General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.

com

10th Social Science Lesson 10 Questions in English

10] Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: An Introduction

1. Which of the following statement is correct?

1) The GDP is the market value of all the final goods and services produced in the country
during a time period
2) For this, we have to add all the goods and services produced

a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None

Explanation

The GDP is the market value of all the final goods and services produced in the country during a
time period. The GDP measures all the goods and services produced in the country. For this, we
have to add all the goods and services produced. However, a nation produces a wide range of goods
like rice, shoes, trains, milk, clocks, books and bicycles. If only the quantities are taken into account,
there is no meaningful way to add these up.

2. Which of the following results in Double Counting in GDP?

1) Including final goods

2) Including both final and Intermediate goods

a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None

Explanation

Only the final goods are included in the GDP. Intermediate goods are not counted in calculating the
GDP because their value is included in the final goods. So, if the intermediate goods are included
in the GDP it will result in what is called “double counting”.

3. Suppose your drinking a cup of tea which of the following are included in GDP?

1) Tea Powder
2) Milk
3) Sugar
4) Utensils
Learning Leads To Ruling Page 1 of 18
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

You may argue that since the utensils are bought not as final goods but to produce tea, they are
intermediate goods and so they should not be included in the GDP. However, the utensils, unlike
sugar, do not form a part of the final goods, the cup of tea. For this reason, they should be included
in the GDP.

4. Which of the following are the other names of National Income?

1) GDP
2) GNP
3) National Dividend
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

‘National Income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced by an economy
over a period of time, normally a year’. Commonly National Income is called as Gross National
Product (GNP) or National Dividend.

5. What is the formula for GNP?

a) GNP = C + I + G + (X–M)
b) GNP = C + I + G + NFIA
c) GNP = C + I + G + (X–M) + NFIA
d) GNP = C + I + G

Explanation

Gross National Product is the total value of (goods and services) produced and income received in
a year by domestic residents of a country. It includes profits earned from capital invested abroad.

GNP = C + I + G + (X–M) + NFIA)

6. What does “I” stands for in GNP formula?

GNP = C + I + G + (X–M) + NFIA

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 2 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

a) Investment
b) Income
c) Import
d) None of the above

Explanation

GNP = C + I + G + (X–M) + NFIA)

C = Consumption I = Investment G = Government Expenditure X-M = Export – Import NFIA = Net

Factor Income from Abroad).

7. NNP is obtained by_____

a) GNP – Depreciation
b) GDP – Depreciation
c) NDP – Depreciation
d) None

Explanation

Net National Product (NNP) is arrived by making some adjustment with regard to depreciation that
is we arrive the Net National Product (NNP) by deducting the value of depreciation from Gross
National Product. (NNP = GNP − Depreciation)

8. Which of the following is part of GDP?

a) NNP
b) NDP
c) GNP
d) All the above

Explanation

Net Domestic Product (NDP) is a part of Gross Domestic Product, Net Domestic Product is obtained
from the Gross Domestic Product by deducting the Quantum of tear and wear expenses
(depreciation)

NDP = GDP – Depreciation

9. Which among the following is Per Capita Income?

a) National Income / Population

b) Population/ National Income
c) NNP/Population
Learning Leads To Ruling Page 3 of 18
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

d) NDP/Population

Explanation

Per capita Income or output per person is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a
country. It is obtained by dividing the National Income by the population of a country.

Per capita Income = National Income / Population

10. The book “Poverty and Un-British Rule of India” was written by____

a) Dadabhai Navroji
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Motilal Nehru
d) Ambedkar

Explanation

In 1867-68 for the first time Dadabhai Navroji had ascertained the Per Capital Income in his book
“Poverty and Un-British Rule of India”.

11. Which of the following is Disposable Income?

a) PI − Indirect Taxes
b) PI − Direct Taxes
c) NI corporate Income Taxes − Undistributed corporate profits − social security contribution
+ Transfer payment
d) NI corporate Income Taxes − Undistributed corporate profits − social security contribution

Explanation

Disposable income means actual income which can be spent on consumption by individuals and
families, thus, it can be expressed as

DPI = PI − Direct Taxes (From consumption approach DI = Consumption Expenditures + Savings)

12. Which of the following is included in Indian GDP?

a) An apple produced in Kashmir

b) An apple produced in California
c) A mobile produced in China and sold in India
d) A mobile produced in China

Explanation

GDP of India includes only the market value of goods and services produced in India. For example
the market value of apples produced in Kashmir are included in our GDP since Kashmir is in India.

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 4 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

The market value of apples produced in California, even if they are sold in Indian markets, are not
included in our GDP because California is in the U.S.

13. Which of the following statement about GDP during a time period is incorrect?

1) The GDP of a country measures the market value of goods and services produced only
during the specified time period
2) The goods and services produced in earlier periods are also taken into account
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None

Explanation

The GDP of a country measures the market value of goods and services produced only during the
specified time period. The goods and services produced in earlier periods are not included. If a year
is the specified time period, the GDP of 2018 will include the market value of goods and services
produced only during 2018. So, a bicycle produced in 2017 will not be included in the GDP measure
for 2018.

14. The GDP of country is measured_____

1) Annually
2) Quarterly
3) Half yearly
a) 1 alone
b) 1, 2
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 3

Explanation

In India the GDP is measured both annually and quarterly. The annual GDP is for a financial year
which is from April1 of say 2017 to March 31, 2018. This is written as 2017-18.

15. Match the following

I. First quarter 1. October, November, December

II. Second quarter 2. January, February, March
III. Third quarter 3. July, August, September
IV. Fourth quarter 4. April, May and June
a) 2, 3, 4, 1
b) 3, 2, 4, 1
c) 4, 3, 1, 2

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 5 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

d) 4, 1, 3, 2

Explanation

The quarterly GDP estimates are for each of the four quarters into which India’s financial year is
divided:

First quarter, denoted Q1: April, May and June

Second quarter or Q2: July, August, September

Third Quarter or Q3: October, November, December

Fourth Quarter, or Q4: January, February, March.

The annual GDP for financial year 2017 - 18 will include only the goods and services produced
during this financial year and will exclude the goods and services produced in the previous years.
Likewise, GDP for Q2 will include only the goods and services produced in Q2 and will not include
the goods and services produced in Q1.

16. Which of the following is the formula to calculate GDP?

a) C + I + G + (X − M)
b) C+I+G
c) C + I + G + (X–M) + NFIA
d) C + I + G + NFIA

Explanation

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) represents the economic health of a country. It represents a sum of
a country’s production which consists of all purchases of goods and services used by individuals,
firms, foreigners and the governing bodies. The monetary value of all the finished goods and
services produced within a country’s border in a specific time period. GDP = C + I + G + (X − M)

17. What does the M stands in the formula for calculating GDP?

a) Export
b) Import
c) Investment
d) Consumption

Explanation

GDP = C + I + G + (X − M)

C = Consumption I = Investment G = Government Expenditure (X − M) = X = Exports − M = Imports

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 6 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

18. The modern concept of GDP was first developed by____

a) Simon Kuznets
b) George Yule
c) Theodre Roosvelt
d) Martin

Explanation

The modern concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was first developed by Simon Kuznets for a
US Congress report in 1934.

19. Which of the following are included in calculating GDP by income approach?

1) Wages
2) Rent
3) Interest
4) Profit
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

The Income Approach method looks at GDP from the perspective of the earnings of the men and
women who are involved in producing the goods and services. The income approach to measuring
GDP (Y) is Y = wages + rent + interest + profit.

20. Which of the following is/are the method to calculate GDP?

a) Expenditure Approach
b) Income Approach
c) Value-Added Approach
d) All the above

Explanation

There are three methods of calculating GDP are:

1. Expenditure Approach
2. The Income Approach
3. Value-Added Approach

21. Which of the following are importance of GDP?

1) To Study of Economic Growth

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 7 of 18
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

2) To know Unequal distribution of wealth

3) To Comparison with developed countries of the world
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The following are Importance of GDP 1. Study of Economic Growth. 2. Unequal distribution of
wealth. 3. Problems of inflation and deflation. 4. Comparison with developed countries of the world.
5. Estimate the purchasing power. 6. Public Sector. 7. Guide to economic planning.

22. Which of the following is/are not included in GDP of Country?

a) Agriculture
b) IT sector
c) Service provided by Parents to their Children
d) All the above

Explanation

The GDP includes only the goods and services sold in the market. The services provided by parents
to their children is very important but it is not included in the GDP because it is not sold in the
market. Likewise, clean air, which is vital for a healthy life, has no market value and is left out of
the GDP.

23. Which of the following is/are the limitations of GDP?

1) Several important goods and services are left out of the GDP
2) The GDP does not tell us about the kind of life people are living
3) GDP measures only quantity but not quality
a) 1, 2
b) 2, 3
c) 1, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Limitations of GDP The GDP is the most widely used measure of the state of the economy. While
appreciating its usefulness, we should be aware of some of its limitations.

1) Several important goods and services are left out of the GDP
2) GDP measures only quantity but not quality
3) GDP does not tell us about the way income is distributed in the country
4) The GDP does not tell us about the kind of life people are living
Learning Leads To Ruling Page 8 of 18
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

24. Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) comes under which ministry?

a) Ministry of HRD
b) Finance ministry
c) Ministry of Statistical department
d) Jal Sakthi ministry

Explanation

The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), under the Ministry of Statistical department keeps the
records. It processes involves conducting an annual survey of industries and compilation of
various indexes like the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) Consumer Price Index (CPI) etc.

25. Which of the following are included in Primary sector?

1) Fishing
2) Mining
3) Farming
4) Cement
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

Agricultural sector is known as primary sector, in which agricultural operations are undertaken.
Agriculture based allied activities, production of raw materials such as cattle farm, fishing, mining,
forestry, corn, coal etc. are also undertaken.

26. Which of the following are included in secondary sector?

a) Iron and Steel industry

b) Jute
c) Automobile
d) All the above

Explanation

Industrial sector is secondary sectors in which the goods and commodities are produced by
transforming the raw materials. Important industries are Iron and Steel industry, cotton textile,
Jute, Sugar, Cement, Paper, Petrochemical, automobile and other small scale industries.

27. In which century economists suggested for distinguishing Tertiary sector into

“quaternary” and “quinary” service sectors?

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 9 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

a) 19th
b) 20th
c) 18th
d) 21st

Explanation

Tertiary sector is known as service sector it includes Government, scientific research, transport
communication, trade, postal and telegraph, Banking, Education, Entertainment, Healthcare and
Information Technology etc. In the 20th century, economists began to suggest that, traditional
tertiary services could be further distinguished from “quaternary” and “quinary” service sectors.

28. Which of the following sector is the largest sector in India?

a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Service
d) All the above

Explanation

Services sector is the largest sector of India. Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices for Services
sector is estimated at 92.26 lakh crore in 2018-19. Services sector accounts for 54.40% of total India's
GVA of 169.61 lakh crore Indian rupees. With GVA of ` 50.43 lakh crore, Industry sector contributes
29.73%.

29. India is the____ largest producer in agricultural product

a) 3rd
b) 2nd
c) 4th
d) 7th

Explanation

India is 2nd larger producer of agriculture product. India accounts for 7.39 percent of total global
agricultural output. Agriculture and allied sector shares 15.87%.

30. In service sector India stands in_____ position

a) 1st
b) 2nd
c) 5th
d) 8th

Explanation

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 10 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

In Industrial sector, India world rank is 6 and in service sector, India world rank is 8. Services sector
accounts for 54.40% of total India's GVA of 169.61 lakh crore Indian rupees. With GVA of ` 50.43 lakh
crore, Industry sector contributes 29.73%

31. Which of the following sectors economy is higher than World’s average?

a) Agriculture
b) Service
c) Industrial
d) All the above

Explanation

Contribution of Agriculture sector in Indian economy is much higher than world's average (6.4%).
Contribution of Industry and Services sector is lower than world's average 30% for Industry sector
and 63% for Services sector.

32. Which of the following statement about Gross value added (GVA) is correct?

1) Gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an
area, industry or sector of an economy
2) In national accounts GVA is output minus intermediate consumption; it is a balancing item
of the national accounts' production account
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None

Explanation

Gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area,
industry or sector of an economy. In national accounts GVA is output minus intermediate
consumption; it is a balancing item of the national accounts' production account. GVA is linked as
a measurement to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as both are measures of output. The relationship
is defined as GVA + taxes on products - subsidies on products = GDP GVA = GDP + subsidies - (direct,
sales) taxes.

