer Keys

Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Spinal Vertebrae
Introduction
The Skeletal System The Spinal Vertebrae are categorized into 5 types/regions:
Shapes of Bones
Memorization Hint: Cervical: 7 Bones
Skull Bones To remember the
number of bones in
Vertebrae (Spine)
(Spine) 11 the CERVICAL,
THORACIC, and Thoracic: 12 bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
LUMBAR spine, use
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 the following memory
aid: Lumbar: 5 Bones
Upper Limb Bones
Hip (Coxal) Bones Cereal (CERVICAL) for
breakfast at 7:00 am Sacrum: 5 fused bones
Lower Limb Bones
Quiz 1 Tasty lunch
(THORACIC) at 12:00
Quiz 2 pm Coccyx (Tail bone): 3-5 fused bones
Quiz Answer Keys
Light dinner (LUMBAR)
Index: Bones by Shape at 5:00 pm

Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Spinal Vertebrae
Introduction
The Skeletal System The Spinal Vertebrae are categorized into 5 types/regions:
Shapes of Bones
Cervical: 7 Bones
Skull Bones
Vertebrae (Spine)
(Spine) 11
Thoracic: 12 bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Lumbar: 5 Bones
Upper Limb Bones
Hip (Coxal) Bones
Lower Limb Bones Sacrum: 5 fused bones

Quiz 1
Quiz 2 Coccyx (Tail bone): 3-5 fused bones
Quiz Answer Keys
Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Cervical Vertebrae
Introduction
There are three types of cervical bones:
The Skeletal System
Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine)
(Spine) 22
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Upper Limb Bones
Hip (Coxal) Bones C1/Atlas C2/Axis C3-C7
Lower Limb Bones Articulates with the Skull Articulates with C1 (Atlas)
Allows nodding (“Yes”) Allows rotation of head (“No”)
Quiz 1
Quiz 2
Memorization Hint:
Quiz Answer Keys In Greek mythology, Atlas was a Titan who led a (failed) rebellion against Zeus.
As punishment, Atlas was condemned to carry the weight of the world on his shoulders for eternity.
Index: Bones by Shape Imagine C1/Atlas as holding up the weight of the head, which is spherical and heavy like a globe.
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral Vertebrae
Introduction
The Skeletal System
Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Vertebrae (Spine)
(Spine) 33
Upper Limb Bones
Hip (Coxal) Bones Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum
12 bones 5 bones 5 fused bones
Lower Limb Bones Long spinous processes Thick vertebral bodies Articulates with Coxal bones
Quiz 1 Articulate with the ribs
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys Did You Know?
The bones of the SACRUM start to fuse at puberty, and are fully fused by 25-30 years of age.
Index: Bones by Shape The bones of the COCCYX (not pictured) begin to fuse at around age 26, and are not fully fused until late life.
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Bones of the Upper Limb Clavicle
Introduction
Scapula
The Skeletal System Memorization Hint: (Sternum*)
Shapes of Bones The RADIUS is rad!
The RADIUS is the forearm bone
Skull Bones closest to your thumb. Give
Humerus
Vertebrae (Spine) 1 a thumbs up to get oriented!

Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Did you know?
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 When you hit your funny bone, it
feels strange and HUMERUS.
Upper Limb Bones
Bones Ulna
The tingling sensation you feel is
Hip (Coxal) Bones produced when the Ulnar Nerve
is compressed against Radius
Lower Limb Bones the HUMERUS bone.
Quiz 1
Quiz 2 Carpals
Metacarpals
Quiz Answer Keys
Index: Bones by Shape Phalanges (fingers)
* The Sternum is not a bone of the upper limb.
It is included here for reference.
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Bones of the Upper Limb Clavicle
Introduction
Scapula
The Skeletal System
Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones
Humerus
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Upper Limb Bones
Bones Ulna
Hip (Coxal) Bones
Radius
Lower Limb Bones
Quiz 1
Quiz 2 Carpals
Metacarpals
Quiz Answer Keys
Index: Bones by Shape Phalanges
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Coxal bones (also called Hip bones, Pelvic bones)

The Skeletal System The Coxal bones are comprised of three bones:
Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones Iliac bone
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Coxal Bone
Upper Limb Bones
Pubic bone
Hip (Coxal)
(Coxal) Bones
Bones
Lower Limb Bones
Ischium bone
Quiz 1
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys Did You Know?
The Coxal bones are fully
Index: Bones by Shape fused by age 25.
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Coxal bones (also called Hip bones, Pelvic bones)

The Skeletal System The Coxal bones are comprised of three bones:
Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones Iliac bone
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Coxal Bone
Upper Limb Bones
Pubic bone
Hip (Coxal)
(Coxal) Bones
Bones
Lower Limb Bones
Ischium bone
Quiz 1
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys Did You Know?
The Coxal bones are fully
Index: Bones by Shape fused by age 25.
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Coxal bones (also called Hip bones, Pelvic bones)

The Skeletal System

Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones Iliac bone
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2

Coxal Bone
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Upper Limb Bones
Pubic bone
Hip (Coxal)
(Coxal) Bones
Bones
Lower Limb Bones
Ischium bone
Quiz 1
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys
Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Bones of the Lower Limb

