Sample Question Paper - 16

Physics (042)
Class- XII, Session: 2021-22
TERM II

Time : 2 Hours Max. Marks : 35

General Instructions :
(i) There are 12 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper has three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
(iii) Section A contains three questions of two marks each, Section B contains eight questions of three marks each,
Section C contains one case study-based question of five marks.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and
two questions of three marks. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use log tables if necessary but use of calculator is not allowed.

SECTION - A
1. Using Rutherford’s model of the atom, derive the expression for the total energy of the electron in hydrogen
atom. What is the significance of total negative energy possessed by the electron?
2. How does a light emitting diode (LED) work? Give two advantages of LED’s over the conventional
incandescent lamps.
OR
In the circuit shown if current for the diode is 20 µA, then find the potential difference across the diode.
4V

15 

3. (a) Distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductors on the basis of energy band diagrams.
(b) Compare their conductivities at absolute zero temperature and at room temperature.

SECTION - B
4. The rms value of the electric field of the light coming from the sun is 720 N C–1. Then what is the average
total energy density of the electromagnetic wave?
5. What will be the ratio of the energy released by 4 kg of hydrogen at sun by fusion process to 23.5 kg of 235U
in the nuclear reactor by fission process? (Assume energy released per fusion is 26 MeV and that per fission
is 200 MeV)
6. What is the conductivity of a semiconductor sample having electron concentration of 5 × 1018 m–3, hole
concentration of 5 × 1019 m–3, electron mobility of 2.0 m2 V–1 s–1 and hole mobility of 0.01 m2 V–1 s–1?
(Take charge of electron as 1.6 × 10–19 C)
7. (a) Define the term ‘critical angle’ for a pair of media.
(b) A point source of monochromatic light ‘S’ is kept at the centre of the bottom of a cylinder of radius
 15.0 cm. The cylinder contains water (refractive index 4/3) to a height of 7.0 cm. Draw the ray diagram
and calculate the area of water surface through which the light emerges in air.
8. (a) A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of 30°.
Calculate the speed of light through the prism.
A

B C

(b) Find the angle of incidence at face AB so that the emergent ray grazes along the face AC.
OR
A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm.
The two are kept 15 cm apart. A point object is placed 40 cm in front of the convex lens. Find the position
of the image formed by this combination. Draw the ray diagram showing the image formation.
9. The photoelectric threshold for a certain metal is 3600 Å. Calculate the maximum energy of the ejected
photoelectrons by a radiation of 2000 Å. (Given h = 6.62 × 10–34 J s)

10. Calculate the highest frequency of the emitted photon in the Paschen series of spectral lines of the Hydrogen
atom.
11. Explain the following, giving reasons:
(a) When monochromatic light is incident on a surface separating two media, the reflected and refracted
light both have the same frequency as the incident frequency.
(b) When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, the speed decreases. Does this decrease in speed
imply a reduction in the energy carried by the wave ?
(c) In the wave picture of light, intensity of light is determined by the square of the amplitude of the wave.
What determines the intensity in the photon picture of light?
OR
(a) Why are coherent sources necessary to produce a sustained interference pattern?
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength l, the intensity of light at a
point on the screen where path difference is l, is K units. Find out the intensity of light at a point where
path difference is l/3.

SECTION - C
12. CASE STUDY : DIFFRACTION DUE TO A SINGLE SLIT (FRAUNHOFER)
When light from a monochromatic source is incident on a single narrow slit, it gets diffracted and a pattern
of alternate bright and dark fringes is obtained on screen, called “Diffraction Pattern” of single slit. In
diffraction pattern of single slit, it is found that
(I) Central bright fringe is of maximum intensity and the intensity of any secondary bright fringe decreases
with increase in its order.
(II) Central bright fringe is twice as wide as any other secondary bright or dark fringe.
 Incident Light
Slit

Viewing screen

(i) A single slit of width 0.1 mm is illuminated by a parallel beam of light of wavelength 6000 Å and diffraction
bands are observed on a screen 0.5 m from the slit. The distance of the third dark band from the central
bright band is
(a) 3 mm (b) 1.5 mm (c) 9 mm (d) 4.5 mm
(ii) In Fraunhofer diffraction pattern, slit width is 0.2 mm and screen is at 2 m away from the lens. If wavelength
of light used is 5000 Å then the distance between the first minimum on either side the central maximum is
(a) 10–1 m (b) 10–2 m (c) 2 × 10–2 m (d) 2 × 10–1 m
(iii) Light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width 0.2 mm. The angular width of central
maxima in the diffraction pattern is (measured from minimum to minimum)
(a) 6 × 10–3 rad (b) 4 × 10–3 rad (c) 2.4 × 10–3 rad (d) 4.5 × 10–3 rad
(iv) A diffraction pattern is obtained by using a beam of red light. What will happen, if the red light is replaced
by the blue light?
(a) Bands disappear.
(b) Bands become broader and farther apart.
(c) No change will take place.
(d) Diffraction bands become narrower and crowded together.
(v) To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle
(a) should be l/2, where l is the wavelength. (b) should be of the order of wavelength.
(c) has no relation to wavelength. (d) should be much larger than the wavelength.
 Solution
PHYSICS - 042
Class 12 - Physics

1. An electron revolving in an orbit of H-atom, has

both kinetic energy and electrostatic potential energy.
Kinetic energy of the electron revolving in a circular
1
orbit of radius r is EK = mv 2
2
mv 2 1 e2
Since, =
r 4 πε0 r 2
T>0K
1 1 e2 1 e2
\ EK = × or EK =  ... (i)
2 4 πε0 r 4 πε0 2r
Electrostatic potential energy of electron of charge –e
revolving around the nucleus of charge +e in an orbit
of radius r is
1 +e × − e −1 e 2
EP = or EP = ... (ii)
4 πε0 r 4 πε0 r 
So, total energy of electron in orbit of radius r is T>0K
(b)
1 e2 1 e2
E = EK + EP or E = −
4 πε0 2r 4 πε0 r
−1 e 2
or E =
4 πε0 2r
The –ve sign of the energy of electron indicates that the
electron and nucleus together form a bound system i.e., at T = 0 K
electron is bound to the nucleus. At absolute zero temperature (0 K) conduction band
2. A light emitting diode is simply a forward biased of semiconductor is completely empty, i.e., s = 0.
p-n junction which emits spontaneous light radiation. Hence the semiconductor behaves as an insulator. At
room temperature, some valence electrons acquire
At the junction, energy is released in the form of
enough thermal energy and jump to the conduction
photons due to the recombination of the excess
band where they are free to conduct electricity. Thus
minority charge carrier with the majority charge the semiconductor acquires a small conductivity at
carrier. room temperature.
Advantages : 4. Total average energy density of electromagnetic
(i) Low operational voltage and less power. 1 2 1 2 2
wave is ε0 Erms + ε0 Erms = ε0 Erms
(ii) Fast action and no warm up time required. 2 2
OR = 8.85 × 10 × (720)2 = 4.58 × 10–6 J m–3
–12

Since the diode is reversed biased, only drift current 5. As 1 g of H-atom = NA

exists in circuit which is 20 µA. \ 1000 g of H-atom = 1000NA
Potential drop across 15 Ω resistor, = 15 Ω × 20 µA So, 4 kg of H-atom = 4000NA
= 300 µV = 0.0003 V 4000N A
Potential difference across the diode = 4 – 0.0003 \ Number of fusion = = 1000NA
4
= 3.99 ≅ 4 V Energy released per fusion process
3. (a) The required energy band diagrams are given = 1000NA × 26 MeV
below: Now, 235 g of Uranium = NA
23.5 kg of Uranium = 100NA
3 −1
So, energy released for fission process sin i =
2
= 100NA × 200 MeV
E 1000N A × 26 MeV 13  
∴ fusion = = i = sin −1  3 − 1 
Efission 100N A × 200 MeV 10  2 
6. (b) : Given; ne = 5 × 1018 m–3, nh = 5 × 1019 m–3, OR
me = 2 m2 V–1 s–1, mh = 0.01 m2 V–1 s–1 then conductivity,
s = e (neme + nhmh)
Putting values, we get
s = 1.6 × 10–19(5 × 1018 × 2 + 5 × 1019 × 0.01) I I
  = 1.6 × 10–19(1019 + 0.05 × 1019) = 1.68 (W-m)–1
7. The angle of incidence in denser medium for
40 cm
which the angle of refraction in rarer medium is 90° is 15 cm (50/3) cm
called the critical angle (ic) for the pair of media. 40 cm
The light rays emerge through a circle of radius r. For the lens
πh2 1 1 1
Area of water surface = = −
µ2 − 1 f v u
22 (7)2 u = – 40 cm, f = + 20 cm. This gives v = + 40 cm
= × = 200.28 cm2 This image acts as a (virtual) object for the convex
7 (1.33)2 − 1
mirror.
A O B \ u = (+ 40 – 15) cm = 25 cm
20
Also f = + cm = +10 cm
2
h=7cm
ic ic
ic i
c 1 1 1
From = +
S f v u
8. (a) The refractive index of the material of prism 50
We get v = cm  16.67 cm
 A + δm  A 3
sin  
µ=  2  δm The final image is, therefore formed at a distance of
A i r1 r  50 
sin 16.67 cm  = cm  to the right of the convex mirror.
2 ,  3 
Given : A = 60°, dm = 30°  95 
B C (at a distance of 31.67 cm  = cm  to the right of
 3 
sin 45° 1 the convex lens.
∴ µ= = .2 ⇒ µ = 2
sin 30° 2 9. According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
c c 3 × 108 hc hc 1 1 
m= ⇒v= = = 2.12 × 108 m s–1 K max = − = hc  − 
v µ 1.414 λ λ0  λ λ0 
1 1
(b) sin iC = =   1 1 
µ 2 = 6.62 × 10−34 × 3 × 108  −8
− −8 
iC = r = 45°  20 × 10 36 × 10 
A = r1 + r 6.62 × 10−34 × 3 × 108 × 4
= eV = 2.76 eV
⇒ r1 = 15° 180 × 10−8 × 1.6 × 10−19
sin i 10. The frequencies of the emitted photon in the
= 2
sin r1 Paschen series are given by
( 3 − 1) 1 1
\ sin i = 2 sin 15° = × 2 υ = Rc  2 − 2  , where n = 4, 5, 6, .....
2 2 3 n 
The highest frequency corresponds to n = ∞ [Q Given I = K, at path difference l]
7 −1 8
Rc 1.097 × 10 m × 3 × 10 m/ s K = 4I0  ...(i)
∴ υhighest = = λ
9 9 If path difference is , then phase difference will be
3
= 0.37 × 10 s = 3.7 × 1014 Hz
15 –1
2π λ 2π
11. (a) Reflection and refraction arise through φ′ = × =
λ 3 3
interaction of incident light with atomic constituents
of matter which vibrate with the same frequency as  2π  K
∴ Intensity, I ′ = 4 I 0 cos2   = (Using (i))
that of the incident light. Hence frequency remains  6  4
unchanged.
12. (i) (c) : Here, d = 0.1 mm, l = 6000 Å, D = 0. 5 m
(b) Energy carried by a wave depends on the frequency
3λ y
of the wave, not on the speed of wave propagation. For third dark band, d sin θ = 3λ ; sin θ = =
(c) For a given frequency, intensity of light in the d D
photon picture is determined by 3D λ 3 × 0.5 × 6 × 10−7
y= = = 9 × 10−3 m = 9 mm
Energy of photons n × hυ d 0.1 × 10−3
I= =
area × time A×t (ii) (b) : Given d = 0.2 mm = 0.2 × 10–3 m, D = 2 m
where n is the number of photons incident normally l = 5000 Å = 5 × 10–7 m
on crossing area A in time t. The distance between the first minimum on other side
OR of the central maximum
(a) Coherent sources are necessary to produce a 2 λD 2 × 5 × 10−7 × 2
sustained interference pattern otherwise the phase x= = −3
⇒ x = 10−2 m
d 0.2 × 10
difference changes very rapidly with time and hence
no interference will be observed. (iii) (a) : Here, l = 600 nm = 6 × 10–7 m
φ a = 0.2 mm = 2 × 10–4 m, q = ?
(b) Intensity at a point, I = 4 I 0 cos2   Angular width of central maxima,
2
2π 2 λ 2 × 6 × 10−7
Phase difference = × Path difference θ= = = 6 × 10−3 rad
λ a 2 × 10−4
At path difference l, (iv) (d) : When red light is replaced by blue light
2π (lB < lR) the diffraction pattern bands becomes
Phase difference, φ = × λ = 2π
λ narrow and crowded together.
 2π  (v) (b) : To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle
∴ Intensity, K = 4 I 0 cos2  
 2 
should be of the order of wavelength.