33. What is the GDP of India acquired through service sector during 2017-18?

a) 53.09
b) 29.01
c) 17.01
d) 23.02

Explanation

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 11 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

34. According to whom economic growth is one aspect of economic development?

a) Mahbub ul Haq
b) Amartya Sen
c) Barack Obama
d) Donald Trump

Explanation

As per the economist Amartya Sen, economic growth is one aspect of economic development. Also,
united nation see it like this “Economic development focuses not only on man’s materialistic need
but it focuses on overall development or rise in its living standards.

35. Which of the following apt tool to measure the real development in an economy?

a) GDP
b) GNP
c) NNP
d) HDI

Explanation

Human development Index (HDI) is apt tool to measure the real development in an economy.
Economic development is a qualitative measure which measures improvement in technology,
labour reforms, rising living standards, broader institutional changes in an economy.

36. Which among the following is Quantitative in nature?

a) Economic Growth

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 12 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

b) Economic Development
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

Explanation

Economic Growth is Quantitative in nature. Economic Development is Qualitative in nature.

Economic growth is the “Narrower” concept. Economic development is the “Broader” concept.

37. Economic development results in rise in_____

1) life expectancy rate

2) literacy rate
3) infant mortality rate
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Economic Development results in Rise in life expectancy rate, infant, improvement in literacy rate,
infant mortality rate and poverty rate etc.

38. Which of the following are Characteristics of Economic Growth?

1) Long-term in nature
2) Applicable in Developed nation
3) Increase in national income
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 2, 3
c) 1, 3
d) 1, 2

Explanation

The Tenure of Economic growth is Short term in Nature. It is applicable is Developed Nations. It
results in increase in national income. Its occurrence is only a certain period of time.

39. Which of the following does not results in fair and equal distribution of wealth?

a) Economic growth
b) Economic development
c) Both a and b
d) None

Explanation
Learning Leads To Ruling Page 13 of 18
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

Economic growth does not emphasize on the fair and equal distribution of wealth/income among
all its people. Economic Development focuses on a balanced and equitable distribution of wealth
among all individual and tries to uplift the downgrade societies.

40. Who introduce the concept of Human development Index?

a) Bhutan Monarch government

b) Amartya Sen
c) Dadabai Naroji
d) Mahbub ul Haq

Explanation

In 1990 Mahbub ul Haq, a Pakistani Economist at the United Nations, introduced the Human
Development Index (HDI). The HDI is a composite index of life expectancy at birth, adult literacy
rate and standard of living measured as a logarithmic function of GDP, adjusted to purchasing
power parity.

41. What was the HDI value of India during the year 2017?

a) 0.427
b) 0.640
c) 0.760
d) 0.365

Explanation

India’s HDI value for 2017 is 0.640, which put the country in the medium human development
category. Between 1990 and 2017, India’s HDI value incased from 0.427 to 0.640, an increase of nearly
50 percent – and an indicator of the country’s remarkable achievement in lifting millions of people
out of poverty.

42. What was the position India in human development rankings released by UNDP?

a) 190
b) 189
c) 130
d) 111

Explanation

India climbed one spot to 130 out of 189 countries in the latest human development rankings
released today by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

43. Between 1990 and 2017, India’s life expectancy at birth increased by_____

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 14 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

a) 18 years
b) 11 years
c) 13 years
d) 9 years

Explanation

Between 1990 and 2017, India’s life expectancy at birth too increased by nearly 11 years, with even
more significant gains in expected years of schooling. Today’s Indian school-age children can
expect to stay in school for 4.7 years longer than in 1990. Whereas, India’s GNI per capita increased
by a staggering 266.6 % between 1990 and 2017.

44. when India finally decided to open its borders to free trade and liberalized its economy by

allowing foreign companies to enter the Indian economy?

a) 1991
b) 1950
c) 1999
d) 1990

Explanation

In the development path of India, it first undertook the policy of closed trade. This was to give a
thrust to domestic industries and reduce dependence on foreign products and companies. Trade
and interaction with the outside world remained limited. This outlook continued till 1991 when
India finally decided to open its borders to free trade and liberalized its economy by allowing
foreign companies to enter the Indian economy.