The Skeletal System

Memorization Hint:
Shapes of Bones The PATELLA is a Sesamoid bone.
Femur
Skull Bones Think of it as shaped like a giant
upside-down sesame seed.
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Did you know?
The FEMUR is the longest bone Patella (Kneecap)
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
in the body. Its length is roughly
Upper Limb Bones 1/4th that of a person’s total
height! Tibia
Hip (Coxal) Bones
Fibula
Lower Limb Bones
Bones
Quiz 1
Quiz 2 Tarsals
Quiz Answer Keys Metatarsals
Index: Bones by Shape Phalanges (Toes)
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Bones of the Lower Limb

The Skeletal System

Shapes of Bones
Femur
Skull Bones
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Patella (Kneecap)
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Upper Limb Bones
Tibia
Hip (Coxal) Bones
Fibula
Lower Limb Bones
Bones
Quiz 1
Quiz 2 Tarsals
Quiz Answer Keys Metatarsals
Index: Bones by Shape Phalanges (Toes)
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction Quiz 1
Choose the correct Anatomical region:
The Skeletal System (Write your answers on paper and check with the Quiz Answer Key at the end)

Shapes of Bones
Skull Bones
1) Pubic bone
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
2) Radius
Upper Limb Bones
Hip (Coxal) Bones
Lower Limb Bones
3) Mandible
Quiz 1
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys
4) C1/Atlas (Cervical Vertebrae)
Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction Quiz 2
Match:
The Skeletal System (Write your answers on paper and check with the Quiz Answer Key at the end)

Shapes of Bones
1) Long bone of the Upper Limb A) Phalanges
Skull Bones
2) Sesamoid bone B) Flat bone(s)
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
3) Anatomical name for bones of Fingers C) Five
Vertebrae (Spine) 2
4) Anatomical name for Hip Bones D) Femur
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
5) Includes Skull, Vertebra, Sternum, Ribs E) Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Limb Bones
6) Skull bones are this shape F) Humerus
Hip (Coxal) Bones
7) Number of fused bones in Sacrum G) Axis
Lower Limb Bones
8) Long bone of the Lower Limb H) Ischium
Quiz 1 9) Includes Limb bones, Scapula, Hip bones I) Axial Skeleton
Quiz 2 10) Number of Thoracic vertebrae J) Coxal Bones
Quiz Answer Keys 11) Name of C2 Cervical Bone K) Twelve
Index: Bones by Shape 12) Name of one of the Coxal Bones L) Patella (Kneecap)
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Quiz Answer Keys

The Skeletal System Quiz 1 Answers Quiz 2 Answers

1) Long bone of the Upper Limb F) Humerus
Shapes of Bones
1) Pubic Bone 2) Sesamoid bone L) Patella (Kneecap)
Skull Bones
3) Anatomical name for bones of A) Phalanges
Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Fingers

Vertebrae (Spine) 2 4) Anatomical name for Hip Bones J) Coxal Bones

Vertebrae (Spine) 3 2) Radius 5) Includes Skull, Vertebra, Sternum, I) Axial Skeleton

Ribs
Upper Limb Bones 6) Skull bones are this shape B) Flat bones

Hip (Coxal) Bones 7) Number of fused bones in C) Five

Sacrum
Lower Limb Bones 3) Mandible
8) Long bone of the Lower Limb D) Femur
Quiz 1
9) Includes Limb bones, Scapula, Hip E) Appendicular Skeleton
Quiz 2 bones
10) Number of Thoracic vertebrae K) Twelve
Quiz Answer
Answer Keys
Keys 4) C1/Atlas
11) Name of C2 Cervical Bone G) Axis
Index: Bones by Shape
12) Name of one of the Coxal Bones H) Ischium
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction
Bones found in this module, organized alphabetically by shape:

The Skeletal System Flat Irregular Long Short Sesamoid

Shapes of Bones Rib bones Coxal Bones Femur Carpals Patella
Skull Bones Scapulae Vertebrae Fibula Tarsals
Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Skull bones Humerus
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Sternum Metacarpals
Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Metatarsals

Upper Limb Bones Phalanges

Hip (Coxal) Bones

Tibia

Lower Limb Bones

Quiz 1
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys
Index: Bones
Bones by
by Shape
Shape
Acknowledgements
 Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System
Welcome
Introduction Acknowledgements
Created for UBC MDUP FLEX 429, Spring 2020
The Skeletal System Student: Kimberlee Hart (Island Medical Program, Class of 2022)
Shapes of Bones Supervisor: Kurt McBurney, Associate Teaching Professor, Island Medical Program

Skull Bones Inspired by EPHE 141 Human Anatomy Lab and the EPHE 141 Lab Manual (University of Victoria)
Vertebrae (Spine) 1
References
Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Cohen, B. J., & DePetris, A. (2014). Medical Terminology. Medical Terminology: An Illustrated Guide.
Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Vertebrae (Spine) 3
Upper Limb Bones Jones, B. D. (2016). Comprehensive Medical Terminology, Fifth Edition. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Hip (Coxal) Bones Martini, F. H., Timmons, M. J., & Tallitsch, R. B. (2015). Human Anatomy, Eighth Edition. Toronto, ON:
Lower Limb Bones Pearson Education Inc.

Quiz 1 Moore, K.L., Dalley, A.F., & Agur, A. M. M. (2018). Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Eighth Edition. New York:
Wolters Kluwer.
Quiz 2
Quiz Answer Keys Medical Illustrations
Paige Blumer
Index: Bones by Shape
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements