Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 31 views

    Principles and Method of Sterilization.

    Uploaded by

    Govind Rao
    Sterilization is the killing of all microorganisms through methods like autoclaving which uses steam at 121°C under pressure for 15 minutes. The most common method is heat sterilization which uses wet heat in autoclaves or dry heat in ovens or flaming. Filtration can quickly sterilize solutions using a pore size too small for microbes. Radiation sterilization uses UV, x-rays, or gamma rays which have varying penetration. Chemical sterilization uses toxic gases or liquids like ethylene oxide which penetrate materials without heat damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Principles and Method of Sterilization.

    Uploaded by

    Govind Rao
    31 views10 pages
    Sterilization is the killing of all microorganisms through methods like autoclaving which uses steam at 121°C under pressure for 15 minutes. The most common method is heat sterilization which uses wet heat in autoclaves or dry heat in ovens or flaming. Filtration can quickly sterilize solutions using a pore size too small for microbes. Radiation sterilization uses UV, x-rays, or gamma rays which have varying penetration. Chemical sterilization uses toxic gases or liquids like ethylene oxide which penetrate materials without heat damage.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Sterilization is the killing of all microorganisms through methods like autoclaving which uses steam at 121°C under pressure for 15 minutes. The most common method is heat sterilization which uses wet heat in autoclaves or dry heat in ovens or flaming. Filtration can quickly sterilize solutions using a pore size too small for microbes. Radiation sterilization uses UV, x-rays, or gamma rays which have varying penetration. Chemical sterilization uses toxic gases or liquids like ethylene oxide which penetrate materials without heat damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views10 pages

    Principles and Method of Sterilization.

    Uploaded by

    Govind Rao
    Sterilization is the killing of all microorganisms through methods like autoclaving which uses steam at 121°C under pressure for 15 minutes. The most common method is heat sterilization which uses wet heat in autoclaves or dry heat in ovens or flaming. Filtration can quickly sterilize solutions using a pore size too small for microbes. Radiation sterilization uses UV, x-rays, or gamma rays which have varying penetration. Chemical sterilization uses toxic gases or liquids like ethylene oxide which penetrate materials without heat damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Principal and method

    of sterilization
    Submitted by :- Govind Rao
    UID 19BML1005
    PRINCIPLES OF STERILIZATION
    Sterilization is the killing or removal of all
    microorganisms, including bacterial spores, which
    are highly resistant. Sterilization is usually carried
    out by autoclaving, which consists of exposure to
    steam at 121°C under a pressure of 15 lb/in2 for 15
    minutes.
    Heat method
    This is the most common method of sterilization. The
    heat is used to kill the microbes in the substance. The
    extent of sterilization is affected by the temperature of
    the heat and duration of heating. On the basis of type of
    heat used, heat methods are categorized into-

    (i) Wet Heat/Steam Sterilization- In most labs, this is a


    widely used method which is done in autoclaves..
    Autoclaves use steam heated to 121–134 °C under
    pressure. This is a very effective method that kills/
    deactivates all microbes, bacterial spores and viruses
    1. (ii) Dry heat sterilization- In this method,
    specimens containing bacteria are exposed to
    high temperatures either by flaming, incineration
    or a hot air oven. Flaming is used for metallic
    devices like needles, scalpels, scissors, etc.
    Incineration is used especially for inoculating
    loops used in microbe cultures. The metallic end
    of the loop is heated to red hot on the flame. The
    hot air oven is suitable for dry material like
    powders, some metal devices, glassware, etc.
    .filtration :- the quickest way to sterilize solutions
    without heating. This method involves filtering with a
    pore size that is too small for microbes to pass through.
    Generally filters with a pore diameter of 0.2 um are used
    for the removal of bacteria. Membrane filters are more
    commonly used filters over sintered or seitz or candle
    filters. It may be noted that viruses and phage are much
    smaller than bacteria, so the filtration method is not
    applicable if these are the prime concern.
    • Radiation sterilization: This method involves
    exposing the packed materials to radiation (UV, X-
    rays, gamma rays) for sterilization. The main
    difference between different radiation types is their
    penetration and hence their effectiveness. UV rays
    have low penetration and thus are less effective, but
    it is relatively safe and can be used for small area
    sterilization. X-rays and gamma rays have far more
    penetrating power and thus are more effective for
    sterilization on a large scale. It is, however, more
    dangerous and thus needs special attention. UV
    irradiation is routinely used to sterilize the interiors of
    biological safety cabinets between uses. X-rays are
    used for sterilizing large packages and pallet loads
    of medical devices. Gamma radiation is commonly
    used for sterilization of disposable medical
    Chemical method of sterilization: Heating
    provides a reliable way to get rid of all microbes, but
    it is not always appropriate as it can damage the
    material to be sterilized. In that case, chemical
    methods for sterilization is used which involves the
    use of harmful liquids and toxic gases without
    affecting the material. Sterilization is effective using
    gases because they penetrate quickly into the
    material like steam. There are a few risks, and the
    chances of explosion and cost factors are to be
    considered
    The commonly used gases for sterilization are
    a combination of ethylene oxide and carbon-
    dioxide. Here Carbon dioxide is added to
    minimize the chances of an explosion. Ozone
    gas is another option which oxidize most
    organic matter. Hydrogen peroxide, Nitrogen
    dioxide, Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde
    solutions, Phthalaldehyde, and Peracetic acid
    are other examples of chemicals used for
    sterilization. Ethanol and IPA are good at killing
    microbial cells, but they have no effect on
    spores.
    THANK YOU

    Reference. :- Ananthnarayan & panikar

    You might also like