45. Which of the following statement is correct?

1) A thrust was given to employment generation under the Five Year plans.
2) Rural development was also given importance in India, for the important constituent it was
of the Indian landscape.
3) India inherited a poverty-stricken economy from the British rule, which had destroyed its
resource base completely.
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 2
c) 1, 3
d) 2, 3

Explanation

A thrust was given to employment generation under the Five Year plans. This was to make up for
a rising population and lacking jobs to absorb the increased workforce size. Rural development was

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 15 of 18

General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

also given importance in India, for the important constituent it was of the Indian landscape. Poverty
alleviation came as a corollary of rural development and a part of the development path of India.
India inherited a poverty-stricken economy from the British rule, which had destroyed its resource
base completely.

46. Which of the following statement is correct?

1) Per capita incomes of India have doubled in 12 years.

2) In Per capita income, placing India just inside the Middle – Income Country category.
3) The literacy rate for the population aged 15 years and above is only 63% compared to a 71%
figure for lower middle – income countries.

a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

India has sustained rapid growth of GDP for most of the last two decades leading to rising per capita
incomes and a reduction in absolute poverty. Per capita incomes have doubled in 12 years. In Per
capita income, placing India just inside the Middle – Income Country category. Life expectancy at
birth is 65 years and 44% of children under 5 are malnourished. The literacy rate for the population
aged 15 years and above is only 63% compared to a 71% figure for lower middle – income countries.

47. Which country coined the term Gross National Happiness (GNH)?

a) India
b) Nepal
c) Bhutan
d) Myanmar

Explanation

Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan. It includes
an index which is used to measure the collective happiness and well-being of a population. Gross
National Happiness is instituted as the goal of the government of Bhutan in the Constitution of
Bhutan, enacted on 18 July 2008.

48. Which of the following are pillars of GHN?

1) sustainable and equitable socio-economic development

2) environmental conservation
3) good governance
a) 1, 2
Learning Leads To Ruling Page 16 of 18
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

GNH is distinguishable from Gross Domestic Product by valuing collective happiness as the goal of
governance, by emphasizing harmony with nature and traditional values as expressed in the 9
domains of happiness and 4 pillars of GNH. The four pillars of GNH's are 1) sustainable and
equitable socio-economic development; 2) environmental conservation; 3) preservation and
promotion of culture; and 4) good governance.

49. Which of the following is/are true about Factors supporting Indian development?

1) A fast-growing population of working age

2) India has a strong legal system and many English-language speakers.
3) Wage costs are low in India and India has made strides in recent years in closing some of
the productivity gap between her and other countries at later stages of development
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

A fast-growing population of working age. There are 700 million Indians under the age of 35 and
the demographics look good for Indian growth in the next twenty years at least. India is
experiencing demographic transition that has increased the share of the working-age population
from 58 percent to 64 percent over the last two decades. India has a strong legal system and many
English-language speakers. This has been a key to attracting inward investment from companies
such as those specialising in Information Technology. Wage costs are low in India and India has
made strides in recent years in closing some of the productivity gap between her and other
countries at later stages of development.

50. Which of the following are Agriculture policy in India?

a) Price policy
b) Green Revolution
c) Co-operative policy
d) All the above

Explanation

Agricultural policy is the set of government decisions and actions relating to domestic agriculture
and imports of foreign agricultural products. Governments usually implement agricultural policies
Learning Leads To Ruling Page 17 of 18
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com

with the goal of achieving a specific outcome in the domestic agricultural product markets. Some
over arching themes include risk management and adjustment, economic stability , natural
resources and environmental sustainability research and development, and market access for
domestic commodities. Some Agricultural policies are Price policy, land reform policy, Green
Revolution, Irrigation policy, Food policy, Agricultural Labour Policy and Co-operative policy

51. Which of the following statement is correct?

1) The economy of India had undergone significant policy shifts in the beginning of the 1990s.
2) The new model of economic reforms is commonly known as the LPG or Liberalisation,
Privatisation and Globalisation model
3) The primary objective of this model was to make the economy of India the fastest developing
economy in the globe with capabilities that help it match up with the biggest economies of
the world.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The economy of India had undergone significant policy shifts in the beginning of the 1990s. This
new model of economic reforms is commonly known as the LPG or Liberalisation, Privatisation and
Globalisation model. The primary objective of this model was to make the economy of India the
fastest developing economy in the globe with capabilities that help it match up with the biggest
economies of the world. These economic reforms had influenced the overall economic growth of
the country in a significant manner.

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 18 of 18